英国文学选读第四版复习资料

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What is the French influence over English literature?The French influence is most marked in the drama。

Rimed couplets instead of blank verse, the unities, a more regular construction，and the presentation rather than individual - these were some of the French requirements which the English dramatists had more or less in mind。

The comedies are coarse in language and their view of the relations between men and women is immoral and dishonest。

What is the main theme of Sonnet 18？This poem asserts the power of literature to combat the ravages of time and declare the greatness of man and his immortality. Shakespeare expresses that as long as there are breaths in mankind, his poetry will also live on，and ensures the immortality of his thought。

What are the features of Dickens’s works?Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age。

Old English Period— Anglo-Saxon Period(450-1066)1.The History•From 55 BC to 410 AD, the Romans conquered the land and transplanted its civilization.2.The LiteratureTwo divisions:Pagan & ChristianPaganThe Seafarer水手; The Fight at Finnisburg芬尼斯郡之战; The Wanderer流浪者; Waldhere瓦登希尔;The Battle of Maldom马尔登战役Widsith(威德西斯); The complaint of Deor迪奥的抱怨•The wife’s Lament妻子的哀歌; Ruin毁灭are good examples.Beowulf, England’s national epic.Writing featuresnot a Christian but a pagan poem of all advanced pagan civilization,The use of the strong stress and the predominance of consonants are very notable in this poem. Each line is divided into two halves, and each half has two heavy stressesThe use of alliteration is another notable feature and makes the stresses more emphatic. There are a lot of metaphors and understatements in this poemAnglo-Norman Period(1066-1350)The literature•The Growth of the Arthurian Legends•The legends of King Arthur and his knights had existed as an oral tradition since the time of the Celts.The 17th CenturyA Brief Introduction of the 17th century⏹The contradictions between the feudal system and bourgeoisie⏹James I：1603-1625 political and religious tyranny⏹Charles I: 1625-1649⏹Oliver Cromwell : commonwealth protector: 1653-1658⏹Charles II: 1660-1688 the Restoration⏹James II：1685-1688⏹William of Oranges: 1688-1702 “Glorious Revolution”⏹The Bill of Rights 权利法案：1689John Donne代表作：The FleaMetaphysical PoetryHoly Sonnet 10SongA Valediction:Forbidding Mourning 别离辞：节哀John Milton⏹the early phase of reading and lyric writing⏹the middle phase of service in the Puritan Revolution and the pamphleteering for it⏹the last --- the greatest --- phase of epic writingParadise Lost--- the great epicParadise Regained；Samson AgonistesJohn BunyanThe Pilgrim’s Progress（essay）The 18th-century LiteratureThe Rise of English NovelsThe historical backgroundComparing with the 17th century, the 18th century is a period for peaceful development.The constitutional monarchy has been set up by parliament in 1688.England grew from a second rate country to a powerful naval country in this century.With the ascent of the bourgeoisie cultural life had undergone remarkable changes.The rise of the English novel.代表作：Daniel Defoe Robinson CrusoeJonathan SwiftThe Battle of the Books; 《书籍之战》The Tale of a Tub; 《一只桶的故事》The Drapier’s Letter; 《布商来信》A Modest Proposal; 《一个温和的建议》Journal to Stella; 《给斯黛拉的日记》Gulliver’s Travel. 《格列夫游记》Satirical features⏹Swift offered an opportunity of self-scrutiny.（自我审视）⏹The Lilliputians （小人国居民）and their institutions were all about people and theirinstitutions of England.⏹The Brobdingnagians were incredible Utopians.⏹The scientists and philosophers represented the extremes of futile theorizing andspeculations in all areas of activity such as science, politics, and economics with their instinct-killing tendencies.