淮滨高中2014阅读4
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2014年华师一附中专县生高中招生语文部分四.阅读理解(16分)阅读下面文章,完成56-60题。
唐翁猎户纪昀族兄中涵知旌德县时,近城有虎暴,伤猎户数人,不能捕。
邑人请曰:“非聘徽州唐打猎,不能除此患也。
”乃遣吏持币往,归报唐氏选艺至精者二人,行且至。
至则一老翁,须发皓然,时咯咯作嗽;童子十六七耳。
大失望,姑命具食。
老翁察中涵意不满,半跪启曰:“闻此虎距城不五里,先往捕之,赐食未晚也。
”遂命役导往。
役至谷口,不敢行。
老翁哂曰:“我在,尔尚畏耶?”入谷将半,老翁顾童子曰:“此畜似尚睡,汝呼之醒。
”童子作虎啸声。
果从林中出,径搏老翁。
老翁手一短柄斧,纵八九寸,横半之,奋臂屹立。
虎扑至,侧首让之。
虎自顶上跃过,已血流仆地。
视之,自颔下至尾闾,皆触斧裂矣。
乃厚遗之。
老翁自言炼臂十年,炼目十年。
其目以毛帚扫之不瞬,其臂使壮夫攀之,悬身下缒②不能动。
《庄子》曰:“习伏众,神巧者不过习者之门。
”信夫!56.下列加点字读音正确的是(3分)A.老翁哂.曰(shài) B.自颔.下至尾闾(hán)C.乃厚遗.之(wâi)D.悬身下缒.不能动(chuí)57.下面句子中“以”字的用法和意义与例句的“以”相同的一项是(3分)例句:其目以.毛帚扫之不瞬A.不以物喜,不以.己悲。
B.牺牲玉帛,弗敢加也,必以.信。
C.无从致书以.观。
D.皆以.美于徐公。
58.解释下列句中加点的字。
(4分)①族兄中涵知.旌德县时()②姑命具食()③其目以毛帚扫之不瞬.()④信.夫()59.请用现代汉语翻译下面的句子。
(4分)老翁手一短柄斧,纵八九寸,横半之,奋臂屹立。
60.唐翁获得一身技艺,轻而易举的战胜老虎的故事,说明了(限15字)的道理。
五.积累运用。
61.读下面的故事,结合语境,根据拼音在横线上写出汉字。
纪晓岚儿时被称为神童。
一次私塾先生考他对对子,老师出上联“两diã豆”, 纪晓岚对下联“一ōu油”。
一、语言文字运用(17分)1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同...的一组是()(3 分)A.媲.美/譬.喻噱.头/穴.位横.财/蛮横.贩.卖/皈.依B.虐.待/戏谑.侵.略/亲.家铁锹./悄.悄赡.养/瞻.仰C.裙裾./拮据.峥.嵘/诤.言聒.噪/恬.淡着.装/着.落D.雾霾./媒.介盘桓./亘.古模.样/模.仿悲恸./恫.吓2.在下列句子的空缺处依次填入成语,最恰当...的一组是(3分)(1)我们多么希望看到这样的一幅图景:一位老人跌倒,周围众多的路人去搀扶、去问候;—个小偷行窃,车内无数的乘客毫不犹豫地去呵斥、去阻止。
(2)很多大学生希望毕业后找到一份工作,稳步发展,可是也有许多人不愿,他们有相对稳定的家庭背景,有工作能力,却在寻找生活的另一种可能性。
(3)以“侃”、“凑”、“加”为核心的剧本写作模式肯定会破坏故事的思想性和整体性,作者对剧中人物的情感也很难做到。
A.不约而同按部就班一以贯之B.不谋而合按部就班水到渠成C.不谋而合人云亦云水到渠成D.不约而同人云亦云一以贯之【解析】3.下列语句中,没有语病....的一项是()(3分)A.近期卫生部表示,将继续密切关注全国以及重点省份流感疫情的形势,加强对流感疫情的分析、研判和监测,对重点省份的流感防控工作予以指导。
B.《江南style》的走红,不仅仅是因为鸟叔的舞步契合了部分人慌张浮躁的心理特点,更主要的是由于对那种拜金主义及暴发的生活方式的反思而形成的。
C.在电影娱乐化倾向日益严重的情况下,对历史的追问,对生命的尊重,对人性的关怀,使《一九四二》成为极具社会责任感的作品。
D.美国总统奥巴马14日在白宫举行新闻发布会说,副总统拜登已向他提交了控枪对策建议,他本周将把这一控枪对策公诸于众。
关系混乱。
六、看多义词,有些句子的语病就出现在词语的多义性上,有些词语因其意义和用法具有多义4.请以平实的语言表述下面材料中画线句子的含意,不超过30字。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试试卷 语 文 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分,其中第Ⅰ卷第三、四题为选考题,其它题为必考题。
考生作答时,将答案答在答题卡上,在本试卷上答题无效。
考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项: 1.答题前,考生务必先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上,认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号,并将条形码粘贴在答题卡的指定位置上。
2.答题时使用0.5毫米的黑色中性(签字)笔或碳素笔书写,字体工整、笔迹清楚。
3.请按照题号在各题的答题区域(黑色线框)内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效。
4.保持卡面清洁,不折叠,不破损。
5.做选考题时,考生按照题目要求作答,并用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目对应的题目涂黑。
第Ⅰ卷 阅读题 甲 必考题 一.现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分) 阅读下面的文字,完成l~3题。
自然作为环境与自然作为其自身是完全不一样的。
自然作为其自身以自身为本位,与人无关。
而自然作为环境,它就失去了自己的本体性,成为人的价值物。
一方面,它是人的对象,相对于实在的人,它外在于人。
但另一方面,当它参与人的价值创造时,就不是人的对象,而是人的一部分,或者说是人的另一体,在这个意义上,环境与人不可分。
自然当其作为人的价值物时,主要有两种情况:一是作为资源,二是作为环境。
资源主要分为生产资源和生活资源。
人要生存和发展,必须要向自然获取生产资源和生活资源,但是必须有个限度,超出限度就可能造成整个生态平衡的严重破坏或某些资源的枯竭。
一般来说,环境比资源外延要大,但更重要的是,资源是人掠夺的对象,而环境是人的家园。
从自然界掠夺资源,不管手段如何,人与自然的关系是对立的;而将自然界看作环境,不管这里的自然条件如何,人总是力求实现与自然的和谐。
对于当今人类来说,重要的是要将自然看成我们的家。
家,不只是物质性的概念,还是精神性的概念。
环境美的根本性质是家园感,家园感主要表现为环境对人的亲和性、生活性和人对环境的依恋感、归属感。
