国际贸易实务名词翻译
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1.Uneven distribution2. comparative advantage3. absolute advantage.4 cost advantage5 market share6 economies of scale7 labor /capital /tech/resourceintensive economy8 supplying /demanding country1.2.比较优势3绝对优势4.成本优势5.市场份额6 规模经济7劳动/资金/技术/资源密集型经济8供给/需求国9. Foreign/local currency10. Exchange rate11. Target market12.Export license13.Quota14. Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade9. 外/本币10. 汇率11. 目标市场12.出口许可证13. 定量、配额14: (进、出口、过境)贸易15.Credit referencemodity inspection17.Customs clearance18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade19.International/Domestic trade20.Export license15.资信证明16.商检17. 清关、结关18. 直接、间接、转口贸易19.国际、国内贸易20 出口许可证21.General/Special trade22.Direct / Indirect trade23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade24.:settlement instrument:Barter/ free-liquidation trade 21. 一般贸易/特殊贸易22.直接/间接贸易23.有形、无形产品贸易24.易货、自由结算贸易mate’s receipt收货单、大副收据shipping note装货通知单the bill of lading提单shipping advice 发货通知书1.consumer durables2.quote a price3.cross-border transactions4.customary practice5.loading fee6.dividing line7.actual delivery1.耐用消费品2. 报价3. 跨境(国界)交易4. 惯例5. 装载费6. 分界线7. 实际交货10.arrival contract11. Customs clearance12. Customs formalities13. delivery14. inspection15. Means of transport10. 到达合同11. 清关、结关12. 报关手续13. 交货14. 检验15. 运输工具16.Mode of transport17. Shipment contract18. Symbolic delivery19. Transfer of risks16. 运输方式17.装运合同19. 象征交货20. 风险转移1: INCOTERMS 2010(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC1.2010年国际贸易术语(通则)2.国际商会3.美国对外贸易定义修正本4.质量控制、质量管理1.EXW (EX works) 工厂交货2.FCA (Free Carrier) 货交承运人3.CPT (Carriage Paid To) 运费付至4.CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to) 运费、保险费付至5.DAT (Delivered At Terminal) 运输终端交货6.DAP (Delivered At Place) 目的地交货7.DDP (Delivered Duty Paid) 完税后交货8.FAS (Free Along Side) 船边交货9.FOB (Free On Board) 船上交货10.CFR (Cost and Freight) 成本加运费11.CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight) 成本、保险加运费•1:FOB liner terms (FOB班轮条件) :•buyer for all•2:FOB under tackle(FOB吊钩下交货):•buyer pays from the moment goods under the tackle•3:FOB –stowed(FOB包括理舱费):•seller loading and stowing•4:FOB Trimmed (FOB包括平舱费): seller loading、trimming •5:FOB stowed and trimmed (FOB包括理、平舱费•seller loading \stowing and trimming1、firm offers2、offeror3、offeree4、terminate5. acceptance6 Counter-offer7. enquiry8. irrevocable offer9 withdraw of an offer1.实盘2.发盘方(人)3.受盘方(人)4.终止5.接受6.还盘7.询价8.不可撤销发盘9.撤回发盘9 Validity period10quotation of an offer11Quote12CISG(United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)9有效期10 报盘12 国际货物销售合同公约形式发票(Proforma Invoice)报价单(Quotation)订单(Order)Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费•执事先生:••从澳大利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。
国际贸易专有名词及翻译第一篇:国际贸易专有名词及翻译1.Uneven distributionparative advantage3.absolute advantage.4 cost advantagemarket share economies of scale labor /capital /tech/resource intensive economy supplying /demanding country 1.2.比较优势 3绝对优势4.成本优势5.市场份额 6 规模经济7劳动/资金/技术/资源密集型经济8供给/需求国9.Foreign/local currency 10.Exchange rate 11.Target market 12.Export license 13.Quota 14.Cargo flow : import/export /transit trade 9.外/本币 10.汇率 11.目标市场 12.出口许可证 13.定量、配额14:(进、出口、过境)贸易 15.Credit referencemodity inspection 17.Customs clearance18.Direct /indirect/ Entrepot trade 19.International/Domestic trade 20.Export license15.资信证明16.商检17.清关、结关18.直接、间接、转口贸易19.国际、国内贸易20 出口许可证21.General/Specialtrade 22.Direct / Indirect trade23.Forms of good: Visible/ Invisible Goods trade24.:settlement instrument:Barter/ free-liquidation trade21.一般贸易/特殊贸易22.直接/间接贸易23.有形、无形产品贸易 24.易货、自由结算贸易mate’s receipt收货单、大副收据 shipping note装货通知单the bill of lading提单shipping advice 发货通知书1.consumer durables2.quote a price3.cross-border transactions4.customary practice5.loading fee6.dividing line7.actual delivery 1.耐用消费品2.报价3.跨境(国界)交易4.惯例5.装载费6.分界线7.实际交货10.arrival contract 11.Customs clearance 12.Customs formalities 13.delivery 14.inspection15.Means of transport 10.到达合同 11.清关、结关 12.报关手续 13.交货 14.检验 15.运输工具16.Mode of transport17.Shipment contract 18.Symbolic delivery19.Transfer of risks16.