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Medical Immunology English Teaching Design Background and GoalsMedical immunology is an essential subject that bridges both basic science and clinical medicine. It covers various aspects of the immune system and its functions, such as antigen recognition, lymphocyte development, immune response, immunological memory, and immunodeficiency. Therefore, a solid understanding of medical immunology is necessary for medical students to become competent clinicians.Moreover, with the development of scientific research, English has become the primary language of communication in the field of medicine. Therefore, it is essential for medical students to master the English terminologies and concepts related to immunology so that they can communicate effectively with international colleagues and access the latest research findings in this field.The teaching goals of this course are: 1. To provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune system and its functions. 2. To develop students’ ability to read and comprehend English scientific papers related to immunology. 3. To enhance students’ communication skills in an international setting. 4. To cultivate students’ critical thinking and problem-solving abilities.Target StudentsThis course is designed for undergraduate students majoring in medicine, who have already taken the fundamental courses of biology,chemistry, and histology. The course is expected to be taken in their third year of study, and around 80 students are enrolled.Teaching Content and MethodsTeaching contentThe content of this course is divided into two mn parts: the immune system and clinical immunology. The immune system part includes the following topics: - Basic concepts of immunity - Innate immunity - Adaptive immunity - Antigen recognition and presentation - T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes - Immunological memory - Immunodeficiency The clinical immunology part includes the following topics: - Hypersensitivity and allergy - Autoimmunity - Transplantation immunology - ImmunotherapyTeaching methodsThe course will be taught in English, and the teaching methods will mnly include: 1. Lectures: The teacher will give lectures on the theoretical knowledge of medical immunology and provide detled explanations of the English scientific terminologies related to the topic. 2. Multimedia presentations: The teacher will use multimediatools such as PowerPoint and videos to present the content vividly and help students better understand the concepts. 3. Group discussions: The teacher will divide the students into small groups and assign a topic related to medical immunology to each group. Students are required to read and comprehend the related scientific literature, summarize key points, and present their findings in front of the class. This activity ms to improve students’ reading and comprehension skills, as well astheir communication abilities. 4. Case studies: The teacher will provide a variety of immunological case studies for students to analyze and discuss. These case studies m to equip students with critical thinking and problem-solving skills. 5. Research presentation: At the end of the course, students will be required to choose a research paper related to immunology, read and comprehend the paper in detl, and present their findings in front of the class. This activity ms to assess students’ mastery of the theoretical knowledge and their ability to read and comprehend English scientific papers.Teaching EvaluationThe teaching evaluation will be based on the following criteria: 1. Attendance: Students are required to attend all the lectures, group discussions, and case studies. 