2014普通高中学生学业水平考试语文(一)(满分100分,答题时间90分钟)一、(满分9分,每小题3分)1.下列各句中,成语使用不恰当的一项是()A.洪战辉展示了当代中国青年崇高的人生追求,对那些逆境厄运加身,总是觉得低人一等,自嗟自伤、怨声载道....的人来说,是一个很好的学习榜样。
B.被誉为“华夏民居第一宅”和“山西紫禁城”的王家大院,不仅拥有庞大的建筑群,还保存了大量卓尔不群....、璀璨夺目的“三雕”——砖雕、木雕和石雕艺术精品。
C.以分发给每人一百元钱然后遣散的方式来应对民工集中追索欠款,德龙建筑公司的这种做法也只能是扬汤止沸....,对问题的解决是毫无帮助的。
D.著名导演李安凭借《断臂山》获得78届奥斯卡最佳导演、最佳配乐、最佳编剧三项大奖。
一个华人导演能在世界最具影响力的电影节上获此殊荣,真是匪夷所思....。
2.下列各句中,没有语病的一项是()A.青少年是上网人群中的主力军,但最近几年,在发达国家中60岁以上的老年人也纷纷“触网”,老年人“网虫”的人数激增。
B.据中科院动物研究所初步鉴定,这头金色牦牛是世界上新发现的一种野生动物,并命名为“金丝牦牛”。
C.近年来,在秀丽的南粤大地上,拔地而起的九洲城、海南琼苑、风城大厦等一批多功能新型建筑物,令人流连忘返,构思奇特,巧夺天工。
D.水果营养丰富,但是它的表面常常粘附着对人体有害的细菌和农药,所以食用水果前应该洗净削皮较为安全。
3.下列句子的排序,最恰当的一项是()示现本是佛教用语,指的是佛菩萨应机缘而现种种化身。
______。
_______。
如杜甫《月夜》诗:“今夜鄜月州,闺中只独看。
”“闺中只独看”,就是诗人运用示现修辞手法来描绘想象中的情景。
________。
___________。
语言的示现,同追述的示现相反,是把未来的事情说得好像摆在眼前一样。
_________。
示现作为一种修辞现象,值得我们关注。
①修辞学中的示现是指把实际上不见不闻的事物,说得如闻如见的一种修辞手法②至于悬想的示现,则是把想象中的事情说得在眼前一般,同时间的过去未来全然没有关系③后来人们把这一词语用在修辞学中,当作一种辞格的名称④在修辞学中,示现一般分为三类:追述的、预言的和悬想的⑤追述的示现,是把过去的事迹说得仿佛还在眼前一样A.①④⑤②③B.①③④⑤②C.③①④⑤②D.③④⑤①②二、(满分15分,每小题3分)4.下列方言句子的翻译,不正确的一项是()A.闻道有先后,术业有专攻。
云南省2014年学业水平考试语文模拟试卷第一篇:云南省2014年学业水平考试语文模拟试卷云南省2014年学业水平考试语文模拟试卷【考生注意】:必须在答题卡上指定位置按规定要求作答,答在试卷是一律无效。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题(共47分)一、论述类文本阅读(6分,每小题2分)阅读下面文字,完成1—3题。
探秘南极洲南极大陆,冰天雪地,容易给人没有生命存在的感觉。
但哥伦比亚大学的地球物理学家却认为,南极是有生命存在的。
南极是人类研究最少的陆地。
2007年,研究人员在这里发现了纵横交错的冰下河流,与亚马逊流域的形状非常相似。
美国航天局卫星新近发回的照片和影像资料显示,南极拥有若干个“湖区”,其矿化作用相当积极,倘若没有微生物的参与,这一进程要么无法进行,要么会缓慢得多。
这意味着南极并非一片没有生命的旷野,而是一个丰饶的自然体系,拥有“生命绿洲”。
哥伦比亚大学的地球物理学家斯塔丁格介绍说:“事实上,南极的冰下水系相当庞大,其面积与美国相差无几,堪称全球最大的水域。
那里很可能存在着一个完整的、全新的世界,而10年前这对人类而言是难以想象的。
”他说,即便没有卫星提供的最新图片资料,过去在南极地区进行的研究发现也证明了这一庞大水系的存在,如古老的东方湖、因冰下大陆的运动而引起的冰川漂移等。
南极湖泊的特殊之处在于,他们在3000万—3500万年的漫长时间里完全与外部世界隔绝。
尽管如此,因为有来自陆地深层的热量,河流和湖泊一直都处于运动中。
这表明,数十万年来,与其他大陆一样,南极冰盖下的生命也是在不断发展进化的。
不久前,研究人员在毗邻南极的海域中发现了科学界所不知道的动物物种,如生活在海底的食肉类海绵,他们靠很小的骨针来捕食小型无脊椎动物。
目前,学者们尚难对南极的河流和湖泊数量做出精确统计。
最新的数量是145个,它们都位于4000米深度以下。
明年,专家计划在南极安装配有最新雷达设备的探测器,以推动对南极深处的研究。
研究者认为,南极其实就是一块被厚厚的冰层所覆盖的普通大陆,正是冰盖妨碍了人们对南极的深入了解。
学校 班级 考试证号 姓名 考场号 ………………………………………….密 封 线 中 不 要 答 题………………………………………………………………… 淮安市高中教学协作体2013—2014学年度第二学期期中考试 高一语文试卷 2014.4 时间:150分钟 总分:160分 命题人:田富忠 方华杰 袁启凤 语文Ⅰ试题 一、语言文字运用(15分) 1.下列词语中字音、字形都正确的一组是( )(3分) A . 启碇(dìnɡ) 逡(qūn )巡 钳制 礼上往来 B . 湮没 (yān ) 通衢( qú ) 罡风 茕茕孑立 C . 伛偻(lóu ) 毗连( bǐ ) 攻讦 昙花一现 D . 瞋目(chēn) 缱绻(quǎn ) 赊账 汪洋兴叹 2.下列各句中,没有语病的一句是( )(3分) A .除中国“海巡01”轮发现的可疑脉冲信号外,澳大利亚方面也发现了另一个可疑信号,为多国进一步搜救失联飞机行动带来了新的希望。
B .在乌克兰政府继续作出亲欧举动后,俄罗斯使出杀手锏,不再向乌克兰免费提供天然气,警告乌克兰要么偿还债务并支付现期供应费用,要么面对“断气”。
C. 从学运领袖盲目的诉求,到学生们现场玩自拍、吃零食、谈恋爱的媒体影像来看,围绕以“反服贸”“反黑箱操作”为主题的这场台湾学运就像场自娱自乐的政治嘉年华。
D. 虽然二战烟云沉消快七十年周年了,但是法西斯并没有死亡,谁又能否认日本法西斯的幽灵不会卷土重来呢? 3.阅读下面一段材料,提取关于“诗歌意象”的四个关键词,每点不超过6个字。
(4分) 诗歌创作总是从捕捉“意象”入手,围绕意象的安排和经营完成创作全过程的。
在选取外在种种物象的时候,总是会联想自己人生经历、体验,自然、自主地把自己的主观情感赋在这些对象上,使之成为有机的、相互融合的整体。
它既是现实生活的写照,又是诗人审美创造的结晶和情感意念的载体,诗歌的感染力正在于情感与物象的完美结合。
2014年温一中提前招语文选拔试题一、基础知识及运用(1-3小题每题4分,第4题6分,共18分。
)1.下列词语中加点的字,每对读音都不相同的一组是()A.采撷./诙谐.狭隘./宁谧.隽.永/隽.秀B.贬黜./矗.立棘.手/冲刺.会.计/会.晤C.奢侈./对峙.侪.辈/跻.身下降./降.服D.吞噬./嗜.好骸.骨/弹劾.薄.弱/薄.暮2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当的一项是()郭德纲最近可谓“背”到极点,不仅深陷“圈地”“打人”风波,连苦心经营的德云社也被迫宣布停业整顿。
