THE DISSIPATION RATE TRANSPORT EQUATION AND SUBGRID-SCALE MODELS IN ROTATING TURBULENCE #

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National Aeronautics andSpace AdministrationLangley Research Center

Hampton, Virginia 23681-2199NASA/CR-97-206250

ICASE Report No. 97-63

The Dissipation Rate Transport Equation

and Subgrid-Scale Models in Rotating Turbulence

Robert Rubinstein and Ye Zhou

ICASE

Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering

NASA Langley Research Center

Hampton, VA

Operated by Universities Space Research Association

November 1997Prepared for Langley Research Centerunder Contract NAS1-19480THEDISSIPATIONRATETRANSPORTEQUATION

ANDSUBGRID-SCALEMODELSINROTATINGTURBULENCE∗

ROBERTRUBINSTEIN†ANDYEZHOU‡

Abstract.Thedissipationratetransportequationremainsthemostuncertainpartofturbulencemod-

eling.Thedifficultiesareincreasedwhenexternalagencieslikerotationpreventstraightforwarddimensional

analysisfromdeterminingthecorrectformofthemodelledequation.Inthiswork,thedissipationrate

transportequationandsubgridscalemodelsforrotatingturbulencearederivedfromananalyticalstatisti-

caltheoryofrotatingturbulence.Inthestrongrotationlimit,thetheorypredictsaturbulentsteadystate

inwhichtheinertialrangeenergyspectrumscalesask−2andtheturbulenttimescaleistheinverserotation

rate.Thisscalinghasbeenderivedpreviouslybyheuristicarguments.

Keywords.Dissipationratetransportequation,subgridscalemodels,rotatingturbulence

Subjectclassification.FluidMechanics

1.Introduction.Kraichnan’s(1959)DirectInteractionApproximation(DIA)andrelatedLagrangian

closures(Kraichnan,1964;Kaneda,1968)remaintheonlyfullydeductiveturbulencetheories.Althougha

studyofasimpleinhomogeneousflow,likechannelflow,usingtheseclosureswouldbeofthegreatesttheo-

reticalandpracticalinterest,thecomplexityofthecalculationsrequiredhasprecludedanybutpreliminary

results(Dannevik,1992).

PracticalapplicationofDIAthereforerequiressomecompromiseofrigorintheinterestofutility.The

mostcomprehensiveattempttoextractturbulencemodelsfromDIAremainsthetwo-scaletheory(TSDIA)

ofYoshizawa(1984,1996)inwhichinhomogeneity,anisotropy,andtime-dependentnonequilibriumeffects

areintroducedbyperturbingaboutastateofhomogeneous,isotropic,stationaryturbulence.

Yoshizawa’sprocedureleadstoformulasforquantitiesfamiliarinsinglepointphenomenologicalturbu-

lenceclosureslikethetwo-equationmodel.Atypicalresult(Yoshizawa,1984)istheexpressionforeddy

viscosity

ν=4

∗ThisresearchwassupportedbyNASAunderContractNo.NAS1-19480whiletheauthorswereinresidenceatICASE.†InstituteforComputerApplicationsinScienceandEngineering,NASALangleyResearchCenter,Hampton,VA23681‡InstituteforComputerApplicationsinScienceandEngineering,NASALangleyResearchCenter,Hampton,VA23681andIBMResearchDivision,T.J.WatsonResearchCenter,P.O.Box,218,YorktownHeights,NY10598(email:zhou@icase.eduand/oryzhou@watson.ibm.com).

1isaparticularlysimpleexternaleffect,sincetheenergyremainsaninviscidinvariantunderrotation,anda

steadystatewithconstantenergyfluxremainspossible.ButKolmogorovscalingmaynolongerapplyto

thissteadystateandtheoccurenceofadistinguishedtimescaleprecludesthedeductionoftheapplicable

scalinglawbydimensionalanalysis.Todeducethescaling,wewillappealtoclosureintheformofthedirect

interactionapproximation.

Forrotatingturbulence,theDIAequationsofmotiontaketheform

˙Gij(k,t,s)+2Pip(k)ΩpqGqj(k,t,s)

+󰀆t

sdrηip(k,t,r)Gpj(k,r,s)=0(2)

˙Qij(k,t,s)+2Pip(k)ΩpqQqj(k,t,s)

+󰀆t

sdrηip(k,t,r)Qpj(k,r,s)

=󰀆t

0drGip(k,t,r)Fpj(k,s,r)(3)

wheretheeddydampingηandforcingFaredefinedby

ηir(k,t,s)=󰀆

k=p+qdpdqPimn(k)Pµrs(p)×

Gmµ(p,t,s)Qns(q,t,s)(4)

Fij(k,t,s)=󰀆

k=p+qdpdqPimn(k)Pjrs(k)×

Qns(p,t,s)Qmr(q,t,s)(5)

InEqs.(4)and(5),

Pimn(k)=kmPin(k)+knPim(k)

Pim(k)=δim−k−2kikm

andΩpqistheantisymmetricrotationmatrix.Thesolutionoftheseequationsincompletegeneralityis

notknown.Ausefulsimplification,EDQNM,effectivelyreplacestheresponseequationEq.(2)bya

phenomenologicalhypothesis,andsolvesasimplified,MarkovianizedversionofthecorrelationequationEq.

(3)(CambonandJacquin,1986).

AperturbativesolutionoftheseequationsissuggestedbyLeslie’s(1972)treatmentofshearturbulence:

treattherotationtermsassmall,andperturbaboutanisotropicturbulentstate.Thisapproachisadopted

byShimomuraandYoshizawa(1986)whoderiveaTSDIAtheoryinwhichbothinhomogeneityandrotation

aredescribedbysmallparameters.

Acomplementarylimitisalsoofinterest.Namely,intheresponseequation,balancethetimederivative

bytherotationterm,andtreattheeddydampingassmall.Thislineartheoryoftheresponseequation

treatsstronglyrotatingturbulenceasacaseofweakturbulence(Zakharovetal,1992)inwhichnonlinear

decorrelationofFouriermodesisdominatedbylineardispersivedecorrelation(Waleffe,1993).Theresultis

convenientlyexpressedintermsoftheCraya-Herringbasis

e(1)(k)=k×Ω/|k×Ω|

e(2)(k)=k×(k×Ω)/|k×(k×Ω)|

2