词语替换题

常用词语替换(总20页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可----内页可以根据需求调整合适字体及大小--1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)The way you and I approach today, and each day, is crucial. 我们对待今天以及每一天的方式都是至关重要的。

Whether at work or at home, the goal is to engage in activities that are both persona lly significant and enjoyable.无论在工作中还是在家里，目标都是从事个人重大的并且令人愉快的活动。

=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) Music has been called the universal language. 人们称音乐为世界的语言.Happiness is ubiquitous, may fall short of demand. 幸福无处不在,可还是供不应求.=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) He has received ample praise for the work he did. 他所做的工作，使他获得了广泛的赞美。

This place has plentiful material resources. 这地方的物质资源是丰富的。

=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)We adhere to the principle that everyone should be treated fairly. 我们必须坚持人人都应该被平等对待这一原则。

言语理解与表达题型及讲解重要提示：一、言语理解与表达的题型和解题技巧第一种题型：词语替换从所给的四个选项中选出一个，替换句中划线的局部，尽量使句子的意思保持不变。

【例题】送货上门当然是促销的一个好方法，但如果我们送上门去的不是优质品，甚至是假冒货，又怎能受到客户的欢送呢?A．垂青B．青睐C．表扬D．好感【解答】用“青睐〞替换“欢送〞，最能保持句子的原意。

第二种题型:选词填空。

从所给的四个词或四组词中选出一个或一组来填入句中的空格内，从而使句子的意思表达得最准确。

【例题】旅游胜地名泉多，但“天下第一泉〞就有四处。

而?神州名泉?一书列为天下第一的名泉竟达十处。

到底谁是第一，恐怕陆羽再世，也会感到_____的。

A．苦恼B．怅惘C．劳神D．难断【解答】“苦恼〞是指痛苦烦恼；“怅惘〞是指惆怅迷惘；“劳神〞那么是指精神上的疲劳，因事件难以处理而感到烦恼；“难断〞是指难以作出判断。

此题中只有“难断〞使原文意思表达得最准确。

【例题】对盗伐林木者要严肃查处，如果姑息肇事者，少数人得不到惩办，就会使更多的人_____ ，最终使国家资源蒙受损失。

A．以身试法，肆无忌惮，群起效尤B．肆无忌惮，以身试法，群起效尤C．肆无忌惮，群起效尤，以身度法D．群起效尤，以身试法，肆无忌惮【解答】只有选项C才能使原文意思表达得最准确、最连贯，故正确答案为C。

这两种题型主要考察应试者对词义的辨析，而被辨析的词主要是同义词或意义相近的词，造成了辨析词义的困难。

第三种题型：语句表达。

这种题型注重考查应试人员对于语气、词序、语法结构等在言语表达中的作用的理解程度。

具体的形式有多种，这里仅举五种。

第一种形式：从给出的几句话中选出没有或有歧义的一句。

【例题】以下四句话中有一句既可以这样理解，也可以那样理解，请把这个有歧义的句子找出来：A．他父亲最近到云南去考察工作。

B．新来的老张的助手登台唱了一首歌。

C．房管所的门外停着一辆大卡车。

D．汽车在高速公路上一辆接着一辆驰过。

近义词反义词题目技巧近义词和反义词是语义学中的重要概念。

可以通过积累并熟练掌握这些词汇，有效地提升语言表达能力。

以下是一些近义词和反义词题目的技巧，以及相关的参考内容。

一、近义词题目技巧：1. 同义词替换：在给定的句子中，用与划线部分相近的词语进行替换。

例题：原句：His behavior was really impolite.近义词替换：His behavior was really rude.参考内容：impolite - rude, discourteous, disrespectful, ill-mannered, impudent2. 词义辨析：在给定的句子中，根据上下文理解词义，选择相近但略有不同的词语进行替换。

例题：原句：She made a mistake in the calculation.近义词替换：She made an error in the calculation.参考内容：mistake - error, blunder, fault, slip, oversight3. 近义词群替换：在给定的句子中，将划线部分的词语替换为与之关联的一组近义词。