运输方式17.装运合同 19.象征交货20.风险转移1: INCOTERMS 2010(Rules for the interpretation of Trade Terms 2010)2:ICC3:RAFD(Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions)4: QC1.2010年国际贸易术语(通则)2.国际商会3.美国对外贸易定义修正本4.质量控制、质量管理1.EXW(EX works)工厂交货2.FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人3.CPT(Carriage Paid To)运费付至4.CIP(Carriage and lnsurance Paid to)运费、保险费付至5.DAT(Delivered At Terminal)运输终端交货6.DAP(Delivered At Place)目的地交货7.DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货 8.FAS(Free Along Side)船边交货9.FOB(Free On Board)船上交货10.CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费11.CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight)成本、保险加运费• 1:FOB liner terms(FOB班轮条件): •buyer for all• 2:FOB under tackle(FOB吊钩下交货):buyer pays from the moment goods under thetackle • 3:FOB –stowed(FOB包括理舱费): • seller loading and stowing• 4:FOB Trimmed(FOB包括平舱费): seller loading、trimming • 5:FOB stowed and trimmed(FOB包括理、平舱费•seller loading stowing and trimming1、firm offers2、offeror3、offeree4、terminate 5.acceptance 6 Counter-offer7.enquiry8.irrevocable offer 9 withdraw of an offer1.实盘2.发盘方(人)3.受盘方(人)终止 5.接受 6.还盘7.询价8.不可撤销发盘9.撤回发盘9 Validity periodquotation of an offer 11 Quote CISG(United Nations Convention on Contracts of International Sales of Goods)9有效期报盘国际货物销售合同公约形式发票(Proforma Invoice)报价单(Quotation)订单(Order)Prices quoted should include insurance and freight to Liverpool.报价应包括到利物浦的保险费和运费• 执事先生:•从澳大利亚大使馆得悉贵公司在澳大利亚是出口羊毛材料的一家大公司。
国际贸易实务术语总结国际贸易实务术语总结一、国际贸易基础术语1.出口1.1 出口商●定义:指将货物或服务销售到国外的企业或个人。
●解释:在国际贸易中,出口商负责将产品或服务出售到其他国家,以扩大市场规模和增加收入。
1.2 出口合同●定义:出口商与国外买家签署的销售合同。
●解释:出口合同是一份法律文件,详细规定了双方的权利和义务,包括产品描述、价格、付款方式、交货条件等内容。
2.进口2.1 进口商●定义:指从国外购买货物或服务的企业或个人。
●解释:进口商是国内市场购买国外产品或服务的主体,负责与国外供应商进行谈判、采购和支付相关费用。
2.2 进口许可证●定义:进口商品需要经过审批才能进口的执照。
●解释:部分国家对某些商品设定了进口限制,需要获得相应的进口许可证才能进口,以确保符合相关规定和标准。
3.关税3.1 关税税则●定义:对进口和出口货物征收关税的规定。
●解释:关税税则是国家制定的对不同商品征收关税的分类和计费依据,用于控制进出口商品的流动、调节国内产业竞争和提供财政收入。
3.2 最惠国待遇●定义:国家按照最低关税税率对其他国家征收关税的待遇。
●解释:根据最惠国待遇原则,对于不同国家的商品,应按照最低关税税率来征税,以确保公平贸易和避免不合理的贸易壁垒。
4.贸易术语4.1 CIF●定义:成本、保险费和运费(Cost, Insurance and Freight)。
●解释:CIF是一种国际贸易术语,表示卖方负责支付货物运输至目的港口的成本、保险费用和运费,并承担货物海上运输风险,买方负责支付进口关税和其他费用。
4.2 FOB●定义:离岸价格(Free On Board)。
●解释:FOB是一种国际贸易术语,表示卖方将货物交到装船的港口,并负责将货物装上船,买方负责支付货物运输费用、海上保险费用和进口关税等费用。
二、附件本文档涉及的附件包括:●出口合同范本●进口许可证申请表格●关税税则说明文档●贸易术语解释表格三、法律名词及注释1.出口管制:指国家对出口商品或技术实行的限制,以维护国家安全和利益。
国际贸易名词中英文对照第一章国际贸易概论中文名称英文名称国际贸易International Trade对外贸易Foreign Trade国际贸易差额Balance of Trade贸易依存度Degree of Dependence on Foreign Trade贸易条件Trade Terms出口贸易Export Trade进口贸易Import Trade关税与贸易总协定General Agreement on Tariff and Trade,GATT 国际货币基金组织International Monetary Fund,IMF国际复兴与开发银行(世界银行)International Bank for Reconstruction and Development,IBRD(World Bank)世界贸易组织World Trade Organization,WTO服务贸易总协定General Agreement on Trade in Services,GATS与贸易有关的知识产权协定Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights,TRIPs第二章国际贸易政策与措施中文名称英文名称进口税Import Duties出口税Export Duties普遍优惠制Generalized System of Preference反补贴税Counter-Vailing Duty反倾销税Anti-Dumping Duty海关税则Customs Tariff非关税壁垒Non-Tariff Barriers,NTBS出口加工区Export Processing Zone保税区Bonded Area第三章商品的品质、数量和包装中文名称英文名称商品名称/品名Name of Commodity国际标准化组织International Organization for Standardization,ISO公吨Metric Ton,M/T件Piece套Set毛重Gross Weight净重Net Weight公量Condition Weight溢短装条款More or Less Clause散装货Bulk Cargo,Cargo in Bulk纸箱Carton木箱Wooden Case运输标志/唛头Shipping Mark指示性标志Indicative Mark警告性标志Warning Mark第四章国际贸易术语和国际贸易中的价格条款中文名称英文名称国际贸易术语Trade Terms国际贸易术语解释通则International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms,INCOTERMSFOB,Free On Board(…named port of shipment)装运港船上交货(……指定装运港)成本加运费(……指定目的港)CFR,Cost and Freight(…named port of destination)CIF,Cost Insurance and Freight(…named port of destination)成本加保险费、运费(……指定目的港)佣金Commission折扣Discount单价Unit Price总值Total Amount第五章进出口商品的运输和运输保险中文名称英文名称海洋运输Ocean Transport班轮运输Liner Transport租船运输Charter Shipping集装箱运输Container Transport整箱货Full Container Load,FCL拼箱货Less Than Container Load,LCL集装箱堆场Container Yard,CY集装箱货运站Container Freight Station,CFS国际多式联运International Multi-model Transport海运提单Ocean Bill of Lading,B/L清洁提单Clean