然而就在人们以为郭德纲的事业恐就此一蹶不振之时,郭德纲团队却展现了其不俗的危机公关能力。
事出仅半个多月,郭德纲就大有缓过气来之势,曾一落千丈的公众形象也有了卷土重来的可能。
A.苦心经营B.一蹶不振C.一落千丈D.卷土重来3.下列句子中,没有语病的一项是()A.其实几乎所有的高端品牌都存在这种困惑:一方面羡慕低廉的中国制造成本,一方面又顾忌中国制造呈现在外的价廉物劣的形象。
B.陶文钊表示,在奥巴马政府看来,目前东亚力量失衡,美国希望重启“东亚平衡”,以期在日趋重要的东亚发挥更大的影响力。
C.19岁那年,钱伟长以中文100分,历史100分,其他各科加起来不到100分考入清华大学,最终进了物理系,而物理他只考了5分。
D.在当天酒会上,华谊兄弟宣布,华谊天意公司将投入巨资,筹拍古典史诗巨作《曹操》,全面而客观地演出乱世枭雄曹操的一生。
4.按要求在下文中的空白处填上适当的语句。
盛名冠中外,高格赛真金。
6月25日,91岁的美术大师吴冠中在依依不舍中①。
据悉,大师对身后事的遗愿极尽淡泊平静,要求不设灵堂,不挂挽联,不摆花圈,不开追悼会……吴冠中对名利虽然淡泊,但对关乎艺术的问题,却一点都不随和。
近年来,他激烈地批评中国的美术水平和体制弊端,认为中国当代艺术市场是“虚假的繁荣”,实际美术水准“落后于非洲”,对文化课要求不高的大学艺术类专业只能培养工匠培养不了艺术家,尤其是还极其尖刻地嘲讽了各级画院,“从中央到地方,养了②”,建议取消各级美协和画院。
2014年全国统一高考英语试卷(新课标Ⅰ)第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分60分)第一节(共15小题;每小题3分,满分45分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AThe Cambridge Science Festival Curiosity ChallengeDare to Take the Curiosity Challenge!The Cambridge Science Festival (CSF) is pleased to inform you of the sixth annual Curiosity Challenge. The challenge invites, even dares school students between the ages of 5 and 14 to create artwork or a piece of writing that shows their curiosity and how it inspires them to explore their world.Students are being dared to draw a picture, write an article, take a photo or write a poem that shows what they are curious about. To enter the challenge, all artwork or pieces of writing should be sent to the Cambridge Science Festival, MIT Museum, 265 Mass Avenue. Cambridge 02139 by Friday, February 8th.Students who enter the Curiosity Challenge and are selected as winners will be honored at a special ceremony during the CSF on Sunday, April 21st. Guest speaker will also present prizes to the students. Winning entries will be published in a book. Student entries will be exhibit and prizes will be given. Families of those who take part will be included in the celebration and brunch will be served.Between March 10th and March 15th, each winner will be given the specifics of the closing ceremony and the Curiosity Challenge celebration. The program guidelines and other related information are available at: .21. Who can take part in the Curiosity Challenge? A. School studentsB. Cambridge localsC. CSF winnersD. MIT artists22. When will the prize-giving ceremony be held? A. On February 8thB. On March 10thC. On April 21stD. On March 15th23. What type of writing is this text? A. An exhibition guide.B. An art show review.C. An announcement.D. An official report.BPassenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers. Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reach its highest point, there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons – a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant birds in the world. Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati.Sadly, the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were abundant, people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands. Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time. The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century, the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood, which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline. Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again.In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons, but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years. The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900. For a time, a few birds survived under human care. The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden in September 1, 1914.24. In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons .A. were the biggest bird in the worldB. lived mainly in the south of AmericaC. did great harm to the natural environmentD. were the largest bird population in the US25. The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons’ .A. escapeB. ruinC. liberationD. evolution26. What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A. To seek pleasureB. To save other birdsC. To make moneyD. To protect crops27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A. It was ignored by the publicB. It was declared too lateC. It was unfairD. It was strictCA typical lion tamer(驯兽师)in people’s mind is an entertainer holding a whip (鞭)and a chair. The whip gets all of the attention, but it’s mostly for show. In reality, it’s the chair that does the important work. When a lion tamer holds a chair in front of the lion’s face, the lion tries to focus on all four legs of the chair at the same time. With its focus divided, the lion becomes confused and is unsure about what to do next. When faced with so many options, the lion chooses to freeze and wait instead of attacking the man holding the chair.How often do you find yourself in the same position as the lion? How often do you have something you want to achieve(e.g. lose weight, start a business, travel more)--- only to end up confused by all of the options in front of you and never make progress?This upsets me to no end because while all the experts are busy debating about which option is best, the people who want to improve their lives are left confused by all of the conflicting information. The end result is that we feel like we can’t focus or that we’re focused on the wrong things, and so we take less action, make lessprogress, and stay the same when we could be improving.It doesn’t have to be that way. Anytime you find the world waving a chair in your face, remember this: All you need to do is focus on one thing. You just need to get started. Starting before you feel ready is one of the habits of successful people. If you have somewhere you want to go, something you want to accomplish, someone you want to become … take immediate action. If you’re clear about where you want to go, the rest of the world will either help you get there or get out of the way.28. Why does the lion tamer use a chair? A. To