2. Participation: Students are expected to actively participate in the group discussions and case studies. 3. Final exam: The final exam consists of multiple-choice questions and essay questions, which cover all the content of the course. The exam is designed to assess students’ mastery of the theoretical knowledge. 4. Research presentation: The research presentation is designed to evaluate students’ ability to read and c omprehend English scientific papers and their communication skills.ConclusionThe Medical Immunology English Teaching Design ms to provide a comprehensive understanding of the immune system and its functions, develop students’ ability to read and comprehe nd English scientific papers related to immunology, enhance students’ communication skills in an international setting, and cultivate students’ critical thinking andproblem-solving abilities. It is expected that students can master the theoretical knowledge of medical immunology and communicate effectively with international colleagues after completing the course.。
AID autoimmune disease 自身免疫病AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrom 获得性免疫缺陷综合征；艾滋病AM adhesion molecule 粘附分子APC antigen-presenting cell抗原提呈细胞AD autoimmune disease 自身免疫病AIDS acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）Ab antibody 抗体Allergen 变应原Allergy 变态反应Allogenic antigen 同种异型抗原Alpha-fetoprotein, AFP 甲种胎儿球蛋白Alternative pathway 旁路途径Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC 抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用Antigen, Ag 抗原Antigenic determinant 抗原决定簇BB cell receptor, BCR B 细胞（抗原识别）受体CCluster of differentiation, CD 分化群Colony stimulating factor, CSF 集落刺激因子Common variable immunodeficiency 普通变化型免疫缺陷病Complement 补体Complement receptor CR 补体受体Complementarity determining region, CDR 互补性决定区Complete antigen 完全抗原Concanavalin A, Con A 刀豆蛋白AConformational determinant 构象决定簇Constant region 恒定区，C区Co-stimulating signal 协同刺激信号Co-stimulatory molecules, CM 协同刺激分子Cross reaction 交叉反应Cytokine, CK 细胞因子Cytotoxic type 细胞毒型Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTL 或Tc 细胞毒性T细胞DDelayed type hypersensitivity, DTH 迟发型超敏反应Delayed type hypersensitivity T cell, T DTH 迟发型超敏反应性T细胞Dendritic cells, DC 树突状细胞DiGeorge syndrome DiGeorge综合征Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA 酶联免疫吸附试验Eosinophil chemotactic factor, ECF 嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子Eosinophil peroxidase, EPO 嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶Epitope 表位Erythropoietin, EPO 红细胞生成素FF Fc receptor, FcR 可结晶片断受体，Fc受体Flow cytometry, FCM 流式细胞术Fragment antigen binding, Fab 抗原结合片断Fragment crystallizable, Fc 结晶片断GGraft versus host reaction, GVHR 移植物抗宿主反应Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSF 粒细胞集落刺激因子Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, GM-CSF 粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子HHeat shock protein, HSP 热休克蛋白Heavy chain 重链，H 链High endothelial venule, HEV 高内皮微静脉Hinge region 铰链区Histamin 组胺Histocompatibility antigen-2, H-2 小鼠的组织相容性抗原HLA genotyping HLA 基因分型Homologous restriction factor, HRF 同源限制因子Host versus graft reaction, HVGR 宿主抗移植物反应Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Human leukocyte antigen,HLA 人类白细胞抗原Humoral immunity 