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B级考试词汇语法要点解析Ⅰ虚拟语气一. 概念虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
二．在非真实条件句中的应用☆非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
☆时态：可以表示过去，现在和将来的情况。
它的基本特点是时态比真实语气退后。
1. 主语从句中的虚拟语气主语从句中的虚拟语气主要取决于某些形容词和过去分词，用来表示建议、命令、要求、惊异和失望等。
其形式为：It is/ was +adj. +（should）动词原形…。
常这样用的形容词有：appropriate 适当的advisable 适当的，合理的better 较好的desirable 理想的essential 精华的imperative 迫切的important 重要的insistent 坚持的natural 自然的necessary 必要的preferable 优越的，较好的strange 奇怪的urgent 紧迫的vital 极其重要的常这样用的过去分词有：desired, demanded, ordered, requested, suggested, recommended, required 等。
例：It is essential that you (should) win the voters’ hearts. 赢得选民的心是绝对必要的。
例：It was suggested that he (should) join the club activities.有人提议他应该参加俱乐部的活动。
[真题（2000.06）]：It is advised that we (sign) ________ an agreement right after the discussion.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气1）某些动词后所接宾语从句中的谓语动词要求用虚拟语气，用来表示建议、命令和要求等。
大学英语B级统考之语法概要大学英语B级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容，为方便考生对语法知识的复习，现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下：（一）名词A. 知识要点名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数之分。
1．不可数名词只用单数形式。
如果要表示数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。
如：a piece of news（一条新闻）；two pieces of advice（两条建议）2．名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”，如：Mary’s room；如原词已有复数词尾-s，则只加“’”，如：the students’hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词；名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如：the window of the classroom.B．例题讲解What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. pieces of furnitureD. pieces of furnitures解析：此题考查名词的单复数。
Furniture 为不可数名词，后面不能加s。
很多家具用many pieces of furniture，因此答案为C。
（二）冠词A. 知识要点冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指。
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。
a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。
如：an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年；2. 定冠词：the表示“特指的一个或一些”。
通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前。
如：the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴；3. 不使用冠词的情况：在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。
大学英语语法词汇词组集合大学英语B级统考之语法概要大学英语三级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容，为方便考生对语法知识的复习，现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下：（一）名词A. 知识要点名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数之分。
1．不可数名词只用单数形式。
如果要表示数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。
如：a piece of news（一条新闻）；two pieces of advice（两条建议）2．名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”，如：Mary’s room；如原词已有复数词尾-s，则只加“’”，如：the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词；名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如：the window of the classroom.B．例题讲解What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. pieces of furnitureD. pieces of furnitures解析：此题考查名词的单复数。
Furniture 为不可数名词，后面不能加s。
很多家具用many pieces of furniture，因此答案为C。
（二）冠词A. 知识要点冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指。
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。
a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。
如：an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年；2. 定冠词：the表示“特指的一个或一些”。
通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前。
如：the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴；3. 不使用冠词的情况：在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。
大学英语 B 级统考之语法概要e.g. He always goes to school by bike. 他总是骑车去上学。
2．一般过去时态finish, avoid, enjoy, mind, insist on等：e.g. He has finished doing his work. 他已经干完了他的工作。
not 来组成。
如果非谓语动词表示的动作发在主要谓“（should）+动词原形would （或might ）e.g. Hard as she studied, she failed in thisexamination.⋯(when ⋯), scarcely ⋯(when ⋯), no soonThe fact that Ann was late didn不重要。
（主语从句）it 作形式主语或形式宾语。
