下载文档原格式
Mr. About-the SameDo you know who is the most well-known person in China? This person is well known over the world. His surname is Cha and his given name is Buduo, which means “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, county and “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, county and village in this country. You must have seen him or heard about him. His name is on the lips of everybody every day, because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation. The physiognomy of Mr. Cha Buduo has same as you and I. He has a pair of eyes, but does not see straight. He has a pair of ears, but does not hear clearly. He has a nose and a mouth, but does not smell and taste well. His brain is not too small, but he has a bad memory and careless think. He often says, “Everything just needs to be OK, why to be so serious about them?”When he was a child, his mother let him buy some brown sugar, but he brought some white sugar instead. H is mother scolded him, he shook his head and said, “Brown sugar or white sugar are about the same, aren’t they ?”In school,his teacher asked him, “Which province borders Hebei on the west?” He answered, “Shaanxi.” “Shaanxi.” The The The teacher teacher teacher sai sai said d d “Y ou “Y ou are are are wrong. wrong. wrong. It’s It’s It’s Shanxi, Shanxi, Shanxi, not not not Shaanxi.” Shaanxi.” Shaanxi.” He He He retorted, retorted, retorted, “Shaanxi “Shaanxi “Shaanxi or or Shanxi are a bout the same, aren’t they?”about the same, aren’t they?”Later he worked as a waiter in a shop. He could write and calculate, but his mathematics were often often wrong. wrong. wrong. He He He also also also made mistake made mistake that that wrote wrote wrote the Chinese the Chinese character 十for 千or 千for 十. The shopkeeper was was angry angry angry and and and often often often scolded scolded scolded him. him. He He just just just only only apologized with with a a a smile smile smile, , , “The “Thedifference between character 千and 十is one short stroke.Chinese character 十or 千are about the same,same,Aren’t they ?”Aren’t they ?”One day, for an urgent business,he went to Shanghai by train. But he went to the railway station unhurriedly,when he arrived the railway station,the train already gone, because he was two minutes late. late. He He He stared stared stared at at at the the the smoke smoke smoke belching belching belching from from from the the the train, train, train, and and and shook shook shook his his his head, head, head, “ “ “ I I I have have have to to to leave leave tomorrow,however, today and tomorrow are about the same. But the railway company is too serious? 8:30 or 8:32 are about the same, aren’t they?”He walked home slowly and talking to himself why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more .He did not understand. One day he fell in ill suddenly, he told his families to fetch Dr.Wang of East Street immediately. His families went in a hurry, but he couldn’t find the Dr.Wang on East Street. So instead of Dr.Wang on East Street he fetched Vet Wang of West Street .Lying on his sickbed,he knew that his families fetched a wrong person. But, with pain and worry, he was seriously ill and he could not wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily, Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang Wang have have have a a a try?” try?” try?” Then, Then, Then, the the the vet vet vet walked walked walked up up up to to to his his his bed, bed, bed, with with with the the the medical medical medical method method method of of of cow, cow, cow, treating treating Mr.Cha Buduo . In the end, Mr.Cha Buduo is died less than an hour. When Mr. Cha Buduo was about to breathe his last, he uttered intermittently in one breath,”Live or or die, die, die, it’s it’s it’s about… about… about… about… about… about… the the the same…. same…. same…. Everything Everything Everything just just …needs needs to to to be be …OK, OK, why why why to to to be be …so serious …about them”As soon as he finished his motto, he stopped breathing. After