我国土壤污染状况概述.

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环境科学概论课程论文 2013年12月23日 论文题目: 我国土壤污染现状概述 学 院: 农业资源与环境学院 年 级: 2011 专 业: 农业资源与环境 姓 名: 张文祥 学 号: 20114528 指导教师: 黄雅曦 摘要 土壤是生物和人类赖以生存和生活的重要环境,随着工业化的发展、城市化进程的深入,我国土壤环境污染不断加剧。由土壤污染引发的农产品质量安全问题和群体性事件逐年增多。本文旨在通过对我国土壤污染现状的分析,揭示土壤污染防治的必要性,提出加强土壤污染防治,切实保护土壤资源及加强土壤保护等方面的建议。

关键词 土壤污染;污染类型;防治对策 Abstract Soil is an important environment biological and human life. With the development of industrialization, urbanization, soil pollution is increasing. Due to the soil pollution caused by the quality and safety of agricultural products and group event is increasing year by year. This paper aims to reveal the need for soil pollution prevention and control, proposed to strengthen soil pollution prevention and control, soil resources to effectively protect and enhance soil conservation and other aspects of the proposal through analysis of soil pollution in China.

Key words soil pollution;pollution type; prevention countermeasures 我国土壤污染现状概述 目录

摘要 ...................................................................................................................................... - 2 - Abstract ................................................................................................................................ - 2 -

1. 土壤污染的概念 ............................................................................................................ - 9 - 2. 土壤污染的特点 ................................................................................................................. 1 2.1隐蔽性和滞后性 ....................................................................................................... 1 2.2 累积性 ....................................................................................................................... 1 2.3 不可逆转性 ............................................................................................................... 2 2.4 难治理性 ................................................................................................................... 2 2.5 高辐射性 .................................................................................................................. 2 3. 我国土壤污染的类型 ......................................................................................................... 2 3.1 土壤重金属污染 ........................................................................................................ 2 3.1.1 肥料、农药是污染源之一 ............................................................................. 3 3.1.2 废旧电池 ......................................................................................................... 3 3.1.3 工业污水排放 ................................................................................................. 3 3.2 土壤有机物污染 ........................................................................................................ 3 3.2.1 有机农药 ......................................................................................................... 4 3.2.2 多环芳烃 ......................................................................................................... 4 3.2.3 二恶英 ............................................................................................................. 5 3.2.4 邻苯二甲酸酯 ................................................................................................. 5 3.2.5 有机固体 ......................................................................................................... 5 3.3 土壤化肥污染 ............................................................................................................ 6 3.4 放射性物质对土壤的污染 ........................................................................................ 6 3.5 病原微生物对土壤的污染 ........................................................................................ 6 3.6 酸雨对土壤的污染 ................................................................................................... 6 4. 我国土壤污染防治对策 ..................................................................................................... 7 4.1 制定土壤污染防治法 ................................................................................................ 7 我国土壤污染现状概述 4.2 科学污水灌溉 ............................................................................................................ 7 4.3 合理使用农药 ............................................................................................................ 7 4.4 合理施用化肥 ............................................................................................................ 7 4.5 施用化学改良剂 ........................................................................................................ 8 4.6 改变耕作制度 ............................................................................................................ 8 4.7 农业生态工程措施 .................................................................................................... 8 4.8 加强对污染区域的监测和管理 ................................................................................ 8 4.9 加大土壤污染防治宣传、教育与培训力度 ............................................................ 8 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................. 10