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选修八Unit 1 A land of diversity必备知识·盘点夯基,BI BEI ZHI SHI PAN DIAN HANG JI Ⅰ．单词立体巧记写准记牢语境运用核心单词1．__means__n．手段；方法2．__hardship__n．苦难；困苦3．__occur__v i．发生；出现4．__reform__v t．& v i．改革；革新n．改革；改造；改良5．__hire__v t．& n．租用；雇用6．__nowhere__ad v．无处；到处都无7．__luggage__n．行李8．__grasp__v t．& n．抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会9．__conductor__n．(公共汽车的)售票员；列车长；(乐队)指挥10．__slip__v i．滑动；滑行；滑跤n．滑动；滑倒1．In the meantime, mobile online shoppingmarket was __booming__ (繁荣) in China,with an annual growth rate of 63．5%．2．Maybe you have been to many countries,but __nowhere__ (无处) else in the worldcan you find more attractive scenery than inSwitzerland．3．__Despite__ (尽管) his frequent absence,Bruce managed to keep up with hisstudies．4．__Grasp__ (抓住) the main idea of thetext, and you will be able to answer thequestion．5．(2020·新高考卷)You don't need toapologize for a minor slip(滑跤)．11．__boom__n．(人口、贸易的)繁荣v i．处于经济迅速发展时期12．__despite__prep．尽管；不管13．__customs__n．海关；关税；进口税6．I was really upset to find that such a thing should __have occurred__ (occur) in your shop．7．The unfair wage system must be __reformed__ (reform) as soon as possible in the company．拓展单词1．__majority__n．大多数；大半→__major__ adj．主要的；重要的v i．主修，专攻2．__elect__ v t．选择；决定做某事；选举某人→__election__n．选举3．__applicant__ n．申请人→__apply__v i．申请；应用→__application__ n．申请书；申请4．__apparent__adj．显而易见的；显然的；表面上的→__apparently__ad v．显然地；显而易见地5．__indicate__v t．指出；标示；表明；暗示→__indication__ n．标示；迹象→__indicator__ n．指示器；指示信号6．__fascinating__ adj．迷人的；吸引人的→__fascinate__v．吸引；使着迷7．__racial__ adj．人种的；种族的→__race__n．种族；比赛8．__punishment__ n．处罚；惩罚→__punish __v．处罚；惩罚1．One of the __major__ problems is that a__majority__ of the graduates who__major__ in English find it difficult to finda good job．(majority)2．Donald Trump won the __election__ andwas __elected__ president of the UnitedStates．(elect)3．All the __applicants__ can __apply__ inperson or by letter and at the same timeshould hand in their __applications__ beforeMay 6th．(apply)4．__Apparently__，she took no notice of the__apparent__ mistakes in theaccident．(apparent)5．In the __races__ at Olympics, we shouldreflect __racial__ equality．(race)6．He was lucky to have escaped__punishment/being punished__，but hisfellow was __punished__ by theirteacher．(punish)联想积累：1．与“雇用；辞退”有关的词汇①hire n & v t．雇用②employ v t．雇用③take on 雇用④fire v t．解雇；开除⑤dismiss v t．解雇；开除⑥discharge v t．辞退⑦lay off 解雇⑧turn away 解雇2．单复数意义不同的名词小结①custom(风俗)→customs (海关)②manner(方式)→manners (礼貌)③paper (纸)→papers(文件)④art(艺术)→arts(文科)⑤arm (手臂)→arms(武器)⑥short(短的)→shorts(短裤)⑦work(工作)→works(作品)3．后缀“-or”表示“人”的高频名词①conductor 售票员；列车员②translator 翻译家；译者③director 导演；主管④educator 教育工作者⑤editor 编辑⑥inventor 发明家；发明者⑦operator 操作员；接线员Ⅱ．短语语境助记写准记牢语境运用1．__live on__继续存在；继续生存2．__by means of．．．__用……办法；借助……3．__make a life__习惯于新的生活方式、工作等4．__keep up__坚持；维持；沿袭(风俗、传统等) 5．__back to back__背靠背6．__team up with__与……合作或一起工作7．__mark out__用线画出范围；标出……界线8．__take in__包括；吸收9．__a great/good many__许多；很多10．__apply for __申请；请示得到语境运用1．After seeing __a great/good many__ homeless people in the streets, I thought I should do something for them．2．In many countries, young people still __keep up __ the tradition that women will get married in a long white dress．3．Mr．Brown sent an email to the manager, __applying for__ a job in the company．4．John preferred to go into business alone rather than __team up with__ anyone else．5．It is honorable to __make a life __ with your hands while depending on others is a shame．Ⅲ．句式运用速记核心素养·精讲层练HE XIN SU YANG JING JIANG CENG LIAN1．means n．手段；方法(单复数同形)G归纳拓展(1)by this means用这种方法by means of．．．用……办法；借助……by no means＝in no way＝in no case＝on no account＝at no time决不；一定也不(放在句首时，句子用倒装语序)by all means(用于交际英语表示同意)当然可以；没问题(2)a means of communication一种通讯/交流工具M名师点津means用作“方式；方法”讲时单复数同形。