例题：原句：He is very happy because he won the game.近义词替换：He is very happy because he triumphed in the game.参考内容：happy - pleased, delighted, satisfied, contented, joyful, overjoyed二、反义词题目技巧：1. 反义词替换：在给定的句子中，用与划线部分相反的词语进行替换。

例题：原句：She is a generous person.反义词替换：She is a stingy person.参考内容：generous - stingy, mean, greedy, selfish, niggardly2. 正反义词辨析：在给定的句子中，根据上下文理解词义，选择相近但含义完全相反的词语进行替换。

七年级上册词语运用专项训练一、词语积累。

1. 课本重点词语。

- “朗润”形容山的颜色一下子变得鲜亮、明快、清爽，有豁然开朗的感觉。

如“山朗润起来了”。

- “酝酿”本义是造酒的发酵过程，在文中是说各种气息在空气里，像发酵似的，越来越浓。

- “卖弄”在这里不是贬义词，而是贬词褒用，生动地写出了鸟儿欢快的状态。

2. 近义词辨析。

- “安静”“宁静”“寂静”- “安静”侧重于没有声音、没有吵闹和喧哗，多形容环境或人的状态。

如“教室里很安静”。

- “宁静”强调平静、安静，常用来形容环境、心境等，比“安静”的程度更深一些。

例如“宁静的夜晚”。

- “寂静”表示没有声音，多形容一种空旷、冷清的环境。

如“寂静的山谷”。

- “希望”“盼望”“期望”- “希望”表示心里想着达到某种目的或出现某种情况，既可以作名词也可以作动词。

如“我希望明天是个好天气”。

- “盼望”侧重于殷切地期待，有急切的心情，作动词。

例如“我盼望收到远方朋友的来信”。

- “期望”更多地指对人或事物的未来有所等待和希望，常与“辜负”搭配，如“不要辜负老师的期望”。

3. 成语积累。

- 七年级上册可能涉及到的成语有“花枝招展”，形容女子打扮得十分艳丽。

如“春天像小姑娘，花枝招展的，笑着，走着。

”- “呼朋引伴”，呼唤朋友，招引同伴。

“鸟儿将窠巢安在繁花嫩叶当中，高兴起来了，呼朋引伴地卖弄清脆的喉咙。

”二、词语运用常见题型及解题方法。

1. 选择题。

- 题型示例：下列句子中加点词语使用正确的一项是（）A. 他在大会上的即兴讲话逻辑严密、语无伦次，博得了与会专家的一致好评。

B. 正因为他具有海誓山盟的崇高理想，才在工作中取得了出色的成绩。

C. 它们的叶子和花都不一样，各有各的鲜为人知的秘密。

D. 我们来到郊外，登上开满杂花的小山坡，俯瞰山下的沧海桑田，真是心旷神怡。

- 解题方法：- 首先分析选项A，“语无伦次”表示说话没有条理，与“逻辑严密”矛盾，所以A项错误。

常用词语高级替换名词无论是写作还是翻译时，只要一提到“重要”脑子里闪现的就是“important”？想表达“许多”第一反应就是“many”？同学，如果我说对了的话，那么你的词汇量还只是停留在初中水平！可是随着四六级写作和翻译这两个模块难度的不断提升，如果你不更新你的词汇量，那么你的作文肯定不会得到一个漂亮的分数。

有道学堂学术团队为了帮助大家在考试之前突击扩大词汇量，特隆重推出四六级备考资料包第三季——写作常用词语高级替换系列。

事情（thing [θɪŋ]）business [ˈbɪznəs]【例句】I've got some unfinished business to attend to.【翻译】我还有一些未完的事要处理。

issue ['ɪʃuː]【例句】Is it right for the Church to express a view on political issues?【翻译】教会对政治问题发表看法是否恰当？affair [ə'feə]【例句】The government has mishandled the whole affair.【翻译】政府对整个事件处理不当。

matter ['mætə]【例句】Until the matter is resolved the athletes will be ineligible to compete.【翻译】除非这个问题得以解决，否则这些运动员没有资格参加比赛。

优点（advantage [əd'vɑːntɪdʒ]）virtue ['vɜːtjuː]【例句】The chair has the virtue of being adjustable.【翻译】这种椅子具有可调节的优点。

merit ['merɪt]【例句】They have been persuaded of the merits of peace.【翻译】他们被劝服，认识到了和平的好处。