show off his skills.B. To trick the lion.C. To get ready for a fight.D. To entertain the audience.29. In what sense are people similar to a lion facing a chair? A. They feel puzzled over choices.B. They hold on to the wrong things.C. They find it hard to make changed.D. They have to do something for show.30. What is the author’s attitude towards the experts mentioned in Paragraph 3? A. TolerantB. DoubtfulC. RespectfulD. Supportive31. When the world is “waving a chair in your face”, you’re advised to .A. wait for a better chanceB. break your old habitsC. make a quick decisionD. ask for clear guidanceDAs more and more people speak the global languages of English, Chinese, Spanish, and Arabic, other languages are rapidly disappearing. In fact, half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century, according to the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).In an effort to prevent language loss, scholars from a number of organizations--- UNESCO and National Geographic among them---have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.Mark Turin, a scientist at the Macmillan Center, Yale University, who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas, is following in thattradition. His recently published book, A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture, grows out of his experience living, looking and raising a family in a village in Nepal.Documenting the Tangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin, who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayans reaches of India, Nepal, Bhutan, and China. But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of important materials---including photographs, films, tap recordings, and field notes---which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.Now, through the two organizations that he has founded---the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project---Turin has started a campaign to make such documents, found in libraries and stores around the world, available not just to scholars but to the youngers.Generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected. Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet. Turin notes, the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.32. Many scholars are making efforts to .A. promote global languageB. rescue disappearing languagesC. search for language communitiesD. set up language research organizations33. What does “that tradition” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A. Having full records of the languages.B. Writing books on language teaching.C. Telling stories about language users.D. Living with the native speakers.34. What is Turin’s book based on? A. The cultural studies in India.B. The documents available at Yale.C. His language research in Bhutan.D. His personal experience in Nepal.35. Which of the following best describes Turin’s work? A. Write, sell and donate.B. Record, repair and reward.C. Design, experiment and report.D. Collect, protect and reconnect.第二节(共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项,选项中有两项为多余选项。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(辽宁卷)语文注意事项:1. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)和第Ⅱ卷(表达题)两部分。