his death, people all praise him for his way of seeing through things and thinking through all things. They say that all his life, he refused to work seriously and that he was never calculating or haggle haggle over over over every every every ounce. ounce. ounce. He He He is is is virtuous virtuous virtuous man, man, man, So So So they they they honored honored honored him him him with with with the the the posthumous posthumous posthumous name name Master of Easy-Going.. As time goes on his fame has spread wide and become more and more famous. Thousands of people people follow follow follow his his his example, example, example, thus thus thus everybody everybody everybody has has has become become become Mr. Mr. Mr. Cha Buduo,however, Cha Buduo,however, China China will will will be a be a sluggard nation! Mr. About-the SameDo you know who is the most well-known person in China? This person is well known over the world. His surname is Cha and his given name is Buduo, which means “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, county and village in this country. “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, county and village in this country. You must have seen him or heard about him. His name is on the lips of everybody every day, because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation. The physiognomy of Mr. Cha Buduo has same as you and I. He has a pair of eyes, but does not see straight. He has a pair of ears, but does not hear clearly. He has a nose and a mouth, but does not smell and taste well. His brain is not too small, but he has a bad memory and careless think. He often says, “Everything just needs to be OK, why to be so serious about them?”When he was a child, his mother let him buy some brown sugar, but he brought some white sugar instead. H is mother scolded him, he shook his head and said, “Brown sugar or white sugar are about the same, aren’t they ?”In school,his teacher asked him, “Which province borders Hebei on the west?” He answered, “Shaanxi.” “Shaanxi.” The The The teacher teacher teacher sai sai said d d “Y ou “Y ou are are are wrong. wrong. wrong. It’s It’s It’s Shanxi, Shanxi, Shanxi, not not not Shaanxi.” Shaanxi.” Shaanxi.” He He He retorted, retorted, retorted, “Shaanxi “Shaanxi “Shaanxi or or Shanxi are a bout the same, aren’t they?”about the same, aren’t they?”Later he worked as a waiter in a shop. He could write and calculate, but his mathematics were often often wrong. wrong. wrong. He He He also also also made mistake made mistake that that wrote wrote wrote the Chinese the Chinese character 十for 千or 千 for 十. The shopkeeper was was angry angry angry and and and often often often scolded scolded scolded him. him. He He just just just only only apologized with with a a a smile smile smile, , , “The “The difference between character 千and 十is one short stroke.Chinese character 十or 千are about the same,same,Aren’t they ?”Aren’t they ?”One day, for an urgent business,he went to Shanghai by train. But he went to the railway station unhurriedly,when he arrived the railway station,the train already gone, because he was two minutes late. late. He He He stared stared stared at at at the the the smoke smoke smoke belching belching belching from from from the the the train, train, train, and and and shook shook shook his his his head, head, head, “ “ “ I I I have have have to to to leave leave tomorrow,however, today and tomorrow are about the same. But the railway company is too serious? 