2016年2013届词汇学考试范围一、词语替换题1’*10=10’1. Economists worldwide have been aware of the rapid economic growth of China.A. commencementB. IncrementC. establishmentD. aliment2. The country has experienced a population increase in the past 20 years.A. accretionB. navigationC. alleviationD. immigration3. The rapid decrease of oil deposit has compelled us to seek new energy resources.A. explorationB. exploitationC. decrementD. deployment4. My only advice is: Wrestle with adversities and stay alive.A. surviveB. surrenderC. surroundD. thrive5. Many traditional conventions came alive after the revolution was over.A. deprivedB. revivedC. revolvedD. involved6. Everyone at the party wanted to dance with the adorable, lively little girl.A. viciousB. vigorousC. victoriousD. vivacious7. All the animals became vivid under the cartoonist’s miraculous paintbrush.A. lifelikeB. realC. likelyD. lovely8. This ginseng extract is formulated to rejuvenate your body and enhance your vitality.A. vigorB. rigorC. valorD. color9. Electricity is the energy that pushes the car forward.A. projectsB. propelsC. protrudesD. provides10. A piece of chimney sticks out from the roof.A. projectsB. propelsC. protrudesD. provides11. The government promised to offer food and shelter for those families afflicted by the earthquake.A. projectB. propelC. protrudeD. provide12. The device is designed to cast computerized graphics onto a screen.A. projectB. propelC. protrudeD. provide13. The meeting has been postponed till next Friday.A. called offB. taken offC. put offD. pulled off14. You can always count on us for assistance.A. rely onB. call onC. put onD. live on15. Completion of the project calls for the collaboration of all departments.A. recommendsB. commendsC. demandsD. commands16. In order to make your points understood, you should avoid using lots of run-on sentences.A. get…intoB. get…acrossC. get…offD. get…around17. Please get rid of the old newspapers.A. impose onB. go awayC. throw awayD. compose18. The Department of Public Safety will look into the information leak.A. instigateB. obligateC. investigateD. interrogate19. I am looking forward to seeing you soon.A. expecting to seeB. looking to seeC. waiting to seeD. going to see20. We have run out of printer toners.A. given upB. set upC. used upD. put up二、选词填空题1’*20=20’1. The king was forced to abdicate under social pressure.2. The new king abolished the ruthless laws established by the former king.3. The gang was charged with abducting and smuggling children to countries in Southeast Asia.4. The passage was abridged from a newspaper article.5. The suspect abandoned his business and absconded with the money.6. Unlike the study of language, the study of medicine requires several years of in-hospital internship.7. Due to the manager’s disapproval, the contract became aborted.8. The unfair contract threw us on a disadvantageous point.9. Being a prostitute, she is regarded as a disgrace to the family.10. I am very pleased to receive the admission notice.11. Please disregard this invoice if you have already paid the bill off.12. With the rapid progress of space science, human exploration of the Mars will not be an impossible mission.13. The CEO is very dissatisfied with the sales performance of the first quarter.14. Petroleum is an unrecyclable natural resource.15. Speaking loudly in the train is a disgraceful act.16. The contract terms are inconsistent throughout the document.17. The 50-year-old airline company is facing bankruptcy.18. Do you know the borderline between affection and love?19. For customer service, please call our toll-free line 94947777.20. Now our technical writers are drafting the proposal against the deadline.21. Use the outline to guide your book writing.22. Many celestial bodies in the universe are planets devoid of water.23. Everyone, when working under pressure, is apt to make mistakes.24. Our mission is to teach the local residents to be aware of the importance of eco-balance.25. The insurance company is investigation which party is liable for the auto accident.26. The president of the Teachers College expects all the graduates to be dedicated to the mission of education.27. Be alert to the rise of your blood pressure.