⏹The picture of the Yahoos made a clear statement about man and his nature.Henry FieldingTom JohnsonSocial significanceThe writer shows his strong hatred for all the hypocrisy and treachery in the society of his age and his sympathy for the courageous young rebels in their righteous struggleThe 18th-century Literature (II)The Age of Enlightenment in EnglandThe rapid development of social life•On the economic scene, the country became increasingly affluent.•On the political scene, a fragile of balance between the monarch and the middle class existed.•On the religious scene, deism came into existence代表Thomas GrayElegy Written in a Country Churchyard● a masterpiece of lyric●Theme: a sentimental meditation upon life and death, esp. of the common rural people,whose life, though simple and crude, has been full of real happiness and meaning●Poetic pattern: quatrains of iambic pentameter lines rhyming ABAB●Mood: melancholy, calm, meditative●Style: neoclassic---vivid visual painting,---musical/rhythmic,---controlled and restrained,---polished languageSection 1 It sets the scene for the poet’s visit to the churchyard. It is enveloped in gloom and grief, which is archetypal of graveyard, poets’fascination with night, graves, and death. The tone is echoed by the last part of the poem●Section 2 It tells about the people entombed there and recalls their life experiences. Whenthe “rude forefathers of the hamlet”lived. They got up early at the twittering of swallows, or a rooster’s wake-up call or a hunter’s horn, enjoyed family bliss with wife and kids in the evening, or were happily busy with farm work in the fields, but now that they lie in their “narrow cells”, their “useful toil”and “homely joys”happen no more. The tone is one of melancholy and regret for the dead.●Section 3 It warns the rich and powerful not to despise the poor since all are equal in faceof death and the grave levels off all distinction. All nobility, power, and wealth “await alike”the inevitable end and “the paths of glory lead but to the grave”. Nothing could●ever bring anything back to life.Section 4●It expresses, on the one hand, the poet’s regret that their life had not been congenial tothe growth and full play of the poor farmers’native gifts and talents and, on the other, his feeling of “a blessing in disguise”for them in the sense that, because they did not commit any crimes to humankind nor have to play the obsequious social climber against one’s integrity.Section 5●It asserts the notion that, even though they lived a less eventful life, there is no reason toforget these farmers.Section 6●It portrays the scenario that the poet envisions would happen after his own death. Avillager would say of him: he got up early to go uphill to the lawn and lay there meditating under the tree until noon. He would wander in the wood, smiling at one moment, muttering to himself at the next, sad and pale, like one “in hopeless love”. Then for a couple of days he did not show up, and on the third day he was buried in the churchyard.Section 7●As he shows sympathy for the poor, he gains the friendship of man and God. He asks thepassers-by not to get to know any more about his merits and weaknesses as he waits in his grave for God’s judgment.●The poem touches the readers to the quick with its notable sadnessOliver Goldsmith’s《The Vicar of Wakefield》•Pre-Romantic Poems (I)William BlakeThe Songs of Experience；THE LAMB；The Tyger；The Sick RoseRobert Burns⏹1) Political poems --- The Tree of Liberty;⏹2) Satirical poems --- Holy Willie’s Prayer, Two Dogs⏹3) Lyrics --- My Heart’s in the Highlands, A Red, Red Rose, Auld Lang SyneBurns’s position and his features⏹ A great Scottish peasant poet; a national poet of Scotland⏹Numerous are Burns’s songs of love and friendship.⏹His great success was largely due to his comprehensive knowledge and excellent masteryof the old song traditions.