选修8 unit1 词汇讲解

泗州学校Sizhou School高三英语选修八导学案编号：2014- 课型：新授课上课时间：第1周主备人：沙千审核人：班级：小组：姓名：评价：UNIT1 A LAND OF DIVERSITY1．live on 继续存在，继续生存The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. (教材P1)这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

She lived on for many years after her husband died.丈夫死后她继续活了多年。

live on sth以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live through经历过；经历……而未死live by doing 靠做某事物为生live a．.. life 过着……的生活live up to遵从；履行；不辜负live with容忍；忍受(2010·湖北高考)Had she ________ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A．looked up to B．lived up to C．kept up with D．come up with2．However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。

本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。

句中的likely为形容词，意为“可能的”，常用于It is likely that...“有可能……”或sb.be likely to do sth.“某人有可能做某事”句型中。

选修8 Unit 1 单词及课文详解△California 加利福尼亚（州）△Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人△illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 illustration 实例插图图解Be illustrated with 有插图 - sth. 给书加插图阐明By way of -tion 作为说明 in -tion of 作为...例证distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 distinctive 独特的有特色的distinction n. 差别；区分cn；卓著优秀un.Distinguish between and :distinguish A from B -ed 杰出的以...著名Make a distinction between andMake no distinction 没有区别： without distinction with distinction 优异地△immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民live on 继续存在；继续生存 - by 以..为生 - through 活过度过...熬过Live up to 实践原则誓言等做到 - down 改过自新生活忘掉过错strait n. 海峡=straits△Bering 白令海峡Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的the Arctic 北极means n. 手段；方法by means of… 用……办法；借助 By all means 一定务必 by no means 绝不By this means 通过这种方式：in this way/ with this method/ in this manner by some means or other 想尽办法△prehistoric adj. 史前的majority n. 大多数；大半 the - 做主语谓语动词单数各个成员可用复数The - of + 单数名词或pl. 谓语动词与名词保持一致In a - 占大多数 get a - 获得多数票 have a - 拥有多数Major minor minority -ity ...状态、性质ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责神职任期 the - of Defense Catholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒△Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）△San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）△adventurer n. 冒险家make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等△despite prep. 尽管；不管hardship n. 苦难；困苦elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护栏的）横条percentage n. 百分比；百分率△Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶Italy n. 意大利Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）- away from 不接近- back 阻止抑制 -... From 阻止免受伤害 - off 远离 - out 使不入内- up with 跟上 -an eye on 注视 - hold of 抓住 - a record of记载 - in touch with△Hollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业boom n. （人口、贸易的）繁荣（运动音乐）突然风靡的时期深沉的响声V. 轰鸣激增处于经济迅速发展时期-er=baby -er 生育高峰期出生的人 - town 新兴都市aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机△Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人△immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境racial adj. 人种的；种族的crossing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理；副职nephew n. 侄子；外甥pole n. 地极；电极；磁极applicant n. 申请人customs n. 海关；关税；进口税socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的socialism n. 社会主义occur vi. 发生；出现有计划或无计划It -s to sb. To do/ that... 某人想到 -rencecattle n. 牛（总称）△Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示back to back 背靠背luggage n. 行李（<美>baggage）shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃△cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆△cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车△Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁•海利迪tram n. （有轨）电车apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地It is - to sb. That... 在某人看来显然...brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥slip vi. 滑动；滑行；滑跤 n.滑动；滑倒小错误- off 迅速脱去衣服：- out of -on 迅速穿上 -out 被无意中说出- away 消失消亡 - up 犯错误疏忽△wharf n. 码头bakery n. 面包房；面包厂ferry n. 渡船；渡口 vt.摆渡；渡运△Angel Island 天使岛team up with 与……合作或一起工作hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用- sth. To ...租给 - ... From...向...租借租设备用hire 租房子：let/rent△fascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的mark out 划线；标出……界线选定表明- down 记下减价给低分 - off 划出界限 -up 标高价格 - with 以..为标记- for life 留下终生的伤痕seagull n. 海鸥take in 包括；吸收理解欺骗- apart 拆开 -away 拿走 - back 收回- to 喜欢习惯 - on承担呈现雇佣 - over 接管-up 占据继续 -up with 和交往angle n. 角；角度a great/good many 许多；很多Many/many a/an / a great/good many/ more than one/ a good/large number of +pl.Much/ a good/great deal of/ a large amount of /amounts of+unA lot of/lots of/ a quantity of/ quantities of/ plenty of/ a supply of/supplied of+pl./unAmounts of/ quantities of+un. 谓语动词用复数Many a(more than one)+单数谓语动词用单数apply for 申请；请示得到Apply 申请敷产生作用使努力- to do 申请做 - ..to..将...涂抹于- oneself to 专心从事 applicant application appliednowhere adv. 无处；到处都无△miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的punishment n. 处罚；惩罚justice n. 公正；公平mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 -er哀悼者 -ful 忧伤的 -ing n, 哀悼civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的authority n. 权威；权力 (pl)当局；官方reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新 n.改革；改造；改良grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会△thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的insert vt. 插入；嵌入 n. 插面广告挿入物 -ion 放入选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population （grow/fall; large/small）. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。