三、配对题0.5’*20=10’四、名词解释5*5’=25’What is a word?Linguists usually define a word as the smallest unit of a language. In fact, a word is only a symbol, a representation of something in life, either physical or abstract.What is lexicology?Lexicology ，a branch of linguistics, deals with the nature, history, use and meaning of words and the relationships between elements of words.What is collocation?Collocations refer to clusters of words or language chunks that have been used together ineveryday communication.Clipping 截短法Clipping is another word formation process from which a new word is formed by dropping one or more syllables from a polysyllabic word such as phone from telephone, such as phone from telephone, and exam from examination.Conversion 转类法Conversion refers to the creation of a new word from an existing word without any change in form. The same word just converts from one part of speech into another part of speech.compounding 复合构词法Compounding is one of the oldest methods of word formation. It refers to the combination of two or more independent words, each of which can function as individual word.morphemes(词素或语素).A morpheme is the smallest part of a word that has grammatical function or meaning. For example, walks, walked, and walking can be analyzed into the morphemes {walk} + {-s},{-ed},and {-ing} respectively.Simile 明喻Simile is a major figurative technique in which two things that are essentially different but similar on one or more aspects are compared.Metaphor 隐喻A metaphor is an implied analogy that suggestively identifies one thing with another.Personification 拟人Personification is a figurative technique by which non-living objects such as things and ideas are endowed with the traits, feelings, actions, characteristics, and even languages of human beings.五、简答题5’*3=15’1. What are the four major methods of creating new words？Give some examples.Derivation派生法is the process by which new words are formed from existing words or roots by adding affixes.self+less+ness Prepay预付prefer更喜欢Combining组合法refers to creating new word by using a combing form.biography传记geography地理学Compounding复合法afterlife死后的生活afterworld阴间，后世Conversion转类法water v/n skin n/v2.Three forms of compounds 复合词的三种形式Solid form 固定形式：Database 数据库website 网址webpage 网页Open form 开放形式：customer service，data protection，data analysisHyphenated form 连接符形式：newly-married，easy-going，rock-and-roll，home-made3. What are the four types of basic meanings?They are 1.grammatical meaning, 2.semantic meaning, 3.contextual meaning and 4.pragmatic meaning.Grammatical meaning refers to the linguistic information that the word in the discourse conveys, such as part of speech (nouns, verbs, adjectives,etc.), verb tense and inflectional paradigm (see, sees, saw, seen, seeing, etc.), singular or plural form of nouns, position and collocations of the words, etc.Semantic meaning is also called lexical meaning. It has two components: conceptual meaning(概念义) and extended meaning（扩展义）. Conceptual meaning is the dictionary meaning and functions as the core meaning. Extended meaning refers to the meaning that is associated with the conceptual meaning.Contextual meaning refers to the meaning derived from the context of communication Pragmatic meaning mainly refers to the influence or intention from the speakers or writers who are using the language.4. What are the five sense relationships?Synonymy 同义关系tall，high picture ，photois a word meaning relationship in which two words have identical or nearly identical meanings. Antonymy 反义关系tall short black whiteis a word meaning relationship in which two words have opposite meaning.Hyponymy 上下义关系plants，trees fruits ，applesrefers to the sense relation that holds between classes and their members.Polysemy 一词多义table表格桌子gorefers to the capacity of a word to have multiple meanings.Homonymy 同形或同音异义词= homograph(同形异义)+ homophone（同音异义）Homograph：bear，bank，bat，lead，presentHomophone：hour/our，air/heir, principle/principal, compliment/complement, dew/due,is, in the strict sense in linguistics, a sense relation in which words share the same spelling and/or the same pronunciation but have different meanings.Left opposite of right past tense of leave5.8 major types of figures of speech•Simile 明喻•Metaphor 暗喻•Personification 拟人•Dehumanization 去人化或非人化•Hyperbole 夸张•Allusion 暗指或用典•Paradox 悖论•Onomatopoeia 拟声6. 5 suggested methods in learning vocabularyUsing knowledge of word formationDeveloping inference skills in readingMaking effective use of dictionariesUsing mnemonic techniquesUsing new words in application六、翻译题Part I 翻译一篇PartⅡ搭配1’*10=10’Noun collocations 名词搭配• A bird’s eye view of鸟瞰•Exit signs 安全出口• A floatation ring 救生圈• A seat belt 安全带• A mass casualty 大量伤亡•Miracle diet 神奇减肥餐•Best sellers 畅销品•Quality time 黄金时段•news briefings 新闻吹风会，新闻发布会Verb collocations 动词搭配•All things considered 全面考虑•Keep to oneself 喜欢独处•Ring in one’s ears在耳边响起•Warn sb against doing sth 警告sb不要做sth •Sting one’s eyes刺痛sb眼•Remind sb of sth 使某人想起•Act on principles 基于……•Bring sb to tears 是某人哭泣Adjective collocations形容词搭配•Be true of 对……真实的，对……也一样•Be hostile to 对……有敌意的•Be impatient with sth 无耐心•Be angry with 生气•Be okay with sb 对sb来说……是可以接受的•Be used to 习惯于•Be grateful for sth 对……感激Preposition collocation•Across time and space 跨域时空•Through no design of one’s own偶然碰到•On behalf of 代表•Be worth doing sth 值得做•Regardless of 不管不顾•In some cases 在某些情况下•For the sake of 为了……的目的•On weekends 在周末。

