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英语四级考试语法---词性,虚拟语气,句型结构

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英语四级考试语法精讲时态 1．主动形式 2．被动形式 CET -4 常考的三种时态：过去完成时；将来完成时；（现在/过去）完成进行时。

时间状语从句当中的时态： 一般过去时 所有的过去用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成一．非谓语动词一．不定式：一）不定式的常考形式：1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me.被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages.语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前二）不定式常考的考点：1）不定式做定语----将要发生2）不定式做状语----目的过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般did do will/shall do should/would do 进行was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing / 完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/wouldhave done 用于虚拟语气完成进行 had been doing have/has been doing / /过去 现在 将来 过去将来 一般was/were given am/is/are given will/shall be given should/would be given 进行was/were being given am/is/are being given / / 完成 had been given have/has been given will/shall have been given should/wouldhave been given完成进行/ //3）不定式充当名词功能---T o see is to believe.三)不定式的省略1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel+ do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+ doing表示动作的连续性，进行性I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。

(强调"我看见了"这个事实)I saw him working in the garden yesterday.昨天我见他正在花园里干活。

（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable.三)有些动词后只跟不定式如：want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to doforce sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to dobe ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do二. 动名词：具有动作性特征的名词一)动名词的形式:一般形式：I don't like you smoking.完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice.被动形式：This question is far from being settled.二) 动名词常考的点1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数2)在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语.I would appreciate_______ back this afternoon．A．you to call B．you call C．you calling D．you're calling（Key：C your calling 也对）I regret not having taken your advice.4)有些词后只能接动名词admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; dispute; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; can't help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand...另外还有一些接-ing形式的常用说法：it's no good; it's no/little/hardly any/ use; it's not/hardly/scarcely use; it's worthwhile; spend money/time; there's no; there's no point in; there's nothing worse than; what's the use/point...5有些词后加不定式和动名词均可remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean后面用不定式和-ing形式，意义截然不容。

prefer的用法：我宁愿在这里等。

I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。

）I prefer waiting here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。

）I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。

）3 分词：现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态现在分词的形式:1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生)2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前)3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.(发生谓语动词之前且表示被动)过去分词1)过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared.2)过去分词的进行形式：Y ou'll find the topic being discussed everywhere. (强调正在被做)二：虚拟三：虚拟语气情态动词所表达的可能性程度：must/can't → should/shouldn't → might/may (not)另外两个"类情态词的形式："need/needn't; have to/don't have to最自然的虚拟状态：由should/would+原型时态（不含时间只含状态）本质上是过去将来时：即，时间固定在过去将来，状态不同：一般、进行、完成、完成进行。

这时"虚拟语气"的产生往往是因为我们要表达"本来应该……"（而现在却还没有……）（本来可以……，本来能……）I should go! (… but I'm still he re!) (一般)I should be working now! (进行)I should have practiced more (than I did)! (完成)我应该多多练习！（言下之意，现在我练习得不多。

）I shouldn't dream away my time too much! (完成的否定)(actually I did dream away my time too much!)It shouldn't have been leaking for such a long time! (完成进行)I may/might/could have finished! (完成)一些常见的句型中，就会出现这种虚拟语气，而处于从句之中，should 常常被省略掉o suggest, advise, propose, recommend, plan;o demand, order, direct, arrange, command, decide;o require, request;o think, expect, believe, insist, suspect.由于他们的含义中包含"建议，假设，应该"这类的含义，所以，由他们引起的从句中，就会包含有should+原型时态构成的虚拟语气。

这些动词（以及他们的名次形式，分词形式）引起的从句还有其他的变形：主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句It's suggested that…My suggestion is that…（表语从句）The only suggestion that... （同位语从句）一些形容词引起的表语从句中，也会有同样的情况important; necessary; essentialIt's natural ; strange; incredible thata pity; a shame; no wonder由lest, for fear that, in case 引起的从句中多使用should表达与事实相反1. 与现在相反：使用[过去时]：I wish I were not here! (一般现在→一般过去)Suppose we were not here.He loved me as if I were his own son. (一般现在→一般过去)Hope I weren't always losing things! (现在进行→过去进行)If only/If I hadn't been there! (现在完成→过去完成)What if I hadn't been waiting right here! (现在完成进行→过去完成进行)常考句型：It's (high) time (that)…; would rather (that)…这两个从句，只能表达对现在的看法，所以，从句中只有一般过去时。

