M2 Unit 1

M2 Unit 1◇单词点睛◇1puzzled adj.(confused)困惑的；茫然的(1)be puzzled about/over/at sth. 对某事感到困惑(2)puzzle vt. 迷惑，使为难n. 谜puzzle over sth. 深思，对某事苦苦思索(以便理解)puzzle sth. out 苦思而找出问题的答案do a word puzzle 猜字谜(3)puzzling adj. 使人迷惑的2.witness n. 目击者，证人vt. 目击，见证be (a) witness to sth. 目击某事；看见某事发生give/bear witness (to sth. ) (为……)作证，证明witness (sb. doing) sth. 目击了(某人做)某事【点津】(1)witness一般用作及物动词，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句作宾语；(2)用作不及物动词，意为“为……的证据”，常和to搭配，to为介词。

例如：witness to the fact 为事实的证据。

[2012•山东卷•阅读C] Many times, Peter and others who worked in and near Park Plaza witnessed squirrels being run over.有许多次，彼得和其他在公园广场里面及其附近工作的人都目睹过松鼠被车子压过的情景。

I was (a) witness to their quarrel. 我是他们吵架时的目击者。

3.assume vt. 假定；认为assume that. . . 设想……It is assumed that. . . 人们推测/认为……assume + sb. / sth. + to be. . . 以为某人/某物是……①I am assuming that the present situation is going to continue. 我认为目前的情况将会继续下去。

②It is assumed that she will be back at seven. 据推测她将七点钟回来。

③I ____ ____ __ __ the cleverest boy in this class. 我认为他是这个班里最聪明的学生。

4.occur vi. 发生sth. occur(s) to sb. 某人想到某事It occurs to sb. that. . . 某人想到……【辨析】occur 比较正式的用语，可用于具体或抽象的事物，在表示具体的事物时，可与happen换用。

但是，如果表示“某想法”出现在人的头脑之中，不能用happen代替occur。

happen常指具体事件的发生，特别指那些偶然的或未能预见的“发生”。

happen还可表示“碰巧；恰好”之意。

take place 一般指非偶然性事件的“发生”，即这种事件的发生一定有某种原因或事先的安排，此外take place还有“举行”的意思。

come about多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。

How did it come about? 那事是怎么发生的？When will the sports meeting take place?运动会什么时候举行？The accident happened outside my house.事故发生在我家房子的外面。

An earthquake happened/occurred/took place in that city yesterday evening.昨天晚上那座城市发生了地震。

[2012•广东卷•阅读C] Apart from that, there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.除此之外，在上下班途中过去还常常发生各种各样的灾难。

5.dismissVt.(1) 解散，遣散，让散开，让离开；把…打发走The teacher dismissed the class early.(2) 免(或撤)…的职，罢…的官；革(职)，解雇，开除The boss dismissed the employee.(3)把…不放在心上；(从脑海中)去除；摒弃，抛弃，剔除，不接受；拒绝考虑，不再考虑；消除(顾虑等)：He dismissed the story as mere rumor.The proposal was dismissed.(4)草率(或简单、迅速)地处理；不认真对待，应付：(5)【法律】驳回，不受理(控告、上诉等)，对…不予受理：The court dismissed the case because of lack of evidence.vi.解散：The class dismissed.6.award n. 奖，奖品, 奖金vt. 授予，奖励win/receive/get an award 得奖award sb. sth. / award sth. to sb. 授予某人某物【辨析】award(1)作名词时，指对于优异成绩或卓越贡献经评定后正式授予的奖励。

(2)作动词时，强调“授予(奖章、奖金等)”,后面可接两个宾语：被授予的人和所授的奖励。

prize(1)作名词时，指确认某人在竞赛中所获得的优异成绩并给予特殊的奖励, 也含有优胜者几经拼搏、胜利来之不易的意思。

(2)作动词时，意为“珍视，高度重视”。

reward(1)作名词时，指对某人工作或服务等的“报答”，也指警方提供的“悬赏金”。

(2)作动词时，则强调“给以报酬”, 只能以人或人的行为作宾语, 如果要说明以何为报酬, 须加with短语。

注意：在结构上，award后可接双宾语；award sb. sth(通常为奖金或奖状)。

reward后只接一个宾语，通常以人或人的行为为宾语，句型是reward sb. with sth.。

They awarded her the Nobel Prize.He rewarded her with money for her heroic deeds. 他为她的英雄行为而给她奖金。