体液免疫Hypersensitivity 超敏反应Hypervariable region, HVR 高变区IIA immune adherent 免疫粘连IC immune complex免疫复合物ICAM intercellular adhesion molecule细胞间粘附分子ICD immunocomplex disease免疫复合物病IFN interferon 干扰素Ig immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白IHC immunohistochemistry免疫组织化学IIF indirect immunofluorescent method 间接免疫荧光法IL interleukin 白细胞介素Ir immuneresponse 免疫应答Immunogenicity 免疫原性Immunoglobulin superfamily, IgSF 免疫球蛋白超家族Immunological ignorance 免疫忽视Immunological tolerance 免疫耐受Immunology 免疫学Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs, ITAM 免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, ITIM 免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序Immunotherapy 免疫治疗nsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病Intercellular adhesion molecular,ICAM 细胞间粘附分子Integrin 整合素Interferon, IFN 干扰素Interleukin, IL 白细胞介素LLangerhans cells, LC 郎格汉斯细胞Lymphocyte 淋巴细胞Lymphocyte function associated antigen, LFA 淋巴细胞功能相关抗原Lymphocyte homing 淋巴细胞归巢Lymphocyte homing receptor, LHR 淋巴细胞归巢受体Lymphoid DC 淋巴系树突状细胞Lymphoid progenitor 淋巴样祖细胞Lymphoid stem cells, LSC 淋巴样干细胞MMacrophages, M φ巨噬细胞Macrophage colony stimulating factor, M-CSF 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子Major histocompatibility complex, MHC 主要组织相容性复合体Mannan-binding lectin, MBL 甘露糖结合凝集素Mast cell, MC 肥大细胞MBL-associated serine protease, MASP MBL 相关的丝氨酸蛋白酶Membrane attack complex, MAC 膜攻击复合物Membrane Ig, mIg 膜表面免疫球蛋白Memory cells 记忆细胞MHC class Ⅰgene MHC Ⅰ类基因MHC class Ⅱgene MHC Ⅱ类基因MHC class Ⅲgene MHC Ⅲ类基因MHC restriction MHC 限制性Monoclonal antibody, McAb 单克隆抗体Monocyte 单核细胞Mononuclear-phagocyte system, MPS 单核-巨噬细胞系统Myeloid stem cell 髓样干细胞NNaive T(B) cells 初始T(B)细胞Nature killer cell, NK cell 自然杀伤细胞Neutrophils 嗜中性粒细胞Non-specific immunity 非特异性免疫Nude mice 裸小鼠，裸鼠OOpsonization 调理作用PPathogen associated molecular pattern, PAMP 病原相关分子模式Pattern recognition receptor, PRR 模式识别受体Peptidoglycan, PGN 肽聚糖Perforin 穿孔素Peripheral lymphoid organ 外周淋巴器官Peyer’s patches 派氏集合淋巴结Phagocyte 吞噬细胞Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysosome 吞噬溶酶体Phytohemagglutinin, PHA 植物血凝素Placental γglobulin 胎盘丙种球蛋白Plaque forming cell, PFC 空斑形成细胞Plasma cells 浆细胞Platelet activating factor, PAF 血小板活化因子Polymeric Ig receptor, pIgR 多聚免疫球蛋白受体SSecretory IgA，sIgA 分泌型免疫球蛋白A Secretory piece, SP 分泌片Severe combined-immunodeficiency disease, SCID 重症联合免疫缺陷病Superantigen, SAg 超抗原Suppressor T cells, Ts 抑制性T细胞Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮TT cell epitope T细胞表位T cell receptor, TCR T细胞（抗原识别）受体T lymphocyte T淋巴细胞TCR/CD3 complex TCR/CD3 复合物Thymus 胸腺Thymus dependent antigen, TD-Ag 胸腺依赖抗原Thymus epithelial cells, TEC 胸腺上皮细胞Thymus independent antigen, TI-Ag 非胸腺依赖抗原Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH 促甲状腺激素Tolerogen 耐受原Toll like receptor, TLR Toll样受体Toxoid 类毒素Transforming growth factor, TGF 转化生长因子Tumor-associated antigen, TAA 肿瘤相关抗原Tumor necrosis factor, TNF 肿瘤坏死因子Tumor-specific antigen, TSA 肿瘤特异性抗原VVariable region ( V region ) 可变区，V区X-linked SCID, XSCID 性联重症联合免疫缺陷病。
《医学免疫学》双语课程教学大纲(中文)昆明医学院基础医学院微生物学暨免疫学教研室课程编号：02课程名称：医学免疫学英文名称：Medical Immunology课程类型：公共基础课总学时：48 讲课学时：36 实验学时：12学分：3适用对象：临床专业（5年制）医学免疫学是研究机体免疫系统的组织结构和生理功能的学科, 是医学专业的重要基础学科之一。
通过课堂讲授、实验技术操作、自学等教学过程，使学生掌握和了解本学科的基本理论、基本知识及基本技能，为学习后续医学基础课程及临床医学、预防医学等专业课程奠定基础。
根据当前我国医学教育的发展及我院五年制本科临床、麻醉、影像、检验、视光、口腔、预防、法医、药学等专业教学的实际情况，医学免疫学总学时为48学时，因此我们只能选择若干重要章节作为教学内容，它们包括：免疫学概论、抗原、免疫球蛋白与抗体、补体系统、细胞因子、白细胞分化抗原与黏附分子、主要组织相容性复合体及其编码分子、免疫细胞（固有免疫细胞、T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞）、免疫应答、超敏反应和免疫预防等。