8:30 or 8:32 are about the same, aren’t they?”He walked home slowly and talking to himself why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more .He did not understand. One day he fell in ill suddenly, he told his families to fetch Dr.Wang of East Street immediately. His families went in a hurry, but he couldn’t find the Dr.Wang on East Street. So instead of Dr.Wang on East Street he fetched Vet Wang of West Street .Lying on his sickbed,he knew that his families fetched a wrong person. But, with pain and worry, he was seriously ill and he could not wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily, Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang Wang have have have a a a try?” try?” try?” Then, Then, Then, the the the vet vet vet walked walked walked up up up to to to his his his bed, bed, bed, with with with the the the medical medical medical method method method of of of cow, cow, cow, treating treating Mr.Cha Buduo . In the end, Mr.Cha Buduo is died less than an hour. When Mr. Cha Buduo was abou t to breathe his last, he uttered intermittently in one breath,”Live or or die, die, die, it’s it’s it’s about… about… about… about… about… about… the the the same…. same…. same…. Everything Everything Everything just just …needs needs to to to be be …OK, OK, why why why to to to be be …so serious …about them”As soon as he finished his motto, he stopped breathing. After his death, people all praise him for his way of seeing through things and thinking through all things. They say that all his life, he refused to work seriously and that he was never calculating or haggle haggle over over over every every every ounce. ounce. ounce. He He He is is is virtuous virtuous virtuous man, man, man, So So So they they they honored honored honored him him him with with with the the the posthumous posthumous posthumous name name Master of Easy-Going.. As time goes on his fame has spread wide and become more and more famous. Thousands of people people follow follow follow his his his example, example, example, thus thus thus everybody everybody everybody has has has become become become Mr. Mr. Mr. Cha Buduo,however, Cha Buduo,however, China China will will will be a be a sluggard nation! 差不多先生传差不多先生传胡适胡适你知道中国最有名的人是谁？你知道中国最有名的人是谁？提起此人，人人皆晓，处处闻名。
浅谈英文对于白话文的影响雷博文说起来印象最深的是初中的语文老师讲古文的时候，常常用n作a来表示名词作形容词，当时也只是略觉方便，却不曾料想今日会谈谈和此事有关的发现。
就我而言，算起来看过的英语语法书不下5本，《各个击破》，《语法大全》，不在话下。
但学了多年的语文，也未看过语文的语法书。
上纠正病句的习题课，常常是用英语里面的主语，宾语，谓语，定语以及各种语法规则来解释，反而略觉轻松。
上学期英语书本里出现no way一短语，中文译作“没门”，一看到不禁连连拍手叫好，没想到竟能翻译得如此恰当。
想着之前也在英语小说里面看过类似的词语和短语fresh hand，可译作大家熟悉的“新手”，high-end可译作高端。
类似的词语不胜列举。
私以为这些词语应该都是由英文翻译而来，却非常普遍的用在我们的生活中，于是对此产生浓厚兴趣，也多次和朋友谈道。
在网上看到一位仁兄纠结于“温暖”二字。
大多数人应该潜意识里面抱有这样一种观点：中文英文都是在相对独立的环境中发展出来的，其相关联都是很少的，不约而同的有同一种用词方式的可能性是很小的。
然而“温暖”和“warm”都不仅有暖和的意思，都还包含温馨，幸福之感，这种引申含义相同的巧合引起了他的注意。
他搜集了很多古文小说：三国演义、西游记、红楼梦、水浒传、儒林外史、隋唐演义、说岳全传、镜花缘、五色石、金瓶梅、封神演义、醒世姻缘传、三言两拍。
对这些词进行检测。
把这些古书全放在Microsoft Word 里，在“查找”里搜索，发现“温暖”在古时汉语里只有客观世界的“温暖”，而没有主观世界的“温暖”。
这样的话，基本可以判断是“温暖的用法是在近代以来经西方文化传过来的。
其实究其影响的原因，在我看来主要有两点：1.首先不得不提的是白话文运动。
20世纪早期中国文化界中，一群受过西方教育（当时称为新式教育）的人发起了一次革新运动。
1919年5月4日前夕，陈独秀在其主编的《新青年》刊载文章，提倡民主与科学（德先生与赛先生），批判传统纯正的中国文化，并传播马克思主义思想；一方面，以胡适为代表的温和派，则反对马克思主义，支持白话文运动，主张以实用主义代替儒家学说，即为新文化运动滥觞。
，翻译“第一国手”, 信、达、雅——中国传统翻译思想的纲领:信“Faithfulness”——忠实原文,达“Expressiveness”——语言通顺畅达,雅“Elegance”——文字古雅.信为本，雅为表，达是两者的纽带林纾翻译理论：1、“存旨”论：“神会、步境、怡神”; 2、“文心”论：要讲究“文之枢纽”文章的“纲领”文章的“开场、伏脉、接笋、结穴”; 3、“支点”论：在翻译某个作家的作品的时候，总是努力在中国古代文学中寻找与之对应的作家; 4、“足音”论：虽不审西文，然日闻其口译，却能区别其文章之流派，如辨家人只足音。
近代西学翻译思想（1）明末清初的科技翻译高潮代表人物：徐光启，李之藻翻译特点：翻译方式为外国人主译，华士润色；或中外合译；少见国人主译之书籍（2）清末民初的西学翻译高潮A. 洋务时期的翻译贡献：科学技术术语的统一贡献：①译名的统一;②东学西渐代表人物：马建忠梁启超严复林纾马建忠：杰出的语言学家，著名的翻译家和翻译评论家，早期资产阶级维新思想家，著有《马氏文通》贡献：“善译”说梁启超：近代资产阶级维新思想家，著名史学家，被中国学术界奉为“鸿儒”，他的翻译思想：A “翻译强国”思想译书三义：择当译之本，定公译之例，养能译之才;B “翻译文体革命思想”：提倡“通俗语体”; C翻译小说理论的影响D 翻译文学与佛典的关系,科学地提出了佛经翻译的三个时期瞿秋白：佛经的翻译是中国第一次用自己最简单的言语去翻译印度日耳曼族之中最复杂的一种言语——梵文。
事实上开创了白话的运用。
胡适：开创一种文学新体；解放了最缺乏想象力的中国古文学；中国浪漫主义文学受其影响；佛经往往带着小说或戏曲的形成。
The features of traditional Chinese translation theories(1)The Confucianism(儒学) is obvious(2) It puts emphasis on practice skills(3)It closely relates with classical Chinese esthetics.鲁迅的“易解，丰姿”双标准论，即“凡是翻译，必须兼顾两个方面，一则求其易解，一则保存原作的丰姿”，和“翻译与创作并重”的思想。
黄杲炘：从胡适的⽩话译诗《关不住了》说起（代前⾔）《关不住了》是胡适《尝试集》中的第⼆⾸⽩话译诗，翻译时间在《⽼洛伯》之后⼀年的1919年2⽉26⽇。
胡适很看重这⾸译诗，在“再版⾃序”中说，这是他“‘新诗’成⽴的纪元”。
下⾯就从这译诗说起。
⼀《关不住了》的原作与译⽂该诗原作为美国⼥诗⼈Sara Teasdale（1884—1933）的Over the Roofs。
该诗原作与胡适的译⽂如下：I said, ‘I have shut my heart, 我说“我把⼼收起，As one shuts an open door, 像⼈家把门关了，That Love may starve therein 叫爱情⽣⽣的饿死，And trouble me no more.’ 也许不再和我为难了。
”But over the roofs there came 但是五⽉的湿风，The wet new wind of May, 时时从屋顶上吹来；And a tune blew up from the curb 还有那街⼼的琴调Where the street-pianos play. ⼀阵阵的飞来。