B/L指示提单Order B/L正本提单Original B/L托运人Shipper收货人Consignee通知人Notify Party承运人Carrier装运港Port of Loading目的港Port of Discharge运费条款Freight Clause运费已付FREIGHT PAID运费预付FREIGHT PREPAID运费到付FREIGHT COLLECT航空运单Airway Bill,AWB国际多式联运单据Multi-model Transport Document,MTD 分批装运Partial Shipments装运通知Shipping Advice全部损失Total Loss实际全损Actual Total Loss推定全损Constructive Total Loss部分损失Partial Loss共同海损General Average单独海损Particular Average平安险Free from Particular Average,FPA水渍险With Particular Average,WPA一切险All Risk,AR一般附加险General Additional Risk特殊附加险Special Additional Risk保险金额Insured Amount保险费Premium保险单Insurance Policy保险人名称The Name of the Insurance被保险人The Insured保险标的物Subject Matter保险金额Amount Insured承保条款及险别Clause&Conditions赔付地点Claim Payable at/in出单日期Issuing Date第六章国际货款的结算中文名称英文名称汇票Bill of Exchange,Draft商业汇票Commercial Draft银行汇票Banker’s Draft跟单汇票Documentary Draft即期汇票Sight Draft远期汇票Time Bill or Usance Draft出票to Draw a Draft提示Presentation承兑Acceptance付款Payment背书Endorsement拒付Dishonour出票人Drawer付款人Payer受票人Drawee受款人Payee背书人Endorser被背书人Endorsee本票Promissory Note支票Cheque,Check汇付Remittance电汇Telegraphic Transfer,T/T信汇Mail Transfer,M/T票汇Demand Draft,D/D预付货款Payment in Advance随单付现Cash with Order赊销Open Account,OA托收Collection委托人Principal付款人Drawee/Payer托收行或寄单行Remitting Bank代收行Collecting Bank跟单托收Documentary Collection付款交单Documents Against Payment,D/P即期付款交单Documents Against Payment at Sight,D/P at Sight远期付款交单Documents Against Payment after Sight,D/P after Sight 承兑交单Documents Against Acceptance,D/A信用证Letter of Credit,L/C开证申请人Applicant开证行Opening Bank,Issuing Bank受益人Beneficiary通知行Notifying Bank,Advising Bank议付行Negotiating Bank付款行Paying Bank,Drawee Bank跟单信用证Documentary L/C不可撤销信用证Irrevocable L/C保兑信用证Confirmed L/C不保兑信用证Unconfirmed L/C即期信用证Sight L/C远期信用证Usance L/C可转让信用证Transferable L/C不可转让信用证Non-transferable L/C环球银行间金融电讯协会,环银电协SWIFT(Society For Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication)商业跟单信用证统一惯例Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits,UCP银行保证函Letter of Guarantee,L/G第七章争议的预防与处理中文名称英文名称进出口商品检验检疫,商检Import and Export Commodity Inspection中华人民共和国进出口商品检验检疫总局State Administration of Import and Export Commodity Inspection of the People’s Republic of China,SACI中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,简称国家质检总局General Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the People’s Republic of China,AQSIQ违约Breach of Contract争议Disputes索赔Claim不可抗力Force Majeure中国国际贸易促进委员会,中国贸促会China Council for the Promotion of International Trade,CCPIT中国国际商会China Chamber of International Commerce,CCOIC仲裁Arbitration第八章进出口合同的磋商、订立和履行中文名称英文名称交易磋商Business Negotiation询盘Inquiry发盘Offer发价Quotation售货发盘Selling Offer购货发盘或递盘Buying Offer还盘Counter-offer接受Acceptance合同Contract销售确认书Sales Confirmation协议书Agreement。
国际贸易词汇翻译:trade by commodities 商品贸易visible trade 有形贸易invisible trade 无形贸易barter trade 易货贸易bilateral trade 双边贸易multilateral trade 多边贸易compensation trade 补偿贸易processing trade 来料加工贸易assembling trade 来料装配贸易leasing trade 租赁贸易mainly trade with …firms主要和…进行贸易be conducted on the basis of equality在平等的基础上进行贸易trade with people in all countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. 在平等互利的基础上和各国人民进行贸易There has been a slowdown in …贸易已有所减少continuously expanding不断发展.Our company mainly trades…我们公司主要经营……is well-known in trade circles在贸易界很有名望business scope/frame 经营范围trading firm/house 贸易行,商行trade fair 贸易展销会trade show 贸易展览trade terms/clause 贸易条款trade balance 贸易平衡to conclude a business transaction 达成贸易交易trade association 贸易协会Heavy enquiries witness the quality of our products. 大量询盘证明我们产品质量过硬。
inquire 询盘;询价;询购to inquire about 对...询价to make an inquiry 发出询盘;向...询价inquirer 询价者inquiry 询盘firm price 实价,实盘to make delivery 交货to make prompt-delivery 即期交货to make an offer for 对...报盘(报价)firm offer 实盘non-firm offer 虚盘to forward an offer (or to send an offer) 寄送报盘quote 报价quotation 价格cost of production 生产费用Our offers are for 3 days. 我们的报盘三天有效。
“双务”合同:是指合同双方相互承担义务,货物买卖同时都享有权利,一方所承担的义务正是另一方所享有的权利。
在合同中,卖方的基本义务是交出货物的所有权,买方的基本义务是支付货款,这是货物买卖合同的主要特点。
国际货物买卖合同:按照《1980年国际货物销售合同公约》的规定,国际货物买卖合同是指营业地处于不同国家的当事人所订立的货物买卖合同。
合同的内容:又称合同条款,是确定合同双方当事人权利与义务关系的重要依据,同时也是判断合同是否有效的客观依据。
