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虚拟语气是一种动词形式-语法--%20群共享

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虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测， 建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。在条件句中的应用，条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。 一、虚拟语气在从句中的使用 虚拟语气即表达不可能发生或与预期相反的情况。首先我们应熟悉它在三种时态里的使用情况，这是正确使用虚拟语气的基础。这三种时态是：现在；过去；将来。 1、表示现在的虚拟式 时 态 从 句 动 词 主 句 动 词 现 在 did /（were） would (should, could, might)+ do

If I were a bird, I would fly to you. 如果我是只鸟，我就会飞到你身边去。 If it were not for their help, we should be in a very difficult position. 如果不是他们的帮忙，我们就会处于一个非常困难的境地。 2、表示过去的虚拟式 时 态 从 句 动 词 主 句 动 词 过 去 had + done would + have + done

If we had started earlier, we should not have missed the train. 如果我们早一点动身的话，就不会误车了。 If she hadn’t been ill, she might have come. 如果她不是病了，可能会来的 3、表示将来的虚拟式 时 态 从 句 动 词 主 句 动 词 将 来 should + do were to + do Would (should, might, could )

+ do

If Professor Li should have time tomorrow, we could ask him some questions. 如果李教授明天有空的话，我们可以问他点问题。 If there should be no air, there would be no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物。 二、错综时间的虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。 换成我是你，我就会听从他的建议。 If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。如果我今天早上带了雨衣，现在就不会被淋湿了。 If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果过去几年里不努力工作，现在的情况就不会如此顺利了。 If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。如果当时的天气更好点，现在的庄稼就会长得更好。 If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来） 如果现在一切还没准备好，明天情况就更糟了。 三、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如： But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。

以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式： 条件状语从句 主 句 与过去事实相反 had + 过去分词 should /would/could/might + have + 过去分词

与现在事实相反 一般过去时(be用were) would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与将来事实相反 一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形 Would/should/cold/might + 动词原形

有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。如： Were I a boy, I would join the army. Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded. Were it not for the expense, I would go to Britain.四、虚拟语气在某些从句中的应用 1、wish后的宾语从句（would rather (sooner) 后也是如此） How I wish it wasn’t raining now. 如果现在不下雨该多好呀！ I wish I had not been to yesterday’s party. 我要不去参加昨天的宴会就好了！ I would rather they came tomorrow. 我宁愿他们明天来。 I would rather you did not win that game. 但would rather 后没有主语则应使用零不定式. If only I could fly. If only I had taken his advice. I had hoped that she would answer my phone. 2、在 if only 引出的感叹句中 If only I hadn’t lost it! 如果我要不丢该多好！ If only I could see him once! 再能看到他一次该有多好！ Oh, if he only knew how we miss him! 噢，希望他能知道我是多么思念他！ 3、在 it is high time that 之后的定语从句中，谓语动词常用过去式表表示虚拟语气。 It is time that we went (should go) to bed. 现在该上床了。 It’s high time that we (should) put an end to this controversy. 现在该是结束这场争辩的时候了。

4、suggest, order, demand, propose, command, request, desire, insist, require, decide, ask 等动词后的宾语从句 They demanded that the aggressor troops (should) be withdrawn immediately. 他们要求侵略者立刻撤退。 I propose that we (should) set a deadline for handing in the plan. 我提议应该制定一个交计划的最后期限。 5、it is desired/suggested/requested/ordered that/proposed /necessary/ important /proper/ imperative/ essential/ advisable, it has been decided that等之后的主语从句： It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once. 有必要立刻派他前往。 It’s required that Mr. Lee (should) give a performance at the party. It’s desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 6、在suggestion, motion, proposal, order, recommendations, plan, idea 等后面引出的表语从句和同位语从句中： The order came that all villagers evacuate from the village. 要求所有村民撤退的命令下达了。 I second Xiao Li’s motion that we set up a special board to tackle the problem. 小李提议成立一个特别委员会处理此问题，我附议。 7、as if, as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样 I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday. It seems as if it were spring already. The animal was walking as though it had hurt its leg. It seems as if the meeting would never end.

8、 在下列句型中要用 should +动词原形。如：it is a pity, it is a shame, it is incredible, it is strange, it is no wonder It is a great pity that he should be so conceited. 很可惜，他这个人竟然这么自大。 It’s strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings. 奇怪的是他竟看不到自己的缺点。 9、用于expect, believe, think, suspect 等动词的否定或疑问形式后的宾语从句中。 I never expected that the new apartment should be so small. 没料到这桩新公寓竟这么小。

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动词的虚拟语气

动词的虚拟语气

动词的虚拟语气动词的虚拟语气是语法中的一个重要概念，它在表达一种条件、假设、愿望、命令或建议时起到关键作用。

虚拟语气常用于宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，用来表达一种非真实的情况或假设。

虚拟语气的运用能够使语言更加生动、灵活，并增强表达的深度和准确性。

一、条件虚拟语气条件虚拟语气用来表达一种假设条件和其可能带来的结果。

条件虚拟语气由"if"引导的从句构成，其中主句使用过去式，从句使用虚拟语气。

1. 表示现在或未来的假设：例如：If I were you, I would take the opportunity to travel around the world.如果我是你，我会抓住机会去环游世界。

2. 表示过去的假设：例如：If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam.如果我当时学得更努力，我就能通过考试了。

二、愿望虚拟语气愿望虚拟语气用来表达对现在或过去不真实情况的希望或愿望。

愿望虚拟语气通常由"would rather"或"if only"引导。

1. 表达对现在的愿望：例如：I wish I had a car so that I could go wherever I wanted.我希望有一辆车，这样我就可以去任何我想去的地方了。

