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英语习语中数字的妙用

英语习语中数字的妙用
英语习语中数字的妙用

英语习语中数字的妙用

一、数词在英语习语中的运用形式

(一) 数词单用。即单独使用一个数词与其它的词一起构成习语的形式。这种构成形式的英语数词习语很多。表达的内容也十分丰富。如:

the fifth column 第五纵队

sweet seventeen 妙龄少女

catch 22 进退两难

t0 be in the seventh heaven 极为快乐

(二) 数词多用。即在数词习语中使用两个和多个数词。这类习语常常用来说明事情的两个方面或强调某一方面;或夸张、或概括、或对比地使论述的对象具体化、形象化。习语中的

数词或重复、或连用、或对举,形式多样。如:

twenty and twenty 不可胜数

One,two,three,four,are just half a score.一、二、三、四加一块儿,恰是二十之一半。

Two heads are better than one. 两人智慧胜一人

One eye—witness is better than hearsays.百闻不如一见

two eyes upon ten fingers 谨防窃贼

二、英语习语中数词的语义特点

由于习语大多是在一定的社会环境中和一定的历尘条件下各民族人民相互不断地言传而沿袭下来的固定短语.其概括性很强,一般都具有“肓外之意”,习语中数词的语义也因此显得捉摸不定。英语习语中的数词的语义和语用功能随着时代的变迁和语言词汇自身的发展也在不断地丰富或变化。一部分还具有数量概念;另一部分则具有引中和转移的意义。表达了更多的内涵。运用更加广泛。

(一) 习语中数词具有数量概念。

1.体现数词本义。表实际数目。如,

kill two birds with one stone 一石二鸟

the Seven Deadly Sins (基督教中)七种不可宽恕的罪行

Rome was not built in one day. 罗马非一日建成。

Three score and ten is the age of man.人生七十不稀罕。

2.体现数词本义,不表示实际数目。即习语中的数词虽然具有数量概念,但并不指实际的数日,而是一种虚指,具体有以下几种情形:

(1) 表数量少、程度小。如:

five and ten 廉价商店

two or three 少数的

0De swallow doesn’t make a summer 一燕不成夏:独木不成林

a nine days wonder 一时的新鲜

(2) 表数量多、程度大。如。

a thousand and one 许许多多.无数

to talk nineteen to the dozen 喋喋不休:滔滔不绝

strike twelve 达到最高目标

to be on a cloud nine 喜气洋洋;高兴万分

(3) 表两种事物在数量和程度上的大致相等。如:six of one and half a dozen of the other半斤八两

one dog,one bull 一兵对一卒;公平竞争

ninety—nine out of a thousand 差不多:总是

(4) 表对比。即习语中使用两个数词,在意义表达上形成对比和映衬。如,

ten to one 十拿九稳

Four eyes see better than two. 一人计短,两人计长;集思广益

0ne coward makes a dozen.一人害怕.众人退缩

0ne bee is better than a hundred flies. 百只苍蝇不如一只蜜蜂

(二) 习语中数词词义的引申和转移。如果说以上所举的例子中数词还具有数量概念的话,那么下面这些英语习语中的数词的本义则完全销声匿迹了。如:

1.one-horse town.

这一短语源自美阑。由小镇仅拥有一匹马而来。现代英语

使用中引申为“乡村小镇”.其中one—horse表示“极小的、简陋的、次要的”意思,如one-horse show (小型展览套)。

2.three sheets in the wind.

“sheet”原指系在帆下角的金属环上的帆脚索.但如果帆

脚太松,使得船只失控而随风飘流的话,便说成“the sheet in the wind”。19世纪初英国海上的水手开始引用“a sheet in the wind”来形容一个人喝醉酒。而“three sheets in the wind”自然是“大醉而特醉”了。

3.the upper ten.

这一习语由the upper ten thousand简缩而来。第一个使用这一说法的是十九世纪美国的一名颇有见地的记者N.P.威利斯,他所指的是当时纽约的上流社会人物现在指“贵族阶层;社会精华”。限于篇幅,以上只是稍举数例以求窥一斑而见全豹,其实英语习语中诸如此类的习语还有很多,如:

behind the eight ball (处境危险,无可救药),the six—foot way (铁路),dressed up to the nines(衣着华丽)。to arrive at the eleventh hour (在最后时刻到来),the sixth—four dollar question(最后的和最困难的问题)等等。这些习语一般都有出处。可以引出一段关于西方文化背景的故事,颇有趣味,在此不再赘述。

三、英语习语中数词的修辞效果

习语是语言中重要的修辞手段。是各种修辞手段的集中表现。数词既能反映客观事物的数量,叉能增强语言的表现力,使语言生动形象、活泼有趣。英语习语中有了数词的修饰和限制,其表意更为具体、鲜明、深刻,丰富了习语的表达魅力,具有明显的修辞效果。

(一) 头韵或尾韵。利用数词形成习语的音韵之美,读来通顺,听来人耳,生动有力,加强了习语的感染力。如:

at sixes and sevens 乱七八糟

Once bitten,twice shy.一朝被蛇咬,十年怕井绳

sevens and elevens 侥幸取胜

(二) 比喻。利用数词设喻,使表达的内容更为形象。如:

She has become one with the villagers.她已和当地村民打成一片。

New York’s Four Hundred can generally be counted on for good copy.纽约的上流人士通常被指望是好的新闻材料。