接受:就是交易的一方在接到对方的发盘或还盘后,以声明或行动向对方表示同意的行为。
交易磋商:指买卖双方以买卖某种商品为目的而通过一定程序就交易的各项条件进行洽商并最后达成协议的全过程。
逾期接受:又称迟到的接受,是指受盘人未在发盘规定的时限内接受,如发盘没有规定时限,未在合理时限内接受。
按各国法律,一般认为逾期接受不是有效的接受,而只能视做一个新的发盘。
贸易术语:又称“价格术语”或“价格条件”,它是以简明的外贸语言、或缩写的字母、或国际代号,来概括说明买卖双方在交易中交货的地点、货物交接的责任、费用,以及风险的划分和表明价格构成等诸方面的特殊用语。
INCOTERMS:是国际商会(the International Chamber of Commerce)制定的“International Rules fOr the Interpretation Of Trade Terms'’的缩写形式。
中文称作“国际贸易术语解释通则”,简称“通则”。
最早的“通则”是国际商会于1936年为统一世界各国对各种贸易术语的解释而制定的,后来根据国际贸易发展的需要,国际商会对通则进行了多次修订。
最新的通则是于2000年1月1日生效的《2000通则》。
象征性交货:指卖方只要按合同规定在约定地点完成装运,并向买方提交合同规定的(包括物权凭证在内的)有关单据,就算完成了交货义务,而无须保证到货。
第三讲价格术语一、翻译并解释下列名词1.Trade Terms 2.INCOTERMS 3.International Practice4.FOB 5.CIF 6.Symbolic Delivery二、问答题1.简述国际贸易惯例的性质和对贸易实践的指导作用。
2.为什么说在CFR术语成交的合同中,卖方及时发出装船通知是一项重要的责任?3.CIF是“到岸价”吗?按CIF London条件成交,卖方是否要在伦敦交货?4.为什么说对出口商而言以CFR或CIF成交较好?对进口商而言以FOB成交较好?5.简述CIF与CIP贸易术语的主要区别。
6.简述装运港交货的三种贸易术语与货交承运人的三种贸易术语之间的异同。
7.简述CPT与CFR贸易术语的主要区别。
8.简述E、F、C组贸易术语的特点。
三、单项选择题1.在FOB合同中,如果卖方不承担装船的费用;应在合同中选用( )。
A.FOB Under Tackle B.FOB Stowed C.FOB Trimmed D.FOB Liner Terms2.CIF合同下,用程租船运输,如卖方不承担卸货费用,应在合同中选用( )。
A.CIF Liner Terms B.CIF Ex Tackle C.CIF ExShip’s Hold D.CIF Landed3.按照《2000通则》规定,如果双方以CFR术语成交,买卖双方风险划分界线为( )。
A.以货越船舷为界 B.以货交第一承运人为界C.以目的港交货为界 D.以船边交货为界4.国际贸易惯例的适用是以当事人的意思自治为基础的,这表明( )。
A.惯例即是行业内的法律 B.惯例有强制性C.当事人有权在合同中作不符合惯例的规定 D.法院会维护惯例的有效性5.《1932年华沙一牛津规则》是由国际法协会制定的,其是专门解释( )术语的国际惯例。
A.FOB B.CIF C.CFR D.FCA6.《1941年美国对外贸易定义修订本》的主要适用范围是在( )。
贸易实务名词解释国际贸易实务名词解释汇总第一章B2B:business to business trade 企业对企业贸易B2C:business to consumer trade 企业对消费者贸易the export office:出口办公室transport modes:运输方式the export contract:出口合同customs:关税cargo/credit insurance:货物/信用保险documentation:单据EU:European Union 欧盟E-commerce:电子商务globalization:全球化logistics:物流importer:进口商assembly:组装out-sourcing:外包the monopolistic control:垄断,控制the theory of comparative advantage:比较优势理论dumping grounds :倾销市场TOT:the terms of trade 贸易条件balance of trade :贸易差额International Chamber of Commerce(ICC):国际商会Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD):经济合作与发展组织World Trade Organization(WTO):世界贸易组织Regional trade agreements(RTA):区域性贸易协定Central European Free Trade Agreement(CEFTA):中欧自由贸易区协定ASEAN Free Trade Area(AFTA):东盟自由贸易区MERCOSUR:南方共同市场Uniform Customs and Practice for Commercial Documentary Credits(UCP):跟单信用证统一惯例International Maritime Bureau(IMB):国际海事局European Free Trade Association(EFTA):欧洲自由贸易协定North American Free Trade Agreement(NAFTA):北美自由贸易协定Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN):东南亚国家联盟ANDEAN:安第斯共同市场Asia Pacific Economic Co-operation(APEC):亚太经合组织SAFTA:南亚自由贸易协议Common Market for Eastern and Southern African (COMESA):东南非共同市场CARICOM :加勒比海共同市场Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA) :美洲自由贸易区Labor-intensive :劳动密集型Gulf Markets :海湾市场Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) :独联体Asociacion Latinoamericana de Integracion (ALADI) :拉丁美洲一体化协会Central American Common Market (CACM) :中美洲共同市场Colombo Plan for Co-operative Economic and Social Development in Asia and the Pacific :亚洲和太平洋地区经济和社会发展合作的科伦坡计划Communaute Francaise Africaine(CFA)(The Franc Zone):非洲法郎区Co-operation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf:海湾合作委员会Council of Arab Economic Unity:阿拉伯经济统一体理事会Economic Community of West African States(ECOWAS):西非国家经济共同体League of Arab States:阿拉伯国家联盟Nordic Council:北欧理事会Organization of African Unity(OAU):非洲统一组织Organization of Amercian States(OAS):美洲国家组织General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade:关税及贸易总协定Department of Trade and Industry (DTI):贸易工业部The World Trade Organization(WTO):世界贸易组织Uruguay Round of negotiations:乌拉圭回合谈判Marrakesh Declaration:马拉喀什宣言Most-favoured-nation clause(MFN):“最惠国待遇”条款Customs unions:关税同盟Free trade areas:自由贸易区National treatment:国民待遇Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Right(TRIPS):与贸易有关的知识产权协定The General Agreement on Trade in services(GATS):服务贸易总协定Trade Policy Review Mechanism:贸易政策审议机制Free trade:自由贸易Tokyo Round:东京回合Generalized system of preferences (GSP):普遍优惠制UN Conference on Trade and Employment :联合国贸易就业会议ITO Chapter:ITO 宪章Congressional ratification of the Havana