2. 表达对过去的愿望：例如：If only I had listened to my parents' advice.要是我曾经听了我父母的建议就好了。

三、建议虚拟语气建议虚拟语气用来表达对现在或将来的建议、命令或要求。

建议虚拟语气通常由动词原形或"should"引导。

例如：It is important that she practice playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴很重要。

虚拟语气

虚拟语气


虚拟语气在表语从句和同位语从句中
主句的主语常是表示说话人愿望(wish / desire)、建议(suggestion / advice) 要求 (requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名词，表语从句和同位语从 句的谓语动词用 (should) + do. Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.
虚拟语气的概念
• 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用 来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而 是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中 或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿 望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表 语从句、同位语从句)。
虚拟语气在 在条件从句中
一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反 的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： 表示与事实 条件从句的谓语 主句的谓语形式 情况相反 形式 Would / could / 表示现在情 过去式(did) might / should 况 (be常用 were) 表示过去情 过去完成式(had 上面4个情态动词 +done +have done 况 4个情态动词 + do 表示将来情 ①过去式 (did) 况 ②should + do ③were to do
It’s rather cold today. I don’t like to be a boy. I went to see the movie, but it was rubbish. We have to have three classes in the evening.
虚拟语气精解

虚拟语气精解

我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．
I didn’t have enough money, otherwise I would have bought that book.
Choose the best answer:
1. It is strange that the little boy __C___ speak two foreign
wrong and _____ free.
A. did; set
B. had done; should be set
C. should do; be set D. had done; must be set
7. Had you listened to the doctor, you __c___ all
3.He __A___ you more help,even though he was very busy.
A, might have given B. might give C.may have given
4.Without the leadership of the Party,there _A___no New
We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
注意：suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时，insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时，应用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.
虚拟语气

虚拟语气

虚拟语气一、I f引导的条件从句主句从句1、现在would +动词原形一般过去时/were2、将来would +动词原形were to +动词原形/ should +动词原形3、过去would +现在完成时过去完成时Examples：1．If I had time, I would go now.2．If it were to/should snow here tomorrow, we would stay at home.3．If you had studied hard, you would have passed the examination.必须注意如下几点:1. 主句中的would 可换成could（能够/会）might（可能/也许）If I had listened to my father, I might have finished the job in time.2. 混合型的虚拟语气（主句与从句的时间不一致）If you had listened to me, you would be a teacher now.倒装句：当省略if 时，should/were/had 提到主语的前面构成倒装句。

If I had earned enough money, I would have bought a car.--------Had I earned enough money, I would have bought a car.If it were to rain tomorrow, I would not go there.--------Were it to rain tomorrow, I would not go there用其他词或词组来代替if 表示条件without：如果没有/如果不but for：要不是only that/ but that（要不是）otherwise1)But for your help, I would not have succeeded.2)I would go with you only that I am too busy.3)She would have helped us but that she was short of money at that time.4)I am very busy now, otherwise I would go there with you.5)I was very busy yesterday, otherwise I would have gone there with you.二、某些动词后的宾语从句形式：（should）+ do 或(should) + be done建议suggest/propose/advise 命令order/ command要求ask/require/demand/request希望desire坚持insist其他agree/ decide/ determine/ prefer/ urge/ argue/ arrange/ beg/ pray/ prefer/ recommend Example：He suggested that we (should )hand in our homework quickly.He suggested that our homework (should)be handed in quickly.相应的过去分词、名词形式也要用虚拟语气1)Bill suggested that everyone should have a map.（宾语从句）2)It was suggested that everyone should have a map. （主语从句）3)It was Bill’s suggestion that everyone should have a map.（同位语从句）4)His suggestion was that everyone should have a map.（表语从句）5)We are going to discuss his suggestion that everyone should have a map.（同位语从句）三、It is/was + adj. + that……… 形式：should + do/ be doneIt is important that everyone should obey the law.形容词：anxious/ appropriate/ desirable/ eager/ essential/ impossible/ important/ incredible/ insistent/ natural/ necessary/ proper/ possible/ urgent/ vital/ willing四、在lest/ for fear that（惟恐）引导的从句中形式: should+ do/ be doneHe didn’t dare to go out lest someone should recognize him.He didn’t dare to go out lest he sh ould be recognized by the others.五、w ish后的宾语从句1．与现在或将来的愿望相反形式：一般过去时I wish I knew his address./ I wish I could help you.2．与过去的愿望相反形式：过去完时I wish you had written to him.补充内容：1.I wished that I knew his address.2.wish that + would doa. 对现状不满或希望将来有所改变I wish that you would answer my question. I wish the price of the petrel would come down.b. 一种请求I wish you would help me.注意：hope后不用虚拟语气形式六、If only要是……该多好!If only I were a girl.If only I had learned Russian before.七、W ould rather/ would as soon/ would sooner/ had rather 宁愿1.would rather sb. did………2.would rather sb. had done……..Examples:1)I would rather you were a girl. 2)I would rather you had told me the truth.比较：would rather ……. than…….. I would rather die than marry her.I would rather to have gone with you last night. I would rather to have gone with you last night.八、a s if/ as though的从句中He talks as if he knew the answer. He acts as if nothing had happened.比较：He walked here and there，as if looking for something.He opened his mouth as if to say something.九、It is time/ It is about time/ It is high time +sb did该是…….时候了It is time you went to school. It is high time we left for Beijing. 比较：It is time for me to do the job. It is time I did the job.It is the first time I have seen the film十、其他用法1）表示祝愿等（多用动词原形）God damn it!Long live Chairman Mao!So be it.(就这样吧。