My room was white with the sun ⼀屋⾥都是太阳光，And Love cried out in me, 这时候爱情有点醉了，‘I am strong, I will break your heart 他说，“我是关不住的，Unless you set me free.’ 我要把你的⼼打碎了。
”胡适说他“做诗以来，经过了⼗⼏年‘冥⾏索涂’的苦况；⼜因旧⽂学的习惯太深，故不容易打破旧诗词的圈套；最近这两三年，玩过了多少种的⾳节试验，⽅才渐渐有点近乎⾃然的趋势。
如《关不住了》第三段。
”显然，胡适对这⾸译诗，特别对第三段较为满意。
按我理解，他所说“近乎⾃然的趋势”，是指诗句接近⼝语，已较⾃然⽽不受诗词影响。
《最后一课》汉译及其社会背景一部文学作品的阅读和接受，总有其特定的社会土壤和话语空间。
而一部外国文学作品，借助翻译，在接受国成功地实现其生命的延续，甚至在某种意义上获得本土化再造，也总是反映着接受国独特历史条件，有接受国本土社会情感的运作参与其间。
因此，追溯一部异国作品在中国的命运，就其与一个时代的精神生活的联系加以考察，可以更好的认识它以及对它接受的历史，也更好地认识承载了这历史的我们自己。
十九世纪法国作家都德的短篇小说《最后一课》１９１２年被译入中国①，从上一世纪二十年代开始，长期入选我国中学语文教材，超越了时间和不同意识形态的阻隔，是在中国最有普遍群众基础的法国文学名著之一。
尽管在它之后，都德的其他作品也陆续译入，为数不能算很少②；但是关于都德，中国人记忆最深的，永远是普法战争，是《最后一课》。
可以说，在汉语言说都德的语汇中，最具表现力的就是《最后一课》，她甚至可以作为都德的代名词，作为“爱国主义”的符码编入了近代中国人百年的经验史和情感史。
法国人眼中或许更是擅写南方风情的温婉的都德，在中国语境中被爱国主义作家置换。
尽管学者文人曾在以哀逝情怀叙写湘西风土的沈从文身上体认了都德的韵致，显示了他们对这位诞生于普罗旺司的法国作家的审美回应，而对于普通的中国受众，星光下牧羊人的柔情和赛甘先生的山羊遥远而陌生，只有《最后一课》和都德一起熔铸为爱国主义的代码，成为我们自己精神财富的一部分。
由此可见，对一个作家的接受，尤其是对一个异域作家的跨文化接受，有时会出现对这一作家的部分的强调或部分的偏废，它是接受者自主选择的结果，与接受者所处的历史文化现场有着千丝万缕的关联。
法国文学史家朗松曾言，“每部代表作的历史都浓缩着生产该作品的民族以及接受这一作品的其他民族的兴趣史和敏感史”③。
因此，还原一个作品的跨文化阅读中所牵涉的历史语境，考察其最初接受者的阅读敏感，有助于理解这一作品在相异文化中的机遇，同时也能揭示接受者自我在外来作品的本土化运作中的意义。
名作欣赏 / 诗文评鉴 >论胡适译诗《关不住了》的诗意转变⊙甘立宏 ［中南民族大学文学与新闻传播学院， 武汉 430074］摘 要：胡适是文学革命的先行者，白话化运动的主将。
他的新诗打破了古典诗的格律，诗体更为自由。
译诗是他寻找白话新诗方向的重要途径，其中，他翻译的《关不住了》推动了他的新诗大进步，但在进步的同时胡适也表现出了情感与理性的不自觉对抗。
本文将分析胡适《关不住了》的诗意转变缘由及其中所蕴含的更为深刻的内涵。
关键词：胡适 译诗 《关不住了》 诗意转变一、诗意转变分析1919年，通过许多在美国留学的中国学生，莎拉·替斯代尔的作品传入了中国，当时广为人知的诗作，是胡适翻译的《关不住了》。
胡适在翻译之后，自称这是他新诗的新纪元。
胡适这样的表述，引得国内许多人都关注这首译诗，关注莎拉·替斯代尔。
在美国意象派诗歌的影响下，白话诗歌的自然音节、字和文法被胡适切实地展现了出来，并将诗歌散文化和白话化充分结合到了一起，真正跳脱出了旧体诗词的囹圄。
从胡适的译诗来看，他的确做到了诗体解放，但是从其中所表达出的诗意来看，胡适并没有把替斯代尔诗歌中所表达的东西按部就班直译出来，而是对诗歌中的意义做出了一些修改，融入了自己特殊的情感，让原本深藏着悲伤情感的诗歌，充满了快感。
从表面上来看，莎拉·替斯代尔的《在屋顶上》，是一首表现爱的强烈和爱的自由的浪漫主义诗歌，比如诗歌第一节写道：“我的心将紧闭/如同把曾经敞开的大门添上了一把枷锁/爱神会被关在里面直到饿死/不再扰乱我的生活”相呼应的，是在诗歌的最后一节，写道：“我的心阳光明媚/爱在里面大声呼喊/我正浑身浴火/你不给爱自由/爱就从你的胸膛喷涌而出”。
这两节原诗结合起来看，就是要把曾被迫压抑的爱彻底释放出来，给爱以自由，诗人对爱的深切渴望之情油然而生。
但是这样的翻译也不是完全正确的，在英语中break是有“打破”的意思，但是英语中也有一个词组为break one's heart，它表达着一个固定的意思:让人伤心。
胡适的翻译与白话文学作者：曹文刚来源：《语文学刊》 2015年第5期曹文刚(淮北师范大学外国语学院，安徽淮北235000)［摘要］胡适最先公开提出以翻译文学改革中国文学，极力主张用白话文翻译外国文学作品来推动白话文学。
他的白话文学翻译思想，给中国的语言文学带来了深刻影响。
胡适的白话文学翻译思想顺应了时代潮流，推动了白话文运动的迅猛发展，宣告了文言作为主流话语的退场。
胡适倡导的白话文学翻译促进了语言变革，其影响超出文学范围，在中国思想史上具有重要意义。
［关键词］胡适；翻译；白话文学［中图分类号］I206.6［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1672-8610(2015)05-0055-02胡适（1891~1962），安徽绩溪人，是中国现代史上最著名的学者之一。
“‘五四’时期，中国精英知识分子依据西方的现代性经验，推行‘新文学’运动。
”［1］171胡适在1917年1月号的《新青年》上发表了《文学改良刍议》一文，提出了“八事”主张与旧文学彻底决裂，由此拉开了声势浩大的文学革命运动的大幕。
胡适非常推重翻译对中国文学的变革与发展的重要意义。
胡适翻译的外国文学作品不算多。
他在30多年里共翻译了几十首诗歌和两部《短篇小说集》，此外，他还翻译了《娜拉》（与罗家伦合译）和杜威的《哲学的改造》（与唐擘黄合译）。
胡适在翻译实践、翻译思想和翻译批评方面都颇有建树，他还是翻译的赞助人。
在担任中华教育文化基金会编译委员会委员长期间，他主持编译出版了许多作品，胡适不仅是用白话写诗的第一人，而且是用白话译诗的第一人，他借助翻译提倡白话文，掀起了文学革命，推动了中国文学的变革。
一、胡适的白话文学翻译思想胡适提倡白话文学翻译来自于他的白话文学主张，与他倡导新文学是一脉相承的。
他认为，中国文学早已腐朽不堪，一时代有一时代之文学，文言文是滋生愚昧落后的土壤，必须废除文言而以白话取代之，否则，中国就没有再生的希望。
在胡适看来，如不改造旧文学，中国文学就无路可走，国家也会因此而衰败，文学改良实在是迫在眉睫。
以胡适译作《老洛伯》为例谈白话诗歌翻译策略与技巧作者：鲁宵昳来源：《文学教育下半月》2017年第11期内容摘要：新文化运动时期，我国初现一股翻译外国文学的热潮，国内涌现了大量优秀的翻译文学。
《老洛伯》是胡适翻译的第一首白话诗，发表于《新青年》第四卷第四期。
胡适提倡文学革命，主张推行白话文，希望通过白话文创造新文学，建设新中国。
通过对比分析《老洛伯》的原作与译作，论述胡适在《老洛伯》这一译作中使用的翻译策略与技巧。
关键词：胡适《老洛伯》翻译策略翻译技巧一、《老洛伯》的翻译策略在新文化运动时期，我国众学者开始提倡白话文学，其中翻译文学也是如此。
该时期正值欧美国家意象派，自由诗歌盛行，翻译过来的诗歌也大多带有自由倾向的烙印。
新文化运动作为中国近代史上特殊的文化转型时期，也是中国翻译文学发展的高峰期。
这一时期，胡适对外国文学及其理论的改写为他成为新文化运动的领袖人物以及后来成为二十世纪中国文化史和思想史上的中心人物奠定了坚实的基础[1]。
比如胡适翻译的这首《老洛伯》就基于改写理论，整诗采用归化的翻译策略，用白话文翻译出来的。
《老洛伯》“Auld Robin Gray”原文使用的苏格兰方言，共九小节，各个诗节长短不一。
作者通过寻常农妇的口吻进行叙述，大意是讲其心上人出海务工，而自己的父母又年老多病，迫于生活压力，她不得不舍弃心上人下嫁给老洛伯的故事。
本译文在形式上尊重原诗，恰巧对应苏格兰方言，能够把原诗的通俗意味表达出来。
例如：诗歌的第一小节：WHEN the sheep are in the fauld， and the kye at hame，And a' the warld to rest are gane，The waes o' my heart fa' in showers frae my e'e， While my gudeman lies sound by me.（Anne Lindsay）胡适的译文：羊儿在栏，牛儿在家，静悄悄地黑夜，我的好人儿早在我身边睡了，我的心头冤苦，都迸作泪雨如下。