四年级这词语能否替换说出你的理由语文中考为了检测考生对文本语言的表现力的理解，常常要求考生说明词句不能替换或删除的理由。

这类题有一定难度，解答这类题目时，应紧扣以下几个方面：第一，从词义范围的大小上去分析如《苏州园林》：“苏州园林里都有假山和池沼。

假山的堆叠，可以说是一项艺术而不仅是技术。

”加点的“艺术”与“技术”能否互换?为什么?这两个词有关联，但词义范围大小有别。

“艺术”指富有创造性的方式方法，“技术”则泛指操作方面的技巧。

“艺术”体现了设计者的别具匠心，设计者们追求的是图画美，而技术体现不出，故不能互换。

第二，从词义的轻重程度上去考虑。

第三，从作者用语的感情色彩方面去考虑。

第四，从词的搭配上去辨析。

例如《纪念白求恩》：“晋察冀边区的军民，凡亲身受过白求恩医生的治疗……每一个共产党员，一定要学习白求恩同志的这种真正共产主义者的精神。

”加点的“医生”与“同志”能否互换?为什么?解答此题，要研究原句。

前一句说“军民”对白求恩的医术、医德的感受，“白求恩……的治疗”是个偏正短语，中心语是“治疗”，因此从受治疗的角度讲，称白求恩为“医生”更确切；后一句主语是共产党员，学习的又是白求恩的“共产主义者的精神”，因此称白求恩为“同志”更相宜。

第五，从与上下文的关联与照应上分析。

第六，写人的文章还应从表现人物的性格特征的需要上去思考第七，从表意的严密性和准确性去思考。

主要在说明文和议论文中出现较多。

如《中国石拱桥》：“路面平坦，几乎与河面平行。

”“几乎”一词去掉可以吗？为什么？“几乎”一词不能去掉，因为桥面与路面不是绝对的平行，如果去掉，就变成平行的了，与实际不符，所以不能去掉。

体现了说明文语言准确性的特点。

又如《俭以养德》：“节俭不仅是经济问题，而且还可能牵连到一个人的思想品质。

“可能”一词去掉可以吗？为什么？不可以，因为“可能”限制了“牵连”，既客观地反映了“节俭”对人的思想品质的影响，又防止了认同问题的绝对化，使说理和缓，易于让人接受，体现了议论文语言严密性的特点。

常用词语高级替换-褒义形容词重要的(important [ɪm’pɔːt(ə）nt］）vital ［’vaɪt(ə）l］【例句】She had found out some information of vital importance。

【翻译】她已经发现了一些至关重要的信。

crucial ［'kruːʃ(ə）l]【例句】It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.【翻译】立即着手解决这个问题是至关重要的。

prominent ［'prɒmɪnənt]【例句】This considerable increase in investment played a prominent role in fueling economic growth。

【翻译】投资的较大幅度增加，对拉动经济增长发挥了明显作用。

cardinal [’kɑːd(ɪ)n(ə）l］【例句】Respect for life is a cardinal principle of English law。