Charter:哈瓦那宪章第三章贸易术语EXW (EX works) 工厂交货(……指定地点)FCA (Free Carrier)货交交承运人(……指定地点)FAS (Free Along Side)船边交货(……指定装运港)FOB (Free On Board)船上交货(……指定装运港)CFR (Cost and Freight)成本加运费(……指定目的港)CIF (Cost,Insurance and Freight)成本、保险加运费付至(……指定目的港)CPT (Carriage Paid to)运费付至(……指定目的港)CIP (Carriage and lnsurance Paid to)运费、保险费付至(……指定目的地)DAF (Delivered at Frontier)边境交货(……指定地点)DES (Delivered EX Ship)目的港船上交货(……指定目的港)DEQ (Delivered EX Quay)目的港码头交货(……指定目的港)DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货(……指定目的地)DDP (Duty Paid)完税后交货(……指定目的地)FOB:FOB Liner Terms (FOB班轮条件)FOB Sowed (FOB 并理舱)FOB under Tackle (FOB吊钩下交货)FOB Trimmed (FOB平并舱)CIF:CIF Liner Terms (CIF班轮条件)CIF Ex Ship’s Hold (CIF船底交货)CIF Ex Tackle (CIF吊钩下交货)CIF Landed (CIF卸到岸上)Dead freight 空舱费Demurrage 滞期费Symbolic delivery 象征性交货19.理舱费是指货物入舱后进行安置和整理的费用。
国际贸易:是指不同国家(和/或地区)之间的商品和劳务的交换活动。
国际贸易是商品和劳务的国际转移。
国际贸易也叫世界贸易。
国际贸易由进口贸易和出口贸易两部分组成,故有时也称为进出口贸易。
国际法:指适用主权国家之间以及其他具有国际人格的实体之间的法律规则的总体。
国际贸易惯例:指在国际贸易实践中逐渐自发形成的,某一地区、某一行业中普遍接受和经常遵守的任意性行为规范。
国内贸易:主要是指在中国国内进行的商品的买卖、现货仓单市场交易等在境内发生的交易的总称。
国内法:是指由某一国家制定或认可,并在本国主权管辖内生效的法律。
国内法包括宪法、民法、诉讼法等。
国内法的主体一般是公民、社会组织和国家机关,国家只能在特定法律关系中成为主体。
国际贸易实务:是一门主要研究国际商品交换具体过程的学科,也是一门具有涉外活动特点的实践性很强的综合性应用科学国际条约:国际法主体之间以国际法为准则而为确立其相互权利和义务而缔结的书面协议。
国际条约包括一般性的条约和特别条约。
商品的品质:又称“质量”,是指商品的外观形态和内在特性的综合。
商品规格是指一些足以反映商品品质的主要指标,如化学成分、含量、纯度、性能、容量、长短、粗细等。
毛重是指商品本身的重量加包装物的重量。
这种计重办法一般适用于低值商品。
毛重=净重+包装重量净重就是货物本身的重量运输包装:又称大包装或外包装,是指将货物装入特定容器,或以特定方式成件或成箱的包装中性包装是指商品和内外均无标明生产国别、地名和厂商的名称,也不标明商标或牌号的包装。
以毛作净是指按毛重计算重量以作为计价的基础,而包装重量与价值不再另计。
这种计算重量的方式一般用于价值较低的农产品或其它商品。
运输标志又称唛头,它通常是由一个简单的几何图形和一些英文字母、数字及简单的文字组成,其作用在于使货物在装卸、运输、保管过程中容易被有关人员识别,以防错发错运国际单位制是在公制基础上发展起来的单位制,于1960年第十一届国际计量大会通过,推荐各国采用,其国际简称为SI。
Chapter 1 Introduction to International TradeNational Development and Reform Commission 国家发展和改革委员会export-driven economic growth 出口导向型经济增长export tax rebates 出口退税export taxes 出口关税excess Liquidity 流动性过剩trade frictions 贸易摩擦international trade 国际贸易world trade 世界贸易foreign trade 对外贸易overseas trade 海外贸易trade in goods 货物贸易trade in services 服务贸易self-sufficient 自给自足economic resources 经济资源visible trade 有形贸易invisible trade 无形贸易dumping倾销tourism 旅游业balance of trade 贸易差额host country东道国barter 物物交换,以货易货,货物交易,易货贸易favorable balance of trade 贸易顺差(trade surplus)unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差(trade deficit)Balance of Payments 国际收支平衡,国际收支差额favorable balance of payments 国际收支顺差unfavorable balance of payments 国际收支逆差International Monetary Fund(IMF)国际货币基金组织Foreign Direct Investment(FDI)对外直接投资,外商直接投资Portfolio Investment 间接投资Chapter 2 International Trade Policytrade protectionism 贸易保护主义free trade 自由贸易the national interest 国家利益Doha trade talks 多哈贸易谈判acquisitions 购并trade barriers 贸易壁垒infant industries 幼稚产业quantitative restrictions 数量限制encouragements 鼓励import tariff 进口关税tariff barriers关税壁垒non-tariff barriers(NTB)非关税壁垒export taxes 出口关税export subsidies 出口补贴protective tariffs 保护性关税revenue tariff 财政关税specific duties 从量税ad valorem duties 从价税compound duties 复合税import quota 进口配额binding quota限制性(绑定)配额non-binding quota不具约束力的配额tariff-rate quotas 关税配额zero quota零配额absolute quotas 绝对配额market failures 市场失灵domestic content国内含量licensing system 许可证制度red-tape barriers 进口环节壁垒“buy local” rules 本地采购规则domestic supply 国内供给domestic demand 国内需求floor price 最低限价shortfall of supply 供应短缺Government Procurement Policies 歧视性政府采购政策Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTS)美国协调关税明细表Harmonized System 商品名称及编码协调制度International Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System商品名称及编码协调制度World Customs Organization (WCO)世界海关组织Customs Tariff of Import/Export of the People’s Republic of China中华人民共和国进出口关税条例Voluntary Export Restraint(VER)自动出口限制Multi-Fiber Arrangement 多种纤维协定Domestic Content Requirements 国内成分要求Government Procurement Policies 政府采购政策Buy America Act of 1933 1933年购买美国货法案Export Enhancement Program(EEP)美国的出口促进计划Dairy Export Incentive Program(DEIP)奶制品出口激励项目Chapter 3 Trade Bloc and Trade Blockopen regionalism 开放的区域主义trade liberalization 贸易自由化most favored nation 最惠国multilateralism 多边主义Doha round 多哈回合discriminatory tariffs 歧视性关税“spaghetti bowl”意大利面碗tariff rates 关税税率trade discrimination 