泗州学校Sizhou School高三英语选修八导学案编号：2014- 课型：新授课上课时间：第1周主备人：沙千审核人：班级：小组：姓名：评价：UNIT1 A LAND OF DIVERSITY1．live on 继续存在，继续生存The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. (教材P1)这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。

She lived on for many years after her husband died.丈夫死后她继续活了多年。

live on sth以某物为食；靠某种经济来源生活live through经历过；经历……而未死live by doing 靠做某事物为生live a．.. life 过着……的生活live up to遵从；履行；不辜负live with容忍；忍受(2010·湖北高考)Had she ________ her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.A．looked up to B．lived up to C．kept up with D．come up with2．However，it_is_likely_that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.(教材P2)然而，很可能至少在15000年前美洲土著人就生活在加利福尼亚了。

本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为that引导的主语从句。

句中的likely为形容词，意为“可能的”，常用于It is likely that...“有可能……”或sb.be likely to do sth.“某人有可能做某事”句型中。

1. vain adj. 自负的；自视过高的e.g. He was vain about his looks, spending hours in the gym.他对自己的外表很自负，在健身房里一呆就是好几个小时。

adj. 不成功的；无用的；徒劳的e.g. They made a vain attempt to protect the town from attack.他们企图保护这个镇不受攻击，结果没有成功。

in vain没有成功；徒劳e.g. We walked a couple of blocks, looking in vain for a cab.我们走了两三个街区寻找出租车，但没找到。

2. wisdom n. 智慧；学识；明智e.g. One can not have wisdom without living life.一个人不经历生活不可能有智慧。

In those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations.在那些朴实的谚语中蕴含着几代人集体智慧的结晶。

wise adj. 聪明的，英明的，明智的3. abuse v. 虐待；凌辱e.g. Prisoners reported being regularly abused by their guards.囚犯们举报说他们遭到了看守经常性的虐待。

v. 滥用；妄用e.g. They were accused of abusing their power to keep prices artificially high.他们被控滥用权力，人为地太高物价。

v. 辱骂e.g. He was fined $ 10,000 for verbally abusing the judge.他因恶言辱骂裁判被罚款10,000美元。

4. adaptation n. 适应，改编，改写本；适应e.g. The play is an adaptation of a short novel. 这部戏剧是一部短篇小说的改编本。