who 指人作主语whom作宾语（可省）作主语/宾语（作宾语时可省）作定语①先行词为all, anything, something 等不定代词时,只能用first, last, next, only 等修饰词时,只能用that。
e.g. He was one of the greatest scientists that everlived.（1）When she woke up, she found everybody had gone.她醒来时,她发现大家都走了。
（时间状语从句）（2）Don’t try to get on the train until / till it stops.等火车停下来再上车。
（时间状语从句）。
大学英语B级统考之语法概要大学英语B级统考之语法部分主要涉及到连接词、动词形式与时态、主谓语一致、虚拟语气等内容，为方便考生对语法知识的复习，现将考试当中重点涉及的内容总结如下：（一）名词A. 知识要点名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单、复数之分。
1．不可数名词只用单数形式。
如果要表示数量多少，需在其前面加量词来表达。
如：a piece of news（一条新闻）；two pieces of advice（两条建议）2．名词所有格的构成是名词加“’s”，如：Mary’s room；如原词已有复数词尾-s，则只加“’”，如：the students’ hall, 通常用于有生命的存在物的名词；名词所有格也可以由介词of加名词构成，通常用于无生命的存在物的名词, 如：the window of the classroom.B．例题讲解What a beautiful house! Especially there are many ______.A. furnitureB. furnituresC. pieces of furnitureD. pieces of furnitures 解析：此题考查名词的单复数。
Furniture 为不可数名词，后面不能加s。
很多家具用many pieces of furniture，因此答案为C。
（二）冠词A. 知识要点冠词是一种虚词，用在名词前面，说明名词是特指还是泛指。
冠词分不定冠词和定冠词。
1. 不定冠词: a / an表示“一”、“某一”概念，用于单数可数名词前。
a用在辅音开头的词前，an用在元音开头的词前。
如：an English teacher/ a second year一位老师/又一年；2. 定冠词：the表示“特指的一个或一些”。
通常用在形容词最高级及序数词前，或世界上独一无二的事物前；也用于乐器名词前。
如：the best season最好的季节/the first lady第一夫人/the earth 地球/play the piano 弹钢琴；3. 不使用冠词的情况：在三餐饭、球类运动和娱乐活动的名称之前。
大学英语B级统考之语法概要动词的基本时态A. 知识要点1．一般现在时态动词形式为do 或does （第三人称单数）。
通常表示客观事实或真理；或表示经常发生的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. He always goes to school by bike.他总是骑车去上学。
2．一般过去时态动词形式为did. 表示过去时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与过去特定的时间状语连用；或表示过去某一段时间一直持续或反复发生的动作，可与表示频度的时间副词连用。
e.g. I bought this computer five years ago.我在五年前买了这台电脑。
3．一般将来时态动词形式为will do/ shall do /be going to do. 表达在未来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态。
e.g. The telephone is ringing. I will answer it.电话在响，我去接。
4．现在进行时态动词形式为is/am/are+ doing，表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。
e.g. The police are looking for the two missing children.警察们正在寻找两个丢失的孩子。
5．过去进行时态动词形式为was/were + doing，表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。
（主语是I，she，he 时用was）e.g. Jane burnt her hand when she was cooking the dinner.当简在煮晚饭时她的手被烧伤了。
6．现在完成时态动词形式为have / has done，常与already，recently，never，ever, yet，since连用。
用来表示过去发生的对现在有影响的动作。
e.g. The milk has already become undrinkable 牛奶已经不能喝了。
名词具体指导名词在句中多用来作主语、宾语、表语和定语。
在英语应用能力考试中，要求考生根据题意把括号里所给的词变成名词，所填词多出现在句尾或句首：1 ．所填词的特征①前有物主代词如my , his，their, our, your, its等；②前有冠词如a, an, the；③前有形容词如large，clever，foolish等；④前有冠词＋形容词如that ancient，the clever等；⑤前有不定代词many, much, a few ，a little，several等。
2 ．所填词多为抽象名词或表示人的名词。
如decision，illness，protection等常见名词后缀：1 ．表示人的名词后缀① –al crime criminal a. 1. 犯罪的,犯法的2. 刑事上的[Z][B] 3. 可耻的n. 1. 罪犯②–an Canada CanadianEurope Europeanhistory historian③–ant account accountant④–ar/er/or beg beggarlie liaroperate operatoract actoreducate educatorvillage villagerlaw lawyer⑤–ee employ employee⑥–ist art artistchemistry chemistscience scientisttour tourist2．抽象名词后缀①–ance/ence exist existencedependent a. 1. 依靠的;依赖的n. 1. 受抚养者;受抚养的家属dependence n词依赖confident confiden cedifferent differen ceimportant importan cedistant distan ceintelligent intelligen ceappear appearan ce②–th deep depthtrue tru th nwarm warm thwide wid thdead dea thlong leng thstrong streng thgrow grow th③–ment move movement 1. 运动,活动2. 动作,姿态develop 使成长;使发达;发展development生长;进化;发展;arrange arrangementequip equipmentjudge judgment④–tion/ation/ion pollute pollutiondiscuss discussionorganize organizationeducate educationinform informationinvent inventioninvite invitationprotect protectionpredict predictiondecide decision⑤–ing find findingsbuild buildingpaint painting⑥–ness ill illnesscareful carefulnesskind kindnessweak weaknesshelpless helplessness⑦–age short shortage⑧–ty certain certainty⑨–al arrive arrivalpropose proposalwithdraw withdrawal形容词具体指导形容词通常用在系动词后作表语，或用在名词前作定语。