贸易歧视country of origin原产地trade bloc 贸易集团trade block 贸易禁运bilateral free trade agreements 双边自由贸易协定PTAs(preferential trade agreements)特殊优惠贸易协议APEC (Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation Organization)亚太经合组织FTAAP(Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the Pacific)亚太自由贸易协定NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement)北美自由贸易区MERCOSUR南方共同市场SCCM(Southern Common Markets)南方共同市场ASEAN(Association of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟AFTA(ASEAN Free Trade Area)东盟自由贸易区EU(European Union)欧盟(欧洲联盟)EFTA(European Free Trade Area)欧洲自由贸易区EEC(European Economic Community)欧洲经济共同体EC(the European Community)欧洲共同体free trade area 自由贸易区customs union 关税同盟common market共同市场economic union 经济同盟,经济联盟trade embargoes 贸易禁运economic sanctions 经济制裁boycotts抵制multilateral trade agreements多边贸易协定United Nations 联合国trade elasticity 贸易弹性Chapter 4 WTO:A Navigation Guidefranchise特许经营Uruguay Round 乌拉圭回合WTO Agreements 世界贸易组织协议World Bank 世界银行Doha Development Agenda 多哈发展议程(多哈回合谈判)GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)关税与贸易总协定WTO(World Trade Organization)世界贸易组织IMF(International Monetary Fund)国际货币基金组织Appellate Body 上诉机构Dispute Settlement Panels 争端解决专门小组Plurilateral Committees 诸边协议委员会Ministerial Conference 部长会议1. The General Council 常务理事会2. The Dispute Settlement Body 争端解决机构3. The Trade Policy Review Body 贸易政策审议机构1. Goods Council 货物贸易理事会2. Services Council 服务贸易理事会3. TRIPS Council 与贸易有关的知识产权理事会The Textiles Monitoring Body 纺织品监督机构Heads of Delegations(HOD)代表团首脑The Secretariat 秘书处sustainable development 可持续发展Plurilateral Trade Agreement 诸边(复边)贸易协定Marrakesh Ministerial Meeting 马拉喀什部长会议(摩洛哥)TRIPS Agreement 与贸易有关的知识产权协定Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights(TRIPS)与贸易有关的知识产权General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS)服务贸易总协定Trade-Related Investment Measures (TRIMS)与贸易有关的投资措施Trade Without Discrimination 贸易无歧视Urgent Importing Measures紧急进口措施Most-Favored-Nation Treatment 最惠国待遇contracting parties 缔约国plurilateral agreements诸边协议national treatment 国民待遇transparency 透明度market access 市场准入navigation guide 导航patronage nations施惠国favored nations 受惠国Chapter 5 International Trade TermsL/C issuing date 信用证的开证日期seasonal commodity季节性商品partial shipment 分批装运transshipment 转运shipment 装运terms of payment 支付条件draft 汇票liner 班轮trade terms,price terms,delivery terms 贸易术语,价格术语,交货术语Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932 1932年华沙--牛津规则International Law Association 国际法律协会Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941 1941年美国对外贸易定义修正本International Chamber of Commerce(ICC)国际商会INCOTERMS 2000 2000年国际贸易术语解释通Value added tax(VAT)增值税United Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL)联合国国际贸易法律委员会multi-modal Transport多式联运inland waterway transportation内陆水运customs clearance清关shipboard(Ship’s Rail)船舷documentary sales 单据买卖cover insurance 投保symbolic delivery象征性交货unloading charge 卸货费frontier 边境quay 码头trim 平舱stow 理舱EXW(Ex Works)工厂交货FCA(Free Carrier)货交承运人FAS(Free Alongside Ship)船边交货FOB(Free on Board)装运港船上交货FOB Liner Terms (FOB班轮条件)FOB Under Tackle (FOB吊钩下交货)FOB Stowed(FOB 包理舱费在内)FOB Trimmed(FOB 包平舱费在内)CFR(Cost and Freight)成本加运费CFR Liner Terms(CFR班轮条件)CFR Landed(CFR卸到岸上)CFR Ex-Ship’s Hold(CFR舱底交货)CIF(Cost, Insurance and Freight)成本加保险费加运费CPT(Carriage Paid to)运费付至CIP(Carriage and Insurance Paid to)运费、保险费付至DAF(Delivered at Frontier)边境交货DES(Delivered Ex Ship)目的港船上交货DEQ(Delivered Ex Quay)目的港码头交货DDU(Delivered Duty Unpaid)未完税交货DDP(Delivered Duty Paid)完税后交货Chapter 6 Terms of CommoditySales by Seller’s/Buyer’s Sample 凭卖方样品买卖/凭买方样品买卖Reference/Duplicate Sample 参考样品Quality Tolerance 品质公差Counter Sample 对等样品More or Less Clauses 溢短装条款Neutral Packing 中性包装Customs Formality 海关手续Inspection Certificate of Quality 质量检验证书FDA (Food and Drugs Administration) 药品及食品管理局Marking of Goods 货物标记Net Weight 净重Theoretical Weight 理论重量Gross Weight 毛重Computed Tare 约定皮重Conditioned Weight 公量Unit Weight 单位重量Moisture Content 含水量Customary Tare 习惯毛重Legal Weight 法定重量Actual Tare 实际皮重Average Tare 平均毛重BY-product 副产品AQSIQ (State Administration for Quality Supervision and Inspection and Quarantine) 