选修8 Unit 1 A land of diversityPart 1 Vocabulary study1.distinction[c/u]~ (between A and B) 差别；区别；对比a clear difference or contrastWe need to draw/make a distinction between the two events.The new law makes no distinction between adults and children(= treats them equally) .There is no clear or sharp distinction between the two places.[sing] 特质；特点；不同凡响the quality of being sth that is specialhave/ earn/ achieve the distinction of doing sthShe had the distinction of being the first woman to fly the Atlantic.distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；明白的；明显的easily or clearly heard, seen, felt, etc.There was a distinct smell of gas.His voice was quiet but every word was distinct.截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的clearly different or of a different kindThe results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.确定无疑的；确实的；确切的definiteBeing tall gave Tony a distinct advantage.I had the distinct impression I was being watched.distinctive adj.独特的；特别的；有特色的characteristicclothes with a distinctive styleThe male bird has distinctive white markings on its head.2.Majority[sing] ~ (of sb/sth) 大部分；大多数the largest part of a group of people or thingsThe majority was/were in favour of banning smoking .In the nursing profession, women are in a/the majority .[c]（获胜的）票数；多数票the number of votes by which one political party wins an election; the number of votes by which one side in a discussion, etc. winsShe was elected by/with a majority of 749.They had a clear/ large majority over their nearest rivals(对手).3.hardship[c/u] 艰难；困苦；拮据a situation that is difficult and unpleasant because you do not have enough money, food, clothes, etc.People suffered many hardships during that long winter.It was no hardship to walk home on such a lovely evening.4.elect [vt]选举；推选to choose sb to do a particular job by voting for theman elected leader/representativeShe became the first black woman to be elected to the Senate.He was elected (as) president for our company.~ to do sth选择，决定（做某事）to choose to do sthIncreasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays.election n. 选举；当选to win/lose an election在选举中获胜╱失败to run for election参加竞选5.occur[i]发生；出现to happenWhen exactly did the incident occur?Something unexpected occurred.It occurs to sb. that（某人突然想到……）It had never occurred to Cinderella that she would become a princess someday.It suddenly occurred to me that I hadn't finished my homework.类似句式It strikes/ hits sb. that 某人突然想起It comes to sb. that 某人突然想起It crosses one’s mind that 某人突然想起It dawns on sb that 某人开始明白,渐渐领悟.6.slip[vi] ~ (over) 滑倒；滑跤to slide a short distance by accident so that you fall or nearly fallShe slipped over on the ice and broke her leg.As I ran up the stairs, my foot slipped and I fell.[vi] (+ adv./prep.) 滑落；滑离；脱落to slide out of position or out of your handThe fish slipped out of my hand.The child slipped from his grasp and ran off.[vi] + adv./prep.悄悄疾行；溜to go somewhere quickly and quietly, especially without being noticed She slipped out of the house before the others were awake.She knew that time was slipping away.[vt] 迅速放置；悄悄塞；偷偷放to put sth somewhere quickly, quietly or secretlyAnna slipped her hand into his.I managed to slip a few jokes into my speech.[vi]下降；退步；变差to fall to a lower level; to become worseHis popularity has slipped recently.[vi]+ adv./prep. 陷入，进入（困难或不愉快的处境）to pass into a particular state or situation He began to slip into debt.The patient had slipped into a coma(昏迷).[i][t]（迅速且容易地）穿上，脱下to put clothes on or to take them off quickly and easilyto slip into/out of a dressHe slipped a coat over his sweatshirt.let slip sth泄露；无意中说出I happened to let it slip that he had given me £1 000 for the car.She tried not to let slip what she knew.slip your mind被遗忘Some things you don’t forget. Some dates don’t slip your mind.slippery adj.滑的；滑得抓不住（或站不稳、难以行走）的；slipper n.拖鞋7.justice[u]公平；公正the fair treatment of peopleJustice has been done/ served. 正义得以伸张。