B级语法重点一、虚拟语气1.If：条件成立：主将从现虚拟：现在相反：if+did/were ; 主句：would do过去相反：if+had done；主句：would have done2. as if /as through +句子似乎，好像；wish +句子与现在/将来相反：did/were 与过去相反：had done3. 表示建议、要求、命令的单词+（that）句子: 句子中的动词：(should) doSuggest, suggestion; advise，advice；require, requirement; request; demand; propose; proposal; command; order; recommend; recommendation; insist4. It+be+adj+ (that)句子：句子中的动词：(should) do5. it +be +(about/high) time +(that)句子; 句子中的动词: did二、强调句：It +be+强调部分+that +剩余部分三、形式主语：It + be + adj + ( for sb . ) + to do四、to do和doingTo do：allow; want; pretend; be able to do; enable sb to do; be supposed to do sth; ask; invite sb to do ; intend, plan, ; decide to do；encourage；特殊疑问词+to do ；use to do ；doing ：介词+doing；avoid; finish ；enjoy；look forward to , spend; finish；practice; stop; mind;it’s no use / point doing; can’t help doing ；have difficulty/trouble doing sth . get /be used to五、倒装句句型：否定词句首，主谓倒装（将助动词放在主语前面）Hardly …had done .when+did 一..就…No sooner had done than +did六、定语从句：看横线前面的先行词在后面的定语从句中做主语还是宾语的成分物人主语that/which that/who宾语that/which/- that/whom/-七、连词：although 虽然..但是…；since 自从，由于；as long as：只要as soon as 一..就..So that 因此，以致于；now that 既然unless：除非..否则..八、词性转换1.–ee employ v雇佣n: employee 员工employer 雇主employment 雇佣Interview v 面试n：interviewee 试者interviewer n 面试官2.–ance/encedependent adj dependence n 独立confident adj confidence 自信different adj difference n important adj importance ndistant adj distance n 距离intelligent adj intelligence 智力nappear appearance3.–mentmove movement develop v发展development n arrange v安排arrangement equip v 装备equipment n judge v 判断judgment n improve v 提高improvement manager v 管理management manager n 经理4.–tion/ation/ionpollute v 污染pollution n discuss v讨论discussion n organize v组织organization educate v 教育 education n inform v通知information invent v投资invention invite v邀请invitation n protect v保护protection decide v决定decision5. –nessill adj 生病的illness sick adj sickness n happy adj happiness busy adj business kind adj kindness n weak adj weakness6. –alarrive 到达 v arrival Nation n 国家national adj nature n 自然natural adj addition n additional adj 更多的7..-fuljoy n joyful 快乐的help helpful助人为乐的hope –hopeful 有希望的use useful 有用的care careful 仔细的wonder wonderful 精彩的peace peaceful 和平的skill skillful 有技巧的8. -lyfriend friendly有好的day daily每天的hour hourly每小时的month monthly每月的week weekly 每周的luck lucky 幸运的luckilyfortunate fortunately9. -ydirt dirty脏的ease easy 容易的health healthy健康的wealth –wealthy 有财富的10. -ousdanger dangerous 危险的vary various 变化多端的11. -ablecomfort comfortable 舒服的12 -iveattract v attractive 吸引人的Act active 积极的effect effective 有效的create v creative 创新的九、词组take down 记下take over 接任take in 欺骗，吸收take off 起飞；脱掉take away 带走take advantage of 利用turn on 打开turn off 关掉turn out 结果是，证明是turn up 出现，调高turn down 拒绝，调低turn to 转向…. Turn to…for helpput out 熄灭put up 举起，张贴put on 穿上，带上put off 推迟make up化妆，组编make use of 利用make sense 讲得通，有意义break out 爆发break in 闯进，插话break down 出故障；奔溃break up 破裂，分手break off 中断get on 上车get off 下车get up 起床get into trouble 陷入pick up 载人，习得，拾起pick out 挑选set up 建立set off 出发，动身give out 分发give in 屈服give off 散发give up 放弃lead to 导致，通向look after 照顾look into 调查look forward to 期待look out 小心come across / run into 偶遇run out of 耗尽常用词：service; secretary; comfortable, available, manager, salesman日期，月份: Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, SundayJan. Feb. March. April May Jane July Aug. Sep. Oct. Nov. Dec.十、写作：注意写信的格式1. 求职信；简历2. 邀请信3. 感谢信4. 请假条5. 通知1.求职信段首：I am wtiring to apply for the position of +职位.I am…, coming from…. I graduated from …college, majoring in …专业.In the past four years, I have passed every subject with a flying color.I did a part-time job in the summer holiday. I am good at getting along with pepople.