中考英语词汇复习资料主谓一致,就近原则,语法一致原则,意义一致原则

中考英语复习：主谓一致和倒装句从单项选择到书面表达，都可能涉及到主谓一致的题，是中考试卷必考题目。

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。

主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。

语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。

就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。

倒装句因为与汉语语言习惯的不同和较多的句型结构而成为初中英语的难点，在中考试卷中也总有一定的比例，尤其在阅读理解和完形填空中对上下文的理解会有很大的影响，因此也是中考复习的重点。

语法一致原则谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。

如：The boy is clever enough to study maths well.这个男孩够聪明，可以把数学学好。

Everybody in my class tries to do well in English.我们班每个人都努力学好英语。

下列情况谓语动词只能用单数：1）不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：Water is very important to the trees.水对树来说非常重要。

2）动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：To improve your English is the most important work.提高你的英语是最重要的工作。

Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。

主谓一致的三大原则一、语法一致原则该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，动词用复数形式：Both my parents are doctors. 我的父母都是医生。

The living-room walls are a light yellow. 客厅的墙是淡黄色。

The two factories are in the same locality. 两家工厂都在同一个地区。

Her job is teaching French. 她的工作是教法语。

The location of the house is near the highway. 房子的地点靠近公路。

A large amount of damage was done in a short time. 短期内造成大量损害。

二、意义一致原则有时候谓语动词的数取决于主语所表示的概念，而不是其语法形式：This news is important for us. 这条消息对我们很重要。

Paris is among the largest cities in the would. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。

The thesis was about a hundred and fifty pages long. 论文有一百五十页长。

Watch out! The police are coming. 当心，警察来了。

Less people are going to university than usual. 现在上大学的人比平时少。

三、就近原则有时，谓语动词的数决定于主语中最靠近它的词语：Either you or I am wrong. 不是你错了就是我错了。

Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. 老师和学生对此都不感兴趣。

中考英语专题复习主谓一致Standardization of sany group #QS8QHH-HHGX8Q8-GNHHJ8-HHMHGN#中考英语专项复习------主谓一致【主谓一致命题】1、主谓一致的语法一致原则2、主谓一致的整体一致原则3、主谓一致的就近一致原则4、主谓一致的意义一致原则5、主谓一致的附加原则【考点】一、由or, either... or... , neither... nor... , not only...but also... , whether...or...等连接并列主语时,常采用就近原则,动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。

【考例】Not only Jim but also his sister ______a few cities in the southsince they came to China．[临沂市]A．will visit B. has visited C．have visitedD ．visitedNeither Jim nor his cousins _______to America, but _____of them know the country very well. [0潍坊市]A．have been；a11 B. have been; both C has been; all D．has been; both二、 the number of + 复数名词,主语是the number(数量),谓语动词用单数;a number of +复数名词,主语是复数名词,a number of作定语, 相当于many,谓语动词用复数。

【考例】Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (包头) A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deerD. is a number of deersThe number of ________ in our class ________ fifty. (烟台)A. student, isB. the students, areC. the students, isD. students, are三、动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。

英语主谓一致的三个原则英语中主谓一致有三个原则，语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则，有关英语主谓一致的考点详情如下：一、语法一致原则即主语语法形式上的单复数形式与谓语的单复数形式要一致。

1.单数名词、代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句做主语时，谓语动词一般采用单数形式。

注意：一个主语从句做主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

但若从句谓语或从句后的表语是复数形式，则谓语动词用复数形式。

2.当主语是and, both……and 连接的并列结构时，如果主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或物，谓语动词用复数。

注意：两个单数名词用and连接，表示同一人，同一物、同一概念，或不可分割的整体时，谓语动词仍用单数。

这时and 后面的名词没有冠词。

3.由 and 连接的并列单数主语的前面分别有each、every 、no、many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。

Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.每一个人都很有理由为他们的父亲所从事的职业感到骄傲。

Each boy and each girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。

Many a teacher and many a student has seen the film.许多老师和学生都看过这部电影。

注意：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语：each作主语或其修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Each student has an MP3, which gives them more ways to enjoy their spare time.每个学生都有一个MP3，这给他们在课余时间享受生活提供了更多的方式。

Each of the class has been given a bike.这个班里的每一个学生都得到了一辆自行车。

专题12 主谓一致本章节内容 1. 语法一致原则2.意义一致原则3.就近原则一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致,即主语是单数形式时,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语是复数形式时,谓语动词也采用复数形式。

1.当and连接两个或多个名词或both...and...连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。

