剑桥4 TEST4

READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has five sections A-E.Choose the correct heading for sections A and C-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Section A29Section C30Section D31Section Eshould be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and mostemerged awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’. The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide.Section CHowever, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining ifthey are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.Section DAlthough the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘public good’, r ather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the World Health Organization put it: ‘The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.’ As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy.Section EJust at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources1 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development2 Gross Domestic ProductQuestions 32-35Classify the following as first occurringA between 1945 and 1950B between 1950 and 1980C after 1980Write the correct letter A, B or C in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.32 the realization that the resources of the national health systems were limited33 a sharp rise in the cost of health-care34 a belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth35 an acceptance of the role of the state in guaranteeing the provision of health-careQuestions 36-40Do the following statements agree with views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agree with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 36Personal liberty and independence have never been regarded as directly linked to health-care.37 Health-care came to be seen as a right at about the same time that the limits of health-care resources became evident.38 In OECD countries population change have had an impact on health-care costs in recent years.39OECD governments have consistently underestimated the level of health-care provision needed.40 In most economically developed countries the elderly will have to make special provision for their health-care in the future.。

剑桥雅思真题15—写作（Test 4 附高分范文）Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.Write at least 150 words.参考范文：The charts are an illustration of what bachelors majoring in Anthropology did and how much money they earned annually after five years of working.Most conspicuously, unlike full-time work, which was favored by slightly over half of the graduates, a mere five percent furthered postgraduate study while taking up a part-time job simultaneously. Besides, the number (8%) of people choosing to be a full-time postgraduate was exactly the same as that of those who did not reveal their destination. Lastly, roughly 12 to 15individuals out of every 100 ones were jobless or working part-time.Regarding the salaries of bachelors entering the workforce, a resemblance stands out between Freelance consultants and Government sector. Specifically, people obtaining less than 75,000 dollars made up only a minority of the whole demographic (20%) while those getting paid above $75,000, a quite handsome level, held a lion’s share (80%). By stark contrast, moving to their counterparts enrolling in private enterprises, a mere one tenth got less than 50,000 dollars, and the proportions of the remaining three salary levels were quite balanced, approximating to roughly one third.Overall, most graduates choose to be employed, be it full-time or part-time, and people going freelance and entering the municipal domain general receive a fatter salary than do their counterparts in private companies.Writing Task 2You should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Write about the following topic:Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.Write at least 250 words.参考范文：Convincing children that hard work makes everything possible is popular in some nations. This message can be advantageous to children as it motivates them and encourages them to chase their dreams. However, it can cause some negative consequences.On the one hand, this message is beneficial to the young generation in many ways. Children usually have a lot of dreams since they are at the beginning of their lives and they think everything is possible. When adults encourage them to pursue their passions and believe in them, it pushes them to become the best version of themselves through working hard and staying positive. Another benefit is that it keeps children encouraged even when they fail. In other words, when children grow into adults and start chasing their dreams, they will surely encounter hardships. If they were taught that persistence and hard work will get them through, they will not give up and will stay motivated.On the other hand, children who believe this message may encounter some problems. Firstly, due to believing everything is possible, they may set unrealistic goals for themselves and think they can achieve them. For instance, they may think they can become millionaires at the age of fifteen and when they reach that age, they become frustrated that they did not get what they wanted. Secondly, children may push themselves to their limits and work too hard which affects them negatively. This can be exemplified by children who study all the time because they want to be top students and suffer from mental health issues such as depression, anxiety, and isolation.To conclude, although it is beneficial to tell children that working hard towards a goal always yields positive results, it can cause them issues such as frustration and burnout.。