其中安排36学时理论讲授和12学时实验课。
学生应当通过听理论课和自学，掌握上述各章的基本内容，并通过实验课学会应用理论知识分析实验结果，并掌握一定的实验方法。
本大纲根据医学免疫学学科发展现状和我国医学免疫学需要编写，本着从实际出发的原则，对学科内容作了必要的调整（或修改）、补充和综合，以便学生学习。
由于医学免疫学是当今发展最快的学科之一，教学中要适当引入本学科新的、重大的研究进展，使学生对医学免疫学的国际先进水平有所了解，培养学生探索献身科学的兴趣和志向。
理论教学学时分配表（总学时：36学时）第一章免疫学概论一、掌握免疫的概念；免疫应答的概念；免疫系统的功能及其生理、病理表现。
二、熟悉免疫系统的组成；固有免疫与适应性免疫的概念。
三、了解固有免疫与适应性免疫的不同特点；免疫学的概念；免疫学与医学的关系。
学时安排：理论课：2学时教学内容：一、基本概念：免疫、免疫学、免疫系统、固有免疫、适应性免疫。
IntroductionMedical immunology is a core subject in the medical curriculum, encompassing the study of the immune system and its role in health and disease. This subject is particularly relevant in today’s world, where new infectious diseases continue to emerge and the importance of vaccination is increasingly recognized.This teaching design ms to provide an overview of medical immunology to students whose first language is English and who have a background in biology and biochemistry.Goals and ObjectivesGoals•To enable students to understand the basic principles of the immune system.•To introduce the major components of the immune system and their functions.•To provide an understanding of how the immune system is regulated.•To expln the role of the immune system in health and disease.ObjectivesAfter completing this course, students will be able to:•Describe the major components of the immune system and their functions.•Expln the basic principles of immunity.•Understand the role of the immune system in preventing and fighting infections.•Describe the mechanisms of immune regulation.•Understand the relationship between the immune system and certn diseases.Course ContentModule 1: Introduction to immunologyIntroduction to immunology, history of immunology, definitions of immunity, antigens, and antibodies.Module 2: Cells and tissues of the immune systemCells and tissues of the immune system, including their structure and function.Module 3: Innate immunityDefinition and components of innate immunity, including the complement system, natural killer cells, and phagocytes.Module 4: Adaptive immunityDefinition and components of adaptive immunity, including T and B cells, major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and antigen presentation.Module 5: Immunological memory and vaccinationImmunological memory, types of immunity, and the principles of vaccination.Module 6: Cytokines and immunoregulationCytokines, their role in the immune system, and the mechanisms of immune regulation.Module 7: Hypersensitivity and autoimmunityTypes of hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases.Module 8: Immunodeficiency and transplantationTypes of immunodeficiencies and transplantation immunology.Teaching MethodsThe course will be delivered through a combination of lectures, discussions, and interactive activities. In addition, there will be opportunities for students to engage in independent study, including reading textbook chapters, reviewing lecture materials, and participating in online discussions.Lecture formatThe lectures will be approximately 60-90 minutes in length, delivered during weekly classes. Each lecture will be focused on a specific topic related to medical immunology.Discussion formatThe discussion format will consist of group discussions and student-led presentations. In these sessions, students will be encouraged to share their thoughts and opinions on various aspects of medical immunology.Interactive activitiesInteractive activities will be designed to promote engagement and ensure that students