⏹His poetry have a musical quality that helps to perpetuate the sentimentBurns ushered a tendency that prevailed during the high time of RomanticismThe Romantic Period (I)⏹“The Lakers”：湖畔诗人William WordsworthSamuel ColeridgeRobert Southey•William Wordsworth•Lyrical Ballads；Lines Written in Early Spring；To the Cuckoo ；The Daffodils I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud；My Heart Leaps Up；Intimations of Immortality 不朽颂Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern AbbeyComments on WordsworthWordsworth’s poetry is distinguished by simplicity and purity of his language which was spoken by the peasants who convey their feelings and emotions in simple and unelaborated expressions.•George Gordon Byron•Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage；Don Juan•What is Byronic hero?•Byron’s chief contribution to English poetry.•Such a hero is a proud, rebellious figure of noble origin. Passionate and powerful, he is right to all the wrongs in a corrupted society, and he would fight single--handedly against all the misdoings.•Thus this figure is a rebellious individual against outworn social systems and conventions •Byronic heroes•heroic of noble birth•passionate•rebellious•individual•Summery•This is a love poem about a beautiful woman and all of her features. Throughout the poem, Byron explains the depth of this woman’s beauty. Even in the darkness of death and mourning, her beauty shines through. Her innocence shows her pureness in heart and in love. The two forces involved in Byron’s poems are darkness and light --- at work in the woman’s beauty and also the two areas of her beauty --- the internal and the external •The theme•This poem shows that mourning does not necessarily imply melancholy or extreme sadness.•Rhetorics•Byron uses many antonyms to describe this woman --- face, eye, hair, cheek, brow, etc. to portray a perfect balance within her.•He often uses opposites like darkness and light to create this balance.• A simile was shown in line one which stated: “She walks in beauty, like the night”, which is also the basis of the poem.•Rhyme and meter•The poem follows a basic iambic tetrameter, with an “ababab cdcdcd efefef” rhyme. •Percy Bysshe Shelley•Comments on Shelley• 1. Shelley is one of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry. And he is also one of the leading Romantic poets, an intense and original lyrical poet in the English language.• 2. Shelley loved the people and hated their oppressors and exploiters. He called on the people to overthrow the rule of tyranny and injustice and prophesied a happy and free life for mankind.• 3. One of the first poets in Europe who sang for the working people. His political lyrics are among the best of their kind in the whole sphere of European romantic poetry.❖ 4. He stood for this social and political ideal all his life.❖ 5. He and Byron are justifiably (justly, rightly) regarded as the two great poets of the revolutionary romanticism in England.❖ 6. Byron, his best friend, said of Shelley “the best and least selfish man I ever knew”.❖7. Wordsworth said, “Shelley is one of the best artists of us all”.❖Ode to the West Wind❖Stanza 1❖It describes the power of the west wind and its double role as both destroyer(ll.2-5) and preserver(ll.6-12).❖Line 14 sums up the wind’s two basic characteristics, which also constitute the thematic focus of the poem❖Stanza 2❖I t focuses on the adumbration of the wind’s power driving clouds before it and bringing storms with it (ll.15-23) with lightning, rain, fire and hail (ll. 23-28).❖It also describes its destructive aspect of “closing night” enveloping all under its dome ofa vast tomb (ll. 24-25).❖Stanza 3❖It talks about the wind’s impact upon the sea, its first touching on the calm of the Mediterranean (ll. 29-36), and then on the turbulence of the Atlantic (ll.36-42).❖The Mediterranean sleeps in serenity in the summer but is waken up by the wind to see the quivering of the shadows of ancient palaces and towers (ll. 29-35) and the Atlantic cleaving asunder into gigantic chasms (ll. 35-38).