原油蒸馏装置常压塔控制系统设计
摘要
DCS在我国炼油厂应用已有15年历史，有20多家炼油企业安装使用了不同型号的DCS，对常减压装置、催化裂化装置、催化重整装置、加氢精制、油品调合等实施过程控制和生产管理。其中有十几套DCS用于原油蒸馏，多数是用于常减压装置的单回路控制和前馈、串级、选择、比值等复杂回路控制。有几家炼油厂开发并实施了先进控制策略。下面介绍DCS用原油蒸馏生产过程的主要控制回路和先进控制软件的开发和应用情况。
辽河原油属于低硫中间基原油，含环烷酸多根据原油的性质、特点和市场的需求主要生产重整汽油、航空煤油、轻柴油、重柴油、混合蜡油、渣油等。装置由原油电脱盐、常减压蒸馏、渣油减粘裂化、航煤精制部分组成。根据加工含环烷酸原油的特点，结合加工含环烷酸原油的经验，优化了设备选型及选材，采用了目前最先进技术既初馏塔、常压塔塔盘为ADV高效塔盘。减压塔采用规整填料，处理物料能力大，汽、液接触均匀，传质效果较好。以实现装置长周期运行。高温部位设备和管线全部采用不锈钢材质，以达到防腐的目的。初顶、常顶用空冷代替水冷，节约了用水量，也减少了三废处理量。常压塔设顶循环回流和二个中段回流，以使塔内汽、液相负荷分布均匀，提高塔的处理能力，减小塔顶冷凝器的负荷。为了降低减压塔内真空高度，提高沸点，减压塔采用二级抽真空器。即蒸汽喷射泵和水环抽真空泵。
在采用新工艺新设备的同时优化了工艺流程，为了节能常压系统采用4台空冷器，为增加处理量常压炉四路进料四路出。
为使相当数量的中间馏分得到合理利用，因为它们是很多的二次加工原料，又能从中生产国民经济所需的各种润滑油、蜡、沥青的原料。因此本设计采用三段汽化蒸馏，即预汽化—常压蒸馏—减压蒸馏。
关键词：原油；常减压蒸馏塔；控制系统。
Crude oil distillation unit
atmospheric tower control system design
Abstract
DCS in our refinery application for 15 years history, has more than 20 refining enterprise installed the different types of DCS, often relief devices, catalytic cracking, catalytic reforming device, hydrotreating, oil products to attune, the implementation of process control and production management. There are more than ten sets of DCS for crude oil distillation, majority is used for often of pressure-relief device single loop control and feedforward, cascade, selection, such complex loop control. The ratio Several refineries in the development and implementation of the advanced control strategy. Here with crude oil distillation process of DCS the main control circuit and advanced control software development and application situation.
Liaohe oil belong to low sulphur crude oil, including among the naphthenic acid more according to the nature of the crude oil, characteristics and the demand of the market main production reforming gasoline, kerosene, diesel oil, heavy diesel, light mixed wax, directness, etc. Device by oil electricity desalination, often vacuum distillation, reduce glue residue cracking, and HangMei refined parts. According to processing including the naphthenic acid crude oil, combined with the naphthenic acid crude oil processing experience, optimize the selection of equipment and material, and adopted the most advanced technology, atmospheric distillation tower early both tata dish for ADV efficient tray. The reduced pressure tower neat padding materials handled, ability, air, liquid contact even, mass transfer effect is good. In order to realize the long period operation device. High temperature parts equipment and piping all adopt the stainless steel material, in order to achieve anticorrosive purpose. First, often be of top air cooling water, saving water instead of, also reduced the capacity of "three wastes". Atmospheric tower set top cycle and two middle backflow backflow, in order to make the tower in steam, liquid loading distribution uniformity, improve the processing power, reduce the tower top condenser load. In order to reduce the reduced pressure the tower in height, improve the boiling point vacuum, vacuum pumping, the reduced pressure tower is secondary. Namely steam injection pump and water ring smoke vacuum pump.
In the new process of new equipment and optimize the process, in order to energy saving