国家质量监督检验检疫总局Representative Samples 代表性样品Original Samples 原始样品Type Samples 标准样品(FAQ)Fair Average Quality 中等品质(GMQ)Good Merchantable Quality 上好可销品质Animal and Plant Quarantine Office 动植物检验机关Register of Shipping 船及机构State Bureau of Metrology 国家计量局Catalogue of Export and Import Commodities Subject to Inspection 进出口商品目录Lloyd’s Surveyor 英国劳氏公证行Chapter 7 International Cargo TransportOil tankers 油轮Voyage Charter 定程租船Ro-Ro vessels 滚装船Time Charter 定期租船LASH(lighter Aboard Ship) 载驳船BBC(Bare Boat Charter) 光船租船Chartering contract 租船合同Sailing schedule 船期表Demurrage charge 滞期费Liner freight tariff 班船运价表Dispatch charge 速遣费Optional additional 选卸附加费Direct additional 直航附加费Transshipment additional 转船附加费Port congestion additional 港口拥挤附加费Forwarding agents 运输代理LCL(Less than Container Load) 拼箱货Settlement of exchange 结汇FCL(Full Container Load) 整箱货Air waybill 空运单CFS(Container Freight Station) 集装箱货运站Shipping advice 装运通知Disposal rights 处置权Partial shipment/transshipment 分批装运Bill of landing 提单Clean B/L 清洁提单Order B/L 提示提单Combined transport B/L 多式联运提单Straight B/L 直接提单/记名提单Through B/L 全程提单/联运提单Liner B/L 班轮提单Ante-dated B/L 倒签提单Advanced B/L 预借提单Consignment note 发货通知书Blank endorsement 空白备书IATA(International Air Transport Association)国际航空运输协会Combined transport documents 联合运输单据Chapter 8 Cargo InsuranceInsurance Applicant 投保人General Average 共同海损Insurance Amount 投保金额Extraneous Risks 外来风险Insurance Policy 保险单Constructive Total Loss 推定全损Perils of the Sea 海上风险Sue and Labor Expenses 施救费用Salvage Charges 救助费用Insurance Broker 承保人Particular Average 单独海损Premium 保险费Air Transportation Cargo War Risks航空运输货物战争险Land Transportation Risks 陆运险All Risks for Land Transportation 陆运一切险Ocean Marine Insurance 海洋运输保险Air Transportation All Risks 航空运输一切险War risks 战争险Basic Risks Coverage 基本保险范围Insured Amount 保险金额T.P.N.D(Theft, Pilferage and Non-delivery)偷窃与提货不着险Taint of Odor 串味险Overland Transportation Insurance 陆上运输保险Parcel Post Insurance 邮包运输保险WPA(With Particular Average) 水渍险/单独海损赔偿FPA(Free from Particular Average) 平安险Additional Risks Coverage 附加险范围Fresh water and/or Rain Damage 淡水雨淋险Insurance Certificate 保险凭证《国际贸易实务》重点词汇Chapter 9 Terms of PriceCost Structure 费用/成本结构Cost of Production 生产费用Profit Margin 边际利润率Selling Cost 销售成本Target Costing 目标成本Variable Cost 可变成本Skimming Price Strategy 撇脂定价策略Penetration Strategy 渗透策略Floating Exchange Risk 浮动汇率风险(TFC)Total Fixed Cost 总固定成本(EDLP)Everyday Low Price 每日低价Cost-based Pricing成本基础定价法Break-even Pricing 损益两平定价法Marginal Cost Pricing 边际成本定价法(BEP)Break-even Point益损两平点Invoicing Currency 计价货币Payment Currency支付货币Hard Currency 硬货币Soft Currency 软货币Exchange Rates汇率Commission/Discount 佣金/折扣Price Adjustment 价款调整Forward Market/Spot Market 期货/现货市场Forward Contract 远期合同Floating Exchange Rates 浮动汇率Forward Rate 期汇率Brokerage House 经纪公司Wall Street Journal 华尔街日报*Plain Commission 透明佣金(不确定)Secret Commission 秘密佣金Quantity Discount 数量折扣Cash Discount 现金折扣Special Discount 特别折扣Unit Price 单价FOB price 离岸价CIF price 到岸价CFR price 成本加运费价格Export-oriented Strategy Firm出口导向型公司Regulations on Foreign Exchange Administration 外汇管理条例SAFE(State Administration of Foreign Exchange) 国家外汇管理局11。
国际贸易实务:名词解释53个汇总名词解释1.barter trade(易货贸易):the direcrt exchange ofgoods or services-without an intervening medium of exchange or momey-eitheraccording to established rates of exchange or by bargaining.it is consideredthe oldest form of trade.2.direct trade(直接贸易):goods are transporteddirectly from the production country to the consuming country. In this case,only two parties are involved in the transaction,namely the exporter and theimporter.3.entrepot trade:refers to the transaction which involves importing goods from overseasfor further processing or assembling and then reexporting the goods abroad. Entrepottrade involves only one party, who is the importer, the processor and at thesame time also the exporter.4.invisibletrade(无形贸易):没有实物形态的技术和服务的进出口。
例如,机器、设备、家具等都是有实物形态的商品,这些商品的进出口称为有形贸易。
专利使用权的转让、旅游、金融保险企业跨国提供服务等都是没有实物形态的商品,其进出口称为无形贸易。