Do you know who is the most well-known person in China?This person is well known over the world. His surname is Cha and his given name is Buduo, which means “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, county and village in this country. You must have seen him or heard about him. His name is on the lips of everybody every day, because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation.The physiognomy of Mr. Cha Buduo has same as you and I. He has a pair of eyes, but does not see straight. He has a pair of ears, but does not hear clearly. He has a nose and a mouth, but does not smell and taste well. His brain is not too small, but he has a bad memory and careless think.He often says, “Everything just needs to be OK, why to be so serious about them?”When he was a child, his mother let him buy some brown sugar, but he brought some white sugar instead. H is mother scolded him, he shook his head and said, “Brown sugar or white sugar are about the same, aren’t they ?”In school,his teacher asked him, “Which province borders Hebei on the west?” He answered, “Shaanxi.” The teacher sai d “You are wrong. It’s Shanxi, not Shaanxi.” He retorted, “Shaanxi or Shanxi are about the same, aren’t they?”Later he worked as a waiter in a shop. He could write and calculate, but his mathematics were often wrong. He also made mistake that wrote the Chinese character 十for 千or 千for十. The shopkeeper was angry and often scolded him. He just only apologized with a smile, “The difference between character千and十is one short stroke.Chinese character 十or 千are about the same,Aren’t they ?”One day, for an urgent business,he went to Shanghai by train. But he went to the railway station unhurriedly,when he arrived the railway station,the train already gone, because he was two minutes late. He stared at the smoke belching from the train, and shook his head, “ I have to leave tomorrow,however, today and tomorrow are about the same. But the railway company is too serious? 8:30 or 8:32 are about the same, aren’t they?”He walked home slowly and talking to himself why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more.He did not understand.One day he fell in ill suddenly, he told his families to fetch Dr.Wang of East Street immediately. His families went in a hurry, but he couldn’t find the Dr.Wang on East Street. So instead of Dr.Wang on East Street he fetched Vet Wang of West Street .Lying on his sickbed,he knew that his families fetched a wrong person. But, with pain and worry, he was seriously ill and he could not wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily, Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang have a try?” Then, the vet walked up to his bed, with the medical method of cow, treating Mr.Cha Buduo . In the end, Mr.Cha Buduo is died less than an hour.When Mr. Cha Buduo was about to breathe his last, he uttered intermittently in one breath,”Live or die, it’s about… about… the same…. Everything just…needs to be…OK, why to be…so serious…about them”As soon as he finished his motto, he stopped breathing.After his death, people all praise him for his way of seeing through things and thinking through all things. They say that all his life, he refused to work seriously and that he was never calculating or haggle over every ounce. He is virtuous man, So they honored him with the posthumous name Master of Easy-Going..As time goes on his fame has spread wide and become more and more famous. Thousands of people follow his example, thus everybody has become Mr. Cha Buduo,however, China will be a sluggard nation!Do you know who is the most well-known person in China?This person is well known over the world. His surname is Cha and his given name is Buduo, which means “About the Same”. He is a native of every province, county and village in this country. You must have seen him or heard about him. His name is on the lips of everybody every day, because he is representative of the whole Chinese nation.The physiognomy of Mr. Cha Buduo has same as you and I. He has a pair of eyes, but does not see straight. He has a pair of ears, but does not hear clearly. He has a nose and a mouth, but does not smell and taste well. His brain is not too small, but he has a bad memory and careless think.He often says, “Everything just needs to be OK, why to be so serious about