Unit1 The written word●Task1) used when describing two people or things that are very close to each other with nothing betweenthem: 紧挨着,靠近Can I sit next to the window?There was a really strange man standing next to me at the station.2) used to mean ‘after’ when making a choice or a parison: 仅次于I'd say cheese is my favourite food and, next to that, chocolate (= Cheese is the only food that I like more than chocolate).3) almost: 几乎,接近于They pay me next to nothing(= very little) but I really enjoy the work.It's next to impossible(= extremely difficult) to find somewhere cheap to live in the city centre.We got home in next to no time(= very little time).3. have talent for(P11)talentn. [C or U] (someone who has) a natural ability to be good at sth., especially without being taught: 天赋Her talent for music showed at an early age.His artistic talents were wasted in his boring job.talentedadj.a talented footballer/pianist4. at the sight of(P11)sightn. [C or S or U] sth. that is in someone's view: 景色The flowers at the annual flower show were a beautiful sight.You should always keep sight of your bags (= have them where you can see them) while you're at the RMAL You can't go out in those clothes - you look a real sight (= look untidy or silly)!The child laughed at the sight of(= when she saw) the clockwork toy.FORMALThe lawyer requested sight of(= to see) the papers.I dare not let the children out of my sight (= go where I cannot see them) in this park.The police officer was hidden out of sight (= where he could not be seen) behind a tree.The castle came into sight (= started to be able to be seen) as we went round a bend in the road.We're looking for a house which is within sight of(= from which it is possible to see) the mountains.FIGURATIVEAfter three years of campaigning, the end is finally in sight (= will happen soon) for Jon.I caught sight of(= saw for a moment) my former teacher while I was out shopping today, but she turned a corner and I lost sight of (= could no longer see) her."Do you know David Wilson?" "I haven't met him, but I know him by sight (= I recognize him, but do not know him)."INFORMAL She hated/loathed the sight of(= hated) her former RMAL They used to be very good friends, but now they can't bear/stand the sight of(= hate) each other.The question seemed easy at first sight (= when they first saw it), but when the students tried to answer it, they discovered how difficult it was.v. [T] to suddenly see sth. or someone: 看见let sb./sth. out phrasal verbto allow someone or sth. to leave a place, especially by opening a closed or fastened door:使出去I heard a voice from the cupboard shouting "Let me out!"He let the air out of the balloon.She let out a scream (= She made this noise).let out(END) phrasal verbWhen something that people go to, such as school or a show, lets out, it ends and everyone leaves: 结束When does school let out for the summer?let sth. out(CLOTHES) phrasal verbto make a piece of clothing wider by removing the sewing from the sides and sewing closer to the edge of the material: 放大(衣服)These trousers are too tight - I'm going to have to let them out.6. Up it flew, higher and higher, until it was a small dot in the sky. (P11)它越飞越高，直到在空中变成一个小点。
Unit1 The written word●Task1) used when describing two people or things that are very close to each other with nothing betweenthem: 紧挨着,靠近Can I sit next to the window?There was a really strange man standing next to me at the station.2) used to mean ‘after’ when making a choice or a comparison: 仅次于I'd say cheese is my favourite food and, next to that, chocolate (= Cheese is the only food that I like more than chocolate).3) almost: 几乎,接近于They pay me next to nothing (= very little) but I really enjoy the work.It's next to impossible (= extremely difficult) to find somewhere cheap to live in the city centre.We got home in next to no time (= very little time).3. have talent for (P11)talentn. [C or U] (someone who has) a natural ability