THE DISSIPATION RATE TRANSPORT EQUATION AND SUBGRID-SCALE MODELS IN ROTATING TURBULENCE #
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National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationLangley Research Center
Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199NASA/CR-97-206250
ICASE Report No. 97-63
The Dissipation Rate Transport Equation
and Subgrid-Scale Models in Rotating Turbulence
Robert Rubinstein and Ye Zhou
ICASE
Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering
NASA Langley Research Center
Hampton, VA
Operated by Universities Space Research Association
November 1997Prepared for Langley Research Centerunder Contract NAS1-19480THEDISSIPATIONRATETRANSPORTEQUATION
ANDSUBGRID-SCALEMODELSINROTATINGTURBULENCE∗
ROBERTRUBINSTEIN†ANDYEZHOU‡
Abstract.Thedissipationratetransportequationremainsthemostuncertainpartofturbulencemod-
eling.Thedifficultiesareincreasedwhenexternalagencieslikerotationpreventstraightforwarddimensional
analysisfromdeterminingthecorrectformofthemodelledequation.Inthiswork,thedissipationrate
transportequationandsubgridscalemodelsforrotatingturbulencearederivedfromananalyticalstatisti-
caltheoryofrotatingturbulence.Inthestrongrotationlimit,thetheorypredictsaturbulentsteadystate
inwhichtheinertialrangeenergyspectrumscalesask−2andtheturbulenttimescaleistheinverserotation
rate.Thisscalinghasbeenderivedpreviouslybyheuristicarguments.
Keywords.Dissipationratetransportequation,subgridscalemodels,rotatingturbulence
Subjectclassification.FluidMechanics
1.Introduction.Kraichnan’s(1959)DirectInteractionApproximation(DIA)andrelatedLagrangian
closures(Kraichnan,1964;Kaneda,1968)remaintheonlyfullydeductiveturbulencetheories.Althougha
studyofasimpleinhomogeneousflow,likechannelflow,usingtheseclosureswouldbeofthegreatesttheo-
reticalandpracticalinterest,thecomplexityofthecalculationsrequiredhasprecludedanybutpreliminary
results(Dannevik,1992).
PracticalapplicationofDIAthereforerequiressomecompromiseofrigorintheinterestofutility.The
mostcomprehensiveattempttoextractturbulencemodelsfromDIAremainsthetwo-scaletheory(TSDIA)
ofYoshizawa(1984,1996)inwhichinhomogeneity,anisotropy,andtime-dependentnonequilibriumeffects
areintroducedbyperturbingaboutastateofhomogeneous,isotropic,stationaryturbulence.
Yoshizawa’sprocedureleadstoformulasforquantitiesfamiliarinsinglepointphenomenologicalturbu-
lenceclosureslikethetwo-equationmodel.Atypicalresult(Yoshizawa,1984)istheexpressionforeddy
viscosity
ν=4
∗ThisresearchwassupportedbyNASAunderContractNo.NAS1-19480whiletheauthorswereinresidenceatICASE.†InstituteforComputerApplicationsinScienceandEngineering,NASALangleyResearchCenter,Hampton,VA23681‡InstituteforComputerApplicationsinScienceandEngineering,NASALangleyResearchCenter,Hampton,VA23681andIBMResearchDivision,T.J.WatsonResearchCenter,P.O.Box,218,YorktownHeights,NY10598(email:zhou@icase.eduand/oryzhou@watson.ibm.com).
1isaparticularlysimpleexternaleffect,sincetheenergyremainsaninviscidinvariantunderrotation,anda
steadystatewithconstantenergyfluxremainspossible.ButKolmogorovscalingmaynolongerapplyto
thissteadystateandtheoccurenceofadistinguishedtimescaleprecludesthedeductionoftheapplicable
scalinglawbydimensionalanalysis.Todeducethescaling,wewillappealtoclosureintheformofthedirect
interactionapproximation.
Forrotatingturbulence,theDIAequationsofmotiontaketheform
˙Gij(k,t,s)+2Pip(k)ΩpqGqj(k,t,s)
+t
sdrηip(k,t,r)Gpj(k,r,s)=0(2)
˙Qij(k,t,s)+2Pip(k)ΩpqQqj(k,t,s)
+t
sdrηip(k,t,r)Qpj(k,r,s)
=t
0drGip(k,t,r)Fpj(k,s,r)(3)
wheretheeddydampingηandforcingFaredefinedby
ηir(k,t,s)=
k=p+qdpdqPimn(k)Pµrs(p)×
Gmµ(p,t,s)Qns(q,t,s)(4)
Fij(k,t,s)=
k=p+qdpdqPimn(k)Pjrs(k)×
Qns(p,t,s)Qmr(q,t,s)(5)
InEqs.(4)and(5),
Pimn(k)=kmPin(k)+knPim(k)
Pim(k)=δim−k−2kikm
andΩpqistheantisymmetricrotationmatrix.Thesolutionoftheseequationsincompletegeneralityis
notknown.Ausefulsimplification,EDQNM,effectivelyreplacestheresponseequationEq.(2)bya
phenomenologicalhypothesis,andsolvesasimplified,MarkovianizedversionofthecorrelationequationEq.
(3)(CambonandJacquin,1986).
AperturbativesolutionoftheseequationsissuggestedbyLeslie’s(1972)treatmentofshearturbulence:
treattherotationtermsassmall,andperturbaboutanisotropicturbulentstate.Thisapproachisadopted
byShimomuraandYoshizawa(1986)whoderiveaTSDIAtheoryinwhichbothinhomogeneityandrotation
aredescribedbysmallparameters.
Acomplementarylimitisalsoofinterest.Namely,intheresponseequation,balancethetimederivative
bytherotationterm,andtreattheeddydampingassmall.Thislineartheoryoftheresponseequation
treatsstronglyrotatingturbulenceasacaseofweakturbulence(Zakharovetal,1992)inwhichnonlinear
decorrelationofFouriermodesisdominatedbylineardispersivedecorrelation(Waleffe,1993).Theresultis
convenientlyexpressedintermsoftheCraya-Herringbasis
e(1)(k)=k×Ω/|k×Ω|
e(2)(k)=k×(k×Ω)/|k×(k×Ω)|
2