剑桥雅思4test4题目标题：剑桥雅思4test4题目解析引言概述：剑桥雅思4test4是雅思考试中的一套模拟试题，对于考生来说是一次重要的练习机会。

本文将对该套试题进行详细解析，帮助考生更好地理解题目要求和解题思路。

正文内容：1. 阅读理解部分1.1 主题识别- 通过阅读题目和段落首尾句，确定文章的主题和中心思想。

- 注意词汇的重要性，尤其是与主题相关的关键词。

1.2 细节理解- 关注细节信息，如数字、日期、地点等。

- 通过对比、推理等方式，找出正确答案。

- 注意排除干扰选项的技巧。

1.3 推理判断- 根据文章中的线索和信息，进行推理判断。

- 注意逻辑关系和上下文的提示。

2. 听力部分2.1 主旨理解- 注意听力材料的整体思路和主旨。

- 关注关键词和重要信息。

2.2 细节理解- 注意听力材料中的细节信息，如数字、日期、地点等。

- 注意听力材料中的转折、对比等关键词。

2.3 推理判断- 根据听力材料中的线索和信息，进行推理判断。

- 注意逻辑关系和上下文的提示。

3. 写作部分3.1 题目理解- 仔细阅读题目，确保理解题目要求。

- 注意关键词和限制词。

3.2 论点构建- 根据题目要求，构建清晰明确的论点。

- 使用合适的论据和例子来支持论点。

3.3 结构组织- 合理组织文章结构，包括引言、主体和结论部分。

- 注意段落之间的逻辑连接。

4. 口语部分4.1 题目理解- 仔细听题，确保理解题目要求。

- 注意关键词和限制词。

4.2 思路整理- 快速构思回答思路，明确主题和要点。

- 使用适当的词汇和语法结构。

4.3 表达流利- 注意语速和语调，保持流利的表达。

- 使用适当的连接词和过渡词。

总结：综上所述，剑桥雅思4test4题目解析主要包括阅读理解、听力、写作和口语四个部分。

在解题过程中，考生需要注意主题识别、细节理解和推理判断等技巧。

此外，合理构建论点和组织文章结构，在口语表达中保持流利和清晰也是关键。

通过对这些方面的理解和实践，考生可以提高解题能力，更好地应对雅思考试。

人邮第四辑真题TEST 4 READINGPART 11 A cautious approach can be used when calculating what a company is worth.2 Consider personnel issues so that you have sufficient resources to fulfill your objectives.3 In order to know if you can make a return on your investment, assess how you can add to the company you are buying.4 Providing sufficient support for staff during the acquisition process can have a favourable outcome.5 Take into account your long-term requirements to ensure you have the resources you need.6 Even after investing some effort in the acquisition, it may still be necessary to withdraw.7 Terms initially negotiated can be changed after the acquisition.Mergers and AcquisitionsAs Finance Director of plastics manufacturer VKT, Yvonne Maynart has overseen many successful takeoversAIt is essential to build up a team to handle the acquisition so that your existing business can continue uninterrupted during the deal. It also helps to operate with spare capacity so that you can transfer people during the initial stages. A key person should be driving the acquisition process forward, although one person alone cannot assume responsibility for a large deal. It is clearly vital to do thorough research when identifying potential targets - but do not be afraid to walk away from a deal if you become aware of serious difficulties with a company you are targeting.BTo decide on the value of any target business, you must first determine what contribution your acquisition can make to it. For example, you may be able to increase revenue through a more focused management team, or improvemargins through greater purchasing power and lower costs. At VKT, we base our valuations on conservative assumptions - we also add in the risk element. This approach may be best, and it's worth remembering that with listed companies, shareholders tend to have higher risk/reward expectations.CDeveloping relationships with finance providers is a key part of the finance director's role. It is important to draw up a good business plan to ensure backing from lenders in the early stages of the acquisition. Your loan application needs to be supported by detailed profit and cashflow projections. Make sure you factor in sufficient finance to let the business develop over time, and allow for reinvestment. Here at VKT, we usually finance acquisitions with bank debt in the form of a 364-day loan, which can then be refinanced at a lower interest rate later.DIf an acquisition is large, it can take years for companies to integrate. At VICT, we monitor all acquisitions closely for at least two years, and the most important lesson I've learned is that a deal is only good if it is beneficial for both vendor and acquirer. Change causes confusion, so it needs to be handled carefully. In order to protect profits and grow the business, you need to minimise the impact of change and help the people affected feel comfortable about it. When this is done properly, it can really boost morale.这篇文章是关于收购的一些建议。