南京师范大学考博英语模拟真题及其解析

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you（1）wonder how it is possible for us to（2）people? Even a skilled writer probably could not describe all the（3）that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child—（4）an animal, such as a pigeon—can learn to recognize faces. We all（5）this ability for granted. We also tell people apart（6）how they behave. When we talk about someone’s personality, we mean（7）in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks, and feels that（8）that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someone’s personality（9）words is somewhat easier than（10）his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looked like, you（11）have a difficult time doing so. But if you were a sked to describe a “nice person,” you（12）（13）, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe （14）a person thinks, feels, and acts. Gordon Airport（15）U.S. psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words（16）differences in people’s behavior. And many of us use this information as a（17）for describing or typing a（18）. （19）military types—people are described with such（20）.问题1选项A.sometimesB.everC.alwaysD.anytime问题2选项A.spotB.locateC.knowD.recognize 问题3选项A.featuresB.charactersC.distinctionsD.qualities问题4选项A.or evenB.and alsoC.and thenD.and too问题5选项A.haveeC.takeD.regard问题6选项A.inB.byC.fromD.with问题7选项A.the mannersB.the meansC.the waysD.the patterns问题8选项A.causesB.causeC.makesD.make问题9选项A.withB.byC.ining问题10选项A.description ofB.describingC.to describeD.describe问题11选项A.willB.wouldC.shallD.should问题12选项A.mayB.canC.mightD.will问题13选项A.considerateB.considerableC.consideringD.concerned问题14选项A.whyB.whenC.howD.what问题15选项A.aB.anC.the waysD.that问题16选项A.characterizingB.characterizeC.characterizedD.to characterize问题17选项A.baseB.foundationC.pointD.criterion 问题18选项A.personB.personalityC.manD.woman问题19选项A.politiciansB.conservativesC.speakersD.scholars问题20选项A.nounsB.nicknamesC.jargonD.terms【答案】第1题:B 第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A第5题:C第6题:B第7题:D第8题:D第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:A第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:D第18题:B第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）did表明句子时态为过去时, 所以ever（曾经）符合原文。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华南师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I have never laid（）to being an expert in this field.问题1选项A.reclaimB.exclamationC.affirmationD.claim【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。

lay claim to “声称……的权力，自称有知识等”。

句意：我从不认为自己是这个领域的专家。

结合句意，故D为正确答案。

2.单选题The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods. For this reason scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example: vibrates or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium atom that -vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein’s relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18, 000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time reading to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences developed would be checked against the differences predicted.1.Scientists expect that the atomic clock will be（）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?3.It could be inferred from the passage that（）.4.The word “vibration” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to（）.5.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?问题1选项A.absolutely accurateB.more precise.C.heat-resistantD.different in vibration问题2选项A.Temperature changes affect the vibration rate of ammonia molecules.B.The rate of vibration of an atom does not vary.C.Einstein’s relativity theories are based on the vibration of atoms.D.Temperature changes may affect the speed at which atoms travel.问题3选项A.precise timekeeping is not possible at allB.scientists expect to disprove Einstein's relativity theoriesC.atomic clocks will be important in space flightD.clock in motion and a dock at rest keep time differently.问题4选项A.pulseB.precisionC.movementD.accuracy问题5选项A.Peacetime use of the atomsB.Atoms and moleculesC.The satellite timekeepersD.The role of the clock in the astronomy【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-华东师范大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Don't leave your bicycle out in the rain. It'll get（）.问题1选项A.rustyB.crudeC.roughD.tough【答案】A【解析】句意：不要将你的自行车放在雨中, 会生锈的。

选项A正确。

2.单选题In our society the unwritten rules of communication discourage the direct expression of emotions. Count the number of genuine emotional expressions you hear over a two-or-three-day period and you’ll discover that emotional expressions are rare. People are generally comfortable making statements of fact and often delight in expressing their opinions, but they rarely disclose how they feel.Not surprisingly, the emotions that people do share directly are usually positive. For example, one study of married couples revealed that the partners shared flattering feelings of face-saving ones. They also willingly disclosed both positive and negative feelings about absent third parties. On the other hand, the husbands and wives rarely expressed face-threatening feelings of hostility.Surprisingly, social rules even discourage too much expression of positive feelings. A hug and kiss for Mother is all right, though a young man should shake hands with Dad. Affection toward friends becomes less and less frequent as we grow older, so that even a simple statement such as “I like you” is seldom heard between adults.A review of research on emotional expression supports the cultural stereotype of the non-emotional male and the more emotional female. As a group, women are more likely than men to express their emotions. They are better at distinguishing between related feelings such as liking and loving, and they are more likely to have more affectionate relationships than men. Of course, these gender differences are statistical average, and there are many men and women who do not fall into these types.1.What is the main ides of this passage?2.People avoid expressing their feelings directly because（）3.Which of the following statements do people tend to express?4.That “Women are better than men in expressing feelings” is（）5.According to the passage, it is surprising that（）问题1选项A.Both adults and children seldom expose their feelings and opinions.B.Society is the real cause of people’s less expression of their affectio n.C.People like to talk freely behind a third person.D.Women are more open than men in expressing their feelings.问题2选项A.they have no time over a two-or-three-day periodB.they feel timid to do soC.they prefer facts to feelingsD.they feel uneasy when they disclose their inner world问题3选项A.Your hairstyle is good, but the color does not suit your skin.B.How should he have left the room in such a mess!C.I’m sorry to say I can’t love you any more.D.It is silly of you to have given up this chance.问题4选项A.a complete cultural stereotypeB.proven by researchC.the traditional prejudiceD.the key to social problems问题5选项A.women are more expressive than menB.husbands and wives tend to please each otherC.people are socially discouraged from expressing their positive feelingsD.people feel comfortable to disclose their negative feelings【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。

7\Part IV (15%)Directions: Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1. He did not want to hurt her, but an itch to dominate pushed him on to say…2.In a dangerous and uncertain world, the strengthening of national defense is the best guaranteeof a nation’s vital interests.3.The ancient waters that brought soil to theses mountain valleys had no way of reaching the sea,so they spread out in shallow lakes.4.While there are literally thousands of stocks, the ones bought and sold most actively areusually listed on the New York Stock Exchange.5.Spanish missionaries who brought their knowledge and their seedlings here from their nativecountry were the first to grow vines here.6.“You’ve got to be careful of these Eastern lawyers. If you are not careful, they’ll take you andturn you inside out.”ura wished that she was not holding that piece of bread-and-butter, but there was nowhereto put it and she couldn’t possibly throw it away.8.The . Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was established to control and abate pollutionin the basic areas of air, water, solid waste, pesticides, noise, and radiation.9.When one individual inflicts bodily injury upon another, such injury that death results, we callthe deed man-slaughter; when the assailant knew in advance that the injury would be fatal, we call his deed murder.ernment provides tax write-offs for corporate philanthropy out of the belief that manycenters of support for socially needed programs help contribute to a dynamic solution to the human problems of society.1. 他不想伤她的感情，但是憋不住的支配欲促使他说……2. 在危机四伏、动荡不安的世界里，巩固国防是一个国家的根本利益的最好保证。