Tom and Mike are good friends.Tom和Mike是好朋友。

Both Lucy and Lily are students.Lucy和Lily都是学生。

2.either,neither,each one,the other,another,anybody,anyone,anything,someone,somebody,something,everyone, everybody,everything,nobody,no one,nothing等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Is there anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车有什么毛病吗?Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。

3.each,each...and each...,every...and every...作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。

Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。

4.在下列结构中,谓语动词的形式和前面的A部分保持一致。

A++B+谓语动词+...1.The boy together with his parents goes to the museum once a week.那个男孩同他的父母一起每周去一次博物馆。

2.The captain,as well as the other players,was tired.队长还有其他运动员都感到累了。

主谓一致主谓一致的原则1.语法一致原则主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。

➢He is a famous singer.➢The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins.➢Life is full of the unexpected.➢ A sad movie makes me cry.➢Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning.2.意义一致原则以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。

这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。

➢The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级）➢Generally speaking, the disable need more help.➢Someone is knocking at the door.3.就近原则谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。

这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。

➢There is an apple and two pears on the table.➢There are two pears and an apple on the table.主谓一致的应用1.谓语动词用单数(1)不可数名词作主语时➢Water is very important for humans.➢Knowledge is power.➢Happiness lies first of all in health.(2)表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时➢Eight hours of sleep is enough .➢Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson.➢Ten kilometers is a long distance.(3)主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时➢Each of the students has a dictionary.➢Either is good enough for me.➢Neither of the books is useful to him.➢No man is born wise.(4)主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时➢Anyone who arrives here first will get a present.➢I think that something interesting is going to happen.➢Everybody deserves a chance.➢Nothing is more important than health.(5)主语为little, much或被much修饰时➢Very little has been done about it.➢Much of the time was wasted.➢Much water is needed in this place.(6)主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时➢Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall.➢More than one chair is in the room.➢One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl.(7)“one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时➢One of these notebooks is mine.➢The number of the members in the swimming club is 50.(8)学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时➢Physics is not his strong point.➢China is a developing country.➢Treasure Island is the most interesting book I’ve read.➢The United Nations was formed in 1945.2.谓语动词用复数(1)主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时➢Both of my sisters are teachers.➢ A few vegetables were left.➢Several of the grapes are bad.(2)“the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等）作主语时➢The young are full of energy.(3)“the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时➢The Smiths were watching TV this time last night.(4)山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时➢The Olympic Games are held once every four years.➢The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America.(5)只有复数概念的集体名词（people, police, cattle等）作主语时➢These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends.➢Police are hunting the criminal.3.谓语动词的形式视情况而定(1)主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时①看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数➢His family has moved into the new house.➢The public was convinced of his innocence.➢There was a big audience at the evening party.②看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数➢The class are busy cleaning the classroom.➢The audience were deeply moved by the plot.➢My family are waiting for me.(2)主语为all, any, some, most, enough,half或由其所修饰时①主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数➢All of the players want to win the game.➢I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie.➢Some of the women have long curly black hair.②主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数➢All of the work has been finished.➢Most of the food tastes delicious.➢Half of the land is covered by grass.(3)主语为“the rest of、the last of、lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定➢The rest of the food is eaten by him.➢The rest of the students are staying at the classroom.➢Two thirds of the members are girls.➢More than fifty percent of the land was covered by snow.(4)主语为none时①表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数➢She tried ten hats, but none were suited her.➢None have arrived here yet.②表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数➢We need to buy some milk, because none is left.➢None is as tall as Tom.(5)一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时①前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用复数形式；➢My glasses are broken.➢His trousers have worn out.➢The scissors aren’t sharp.②若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

2024年初中英语语法主谓一致学习之意义一致与就近一致原则意义一致原则是指在英语语法中，主语和谓语在单复数意义上保持一致的原则。

这意味着，有时主语名词在语法形式上虽然是单数，却有着复数意义，其后的谓语动词便用复数。

反之亦如此。

1. 在英语中，一些名词的单复数形式相同，因此在使用这些名词作为主语时，需要根据它们所表达的意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

例如，当sheep 或deer 作主语时，谓语动词应该使用单数形式，而当fish 作主语时，谓语动词应该使用复数形式。

同样的规则也适用于means、species、Chinese、Japanese 和series 等名词。

Sheep and deer are called “sheep”because they are sheeplike animals. (单数)Fish and fish are called “fish”because they are fishlike animals. (单数)Means and means are called “means”because they are ways of achieving something. (单数)Species and species are called “species”because they are different forms of the same organism. (单数)Chinese and Chinese are called “Chinese”because they are people from China. (单数)Japanese and Japanese are called “Japanese”because they arepeople from Japan. (单数)Series and series are called “series”because they are groups of related things. (复数)2. 使用“the”前缀时，需要根据形容词或名词的含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。