英语选修八unit1重点单词精讲1. Accentuate - to emphasize or highlight something.Example: The artist used bold colors to accentuate certain aspects of the painting.2. Aesthetic - relating to beauty or artistic appreciation.Example: The interior designer was praised for her aesthetic approach to decorating the house.3. Amenity - a feature that provides comfort or convenience.Example: The hotel had many amenities, including a swimming pool, gym, and spa.4. Antithesis - the direct opposite.Example: The characters in the play represented the antithesis of good and evil.5. Assimilate - to integrate or become part of a larger group.Example: It takes time for immigrants to assimilate into a new culture.6. Augment - to make something larger or increase in size.Example: The company decided to augment its workforce to meet the growing demand.7. Belie - to give a false impression or show to be false.Example: His calm demeanor belied the anxiety he felt inside.8. Cipher - a secret or disguised way of writing.Example: The spy used a cipher to encrypt his messages.9. Coincide - to happen at the same time or occupy the same space.Example: The concert coincided with my sister's birthday, so we celebrated together.10. Complacent - overly satisfied or self-satisfied, often unaware ofpotential dangers.Example: The team became complacent after winning the first few games, leading to their downfall.11. Conformity - compliance with standards, rules, or norms.Example: The school has a strict dress code, and students are expected to conform to it.12. Demeanor - one's behavior or outward appearance.Example: Despite the difficult situation, she maintained a calm and composed demeanor.13. Discrepancy - a difference or inconsistency between two things.Example: There was a discrepancy between the sales figures reported by the two departments.14. Dissent - to hold a different opinion or to refuse to conform.Example: Some members of the committee dissented from the majority's decision.15. Eloquent - having the ability to express oneself clearly and persuasively. Example: The lawyer's eloquent speech convinced the jury of his client's innocence.16. Entitlement - the belief that one deserves certain privileges or rights. Example: Some people have a sense of entitlement and expect special treatment.17. Facet - a particular aspect or feature of something.Example: The book explores various facets of human behavior.18. Flourish - to thrive or prosper.Example: The business flourished after the new marketing strategy was implemented.19. Grapple - to struggle or wrestle with a problem or challenge.Example: The team grappled with the difficult task of meeting the deadline.20. Homogeneous - consisting of similar or uniform parts.Example: The population in this town is relatively homogeneous in terms of culture and ethnicity.21. Impair - to damage or weaken something.Example: The accident impaired his ability to walk.22. Incentive - something that encourages or motivates someone to do something. Example: The company offered a bonus as an incentive for its employees to meet their sales targets.23. Inception - the beginning or start of something.Example: The project had its inception in a brainstorming session last year. 24. Inscribe - to write or carve something on a surface.Example: The winner's name was inscribed on the trophy.25. Integrity - the quality of being honest and having strong moral principles. Example: The teacher was known for her integrity and fairness.26. Latitude - the degree of freedom to act or decide.Example: The manager gave her team a wide latitude in how they approached the project.27. Lethargic - feeling a lack of energy or motivation.Example: After the long journey, I felt lethargic and just wanted to rest.28. Lofty - high in position or status.Example: The CEO occupied the lofty position at the top of the company's hierarchy.29. Lucrative - producing a lot of money.Example: The musician's latest album turned out to be a lucrative venture.30. Magnitude - the size or importance of something.Example: The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.0 on the Richter scale.31. Mitigate - to reduce the severity or impact of something.Example: The government implemented measures to mitigate the effects of the economic downturn.32. Modicum - a small or moderate amount of something.Example: The recipe called for a modicum of salt to enhance the flavor.33. Opaque - not transparent or clear.Example: The window was covered with an opaque film to provide privacy.34. Paradox - a statement that seems self-contradictory but may be true. Example: The paradox of his statement is that it both accuses and defends the accused.35. Pedestrian - ordinary or uninteresting.Example: The movie's plot was rather pedestrian, with no unexpected twists or turns.36. Permeate - to spread or influence something gradually.Example: The smell of garlic permeated the entire kitchen.37. Platitude - a statement that is too obvious or commonplace to beinteresting or thoughtful.Example: The politician's speech was filled with platitudes and lacked substance.38. Prevalent - widespread or common.Example: Obesity has become a prevalent health issue in many countries.39. Profound - deep or significant.Example: The book offers profound insights into the human condition.40. Resilient - able to withstand or recover quickly from difficult situations.Example: Despite facing many challenges, she remained resilient and optimistic.41. Rhetorical - relating to the art of effective communication, often used to emphasize a point rather than seeking an answer.Example: He asked the rhetorical question, "Can't we all just get along?"42. Sentiment - an attitude or opinion based on emotion rather than reason.Example: The public sentiment was against the proposed tax increase.43. Solicit - to ask for or try to obtain something, often in a formal or persistent way.Example: The charity organization solicited donations from local businesses.44. Substantiate - to provide evidence or proof for something.Example: The researcher substantiated his claims with data from the experiment.45. Subtle - not obvious or easily noticed; delicate or intricate.Example: The painter used subtle shades of blue to create the effect of distance in the landscape. 46. Supersede - to replace or take the place of something older or no longer in use.Example: The new version of the software supersedes the old one, which is now outdated.47. Tenuous - weak or uncertain; not firmly based or established.Example: Their relationship was based on a tenuous connection and didn't last long.48. Traverse - to move across or travel over.Example: The hikers traversed the mountain range with the help of a experienced guide.49. Ubiquitous - being or seeming to be everywhere at the same time; widespread.Example: Smartphones have become an ubiquitous part of modern life.50. Vacillate - to waver or hesitate between different opinions or actions; be indecisive. Example: The politician vacillated on the issue, failing to take a firm stance.51. Vernacular - the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular region. Example: The author wrote the novel in the vernacular to make it more accessible to local readers.52. Vibrant - full of energy and life; vivid and bright.Example: The city's nightlife was known for its vibrant clubs and bustling streets.53. Volatile - likely to change quickly and unpredictably; unstable.Example: The stock market can be volatile, with prices fluctuating wildly.54. Warrant - to give authorization or justification for something.Example: The police officer warranting the search believed there was probable cause to suspect illegal activity.55. Zeal - great enthusiasm or passion for something.Example: The volunteer worked with zeal to help the homeless in the community.。