❖Even the vegetation at the bottom of the sea “grow gray with fear./tremble and despo il themselves”.❖Stanza 4❖It expresses the poet’s emotional response to the west wind.❖The poet says to the wind (ll.43-47) that he wishes to be spirited away like the leaves, to dance like the clouds, to breathe like the waves, and enjoy a share of the win d’s strength like the storm though with a lesser degree of freedom of movement.❖The poet takes a nostalgic backward glance at his free, uncontrollable boyhood when he could fly like a swift could like the wind, and even outstrip it in speed (ll.47-51), and wishes for the wind to lift him up like a leaf or wave or a cloud (l. 54). But it is only a figment of his imagination.❖He has to face “the horns of life” that he has fallen upon, chained and weighed down, and no longer “tameless, swift, and proud” like the wind (ll.54-56).❖Stanza 5⏹It expresses both the poet’s request for the wind to help spread the words of his poem“among mankind” and wake it up from its deep stupor (ll. 66-69) and his prophecy that spring will come in the wake of winter (ll.69-70).⏹The poem ends upon a note of confidence and hope.⏹John Keats one of the greatest English poets and a major figure in the Romanticmovement⏹Ode on a Grecian Urn The Eve of St. Agnes To a NightingaleWalter Scott He is the creator and a great master of the historical novelJane AustenPride and Prejudice；Sense and Sensibility；Mansfield Park；Emma；Northanger Abbey；PersuasionCritical Realism Victorian PeriodFeatures of Dickens’s novels♦Charles Dickens’s novels offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English bourgeois society of his age. They reflect the protest of the people against capitalist exploitation; criticize the vices of capitalist society.Charles Dickens is a petty bourgeois intellectual. He could not overstep the limits of his class. He believed in the moral self-perfection of the wicked propertied classes. He failed to see the necessity of a bitter struggle of the oppressed against their oppressors. There is a definite tendency for a reconciliation of the contradictions of capitalist society♦Charles Dickens is a great humorist. His novels are full of humor and laughter and tell much of the experiences of his childhood. Almost all his novels have happy endings.The story of some major novels♦Oliver Twist♦David Copperfield♦Great Expectation♦ A Tale of Two CitiesWilliam Makepeace ThackerayVanity Fair•The Brontë sisters•Charlotte•Jane eyre (1847)•Shirley (1849)•Villette (1853)•The professor (1857)•Emily•Wuthering Heights (1847)•Anne•Agnes Grey (1847)•The tenant of Wildfell Hall (1848) 《怀德菲尔庄园的房客》Alfred Lord Tennyson•the poet laureate after the death of Wordsworth in 1850•The Princes (1847),•In Memoriam (1850),•Maud (1855),•Enoch Arden (1864),•The Idylls of the King (1869-1872) Break, Break, Break ；Ulysses；Crossing the Bar Robert BrowningMy Last Duchess a dramatic monologueThe transition from 19th to 20th century in English literatureThomas Hardy◆Under the Greenwood Tree◆Far from the Madding Crowd◆The Return of the Native◆The Mayor of Casterbridge◆Tess of the D’Urbervilles◆Jude the ObscureOscar Wilde♦The Picture of Dorian Gray♦Lady Windermere’s Fan♦ A Woman of No Importance♦An Ideal Husband♦The Importance of Being Earnest♦Salome♦The Happy Prince and Other TalesGeorge Bernard Shaw♦ a prolific writer;♦winning Nobel Prize in 1925Mrs. Warren’s professionD. H. Lawrence•Novels•Sons and Lovers•The Rainbow•Women in Love•Lady Chatterley's Lover•Novellas•St Mawr•The Virgin and the Gypsy•The Escaped Cock“stream of consciousness”意识流代表人物：1)、Virginia Woolf 《Mrs. Dalloway》《A Room of One’s Own》 Woolf was much concerned with the position of women. 非常重视妇女的地位 2)、James Joyce Araby附读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。