to be good at sth., especially without being taught: 天赋Her talent for music showed at an early age.His artistic talents were wasted in his boring job.talentedadj.a talented footballer/pianist4. at the sight of (P11)sightn. [C or S or U] sth. that is in someone's view: 景色The flowers at the annual flower show were a beautiful sight.You should always keep sight of your bags (= have them where you can see them) while you're at the airport.INFORMAL You can't go out in those clothes - you look a real sight (= look untidy or silly)!The child laughed at the sight of (= when she saw) the clockwork toy.FORMAL The lawyer requested sight of (= to see) the papers.I dare not let the children out of my sight (= go where I cannot see them) in this park.The police officer was hidden out of sight (= where he could not be seen) behind a tree.The castle came into sight (= started to be able to be seen) as we went round a bend in the road.We're looking for a house which is within sight of (= from which it is possible to see) the mountains. FIGURATIVE After three years of campaigning, the end is finally in sight (= will happen soon) for Jon.I caught sight of (= saw for a moment) my former teacher while I was out shopping today, but she turned a corner and I lost sight of (= could no longer see) her."Do you know David Wilson?" "I haven't met him, but I know him by sight (= I recognize him, but do not know him)."INFORMAL She hated/loathed the sight of (= hated) her former husband.INFORMAL They used to be very good friends, but now they can't bear/stand the sight of (= hate) each other.The question seemed easy at first sight (= when they first saw it), but when the students tried to answer it, they discovered how difficult it was.v. [T] to suddenly see sth. or someone: 看见let sb./sth. out phrasal verbto allow someone or sth. to leave a place, especially by opening a closed or fastened door:使出去I heard a voice from the cupboard shouting "Let me out!"He let the air out of the balloon.She let out a scream (= She made this noise).let out (END) phrasal verbWhen something that people go to, such as school or a show, lets out, it ends and everyone leaves: 结束When does school let out for the summer?let sth. out (CLOTHES) phrasal verbto make a piece of clothing wider by removing the sewing from the sides and sewing closer to the edge of the material: 放大(衣服)These trousers are too tight - I'm going to have to let them out.6. Up it flew, higher and higher, until it was a small dot in the sky. (P11) 它越飞越高，直到在空中变成一个小点。
U1重点词汇讲解1. vain adj. 自负的；自视过高的e.g. He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是好几个小时。
adj. 不成功的；无用的；徒劳的e.g. They made a vain attempt to protect the town from attack.他们企图保护这个镇不受攻击，结果没有成功。
in vain没有成功；徒劳e.g. We walked a couple of blocks, looking in vain for a cab.我们走了两三个街区寻找出租车，但没找到。
2. wisdom n. 智慧；学识；明智e.g. One can not have wisdom without living life.一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧。
In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶。
wise adj. 聪明的，英明的，明智的3. abuse v. 虐待；凌辱e.g. Prisoners reported being regularly abused by their guards.囚犯们举报说他们遭到了看守经常性的虐待。
v. 滥用；妄用e.g. They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices artificially high.他们被控滥用权力，人为地太高物价。
v. 辱骂e.g. He was fined $ 10,000 for verbally abusing the judge.他因恶言辱骂裁判被罚款10,000美元。
4. adaptation n. 适应，改编，改写本；适应e.g. The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。
牛津英语模块常用词汇、词组复习
模块八（选修）
Unit 1 The written word
一、高分必备词汇
1. poetry n. 诗歌（总称） poem n. 诗 poet n. 诗人 poetess n. 女诗人
2. characteristic n. 特征，特点 adj. 典型的，独特的，特有的
3. novelist n. 小说家
4. abuse vt. 虐待；辱骂；滥用
Pip’s sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any
harm come to Pip. 皮普的姐姐经常虐待他，但是乔是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意
看到皮普受到任何伤害。
5. desperate adj. 铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望 desperation n.