【翻译】尊重生命是英国法律最重要的原则.优秀的（good [gʊd］）excellent [’eks(ə)l(ə）nt］【例句】She has always had a high reputation for her excellent short stories.【翻译】她一直因其优秀的短篇小说享有很高的声望。

outstanding ［aʊt’stændɪŋ］【例句】The girl who won the scholarship was quite outstanding.【翻译】得奖学金的女孩是相当优秀的。

extraordinary [ɪkˈstrɔːdnri]【例句】Her strength of will was extraordinary。

常见词语替换大全
介绍
为了使文本表达更加得体、准确，我们需要在写作过程中使用各种词语替换。

本文将为您介绍常见的词语替换，希望能够帮助您提高阅读体验，使文章更具可读性。

动词
说
替换为：表达、陈述、提出、呈现、指出
做
替换为：完成、执行、实现、经营、操作
看
替换为：观察、察看、瞥见、窥视、浏览明白
替换为：懂得、领会、了解、知晓、理解喜欢
替换为：爱好、钟爱、青睐、欣赏、喜爱名词
人
替换为：个人、民众、公众、职员、市民事情
替换为：事件、事项、事务、事态、情况
问题
替换为：难题、困境、疑问、难点、难处优点
替换为：优势、长处、益处、长项、优越性缺点
替换为：不足、欠缺、瑕疵、缺损、缺陷形容词
好
替换为：优秀、出色、精彩、正面、顶尖不好
替换为：糟糕、糟透、缺失、差劣、低劣
容易
替换为：轻松、简易、妥当、顺畅、安逸
困难
替换为：艰苦、艰难、费力、不易、难以
漂亮
替换为：美丽、绝色、秀丽、美观、动人
结论
以上就是常见词语替换的介绍，尽管词语替换可以让文章表达更加得体、准确，但过度替换也会影响文章的连贯度。

因此，在写作过程中请慎重使用词语替换，并根据具体情况使用适当的替换词语。

如何解答“词语替换”类型的题目作者：潘宁来源：《阅读（高年级）》2016年第11期例题引路《装满昆虫的衣袋》这篇课文介绍了昆虫学家法布尔小时候对昆虫非常着迷的故事。

课文中有这样一句话：“这一天，他还捡了好多的贝壳和彩色的石子，把两个衣袋塞得鼓鼓囊囊的。

”能不能把句子中的“塞”换成“装”呢？为什么？在平时的语文学习中，我们常常会遇到这样的练习：请你说说能不能把文章中的某一个词换成另一个词，并且阐述理由。

今天，我们就来聊一聊“如何解答‘词语替换’类型的题目”这个话题。

出色的表达，一定有准确、巧妙的用词。

分析词语能否替换，就是推敲词语运用的巧妙之处。

从下面两段话中，我们先来体会一下词语表情达意的准确性和丰富性。

在南非，每天都有近200名携带艾滋病病毒的婴儿降生，这些孩子中有四分之一活不到自己的第二个生日。

小恩科西的生命力也许是南非所有患艾滋病的孩子中最强的，他竟然一直挺到了上学的年龄。

这段话中的“挺”能换成“坚持”或者“熬”吗？显然不能。

因为“挺”是一种积极的抗争，“熬”是被动消极的，而“挺”比“坚持”更能表现出恩科西面对病魔时的顽强。

但谁也没想到，正方的小冬这家伙却是机灵得像一只蚊子，一见可以下口的地方，就向我们展开进攻。

只见他不慌不忙地走上讲台，又慢条斯理地开始了他的“反动”宣言：“刚才反方的意见，分明是‘阿Q理论’加‘狐狸逻辑’……”在这段话中，作者用了一连串的贬义词，如“一只蚊子” “慢条斯理”“反动宣言”，这些贬义词原来都含有批评否定的意味。

但是用在这里，字里行间却满含着对小冬机敏、善于辩论的欣赏与肯定。

这种贬义词的褒义用法常常让文章塑造的形象更加丰富，这就是词语运用的丰富性。

表态能不能。

分别解释两个词语的意思，看看意思上的差别。

结合原文，分析区别，给出结论。

在比较词语的不同时，我们可以从语义侧重、程度等级、感情色彩等方面去辨析。

一天，贾岛去长安城郊外拜访一个叫李凝的朋友。

他沿着山路找了好久，才摸到李凝的家。