语法专题十六、主谓一致考点精讲主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

有三条原则：1. 语法一致原则2. 意义一致的原则3. 就近原则考点一、语法一致原则是指主语和谓语动词在语法形式上保持一致。

即主语为单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数，谓语动词也采用复数形式。

1、主语是不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式、动词-ing形式、从句等，谓语动词用单数。

➢Coffee is more popular in western countries.2、主语是复数名词、复数代词、谓语动词用复数形式。

如：➢Some boys are playing in the park.3、由and 或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：➢Swimming and walking are good exercises.[注意]1）但是，并列主语如果表示同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。

例如：➢Their teacher and friend is Mr. Li.2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别被no, each, every或many a , more than one修饰时，其谓语动词用单数形式。

例如：➢In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.➢Many a student is having practice in that factory.4、如果主语后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, like, but, except, besides，including, no less than, rather than ,as much as，more than, in addition to等时，谓语动词的数和主语保持一致。

主谓一致三大原则总述主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。

对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。

一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则(grammatical concord) 意义一致原则(notional concord) 就近原则(principle of proximity)。

1、语法一致这一原则是指,主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式.例如:A grammar book helps you learn something about the rules of a language.(主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式)语法书帮助你学习语言的某些规则.Grammar books help you learn something about the rules of a language.(主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)2、意义一致(Notional Concord)这一原则是指,从意义着眼来解决主谓一致问题.有时主语形式上为单数,但意义上却是复数,那么谓语依意义也用复数形式;而有时主语形式上为复数,但意义上却是单数,那么谓语依意义亦用单数形式.主语单数形式，表示复数意义→谓语用复数形式主语复数形式，表示单数意义→谓语用单数形式3、就近原则(Principle of Proximity)这一原则是指,谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …, neither…nor … ,not only… but also …等.例如:Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.总而言之，英语名词的可数与不可数不是绝对的，而是相对的。

上海中考英语语法考点：主谓一致一，概念及基本规则：英语语法的主谓一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。

1，就近原则:not onl y…but also；not…but；neither…no r; either…or; there be；whether…or；or句型中，谓语动词与相邻的主语保持一致。

例:whetherhe or I am mad。

不是他就是我疯了。

2，就前原则：as well as; together with；rather than; along with；with;without; but；except; like; besides; including，in addition to等连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致。

二、谓语动词通常用单数的情形：1.当主语是一个从句，不定式或动名词时,谓语一般用单数.但由and 连接两个不定式或动名词时，动词则用复数。

两个主语视为一体时，动词用单数.主语从句所指物是单数或复数时，谓语用相应单复数。

whether he succeeds or fails doesn’t concern me 。

To play basketball and to go swimming are of great use。

When and where to build the center hasn't been decided.What I want is an interesting book while what he expects are two cups of coffee.2.不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词,即使以and连接成多主语，谓语动词仍用单数。

如：every doctor and every nurse goes there。

each, neither, either，everyone，anything, nobody等作主语时，谓语动词用单数.但each 做同位语，谓语用复数,如They each are。

中考英语语法考点复习汇编——主谓一致一、主谓一致概述1、主谓一致的定义：谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫作主谓一致。

2、主谓一致的原则分类：①语法形式一致原则：在语法形式上取得一致。

如：主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。

②逻辑意义一致原则：谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达的内在涵义。

③就近一致原则：谓语动词的数随最近的主语而定，又称为毗邻一致原则。

二、主谓一致考点纵览考点一：语法形式一致的原则考点1：以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

典型例句Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years. 在过去的几年中，这个地区的许多土地已经沙化。

To start smoking is quite easy, but to give it up needs courage. 开始吸烟很容易，但是要戒烟却需要勇气。

Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English. 阅读英文报纸是提高你英语水平的好方法。

What you need most is to have a good sleep. 你所需要的就是好好睡一觉。

How you can get there is a problem. 你怎么到那儿去还是个问题。

考点2：由and或both...and来连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。

典型例句Swimming and walking are good exercises. 游泳和散步都是好运动。

He and I were classmates when we were at college. 他和我在上大学时是同学。

Both John and Ann have got pen-friends. 约翰和安都有笔友。