中考考点八：动词

中考考点八：动词的时态A:一般现在时通常表示目前阶段经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

结构：1）be动词的第一人称单数为，第三人称单数为，其他人称为。

有一顺口溜体现了它的用法：我是am你是are ，is跟着他她它, 复数都用are肯定式:主语+ am /is/are +其他否定式:主语+ am/is/are +not + 其他疑问式:Am /Is /Are + 主语+ 其他?简略回答: (肯) Yes,主语+ am/ is /are(否) No,主语+ am /is/are not缩写形式: I'm == I am That's ==That isWe're ==We are What's== What is You're == You are Who's == Who isThey're ==They are Where's ==Where is He's ==He is isn't==is notShe's ==She is aren't==are not It's == It is2）行为动词除主语是第三人称单数外，都用动词原形，主语是第三人称单数时，在动词词尾加-s或-es 肯定式:主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数，否定式:主语+助动词don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他疑问式:Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't == do not doesn't ==does not注意：have的第三人称单数为has用法：1.表示事实,现状,性质或经常的,习惯的动作,常与often, usually, always, sometimes, today,every day,once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用, eg. He has a brother. 2.表示普遍真理. eg. The earth goes round the sun.3.表示在现在时间里所发生的一个动作. eg. Here comes the train.4.在时间和条件状语从句中代表一般将来时. eg.I'll go with you if you are free tomorrow.B:一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，一般过去时通常由动词的过去式表示。

结构： 1.动词的第一、三有称单数用,其他人称用,其肯定式,否定式,疑问式和简略回答形式与一般现在时相似。

2.行为动词的过去式分为规则和不规则两种, 规则动词的过去式是在动词后加或,不规则动词参照不规则动词表,需要专门记忆。

肯定式:主语+动词的过去式+ 其他eg. I got up at six this morning.否定式:主语+ did not + 动词原形+ 其他eg.John didn't live here last year. 疑问式:Did + 主语+ 动词原形+ 其他eg.Did you see him a moment ago?简略回答.(肯)Yes, 主语+did (否)No , 主语+ didn't.用法：1.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态. eg.My father was at work yesterday.2.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常与often,always 等表示频度的时间状语连用.eg.He always went to work by bus last summer.3.和when等连词引导的状语从句连用. eg.When she reached home, she had a short rest.4.常与表示过去的时间状语, 如…ago, yesterday, last week, in the old days, when I was five years old, in 1995 等连用. eg.They began the work two months ago.Were you born in 1981? Yes, I was.C:一般将来时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态结构：助动词shall/will + 动词原形（当主语第一人称时，一般用shall，当主语为第三人称时，用will，但主语为第一人称时，也用will 肯定式:主语+shall/will+动词原形+其他否定式:主语+shall/will+not+动词原形+其他.疑问式:Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其他简略回答:(肯)Yes,主语+shall/will .(否)No,主语+shall/will+not …缩写形式: 'll ==shall/willshan't== shall not won't == will not用法: 1.表示将要发生的动作或情况,常用时间状语有: later (on), soon, in a month, next time, from now on, tomorrow等. eg. I shall be eighteen years old next year.Maybe China's population _______ (pass) 1,300,000,000 by the year 2005.2.表示某种必然的趋势eg. Fish will die without water.解析：1.在以第一人称为主语的问句中,常用shall 表示提议和询问情况,在以第二人称作主语的问句中,用will 表示请求. eg. Where shall we have the meeting?Will you please lend me your pen?2.当主语是第一人称时,用will 表示意愿.决心.允诺.命令等.eg. I will give you an English--Chinese dictionary for your birthday.3.在时间或条件状语从句中,一般用一般现在时代替一般将来时. eg. Tom will write to me when he gets there.4.be going to +动词原形也可表示将来时.(1).表示主观意愿.打算等. eg. He's going to learn English next term.(2).根据已有迹象,可能要发生的情况eg. Look at the black clouds! ----It is going to rain.D:现在进行时表示目前或目前阶段正在进行的动作。