6. criminal n. 罪犯 adj. 犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的
7. tension n. 紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立
8. twist n. 转折，转变；转动；急转弯 vi.& vt.（使）转弯；转动；蜿蜒
9. plot n. 故事情节；阴谋，密谋vt. 密谋；绘制（图表）
10. generous adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的 generosity n. 慷慨，大方
11. theme n. 主题，主题思想，主题音乐
12. violent adj. 暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的 violence n. 暴力，暴行
13. millionaire n. 百万富翁
14. reform vt.& vi.& n.（使）改过自新，改造；改革，改良
15. resist vi. & vt. 反抗，抵制，抵挡 resistance n. 抵抗，反抗力 resistant adj. 抵抗的，反抗
的；顽固的
I just can’t resist chocolate. 我就是抵挡不住巧克力的诱惑。
She can never resist buying new shoes. 她永远抵挡不住买新鞋子的诱惑。
While shopping, can you resist being persuaded to buy anything that you don’t really need?
购物时，你能抵挡得住被劝说不去购买不是真正需要的东西吗？
16. rescue n. & vt. 救援，营救
17. supreme adj. 最高的，至高无上的
18. reputation n. 名誉，名声
Burns had a reputation for being funny and pleasant to be around. 彭斯以诗人的风趣和友好而
闻名。
She was a good lawyer with a reputation for honesty and diligence. 她是个优秀的律师，以诚实
和勤奋著称。
19. adore vt. 热爱，喜爱，爱慕
20. intend vt.& vi. 打算，计划，想要
This money is intended for the development of the tourist industry. 这笔钱是准备用于发展旅游
业的。
二、高分必备词组
1. in one’s spare time在某人空闲时
2. recommend a book to a friend给朋友介绍一本书
3. have…to do with…与……有……关系
Many people do not read them, because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to
do with life today. 许多人不读经典作品是因为觉得它们过时了，枯燥乏味，与当今的生活没
有任何关系。
4. be set in…以……为背景
Great Expectations is set in England in the early 1800s.《远大前程》以19世纪初的英格兰为背
景。
5. be eager to do something/be eager for…渴望做某事；急切想做某事
6. in vain 徒然，无效
He tried to cover up his mistakes but in vain. 他试图掩饰他的错误，但办不到。
7. be/feel ashamed of one’s background 因身世背景而感到羞愧
8. be bent on (doing) something 决心做某事（通常指坏事）
Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella’s love. 皮普一心想要成为一名绅士并
赢得艾斯特拉的芳心。
9. find out the identity of the person 查明那个人的身份
10. put on an art exhibition举办艺术展览
11. live up to one’s expectations达到某人的期望
However, if you liked the book, you should probably not be too eager to see the film, as it is not
likely to live up to your great expectations. 然而，如果你喜欢这本书，你或许不应该急于看这
部电影，因为它很有可能达不到你的期望。
12. be of great significance/importance 非常重要的；非凡的
English literature, especially English fiction, is of great significance in the literary world. 英语文
学，尤其是英语小说在文学界有着非凡的意义。
13. choose…as…/be chosen as…把……选为……(被选为……)
Justin’s novel Pride and Prejudice was chosen as ‘Nation’s Best-loved Book’ in BBC’s Big Read
in 2003. 在2003年BBC举办的大阅读活动中，贾斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》被选为国家最受欢
迎的书。
14. have great appeal to many young people 吸引很多年轻人
15. make a plan to read some biographies about great writers 做计划阅读名作家的传记
16. have a better understanding of…更好地理解……
17. under the control of…受……的控制；在……的控制下
To flee the circumstances, Oliver runs away to London, where he falls under the control of a man
called Fagin.为了逃离那种环境，奥利弗到了伦敦，在一个名叫费金的人管控之下。
18. head for…去、到……
19. have enough money to afford a real soccer ball有钱购买一只真足球
20. have a talent for/to do…有天赋做……
21. let out a sad sigh发出难过的叹息
22. get possession of one’s fortune占有某人的财产
23. come to one’s rescue救援某人，帮助某人
24. come from a poor family出身于贫苦家庭
25. touch on谈及，涉及
The poetry of this period often focuses on concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use
imagination and touch on strong feelings. 这一时期的诗歌通常关注自由、美丽等概念，往往
运用想象触及强烈的情感。
26. be intended to be/do something 目的是作为某物，目的是做某事
The poem was published in 1794 and, like many of Burns’ poems, it was intended to be a song.
这首诗发表于1794年，如同彭斯的其他诗歌一样，这首诗原本是为歌咏而作。
27. compare A with/to B 把A和B相比较
compare A to B 把A比喻为B
I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference. 我比较了复印件和原
稿，但是差别不是很大。
We compare teachers to burning candles. 我们把老师比喻为燃烧的蜡烛。