Her efforts were rewarded with success in career. 她的努力使她获得了事业的成功[2012•湖北卷•阅读C] She was awarded a medical degree in January 1877.她在1877年1月被授予了医学学位。

7.dozen n．一打，十二个by the dozen按打计算dozens of 许多【易混辨析】dozen与scoredozen一打，十二个，dozen前面有具体数字时，其后不加­s、不加of。

而score二十，但是当它们构成短语dozens of, scores of时，意义一样。

[2012•江西卷•完形填空] From the water on the ground, it seemed that he had already finished washing and cleaning about a dozen or more cars.从地面上的水可以看出，他好像已经洗净了大约12部甚至更多的车辆。

8.reserve n. (动植物)保护区；储备vt. 预订；保留；储备(1)a nature reserve 自然保护区(2)reserve sth. for sb. /sth. 为某人/某物保留、预订……be reserved for 留作, (专)供……之用in reserve 储存(3)reserved adj. 保留的；预订的reservation n. 保留、预订(房间、座位等)①Reserve your strength for the climb.留点力气准备攀登吧。

②We always keep some money in reserve, just in case.我们常储备一些钱，仅仅是以防万一。

③These seats are reserved for special guests.这些座位是为特殊客人保留的。

9.convince vt.[使相信，使信服，说服(1)convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb. to do sth. 劝/说服某人做某事convince sb. that...It is convinced that…人们相信……(2)convinced adj. 确信的；坚信不疑的be/become convinced of…相信……，确信……(3) convincing adj. 令人信服的；有说服力的________ that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis，people are optimistic about the future of the country.◇短语储存◇1step up加快，增加；走上前，走近;提升①Trade has been stepping up recently，since the weather turned warmer.因天气转暖，最近贸易不断增加。

②John stepped up onto the platform and began to speak.约翰走上讲台开始发言。

③He has stepped up into the management of the firm．他升入了公司的管理层。

2.due to由于，因为；应支付/归于某人；预计做某事(作表语/状语)①The team’s success was largely due to her efforts.这个队的成功很大程度上是她努力的结果。

②His success was largely due to his hard work．他的成功在很大程度上归功于他的辛勤工作。

③The sports meet，originally ________ be held last Friday，was finally put off because of the bad weather.【拓展延伸】种种“原因”because of 由于，因为owing to 由于，因为on account of 由于，因为as a result of 作为……的结果；由于thanks to 幸亏，由于(多表示正面的原因)3.show up出现，现身；露面【拓展】翻译以下短语show off ______ show sb. around ____________show sb. in/out____________4make up编造，捏造，虚构；组成，构成；化妆；和好；整理；补足，补上make up for 弥补；补偿；补回make for 有利于；走向前make it 及时到达；成功make one's way to 朝……走去make a living 谋生make a difference 有影响make way for…为……让路make…into 将……变成make out (勉强) 听见，看见；理解5look into调查，研究look after 照看look over 检查look on 旁观look on/upon sb./sth. as 把……看作look about/around 向四周看；四处寻找look ahead 向前看；展望未来look alike 相像；相似look away 把脸转过去look back 回顾；回过头看look down upon/on sb. 轻视/鄙视某人look up to sb. 尊敬某人look forward 向前看look forward to doing/sth. 期待(做)……，期望(做)……look out 向外看；当心，小心(＝be careful＝watch out)look through 透过……看；快速检查，快速阅读；仔细检查，逐一审查look up 仰视；(从词典、电话本等中)查找◇句型透视◇1.Witnesses also say they saw Justin walking towards his house at 10. 45 p. m.“感官动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构。