冠词
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冠词
1. 冠词的分类
冠词在名词前，冠词可以分成两类：不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the。
不定冠词，一般放在单数可数名词前。
a用于以辅音音素，包括半元音音素/j/、/w/（注意：不是辅音字母）开头的词。
an用于以元音音素（不是元音字母）开头的词。
比如：a university一所大学
a horse一匹马
a C一个C
a European country一个欧洲国家
an uncle一位叔叔
an hour一小时
an M一个M
an English book一本英语书
1.1不定冠词 类别的表示
（1）不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，表示一类人或者物，含义相当于一类中的任何一个，也可以用不带冠词的复数名词表示。
比如：
①男孩不总是比女孩聪明。
A boy is not always cleverer than a girl. Boys are not always cleverer than girls
定冠词用于单数可数名词前，也可以表示类别，强调整个类别。
比如：②Edison had thousands of inventions, and the electric light
was one of them.
爱迪生有几千项发明，电灯是其中之一。
③The computer is important in modern society.
电脑在现代社会中很重要。
（2）不定冠词，经常用于名词前表示身份，特别是用于作表语或者补足语的名词前，而在其相应的复数名词前刚不用冠词。
比如：①“Are you a new comer?”he asked.
“你是新来的?”他问。
②He is not a university teacher, but a high school teacher.
他不是大学教师，而是个中学教师。
③John wanted his sons to be engineers.
约翰要他的儿子们都成为工程师。
（3）表示某人的职务或者头衔前，经常不用冠词。
比如Bill, monitor of our class, is good to every one of his classmates.
比尔，我们班的班长，对他的每位同学都很好。
一、选择填空
1___honest businessman never does any dishonest tricks in doing
___ business.
A. A,/ B. An,/ C.The,a D./,/
2.He says he has been to America and talked to the President of ___
White House in___ Washington.
A.the,/ B.the, the C./, / D.a, the
1.2不定冠词 数量的表示
不定冠词用于单数可数名词前，表示“一个”。
比如：①The children had a checkup on eyesight yesterday.
孩子们昨天进行了一次视力检查。
②There’s a letter for you, Dad.
爸爸，有你的一封信。
③They want to buy a house with a garden.
他们想买一幢带花园的房子。
注意：
a与one（一个）的区别。不定冠词除表示“（一个）”外，还强调其类别，而one只表示数量。
比如：①They have a music lesson every Monday morning.
他们每星期一上午上一节音乐课。
②They have only one music lesson each week.
他们每周只上一节音乐课。
3. He takes his pet dog for ___ walk and gives him ___ hot bath
every day.
A.a,the B.the, the C.the, a D.a, a
4.The World Cup was not just ___ sporting event, but ___ party for
the whole of Africa.
A.the, the B.the, a C.a, a D.a, the
1. 特指
定冠词用在名词前，用来专指某一或者某些特定的人或者物，称为特指；而不定冠词或者名词前不用冠词，表示一类人或者物，或者是一类中的任何一个，称为泛指。
比如：①What about a picnic \in the park tomorrow?
明天去公园野餐的食品足够了吗?（泛指）
②Have you got enough food for the picnic tomorrow?
你们明天野餐的食品足够了吗?（特指）
当名词被所带的修饰语限定表示特指意义，前面必须有定冠词；比如：①Most boys and girls like pop songs.
大多数孩子喜欢流行歌曲。
②The pop songs they are singing are beautiful.
他们唱的流行歌曲很优美。
③I am out of bread.I’ll go and buy some.
我吃完面包了。我要去买一些。
④The bread on the table has gone bad.
桌子上的面包变质了。 物质名词和抽象名词表示一般概念时，仅有泛指意义，前面一般不用冠词，但表示特指意义，尤其被修饰语加以限定时，前面必须用定冠词。
比如：①We love snow very much. 我们非常喜爱雪。
②The snow was thick on the road. 路上雪很厚。
③Music in films is usually beautiful. 电影中的音乐通常很动听。
④I like the music of the film. 我喜欢这部电影的音乐。
但如果名词的修饰仅说明名词的类别，不具有限定作用，则名词前仍用不定冠词。
比如：a map of China中国地图
a map of the world世界地图
选择填空：
7.He thought about ___ problem for ___ several days and decided
what to do with it.
A.a, the B.the, / C.the, the D./, /
8.She planned to visit ___ capital city to do some shopping and see
___ sights.
A.a, / B.the, / C.a, / D.the, the
2. 情景所指
在特定情景中，当对话双方都清楚名词所指的对象，名词前必须用定冠词。比如：
①—Where’s the bat, Tommy? 汤米，拍子在哪里?
—It’s over there, on the chair. 那儿，在椅子上。
②Don’t throw the paper on the ground. Put it in the little bin.
把纸扔在地上。放进废物箱里。
③I want a shopping bag. Take the green one. It is very nice.
我要个购物袋。拿那个绿的，很不错。
3.前指
通常在说话中初次提到的人或者物的名语前用不定冠词，但以后再次提到时已明确所指的对象，具有特指意义，所以名词前面必须用定冠词。比如：
①Here is a photo of a house. My family live in the house.The house
was bought by my grandfather thirty years ago.
这是一幢房子的照片。我家居住在这幢房子里。这幢房子是我祖父三十年前买下的。
一、选择填空
9.He emailed to the farmer, saying he would spend ___ on the farm.
A.the all of July B.all of the July
C.all the July D.all of July
10.Turn right and go two blocks and you’ll see___ Sun Hotel on
___ left.
A ./,/ B./,the C.the,the D./,the
4. 表示独一无二的名词
表示世上独一无二事物的名词前必须用定冠词，常见的如：the sun太阳，the earth地球，the moon月亮。
比如：
① It was a fine day. The sun was shining brightly.
天气晴朗。阳光灿烂。
②We can live on the earth because there is air around it.
我们可以在地球上生存，因为一球四周有空气。
5.表示方位
表示方位的名词前，通常用定冠词，常见的如：the east东方，the west西文，the north北方，the south南方，the left左边。
① The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
太阳在东方升起，西方落下。
②The wind was blowing from the north.
风从北方吹来。
③The bank is on the left. You can’t miss it.
银行在左边。你不会找不到的。
11.—What a crowd! Are they waiting to get tickets for ___ concert by __
rock star?
—Yes. Tickets for a good concert are worth waiting for.
A.the, the B./,a C./, / D.the, /