them?”When he was a child, his mother let him buy some brown sugar, but he brought some white sugar instead. H is mother scolded him, he shook his head and said, “Brown sugar or white sugar are about the same, aren’t they ?”In school,his teacher asked him, “Which province borders Hebei on the west?” He answered, “Shaanxi.” The teacher sai d “You are wrong. It’s Shanxi, not Shaanxi.” He retorted, “Shaanxi or Shanxi are about the same, aren’t they?”Later he worked as a waiter in a shop. He could write and calculate, but his mathematics were often wrong. He also made mistake that wrote the Chinese character 十for 千or 千for十. The shopkeeper was angry and often scolded him. He just only apologized with a smile, “The difference between character千and十is one short stroke.Chinese character 十or 千are about the same,Aren’t they ?”One day, for an urgent business,he went to Shanghai by train. But he went to the railway station unhurriedly,when he arrived the railway station,the train already gone, because he was two minutes late. He stared at the smoke belching from the train, and shook his head, “ I have to leave tomorrow,however, today and tomorrow are about the same. But the railway company is too serious? 8:30 or 8:32 are about the same, aren’t they?”He walked home slowly and talking to himself why the train hadn’t waited for him for two minutes more.He did not understand.One day he fell in ill suddenly, he told his families to fetch Dr.Wang of East Street immediately. His families went in a hurry, but he couldn’t find the Dr.Wang on East Street. So instead of Dr.Wang on East Street he fetched Vet Wang of West Street .Lying on his sickbed,he knew that his families fetched a wrong person. But, with pain and worry, he was seriously ill and he could not wait any longer. So he said to himself, “Luckily, Vet Wang is about the same as Dr. Wang. Why not let Vet Wang have a try?” Then, the vet walked up to his bed, with the medical method of cow, treating Mr.Cha Buduo . In the end, Mr.Cha Buduo is died less than an hour.When Mr. Cha Buduo was abou t to breathe his last, he uttered intermittently in one breath,”Live or die, it’s about… about… the same…. Everything just…needs to be…OK, why to be…so serious…about them”As soon as he finished his motto, he stopped breathing.After his death, people all praise him for his way of seeing through things and thinking through all things. They say that all his life, he refused to work seriously and that he was never calculating or haggle over every ounce. He is virtuous man, So they honored him with the posthumous name Master of Easy-Going..As time goes on his fame has spread wide and become more and more famous. Thousands of people follow his example, thus everybody has become Mr. Cha Buduo,however, China will be a sluggard nation!差不多先生传胡适你知道中国最有名的人是谁？提起此人，人人皆晓，处处闻名。
不要抛弃学问 1 （胡适）诸位毕业生同学2：你们现在要离开母校了，我没有什么礼物送给你们，只好送你们一句话罢。
这一句话是：“不要抛弃学问。
”以前的功课也许有一大部分是为了这张文凭，不得已而做的。
从今以后，你们可依自己的心愿自由研究了。
趁现在年富力强3的时候，努力做一种专门学问。
少年4是一去不复返的，等到精力衰时，要做学问5也来不及了。
即为吃饭计，学问决不会辜负人的6。
吃饭而不求学问，三年五年之后，你们都要被后来的少年淘汰掉的。
到那时再想做点学问来补救，恐怕也太晚了。
有人说：“出去做事之后，生活问题急需解决，哪有功夫去读书？即使要做学问，既没有图书馆，又没有实验室，哪能做学问？”我要对你们说：凡是要等到有了图书馆方才读书的，有了图书馆也不肯读书。
凡是要等到有了实验室方才做研究的，有了实验室也不肯做研究7。
你有了决心要研究一个问题，自然会撙衣节食8去买书，自然会想出法子来设置仪器。
至于时间，更不成问题9。
达尔文一生多病，不能多作工，每天只能做一点钟的工作。
你们看他的成绩！每天花一点钟看10页有用的书，每年可看3600多页书；30年可以读11万页书。
诸位，11万页书可以使你成为一个学者了。
可是，每天看三种小报纸也得费你一点钟的功夫；四圈麻将10也得费你一点半钟的光阴。
看小报呢？还是打麻将呢？还是努力做一个学者呢？全靠你们自己的选择11！易卜生12说：“你的最大责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。
”学问便是铸器的工具。
抛弃了学问便是毁了你们自己。
再会了！你们的母校眼睁睁地13要看你们十年之后成什么器14。
Notes：1.《不要抛弃学问》是胡适先生在1928～1930年在上海任中国公学校长时为毕业生所作的赠言。
胡适（1981～1962）是新文化运动中很有影响的人物。
1946年曾任北京大学校长。
除学术著作外，他写过不少富有洞察力和启发性的小品文，本文就是其中一例。
“不用抛弃学问”若直译成：Never Give up Learning，意思不明确，统观全文可以了解到这句话的意思是“不用放弃对学问的追求”，必须加字：Never Give up the Pursuit of Learning 更为准确。