understand the course content. These activitieswill include case studies, quizzes, and practical exercises.AssessmentAssessment will be based on a combination of written assignments and exams. The detls of the assessments will be provided in the course syllabus.ConclusionThrough this teaching design, students will be introduced to the fundamental concepts of medical immunology. They will develop a strong understanding of the immune system and its role in health and disease. This knowledge will be highly relevant to their future studies in the medical field and will prepare them to become proficient in this important subject.。
精品文档免疫名词解释1. 免疫：是指机体识别自身和非己成分, 排除抗原异物，从而维持机体生理平衡和稳定的功能。
2. (医学)免疫学(Immu no logy):是研究机体免疫系统的结构和功能、免疫应答发生的过程、机制和效应以及相关疾病的预防、诊断和治疗的一门学科。
3. 免疫应答：是指免疫细胞识别抗原后活化、增殖、分化，产生的免疫应答产物(抗体和致敏淋巴细胞)参与生理性或病理性效应的过程。
4. 抗原(Antigen, Ag ):是指凡能刺激机体产生免疫应答，并与免疫应答产物(抗体或致敏淋巴细胞)发生特异性结合的物质。
5. 免疫原性(immunogenicity ):是指抗原刺激机体发生免疫应答，诱导产生抗体或致敏淋巴细胞的能力。
6. 抗原性(antigenicity ):是指抗原与其诱导产生的抗体或致敏淋巴细胞在体内外发生特异性结合的能力。
7. 半抗原(hapten ):是指仅能与相应的抗体或致敏淋巴细胞特异性结合，而不能刺激机体发生免疫应答，诱导产生抗体或致敏淋巴细胞的物质，又称为不完全抗原。
8. 载体(carrier ):是指能够赋予半抗原以免疫原性的蛋白质，与半抗原结合可成为完全抗原。
9. 抗原决定簇(an tige nic determ inant ) /表位(epitope ): 是指抗原分子存在的能与TCR/BCR 或抗体Fab片段特异性结合的特殊化学基团，是免疫应答特异性的物质基础。
10. 抗原结合价(an tige nic vale nee ):是指抗原分子上能与抗体分子结合的抗原决定簇的总数。
11. 胸腺依赖性抗原(TD-Ag):是指需要在Th细胞的参与下，才能激活B细胞产生抗体的一类抗原，多为蛋白质类的抗原。
12. 胸腺非依赖性抗原(TI-Ag ):是指刺激B细胞产生抗体时无需Th细胞辅助的一类抗原，多为非蛋白质类物质，可分为TI-1Ag和TI-2Ag两大类。
13. 共同抗原表位(common epitope):是指不同抗原之间含有的相同或相似的抗原表位。
《医学免疫学》教案
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基本内容辅助手段和时间分配
抗体(antibody, Ab)：B细胞在抗原刺激下分化为浆细胞，产生能与相应抗原发生特异性结合的免疫球蛋白，称为抗体。
免疫球蛋白(immunoglobulin, Ig)：将具有抗体活性或化学结构与抗体相似的球蛋白统称为免疫球蛋白。
Ig根据存在的部位可分为两种：分泌型(sIg)，具有抗体各种功能；膜型(mIg)，构成B细胞膜上的抗原受体(BCR)。
一、免疫球蛋白的结构
(一)免疫球蛋白的基本结构：
Ig分子的基本单体结构是由4条肽链构成的对称结构，包括两条相同的重链(H链)和两条相同的轻链(L链)，彼此以二硫键连接而成。
1、重链和轻链：通过前面讲过的抗原来引入抗体
通过图示讲述抗体的发现历史
通过图示讲解抗体和免疫球蛋白的区别
图示
图示J链和分泌片的结构和功能
图示
图示铰链区的结构和功能
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AID autoimmune disease 自身免疫病AIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndrom 获得性免疫缺陷综合征；艾滋病AM adhesion molecule 粘附分子APC antigen-presenting cell抗原提呈细胞AD autoimmune disease 自身免疫病AIDS acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）Ab antibody 抗体Allergen 变应原Allergy 变态反应Allogenic antigen 同种异型抗原Alpha-fetoprotein, AFP 甲种胎儿球蛋白Alternative pathway 旁路途径Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ADCC 抗体依赖性细胞介导的细胞毒作用Antigen, Ag 抗原Antigenic determinant 抗原决定簇BB cell receptor, BCR B 细胞（抗原识别）受体CCluster of differentiation, CD 分化群Colony stimulating factor, CSF 集落刺激因子Common variable immunodeficiency 普通变化型免疫缺陷病Complement 补体Complement receptor CR 补体受体Complementarity determining region, CDR 互补性决定区Complete antigen 完全抗原Concanavalin A, Con A 刀豆蛋白AConformational determinant 构象决定簇Constant region 恒定区，C区Co-stimulating signal 协同刺激信号Co-stimulatory molecules, CM 协同刺激分子Cross reaction 交叉反应Cytokine, CK 细胞因子Cytotoxic type 细胞毒型Cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTL 或 Tc 细胞毒性T细胞DDelayed type hypersensitivity, DTH 迟发型超敏反应Delayed type hypersensitivity T cell, T DTH 迟发型超敏反应性T细胞Dendritic cells, DC 树突状细胞DiGeorge syndrome DiGeorge综合征EEnzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA 酶联免疫吸附试验Eosinophil chemotactic factor, ECF 嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子Eosinophil peroxidase, EPO 嗜酸性粒细胞过氧化物酶Epitope 表位Erythropoietin, EPO 红细胞生成素FF Fc receptor, FcR 可结晶片断受体，Fc受体Flow cytometry, FCM 流式细胞术Fragment antigen binding, Fab 抗原结合片断Fragment