第一句用数词习语become one比喻水乳相融的情景(相当于汉语成语“位水一家”),简单明了,通俗贴切。第二句的数词习语the Four Hundred始自1892年。当时纽约名流William Astor夫人决定把参加她私人舞会的客人减少至四百.以后人们便把(the)Four Hundred比喻为“上流人士”。知其来源,便知

此数词短语设喻形象人微。

(三) 夸张。利用数词对所描述的事物夸大和缩小,故意言过其实,以达到渲染气氛、抒发感情、幽默诙谐的艺术效果,给读者留下深刻的印象。如:

Thanks a million.非常感谢。

Jurgis was a young giant,broad of back,full of vigor,a working-man in a thousand.尤格斯年轻而高大魁伟.肩宽背阔,精力充沛,是个千里挑一的干活人。

A fool may ask more questions in an hour than a wise man can answer in seven years.一个傻瓜提出的问题.聪明人七年也答不完。

(四) 寓意。习语中运用多个数词形成强烈对比或层层递进的关系,以形象的形式说明抽象的概念或深刻的道理,读来发人深思,回昧无穷。如:

One father can support ten children;ten children cannot support one father.一父能养十子,十子难养一父。

A horse may stumble though he has four legs.智者千虑.必有一失。

Two cats and a mouse,two wives in one house,two dogs and a bone,never agree in one.两猫逮一鼠,二妇侍一夫,双狗争一骨,永远难和睦。

One boy is a boy,two boys half a boy,three boys no boy.

一个和尚挑水喝,两个和尚抬水喝,三个和尚没水喝。

(五) 委婉。运用数词含蓄、婉转、文雅地表达那些粗俗的、生硬的、直率的或令人不快的内容。如:go to the fourth上厕所

A for 一four 妓女

third ear 告密者

five—by—five 矮胖的

当然,英语习语中数词修辞作用并不仅限于以上几种,而且往往是几项修辞手段的综合运用,因此我们在学习和使用应多加注意。总之,数词在英语习语中的妙用赋予了英语习语以极大的语言魅力,准确理解和掌握其语义特征及修辞特色,对于扩大我们的知识视野、丰富我们的英语表达能力及提高我们对英语文化的学习兴趣都有很大的帮助。

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英语习语大全 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020

1.Abadbeginningmakesabadending.不善始者不善终。 2.Abadcompromiseisbetterthanagoodlawsuit.吃亏的和解也比胜诉强。 3.Abadthingneverdies.坏事遗臭万年。 4.Abadworkmanalwaysblameshistools.拙匠常怨工具差,不会撑船怪河弯。 5.Abarkingdogisbetterthanasleepinglion.吠犬也比睡狮强。 6.Abirdinthehandisworthtwointhebush.一鸟在手胜过双鸟在林。 7.Aboasterandaliararecousins-german.吹牛与说谎本是同宗。 8.Abookthatremainsshutisbutablock.有书不读,书变木头。 9.Abullyisalwaysacoward.色厉内荏。 10.Aburdenofone'schoiceisnotfelt.爱挑的担子不嫌重。 11.Acandlelightsothersandconsumesitself.蜡烛照亮别人,却奉献了自己。 12.Acathasninelives.猫有九命。 13.Acatmaylookataking.小人物也该有权利。 14.Aclosedmouthcatchesnoflies.病从口入,祸从口出。 15.Aconstantguestisneverwelcome.常客令人厌。 16.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.事实胜于雄辩。 17.Adversityleadstoprosperity.穷则思变。多难兴邦 18.Adversitymakesamanwisenotrich.逆境出人才。 19.Afairdeathhonorsthewholelife.死得其所,流芳百世。 20.Afaithfulfriendishardtofind.知音难觅。 21.Afallintoapit,againinyourwit.吃一堑,长一智。

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Care kill a cat. 忧虑愁死猫。 black sheep of the family 害群之马 eat like a horse 吃得很多 eat like a bird 吃得很少 Don't be chicken. 别害怕。 When pigs fly. 永无可能的事。 As quiet as a mouse. 蹑手蹑脚。 Every dog is a lion at home. 狗在家门口就成了狮子。 dark horse 黑马 The early bird catches the first worm. 早起的鸟儿有虫吃。 crocodile tears 鳄鱼的眼泪 A little bird told me. 有人私下告诉我。 Go to the sea, if you would fish well. 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 Kill two birds with one stone. 一石二鸟,一箭双雕。 dead duck 必然要完蛋的人 A cat has nine lives. 猫有九条命。 a pig in the poke 上当之货 Every dog has his day. 凡人皆有得意时。 a big fish pound 大人物 bell the cat 挺身而出 A bird in the hands is worth two in the bush. 双鸟在林,不如一鸟在手。Cats hide their claws. 知人知面不知心。 a lion in the way 拦路虎

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1.

2. s heriff with a sneer… ‘Now you get out of here fast!’可以判断只有d. didn’t believe that they were famous actors 是课文所暗示的情况,其他3个选择都与课文内容无关。 3. c 前一句中的too perfect 意思为“过分完美”,本句需要找出与它含义接近的表达方式。 a. perfect 完美, b. quite perfect 相当完美, c. more perfect than is convenient(非常的,超常的完美) d. almost perfect(几乎完美的)中,只有c.同too perfect 的含义最接近。 4. c 本句是一个感叹句,需要一个合适的感叹词引导。a. How 和 d. How a 都不符合语法,因为它们不能修饰名词place; b. What 可以修饰名词,但是place 是可数名词,因此还应该有不定冠词a 才正确;只有c. What a 最符合语法,所以选c. 5. d 前面的句子中的Why don't 结构常用来提出建议,它的含义是"我们应该经常来",只有选d.

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