觉醒年代胡适就职演讲英文版翻译减缩版Ladies and gentlemen, when Mr. Yan Fu was the president of Peking University five years ago, I served in the Ministry of Education and became the chief education officer. I remember that on the day when Peking University started school, I made a little contribution to this school. Most of you have graduated from preparatory courses, and you must know that you should look at each other with new eyes and ears on the third day. Besides, several years have passed, and you must have made great progress compared with the past. I will serve Peking University today.I have three things to tell you:First, hold the purpose. When you come here to study, you must have a certain purpose. You should know that the purpose is fair or not, and you must tell the nature of the university. Great scholars are also those who study advanced knowledge. Now, some people outside often accuse Peking University of corruption, because when they come here to seek scholars, they all have the idea of being an official and getting rich, which is a shortcut. Because I want to be an official and get rich, I never ask the depth of teachers' knowledge, but only the size of teachers' official positions. Big rank, especially popular, this is probably for the convenience of graduation, someone tosupport it. What I want to say is that it takes three or four years for you to study at Peking University. If you can cherish your time and study diligently, your attainments will be very high and deep. The purpose of your coming to Peking University to study is to be an official and get rich, so this purpose is wrong, and the way to study is bound to go astray. Usually, when you travel and take the exam, you will read the handout, not asking whether there is knowledge, but only competing for scores; At the end of the exam, the books were shelved, without asking questions, and scribbled; When you get a diploma, you can use it to move in the society. Time is wasted and there is no knowledge. This is a self-mistake! This runs counter to the real purpose of studying at Peking University. You may still remember the Revolution of 1911. The reason why we want revolution is because the Qing government is too corrupt, that is, many people are not satisfied with the present situation, and that social morality is bankrupt. At this time, if you don't lay a good foundation and study hard, if you are forced by your livelihood and become a teacher, you will definitely delay students; If you enter politics, you will definitely delay the country. This is delaying others and mistaking others forthemselves. Therefore, the purpose must not be improper, which is one of those I hope for.Second, sharpen virtue. Nowadays, the social atmosphere is becoming more and more perfunctory, focusing only on the present, and things like moral loss and moral corruption are everywhere. There are few people who are not firmly rooted in virtue and are not polluted by this social atmosphere. Ladies and gentlemen, the rise and fall of a country depends on whether the social atmosphere is noble or inferior. If they are all popular in this social atmosphere, the future will be unimaginable. Therefore, outstanding people should lead by example and try their best to correct this decadent social atmosphere. All of you are university students with high status, so you are duty-bound to shoulder this heavy responsibility. If you don't practice morality, don't talk about learning, and go hand in hand with this decadent social atmosphere, you will insult yourself. What's more, you will set an example for others? Therefore, conduct can't be treated and cultivated without rigor, which is what I hope for all of you two.Third, respect teachers and friends. Be frank, open and encourage each other. Ladies and gentlemen, we are at Peking University, so we should share weal and woe. I believe that ourPeking University will definitely be a place where people of culture and thought can come out.That's all I have to say today. There is still a long way to go, so we can discuss it at any time.。