1.elect选择；决定做某事；选举某人elect to do sth=choose/decide to do sth选择/决定做某事elect sb to be/as选举某人成为/担任--职务She elected to become a lawyer.她决定当医生。

We elected James to be chairman.我们选出詹姆斯当主席。

2.occur vi.发生，出现，被想到sth occur to sb(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中，被想起It occurs to sb. t hat…突然想起…When did the accident occur ? 那事故是什么时候发生的？The words of the song occurred to me suddenly .我突然想起了那歌的歌词。

翻译：我突然想到我把女朋友留在半路。

It occurs to me that I left my girlfriend halfway .翻译：It occurs to me that he owes me 5 yuan .我突然想到他欠我5元钱。

“某人突然想起”的多种表达sth. occurs to sb.sth. strikes sb.sth. comes to sb.It occurs to sb. that 从句It strikes sb. that 从句It crosses one’s mind that 从句3.indicate vt.指出；标示；表明；暗示indicate sth (to sb)翻译：a sign indicating the right road to follow指示应走道路的标识（1）With a nod of his head,he indicated to me where I should sit. （他向我示意）（2）A res sky at night indicates fine weather the following day .（暗示明天天气好）5.grasp vt.抓住，抓紧；理解，领会(1)I grasped him by the arm .我抓住他胳膊。

高二英语选修8unit1知识点高二英语选修8 Unit 1 知识点Unit 1：Cultural relics本单元主要介绍了关于文化遗产的相关知识，并对文化遗产的重要性进行了探讨。

以下是本单元的一些重要知识点。

1. Cultural RelicsCultural relics refer to the objects, artifacts, or buildings that have historical, scientific, artistic, or cultural value. They are tangible evidence of human civilization and provide valuable insights into the past.2. Types of Cultural RelicsCultural relics can be classified into different categories, including tangible cultural relics and intangible cultural relics. Tangible cultural relics encompass a wide range of physical objects such as sculptures, paintings, pottery, architecture, and archaeological artifacts. Intangible cultural relics, on the other hand, include traditional rituals, music, dance, oral traditions, and craftsmanship.3. Preservation and ConservationPreservation and conservation are crucial for safeguarding cultural relics. It involves various measures to protect and maintain relics for future generations. These methods can include proper storage, temperature and humidity control, restoration, and regular maintenance.4. Significance of Cultural RelicsCultural relics play an essential role in understanding and appreciating different cultures. They provide a connection to our ancestors, offering insights into their way of life, beliefs, and customs. Cultural relics also contribute to the development of tourism and the economy of a country or region.5. Legal ProtectionMany countries have laws and regulations in place to protect cultural relics. The protection of cultural relics helps prevent illegal excavation, smuggling, and destruction of invaluable artifacts. Organizations such as UNESCO also play a significant role in the preservation and promotion of cultural heritage worldwide.6. Cultural Relics in ChinaChina is rich in cultural relics, with a history spanning thousands of years. It boasts numerous world-renowned sites, such as the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and the Terracotta Army. These relics are not only important cultural symbols but also attract millions of tourists each year.7. Cultural Relics' Impact on EducationCultural relics are valuable educational resources. They provide tangible evidence for history lessons and help students to explore and understand different cultures. Museums, cultural heritage sites, and educational institutions often organize exhibitions and events to promote the study and appreciation of cultural relics.8. Role of TechnologyTechnology plays a vital role in the preservation and presentation of cultural relics. Digitalization techniques, such as 3D scanning and virtual reality, allow for detailed documentation and virtual tours of artifacts. This enables wider access to cultural relics and enhances the learning experience.9. Cultural Relics and Sustainable DevelopmentCultural relics can contribute to sustainable development by promoting tourism and generating economic benefits. However, it iscrucial to balance the preservation of relics with responsible tourism practices to ensure their long-term sustainability.总结：本单元的重点是文化遗产及其保护、价值和对教育的影响。