英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学史及选读复习资料英国文学历史悠久而丰富多样，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的各个时期和流派。

在这篇文章中，我们将探索英国文学史的一些重要时期和作品，并提供一些选读复习资料，帮助读者更好地了解和掌握英国文学。

中世纪文学是英国文学史的起点，其代表作品包括《贝奥武夫》和《坎特伯雷故事集》。

《贝奥武夫》是一部史诗，描写了勇敢的英雄贝奥武夫的冒险故事。

《坎特伯雷故事集》是一部讲述了一群人在前往坎特伯雷朝圣途中分享故事的作品，通过这些故事，揭示了中世纪社会的各个层面。

文艺复兴时期是英国文学史的重要里程碑，该时期的作品受到古希腊罗马文化的影响，充满了人文主义的精神。

莎士比亚是这一时期最杰出的作家之一，他的作品包括诗剧《哈姆雷特》和《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。

这些作品以其深刻的人物刻画和复杂的情节而闻名，被认为是世界文学的瑰宝。

17世纪是英国文学史上的黄金时代，其中最重要的作家是约翰·米尔顿。

他的史诗《失乐园》被誉为英国文学的巅峰之作，以其对人类自由意志和权力的思考而著称。

此外，约翰·多恩也是这一时期的重要作家，他的诗歌作品以其独特的形式和思想深度而受到赞誉。

18世纪是英国文学史上的启蒙时代，这一时期的作品强调理性和科学思维。

亚历山大·蒲柏是这一时期最重要的作家之一，他的诗歌作品《诗人的墓》和《奥德赛》被广泛阅读和研究。

此外，詹姆斯·汤姆森的长诗《四季》也是这一时期的重要作品，描绘了大自然的美丽和变化。

19世纪是英国文学史上的浪漫主义时期，作家们追求情感和个体的表达。

威廉·华兹华斯和塞缪尔·泰勒·柯勒律治是浪漫主义诗歌的代表作家，他们的作品强调对自然和内心世界的关注。

此外，查尔斯·狄更斯是这一时期最重要的小说家之一，他的作品《雾都孤儿》和《双城记》等揭示了当时社会的不公和人性的复杂性。

20世纪是英国文学史上的现代主义时期，作家们挑战传统文学形式和观念。

英国⽂学复习资料The Anglo-saxon period(450-1066)⼀，historical background1, History: The earliest settlers of British Isles were the Celts.2, Old English poetry.⼆，Northumbrian school and Wessex literature.1, Two Highlight in the development of Anglo-saxon literature:(1). Northumbrian school (2), Wessex literature.2,The first Anglo-Saxon poet: Caedmon —“paraphrase”3.Bede: —“the father of English History.”The Ecclesiastical History of English people. 4.King Alfred —the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle三．Epic1. Definition: A long narrative poem celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style.2. Anglo-Saxon Poetry—Beowulf (heroic epic)3.The earliest one is Widsith and last is Maldon .4.The plot: (1)fight with Grendel, Grendel’s mother, Firedrake.(2)the death and funeral5.the significance:6.National epic: Homer’s epic poetry(Greek);V irgil(Roman)7.Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.8.Kenning: A kind of metaphor usually used a phrase instead of a concrete noun.The Norman Period(1066-1350) ⼀．History background1. Norman conquest ended the Anglo-Saxon period2.the influence of Norman Conquest:(1)accelerated the development of feudalism in England.(2)the Anglo-Saxon, low position; English, despised thing.(3)three languages co-existed in England(French ,Latin, Old-English)⼆．Middle English1.the development of English Language2.the unique situation of language using during this time:French ,Latin, Old-English三．R omance1.Norman Conquest’s influence on English languageRomance——Frence——nobbles;lordsNo writtern——English——English subjet（⾂民）Chronicles,religious poem——Latin——scholar2.Definition: the Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature in feudal England which described the life andadventures of knights and reflects the spirit of chivalry in the form of verse. It’s usually about love, chivalry and religion.3.Rhyme:4.Bob: a line of two syllables.5.Wheel: a poem of four lines(a.b.a.b.)6.Three categories of Romans(1),The matter of France—Chanson de roland.(2), the matter of Rome—Alexander(3), The matter of Britain—Arthurian7. Sir Gawain and Green KnightAge of Chaucer⼀，History background1.The hundred years war between England and France(two kings for France throne)2, The peasant uprising of 1381,during the reign of king Richard 2⼆，John wycliff—The father of English prose.1,Contribution:(1),dedicated to religious reform(clergymen had no right to hold property and the civil authority had the right to deprive the church of property, if it proved unworthy of the people’s trust.),(2),Great contribution to English language (translated Bible into standard English)2,William Langland—the vision of Piers Plowman ; Allegory3, Allegory: A story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper meaning.(primary meaning and secondary meaning)三，Chaucer—the father of English poetry(why?)1, Contribution to English literature:(1), Chaucer proved that the English language is a beautiful language and can be easily handled to express different moods.