答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 作答时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第Ⅰ卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读(9分,每小题3分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
有人会说,幸福这个东西很难说,好像是很主观的感觉,很难有统一的标准。
确实是这样,每个人对幸福的理解是不一样的。
但是,你若深入地问为什么会不一样,其实还是有标准的。
一个人对幸福的理解,从大的方面来说,其实是体现了价值观的,就是你究竟看重什么。
古希腊哲学家亚里士多德曾经说过:幸福是我们一切行为的终极目标,我们做所有的事情其实都是手段。
一个人想要赚钱赚得多一点,这本身并不是目的,他是为了因此可以过上幸福的生活。
有人可能就要反驳了:我不要那么多钱,也可以幸福,比如说我读几本好书,就会感到很幸福。
其实对后一种人来说,读书就是他获得幸福的手段。
对于什么是幸福,西方哲学史上主要有两种看法、两个派别。
一派叫做“快乐主义”,其创始人是古希腊哲学家伊壁鸠鲁。
近代以来,英国的一些哲学家,如亚当〃斯密、约翰〃穆勒、休谟对此也有所阐发。
这一派认为,幸福就是快乐。
但什么是快乐?快乐就是身体的无痛苦和灵魂的无烦恼。
身体健康、灵魂安宁就是快乐,就是幸福。
他们还特别强调一点,人要从长远来看快乐,要理智地去寻求快乐。
你不能为了追求一时的、眼前的快乐,而给自己埋下一个痛苦的祸根,结果得到的可能是更大的痛苦。
另一派叫做“完善主义”。
完善主义认为,幸福就是精神上的完善,或者说道德上的完善。
他们认为人身上最高贵的部分,是人的灵魂,是人的精神。
你要把这部分满足了,那才是真正的幸福。
这一派的代表人物是苏格拉底、康德、黑格尔等,包括马克思,他们强调的是人的精神满足。
这两派有一个共同之处,那就是,都十分强调精神上的满足。
淮滨高中2014—2015学年高三英语 阅读理解(四) 编写人:高侠 陈蕊 审定人:张云天 时间:2014年1月 考点四 词义/句义猜测题 在阅读理解测试中,同学们遇到的一个很大的难题就是生词。一方面,同学们很难百分之百地将大纲所要求的词汇全部掌握;另一方面,阅读篇章中又允许有适当的生词出现。因此同学们必须要学会根据上下文或词的构成来判断其含义的能力。虽然这类题也是针对细节进行提问,但不同之处是它是唯一针对词或短语表达而设计的,因此我们将其单独列出。这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种: According to the author,the underlined word“„”means_______ From the passage,we can infer that the word“„”is___________ The term…. can be best replaced by__________ As used in the line...,the word“„”refers to_________ What does the author probably mean by“„”? By“…”,the author means that_________ 技巧一 根据构词法(转化、合成、派生)进行判断 在英语中,有很多词可以在前面加前缀(prefix),或在后面加后缀(suffix),从而构成一个词,乍看起来,这个词可能是生词,但掌握了一定的构词法,就不难猜出它的词义。 【典例】 “Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,”Anaclerio said,“and they’re very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.” Which does the underlined word“interactive”most prcbably mean? A. attractive B. about encouragement of each other C. forceful D. interesting 【答案】B 【解析】文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的,活跃的)构成的,同时根据上下文的意思可以判断,该词的含义应是“互动的”。 技巧二根据上下文解释做出判断 有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语,下面接着出现其定义域或解释,这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。 【典例】 Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre .offers a wide variety of choices-deluxe sedans,minivans,station wagons,coaches,Santana sedans are the big favorite. The words“deluxe sedans,”“minivans”and“station wagons”used in the text refer to____ A. cars in the making B. car rental firms C. cars for lent D. car makers 【答案】C [解析]从前面的Car Rental Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是cars for rent出租汽车),也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。 