段末：I’d be thankful if you can give me an interview and I look forward to hearting from you.简历: Resume Marrage status: Single；sex: male/female chinese; 地址：从小到大；日期写法2.邀请信段首：I am writing to invie you to attend …..at ..地点+on+日期.段末：please give me a reply and I look forward to seeing you soon.3.感谢信段首: Thank you for inviting me to attend ….and your hospitality.段末：Again, I’d like to express my warm thanks to you and look forward to seeing you soon.4.请假条段首：I am writing to ask for a leave of ….days from ….to… because I was ill.段末: I’m very sorry for the inconvenience I caused and I’d be thankful if you can grant my application.5.通知: NoticeAttention, please. There will be ….at +地点on +时间….will be held at +地点on +时间Everyone is required to attend on time.常用词：conference, lecture, attend听力第一部分（2013.06-2008.12）2013.61.May I use the telephone? --yes , of course.2. Thank you very much for seeing me off at the airport. ---- my pleasre.3. Mike, can you help me? ---- Sure, no problem.4. Haven’t seen you for ages. How are you doing? --- Not bad.5. Heloo, may I come in to see the manager? ---- yes, please.2012. 121. Can I have a look at your price list? --- here it is.2. Shall we meet sometime next week? --- That’s fine.3. David, have you finished the work report? --- Not yet.4. May I have your business card, Mr. Jackson? --- Yes, here you are.5. Did you enjoy your trip to Beijing? --- yes, very much.2012.61. I’m going to make coffee, would you like some? --- No, thanks.2. May I speak to Mr. Johnson? --- Sorry, he isn't in.3. Will you please write your name here? --- Yes, I will.4. Can you help me to start the machine? --- No problem.5. Shall we discuss the new plan now? --- Good idea.2011. 12.1. Can I have your phone number, please --- it’s 54576862.2. Which would you prefer, tea or coffee? --- Tea, please.3. Would you like to come for dinner tonight? --- I’d love to.4. How do you like the work here? --- It’s interesting.5. Exercise me, do I have to pay in cash? --- Yes, of course.2011. 061. Mr. Smith, what do you think of the product? --- very nice.2. Miss Green, would you please write your name here? ---All right.3. Hello, may I speak to Helen? --- Yes, speaking.4. How do you like your new job? --- Not bad.5. What’s wrong with Mike? -- Nothing sercious.2010.121. May I have your ticket, please? --- Here you are.2. Excuse me, are you Mr. Brwon from london? --- Yes, I am.3. How does the new machine work? --- Quite well.4. Shall I meet you at your office Friday morning? --- No problem.5. Could you ask him to call me when he is back? --- Sure, I will.2010.061. Excuse me, May I see your boss now? --- Just a moment, please.2. When is the manager leaving? --- In twenty minutes.3. Can I help you with your luggage,sir? --- Yes, please.4. Have you ever been to the United States? --- Many times.5. What do you think or our sales’s plan? --- it’s perfect.2009.121. Are you Mr. Backer from America? --- Yes, I am.2. How do you like your work? --- I like it very much.3. Would you please give me the report, Tom? --- Here you are.4. What’s your father’s job? --- He’s a doctor.5. Would you like a cup of coffee? -- yes, please.2009.061. Can I see him in his office? --- yes, of course.2. Hollo, may I speak to Mr. Thomas? --- Hold on, please.3. How long may I keep the book? --- Two weeks.4. Exercuse me, is this train for London? --- Yes, it is .5. what do you think of the film we saw yesterday? --- it was excellent.2008.121. Exercuse me, are you Mr. Smith from America? --- oh, yes.2. Mr. Johnson, when is the library open? -- From 9 a.m. to 6 p.m.3. It’s rather hot today. Would you please open the window? --- Yes, of course.4. What do you think of your new boss? -- He is a nice person.5. What’s the weather like in your city? --- it’s rather warm.。