结构：am/is/are + 动词的-ing形式用法：1.表示目前发生(进行)的动作(不指状态),常用时间状语有:now,at the moment 等,并常出现在祈使句的句子中,与look, listen连用.eg. Are you writing a letter to your father at the moment? Listen! She is singing in the next room.2.表示目前阶段正在进行,而此刻不一定在进行的动作. eg. They are planting trees these days.3.表示按计划或安排即将进行的动作,表示这种动作的动词有:come, go, leave, arrive, start, see等,并常与表示将来时间的状语连用. eg. They are leaving for Australia tomorrow afternoon.注意: 某些表示感觉或状态的动词,如love, like, prefer, hate, see, know等一般不用现在进行时. eg. Lucy prefers art to science.练习题：1.Mary and Joe go to the Shopping Center ___ . a.once a week b. in a week c. next week d. for a week2.Be quiet! The baby ________ (sleep) in the next room.3.Dick will pass the message on to your sister as soon as he ______ (meet) her in her office tomorrow.4.The bell for the class rang while they ___________ (play) on the playground.5.Lucy said it ___________ (rain) later on.思考题:1.The Chinese people ____(work) hard to make their country stronger and more beautiful.2.He'll write to you as soon as he _____ (arrive ) in Hainan.3.The students of Class One ___(have)a meeting from three to five yesterday afternnon.4.The sky is black. It ____ (rain), I'm afraid.5.If it ___(not snow)tomorrow,we'll go skating6.Mr and Mrs Green____(travel)to the south of China next week,aren't they?7.I___(not see)the film with you because I've seen it already.8.He told us that he_____(stay)here till the next week.9.I_____(lose)my pen this morning. I haven't found it yet.E:现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。

结构：助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常与一些时间状语,如:already, yet, ever, never, just, before, once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如these days,today,this year,so far等连用.eg.I have already posted the letter. (信已经不在我这儿了)2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用,即for +时间段,since+时间点/从句, in the last ten years等,谓语只可用延续性动词.解析： 1.英语动词根据词义可分为两种,一种是延续性的,一种是终止性的,终止性动词(也可称为非延续性动词,瞬间动词,或点动词),如begin,start,die,buy,leave, come等,表示动作的发生与结束于一瞬间完成,不能再延续,所以它的现在完成时不能和表示延续的时间状语连用,即不能与表示一段时间的状语,for+时间段, since+时间点/从句连用,也不能用在how long 引导的特殊疑问句中.eg. I've left Shanghai for three days.(×) I've been away from Shanghai for three days.( √).I left Shanghai three days ago. ( √) It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai.( √)2.初中英语课本中常见终止性动词有:leave, go, come, arrive, begin, buy, borrow, die, join, become等.终止性动词要表示持续时, 可用以下方法:⑴.将时间状语改为时间段+ ago,句中谓语动词用一般过去时.eg.我弟弟参军两年了. My brother joined the army two years ago.⑵.若保留for+时间段,since+时间点/从句, 或用在how long 句型中,则需将终止性动词改为相应的状态动词或延续性动词常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------be in/at open-----be opendie------be dead close----be closed become---be borrow---keepbegin/start-----be on put on----wearleave-----be away (from) buy-----have fall asleep----be asleepend/finish-----be over catch a cold-----have a coldjoin the army----be in the army be a soldierjoin the Party----be in the Party be a Party member→My brother has been in the army for two years.→My brother has been a soldier for two years.3.现在完成时中been to,gone to和been in/at been to去过某地,表示某人的一种经历,可以和once,twice,already,ever,never等连用. eg. She has been to Shanghai twice. (表示目前人在这里)gone to 去某地了,说话时某人已离开此地,在去某地的途中或已在某地,eg. She has gone to Shanghai。