crystallizable, Fc 结晶片断GGraft versus host reaction, GVHR 移植物抗宿主反应Granulocyte colony stimulating factor, G-CSF 粒细胞集落刺激因子Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, GM-CSF 粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子HHeat shock protein, HSP 热休克蛋白Heavy chain 重链，H 链High endothelial venule, HEV 高内皮微静脉Hinge region 铰链区Histamin 组胺Histocompatibility antigen-2, H-2 小鼠的组织相容性抗原HLA genotyping HLA 基因分型Homologous restriction factor, HRF 同源限制因子Host versus graft reaction, HVGR 宿主抗移植物反应Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Human leukocyte antigen,HLA 人类白细胞抗原Humoral immunity 体液免疫Hypersensitivity 超敏反应Hypervariable region, HVR 高变区IIA immune adherent 免疫粘连IC immune complex免疫复合物ICAM intercellular adhesion molecule细胞间粘附分子ICD immunocomplex disease免疫复合物病IFN interferon 干扰素Ig immunoglobulin免疫球蛋白IHC immunohistochemistry免疫组织化学IIF indirect immunofluorescent method 间接免疫荧光法IL interleukin 白细胞介素Ir immuneresponse 免疫应答Immunogenicity 免疫原性Immunoglobulin superfamily, IgSF 免疫球蛋白超家族Immunological ignorance 免疫忽视Immunological tolerance 免疫耐受Immunology 免疫学Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs, ITAM 免疫受体酪氨酸活化基序Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, ITIM 免疫受体酪氨酸抑制基序Immunotherapy 免疫治疗nsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病Intercellular adhesion molecular,ICAM 细胞间粘附分子Integrin 整合素Interferon, IFN 干扰素Interleukin, IL 白细胞介素LLangerhans cells, LC 郎格汉斯细胞Lymphocyte 淋巴细胞Lymphocyte function associated antigen, LFA 淋巴细胞功能相关抗原Lymphocyte homing 淋巴细胞归巢Lymphocyte homing receptor, LHR 淋巴细胞归巢受体Lymphoid DC 淋巴系树突状细胞Lymphoid progenitor 淋巴样祖细胞Lymphoid stem cells, LSC 淋巴样干细胞MMacrophages, M φ巨噬细胞Macrophage colony stimulating factor, M-CSF 巨噬细胞集落刺激因子Major histocompatibility complex, MHC 主要组织相容性复合体Mannan-binding lectin, MBL 甘露糖结合凝集素Mast cell, MC 肥大细胞MBL-associated serine protease, MASP MBL 相关的丝氨酸蛋白酶Membrane attack complex, MAC 膜攻击复合物Membrane Ig, mIg 膜表面免疫球蛋白Memory cells 记忆细胞MHC class Ⅰ gene MHC Ⅰ类基因MHC class Ⅱ gene MHC Ⅱ类基因MHC class Ⅲ gene MHC Ⅲ类基因MHC restriction MHC 限制性Monoclonal antibody, McAb 单克隆抗体Monocyte 单核细胞Mononuclear-phagocyte system, MPS 单核-巨噬细胞系统Myeloid stem cell 髓样干细胞NNaive T(B) cells 初始T(B)细胞Nature killer cell, NK cell 自然杀伤细胞Neutrophils 嗜中性粒细胞Non-specific immunity 非特异性免疫Nude mice 裸小鼠，裸鼠OOpsonization 调理作用PPathogen associated molecular pattern, PAMP 病原相关分子模式Pattern recognition receptor, PRR 模式识别受体Peptidoglycan, PGN 肽聚糖Perforin 穿孔素Peripheral lymphoid organ 外周淋巴器官Peyer’s patches 派氏集合淋巴结Phagocyte 吞噬细胞Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysosome 吞噬溶酶体Phytohemagglutinin, PHA 植物血凝素Placental γ globulin 胎盘丙种球蛋白Plaque forming cell, PFC 空斑形成细胞Plasma cells 浆细胞Platelet activating factor, PAF 血小板活化因子Polymeric Ig receptor, pIgR 多聚免疫球蛋白受体SSecretory IgA， sIgA 分泌型免疫球蛋白 A Secretory piece, SP 分泌片Severe combined-immunodeficiency disease, SCID 重症联合免疫缺陷病Superantigen, SAg 超抗原Suppressor T cells, Ts 抑制性T细胞Systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE 系统性红斑狼疮TT cell epitope T细胞表位T cell receptor, TCR T细胞（抗原识别）受体T lymphocyte T淋巴细胞TCR/CD3 complex TCR/CD3 复合物Thymus 胸腺Thymus dependent antigen, TD-Ag 胸腺依赖抗原Thymus epithelial cells, TEC 胸腺上皮细胞Thymus independent antigen, TI-Ag 非胸腺依赖抗原Thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH 促甲状腺激素Tolerogen 耐受原Toll like receptor, TLR Toll样受体Toxoid 类毒素Transforming growth factor, TGF 转化生长因子Tumor-associated antigen, TAA 肿瘤相关抗原 Tumor necrosis factor,TNF 肿瘤坏死因子Tumor-specific antigen, TSA 肿瘤特异性抗原VVariable region ( V region ) 可变区，V区 X-linked SCID, XSCID 性联重症联合免疫缺陷病。