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四级英语句型结构大全

四级英语句型结构大全

四级英语句型结构大全1.简单句-主语+动词（谓语）- 例句：I study English.2.并列句-主句+连词+并列句- 例句：I like apples, but my brother likes bananas.3.定语从句-主句+关系代词/关系副词+定语从句- 例句：This is the book that I borrowed from the library.4.状语从句-主句+连词+状语从句- 例句：I will go to the park if it doesn't rain.5.虚拟语气- 主句（过去式） + 从句（should/would/could + 动词原形）- 例句：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.6.倒装句-全部倒装：副词/介词短语开头+动词+主语-部分倒装：助动词/情态动词/系动词开头+主语+动词- 例句：Seldom have I seen such a beautiful sunset.- 例句：Can you play the piano?7.感叹句- How + adj./adv. + 主语 + 谓语- 例句：How tall you are!8.被动语态- 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by + 动作发出者)- 例句：The book was written by me.9.假设句-If+现在时态，将来时态（一般将来时，进行时，完成时）+主句（一般现在时，进行时，完成时）- 例句：If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.10.强调句- It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子的其他部分- 例句：It was him who broke the window.这些句型结构可以帮助学习者更灵活地使用英语，表达自己的思想和观点。

2023年英语四级考试重点

2023年英语四级考试重点

一、语法部分考察重点1.虚拟语气旳考点为:would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时；It is vital／necessary／important／urgent／imperative／desirable／advisable／natural／essential＋that＋（should）动词原形；proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。

2.状语从句旳考点为:非if引导旳条件状语从句, 此类句子多用at times, provided, so long as, in case, once等来替代if；由even if／so, now that, for all等引导旳让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导旳时间状语从句；more than, as...as, not so much as, the same as, as much as等引导旳比较状语从句。

3.独立主格构造多以逻辑主语＋分词旳形式出现。

4.情态动词多与完毕时形式连用。

5.定语从句重点考察介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。

二、词汇部分考察重点1.动词、名词与介词旳搭配如: popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。

2.习常使用方法如：confess to／set about／be used to＋doing；be supposed to／have／make sb. ＋do等。

3、由同一动词构成旳短语如: come, go, set, break等构成旳短语。

英语四级考试中的虚拟语气

英语四级考试中的虚拟语气

英语四级考试中的虚拟语气英语四级考试中的虚拟语气虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法是一个常见的考点，我们着重讲一下宾语从句常使用虚拟语气的几类特殊动词，以及这些动词的用法、构成虚拟语气的用法等。

下面是店铺为大家带来的英语四级考试中的虚拟语气，欢迎阅读。

一、何谓虚拟?在英语中，语气(mood)和时态，语态一样，都是谓语动词的一种形式。

表明说话的目的和意图，虚拟语气即表示说话人主观愿望或纯假设情况，动词需用特殊形式。

例如If I were a boy。

其中谓语动词用were，而不是am, shall, was, have等，是因为说话人为女士，而“我是男人”仅是其假设的语气，故用了一个在现实情况中绝不可能用到的were来表达这一虚拟的情况。

通过在I的后面加were这一词，能得知这是虚拟假设出来的情况。

常见的虚拟有两种：1. 表示非真实假设情况：If If I had left sooner, I could have caught the train。

如果早点出发，我就能赶上火车了。

(但我事实上已经错过了，对过去的假设虚拟)He talks so loud as if I were deaf。

他说话声太响，就像我聋了一样。

(但事实我没聋，对现在的假设虚拟)这种情况虚拟时，只需将谓语动词变本身的时态再变过去。

第一句话中的虚拟，本身为过去时，因此再变过去，即过去完成时。

left变为had left, could catch变为could have caught。

第二句话中，as if I am deaf，需要对现在假设，因此变为as if I were a deaf。

(不用I was deaf，避免与真实情况过去式混淆)类似表示非真实情况的`词还有wish希望， suppose假设， would rather宁愿， but for要不是等。

2. 表示建议、命令、要求等主观意愿：He suggested that a petition (should) be drawn up。

英语四级语法 虚拟语气

英语四级语法 虚拟语气

虚拟语气一．一般虚拟条件句(1) 与现在事实相反——If I were you, I wouldn’t worry.——If I had the book at hand, I would read the passage to you.那么，虚拟语气现在时的句型为：从句：If + 主语＋动词过去式(be 变were) +…主句：主语＋would (should ,could ,might ) + 动词原形＋…(2) 与过去事实相反——If you had gone to last night’s games, you would have met him.——If the policeman had arrived earlier, he would have seen the accident.那么，虚拟语气过去时的结构是：从句：If＋主语＋过去完成时…主句：主语＋should (或would,could,might) + 现在完成时…(3) 与将来事实相反——If he should come tomorrow, I would give him the dictionary he needs.——If Mr. Li were to do the experiment tomorrow, he might read the instructions carefully.那么虚拟语气将来时的句型是：从句：If+主语＋should (或were to )+动词原形＋…主句：同虚拟语气现在时的主句结构。

练习：1.I f this report were more accurate, it __________ an invaluable document.A.wereB.had beenC.will beD.would be(D)2.I _______ in trouble if the police had stopped me.A.wereB.would have beenC.would beD.had been(B)3.W hat would you do if war _________ out.A.breaksB.could breakC.had broken outD. were to break(D)二、在if引导的虚拟条件句中，若有were, had, should，可省去if,将were, had, should提到主语前，形成倒装。