技巧三 根据上下文的指代关系进行选择 文章中的代词it, that, he, him或them可以指上文提到的人或物,其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远,要认真查找;有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结,才能得出代词所指代的事。 【典例】 In 1901, H.G.Wells,an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers landed on the moon,they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities.They expressed their surprise to the“moon people”they met. In turn,the“moon people" expressed their surprise.“Why,”they asked,“are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?” H .G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However,the question that the“moon people”asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it. What does the underlined word“it”(Paragraph 2)refer to? A.Discovering the moon’s inner space. B. Using the earth’s inner space. C. Meeting the “moon people" again. D. Traveling to outer apace. [答案]B [解析]首先,it指上句中的the question, 而the question又指上一段中“月球人”所提的问题,所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。 技巧四 据转折或对比关系进行判断 根据上下句的连接词,如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别,从而依据某一句的含义,来确定另一句的含义。另外,分号;也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。 【典例】 A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun. What does the underlined word“hassle”probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble D. a demand made by guests [答案]C [解析]分号前后为对比关系。A child's birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun。从上下句可以看出,hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义,也就是a situation causing difficulty or trouble。 技巧五 根据因果关系进行判断 俗话说,“有因必有果,有果必有因”。根据原因可以预测结果,根据结果也可以找出原因。 【典例】 Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others. From the passage,we can infer that the word“autocratic means_______ A. friendly to others B. modest and kindly C. sticking to one’s own opinion D. hardworking 【答案】C [解析]根据原因状语从句的内容,我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。 技巧六 根据同位关系进行判断 阅读中有时出现新词、难词,后面就跟着一个同位语,对前面的词进行解释,有时这种解释也用连词"or"连接 【典例】 …and other Germanic and Nordic peoples.who spoke what we now call Anglo-Saxon (or old English), a Germanic language. What does the underlined word“Anglo-Saxon”mean? A. an old people of ancient England B. an old castle in ancient England C. an old type of English language D. a German language 【答案】C 解析l其中old English, a Germanic language都是解释Anglo-Saxon的。 技巧七 利用文章中的举例来猜测词义 在阅读理解中读者可以用从具体到一般,根据文章所举的例子,猜出该生词的意思。 【典例】 Anyone choosing to take up this free service will receive a recorded message directly to their home,business or pager telling them of the level of warming,giving then, as much time as possible to carry out their flood plan and save items that cannot be replaced if lost or damaged,such as photographs or children’s、favorite toys. What does the underlined word“pager”mean in the passage? A.A boy employed to carry luggage in hotels. B. A piece of equipment designed to receive and show messages. C. A page of papers written to offer messages. D. A person invited to write pages of messages. [答案]B 【解析】pager与their home, business并列,有此可知道它是一个