拜伦《哀希腊》及各种译本The Isles of GreeceTHE isles of Greece! the isles of Greece!Where burning Sappho loved and sung, Where grew the arts of war and peace,--- Where Delos rose and Phoebus sprung!Eternal summer gilds them yet, But all, except their sun, is set.The Scian and the Teian muse, The hero's harp, the lover's lute, Have found the fame your shores refuse;Their place of birth alone is muteTo sounds which echo further west Than your sires' "Islands of the Blest."The mountains look on Marathon---And Marathon looks on the sea;And musing there an hour alone,I dream'd that Greece might yet be free For, standing on the Persians' grave,I could not deem myself a slave.A king sat on the rocky browWhich looks on sea-born Salamis;And ships, by thousands, lay below,And men in nations;---all were his!He counted them at break of day--- And when the sun set, where were they?And where are they? and where art thou, My country? On thy voiceless shoreThe heroic lay is tuneless now---The heroic bosom beats no more!And must thy lyre, so long divine,Degenerate into hands like mine?'Tis something, in the dearth of fame, Though link'd among a fetter'd race, To feel at least a patriot's shame,Even as I sing, suffuse my face;For what is left the poet here?For Greeks a blush---for Greece a tear.Must we but weep o'er days more blest? Must we but blush?---Our fathers bled. Earth! render back from out thy breastA remnant of our Spartan dead!Of the three hundred grant but three, To make a new Thermopylae.What, silent still, and silent all?Ah! no; the voices of the dead Sound like a distant torrent's fall,And answer, "Let one living head,But one arise,---we come, we come!"'Tis but the living who are dumb.In vain---in vain: strike other chords;Fill high the cup of Samian wine! Leave battles to the Turkish hordes, And shed the blood of Scio's vine!Hark! rising to the ignoble call---How answers each bold bacchanal!You have the Pyrrhic dance as yet,Where is the Pyrrhic phalanx gone?Of two such lessons, why forgetThe nobler and the manlier one?You have the letters Cadmus gave--- Think ye he meant them for a slave?Fill high the bowl with Samian wine! We will not think of themes like these!It made Anacreon's song divine;He served---but served Polycrates---A tyrant; but our masters then Were still, at least, our countrymen.The tyrant of the ChersoneseWas freedom's best and bravest friend;That tyrant was Miltiades!Oh! that the present hour would lend Another despot of the kind!Such chains as his were sure to bind.Fill high the bowl with Samian wine!On Suli's rock, and Parga's shore, Exists the remnant of a lineSuch as the Doric mothers bore;And there, perhaps, some seed is sown, The Heracleidan blood might own.Trust not for freedom to the Franks--- They have a king who buys and sells:In native swords and native ranks,The only hope of courage dwells:But Turkish force and Latin fraud Would break your shield, however broad.Fill high the bowl with Samian wine! Our virgins dance beneath the shade--- I see their glorious black eyes shine;But, gazing on each glowing maid,My own the burning tear-drop laves,To think such breasts must suckle slaves.Place me on Sunium's marble steep---Where nothing, save the waves and I,May hear our mutual murmurs sweep: There, swan-like, let me sing and die;A land of slaves shall ne'er be mine---Dash down yon cup of Samian wine!梁启超：见所著《新中国未来记》【沉醉东风】咳！希腊啊，希腊啊！你本是和平年代的爱娇，你本是战争时代的天骄。
容忍与自由一、作家作品胡适：字适之，现代著名诗人、文史学者、思想家。
青年时代留学美国，1917年回国以后任北京大学教授，宣扬民主、科学，倡导反封建的新文化运动，率先从事白话新诗与文学史的写作，成为五四新文化运动的一位主要代表人物。
胡适在我国哲学史、文学史、古典小说和古籍整理等多个领域的研究工作中，都有重要成果。
著作有《尝试集》、《白话文学史》、《中国哲学史大纲》等等。
二、写作背景《容忍与自由》一文写作的时代背景是：国民党退至台湾已经数年，台湾当局对外试图给各国一个岛内是“安定中求进步”的自由乐土的印象；对内则采取高压政策，压制“五四”以来发展的各种思想。
1958年12月，蒋介石第三次连任“总统”，《自由中国》发表题为《欣幸中的疑虑》的文章，暗责蒋介石之任“总统”属于“违宪”，这直接触怒了蒋介石。
1959年3月3日，台北地方法院借口传讯了雷震。
在此种情况下，胡适写了《容忍与自由》，初题为《政治家的风度》，后改做《自由与容忍》，最后改定为《容忍与自由》。
由此可见《容忍与自由》是作为自由知识分子的胡适对于封建专制统治的一次上谏，但更重要的是他作为自由主义知识分子领袖对同志们发出了一种规劝，指明一条“温和”的道路。
三、主旨本文选自《胡适作品集》，最主要阐述：容忍为一切自由的根本，没有容忍，就没有自由。
原文：十七八年前，我最后一次会见了母校康耐尔大学的史学大师布尔先生（George Lincoln Burr）。
我们谈到英国史学大师阿克顿（LordActon）一生准备要著作一部“自由之史”，没有完成他就死了。
布尔先生那天谈话很多，有一句话我至今没有忘记。
他说：“我年纪越大，越感觉到容忍（tolerance）比自由还更重要。
”布尔先生死了十多年了，他这句话我越想越觉得是一句不可磨灭的格言。
我自己也有“年纪越大，越觉得容忍比自由还更重要”的感想。
有时我竟觉得容忍是一切自由的根本：没有容忍，就没有自由。
我十七岁的时候（1908）曾在《竞业旬报》上发表几条“无鬼丛话”，其中有一条是痛骂小说《西游记》和《封神榜》的，我说：《王制》有之：“假于鬼神时日卜筮以疑众，杀。
