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文学中的乌托邦与反乌托邦乌托邦和反乌托邦是两个截然不同的概念。
乌托邦源自希腊文，意为“没有地方之地”。
它是指一种理想的、完美的社会或世界，一种不存在的、不可能实现的理念。
而反乌托邦则是对乌托邦的反思和批判，是一种对现实中社会问题和人性弊病的揭示。
乌托邦最早可以追溯到托马斯·莫尔的《乌托邦》。
这部作品描述了一个理想的社会，人们在里面过着不需要政府约束和贫富差距的美好生活。
这一概念激发了无数作家的创作灵感，从而衍生出了许多充满想象力的乌托邦文学作品。
乌托邦作品通常具有特定的社会结构和价值观。
例如，奥威尔的《1984》描绘了一个极权主义国家，通过监视和思想控制来达到社会稳定，但同时也失去了人们的自由和个性。
与此相反，荒木经惟的《丢失的乌托邦》则设想了一个没有任何规则和限制的乌托邦社会，每个个体都可以自由地追求自己的欲望。
与乌托邦相对应的就是反乌托邦。
反乌托邦作品通常以揭露社会问题和人性弊病为主题，通过极端的场景和形象展现社会的黑暗面。
例如，赫胥黎的《美丽新世界》描绘了一个科技高度发达、人类通过基因工程和药物控制而缺乏真实情感的社会。
乌托邦和反乌托邦作品可以说是互为影像，通过对比和对立来凸显彼此的特点。
值得注意的是，乌托邦与反乌托邦并不仅仅局限于科幻或未来题材。
在现实主义文学中，也可以找到对乌托邦和反乌托邦的思考与揭示。
例如，巴尔扎克的《欧也妮·格朗佩》中，作者通过对当时法国社会阶级固化和人性的揭示，描述了一个对个人自由无法实现的现实反乌托邦。
乌托邦和反乌托邦作品在文学中扮演着重要的角色。
它们通过对理想社会和现实社会的对照和比较，让读者思考和反思当下社会的问题。
乌托邦作品让我们心生向往，但同时也提醒我们理想世界的不可实现性和人性的局限性。
而反乌托邦作品则警示我们要保持警觉，不盲目追求完美社会，因为完美社会往往建立在对个人自由的压制和权力的集中上。
总之，文学中的乌托邦与反乌托邦是两个相对的概念，通过对理想社会和现实社会的刻画，展现了人性的光明与黑暗。
Utopia and DystopiaThe utopia and its offshoot, the dystopia, are genres of literature that explore social and political structures. Utopian fiction is the creation of an ideal world, or utopia, as the setting for a novel. Dystopian fiction is the opposite: creation of a nightmare world, or dystopia. Many novels combine both, often as a metaphor for the different directions humanity can take in its choices, ending up with one of two possible futures. Both utopias and dystopias are commonly found in science fiction and other speculative fiction genres, and arguably are by definition a type of speculative fiction. The word utopia was first used in this context by Sir Thomas More in his 1516 work Utopia. The word utopia resembles both the Greek words "no place", "outopos", and "good place", "eutopos". In his book, which was written in Latin, More sets out a vision of an ideal society. As the title suggests, the work presents an ambiguous and ironic projection of the ideal state.Dystopia is defined as a society characterized by poverty, squalor, or oppression. Most authors of dystopian fiction explore at least one reason why things are that way. Dystopias usually extrapolate elements of contemporary society and are read by many as political warnings. Many purported utopias reveal a dystopian character by suppressing justice, freedom and happiness.George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four is a dystopian novel about a coercive and impoverished totalitarian society, conditioning its population through propaganda rather than drugs. Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale describes a future North America governed by strict religious rules which only the privileged dare defy. CombinationsJonathan Swift's Gulliver's Travels is sometimes linked with utopian (and dystopian) literature, because it shares the general preoccupation with ideas of the good (and bad) society. Of the countries Lemuel Gulliver visits, only the Country of the Houyhnhnms approaches a utopia; most of the others have significant dystopian aspects.Many works combine elements of both utopias and dystopias. Typically, an observer from our world will journey to another place or time and see one society the author considers ideal, and another representing the worst possible outcome. The point is usually that the choices we make now may lead to a better or worse potential future world.。
Section Ⅲ Utopia & A Changing World根据提示写出下列单词1．________ n．优点，长处2．________ n. 结构，框架3．________ n. 盛宴，宴会4．________ n. 盈余，剩余5．________ vt. 选举，推选6．________ adj. 宽大的，仁慈的7．________ vt.&vi. 播(种)8．________ n. 相撞9．________ n. 喷泉，喷水池10．________ vt. 摇摆，摆动11．________ vt.&vi. 腐烂12．________ vt. 跳过13．________ n. 版本14．________ adj. 有香味的15．________ vt. 投下16．________ vt. 着手做，从事17．________ vt. 挤18．________ n. 口渴19．________ n. 容器20．________ vt. 转达；传送【答案】 1.virtue 2.framework 3.feast 4．surplus 5.elect 6.merciful 7.sow 8．collision9.fountain10.wag11.rot12.skip 13．edition 14.fragrant15.cast16.undertake 17．squeeze18.thirst19.container 20.relay根据提示补全下列短语1．show ________ 炫耀，夸耀2．knock ________ sb. 撞上某人3．________ point 转折点4．set ________ 建立5．take ________ 占据6．make ________ 编造7．pick ________ 捡起；接人8．keep an eye ________ 留意9．________ doubt 无疑10．date back ________ 上溯到，追溯到11．more ________ 不只是，不仅仅【答案】 1.off 2.into 3.turning 4.up 5.up 6.up7.up 8.on9.no 10.to 11.than根据提示补全下列教材原句1．They come to see the grand sights of the Great Wall and the Forbidden City but often it_is the hutongs that leave the strongest impression...他们特意来看长城和紫禁城的壮丽景色，但常常是那些胡同给他们留下最深的印象……2．By connecting people's homes，the hutongs in fact connected people's lives，whether the lives of the rich or the lives of the ordinary citizens.胡同不仅使家家户户相通，实际上不管是富人还是普通人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。