5.transittrade(过境贸易):if goods are transportedfrom the producing country to the consuming country via a t hird country’sborder. It can be further divided into direct transit trade and indirecttransit trade.6.actualdelivery(实际交货):refers to a deliverysituation in which when the seller delivers the buyer does physically receivethe goods.7.appropriation(划拨,分拨):is another critical stage in the process of delivery. It refers to the act of clearly identifyingthe goods as the goods assigned for a particular contract.8.arrivalcontract(到货合同):means a contract using anincoterm which indicates that the delivery happens when the goods arrive at thedestination.9.shipmentcontract(装运合同):is a contract using anincoterm which indicates that the delivery happens at the time or before thetime of shipment.10.shipmentnotice(装船通知):The party arrangesshipment shall provide his counterpart with sufficient notice related to thetransportation. Inability to provide sufficient and prompt shipment notice tothe counterpartmay lead to the failure of transfer or advancedtransfer of risk.11.symbolicdelivery(象征性交货):is a delivery situation in which when the seller delivers the buyer doesnot physically receive the goods. This kind of delivery is proved by thesubmission of transport document by the seller to the buyer.12.QC(quality control): 1)Seller’s expense to cover checkingoperations: quality control during the production, measuring, weighing andcounting a the time of delivery.2)Buyer’s necessity to inspect the goods beforetaking delivery, hence he must pay pre-shipment inspection.3)Seller pay anycosts of inspections mandated by the local authorities which is normally partof customs clearance .mission(佣金):指中间商因向卖方(或买方)介绍生意或代卖代买货物而收取的酬金。
14.counter-offer(还盘):a reply to an offer which contains additions, limitations orother modeifications.15.discount(折扣,贴现):指卖方按照原价给予买方一定百分比的减让。
17.ECFFE(exportcost for foreign exchange ratio)(出口换汇成本):指每出口换回一个单位的外汇(通常为美元)需花费多少本币数额的成本。
是外贸企业核算其出口经济效益的重要指标之一。
18.qualitytolerance(品质公差):refers to the qualitydeviation recognized,which allows the quality of the goods delivered to have certaindifference within a range. 19.sale bysample(凭样品买卖): A sale is made by samplewhen the seller and buyer agree that samples are used as reference of qualityand condition of goods to be delivered. Used when it is difficult to describequality of the commodity by words. 20.quantitylatitude(数量机动幅度):是指卖方可按买卖双方约定某一具体数量多交或少交若干的幅度。
因为有些商品受货源变化,商品特性(比如某些农产品、矿产品),尤其是运输工具的限制,合同中若规定一个固定的交货数量,将给卖方履行合同带来困难。
因此,为了顺利履行合同,在长期的贸易实践中形成了规定数量机动幅度条款的做法,对于那些数量难以严格限定的商品,在规定的机动幅度内可以有数量的增加和减少,对此均不构成违约。
21.sale byspecifications(凭规格买卖):the specifications of acommodity comprise some important indicators . defining quality byspecification is simple and accurate, therefore is widely used in internationaltrade22.sale bystandard(凭标准买卖):是指买卖双方在交易中以商品的标准表示商品品质。
商品的标准是指将商品的规格和等级予以标准化,商品的标准,有的由国家或有关政府主管部门规定,也有由同业公会,交易所或国际性的工商组织规定,有些商品习惯于标准买卖,人们往往使用某种标准作为说明和评定商品品质的依据。
23.more or lessclause(溢短装条款): For the sake ofefficient shipment and less complexity in contract execusion it is common toallow the seller to deliver the goods with a certain percentage of more or lessib quantity accordingly. Concerns three issues:1)how much more or less shouldbe allowed 2)which party is entitled to make the decision 3)how should the moreor less portion of the goods be priced.24.neutralpacking(中性包装): No marking of origin orname of the manufacturer should appear on the product, on the shipping packingor sale packaging.25.FAQ(fairaverage quality)(良好平均品质):the abbreviation of “fairaverage quality”. It is a kind of standard used to indicate that the quality ofthe product offered is about equal to the average quality level of the same crop within a certain period of time26.OEM(originalequipment manufacturer):it refers to a kind of international trade practicethat Sellers use the brand name or trademark designated by buyers on theirmanufactured goods.27.containerization(集装箱化):Containerization is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitizedform adopting an inter-modal system which provides a possible combination ofsea, road and other modes of transportation.y day(装卸天数):在程租船合同中,船东允许租船人完成装卸任务所规定的时间,一般以天数或小时为单位。