(2)，Chaucer greatly increased the prestige of the English language.(3) Chaucer’s works gave a comprehensive picture of his time.(4), the dramatic structure of his work has been highlycommended by critics.(5)Chaucer made a big improvement of English literature.2,Heroic couplet(英雄双韵体)（1），couplet （两⾏诗⼀押韵）（2），iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)3，Canterbury Tales(1) Structure：24 tales connect by “links”(2)His plan; Chaucer met a group of 29 pilgrims at Canterbury on his way. To kill the time on their journey, they play a game that each pilgrim should tell two stories on the outward trip and another two on the way back. Chaucer and their host joined them, the host will be a judge and give a reward to the one who give the best tale.4,The significance of the Canterbury tales(1), it gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s time.(2).the dramatic structure of his work has been highly commended by critics.（3），It reflects the Chaucer’s humor.(4),It’s a great contribution that Chaucer gave to the English language.The 15th century⼀,Historical background1. The Hundred Years War:(in1415,at the battle of Agincourt ,King Henry 5 defeated French Army)2,The War of the Rose s—Thirty Y ears War:(break out between two families ,at last King Henry 7 defeated Richard 3 ,and then married Elizabeth)3,The discovery of America and the new sea routes —Columbus4,Reformation of the church（the church Henry 8 founded is Anglican church新教）⼆，Popular Ballads(民谣)(belongs to folk literature)1.Definition：a narrative poem that tells a story2. the characters of ballad:(1), the beginning is abrupt (2),strong dramatic elements(3),using dialogue and action (4), the theme is often tragic(5),using ballad meter3, Ballad Meter(1), four-line stanzas(2), the odd numbered(奇数) lines have 4 feet each(3), the even numbered （偶数）lines have 3 feet each(4)，rhymes fall on the even numbered lines4，the popular ballad:Sir Patrick Spens帕特⾥克斯本⼠爵⼠Robin Hood and the three squires罗宾汉和三个乡绅三，Sir Thomas Malory——The Death of King Arthur 四，Early English palys1,The first comedy—Ralph Roister Doister(作者：Nicholas Vdall)2, History: In ancient Greece and Rome , drama was one of the popular forms of entertainment. And then used as part of religious services. By the 14th century, it developed into mystery plays (神秘剧)and miracle plays.（神话剧）3,Dramatic Terms.(1),script剧本（2）stage directions舞台说明（3），monologue 独⽩（4），aside旁⽩（5）,soliloque独⽩(6)act 幕（7）scene场（8）set布景4. Drama’s Definition: Drama is “a composition in prose or verse, adapted to be acted upon a stage, in which a story is related by means of dialogue and action, and is represented with accompanying gesture, costume, and scenery, as in real life.”The English Renaissance英国启蒙运动⼀，history backgroundEnglish navy defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588.⼆,the enclosure movement(圈地运动)Definition: with development of wool trade, some of the nobles and burghers turned vast arable land into their pastures and many peasants became landless.三，H umanism1, renaissance(⽂艺复兴):the rebirth of literary movement that begin in the 14th century in Italy and later to France ,Spanish ,the Netherlands and English and its idea was humanism.2，Humanism: support the idea that man should be given the full freedom to enrich their emotional life,and in praise of man and pursuit of happiness in their life.四，William Shakespeare—playwright, poet, dramatist,actor.1.works: (1)sonnets(2)Mid-summer Nights Dream(3)Romeo and Juliet(4),The Merchant of V enice(5)As Y ou LikeIt(6),Hamlet(7),Othello(8),KingLear(9)Macbeth(10)The winters tale2, Sonnet Definition: is a short poem of 14 lines ,uauslly in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) with various rhyming schemes(韵脚)。

英国文学期末考试复习指南考试题型及分值安排试卷共5部分part I 作家作品搭配10% （该部分全部来自课本讲过的作家及其代表作品）part II 判断正误10%part III单项选择30% （50%出自下面给出的参考题目）part IV作品辨析40% （给出8题中考4题，另有1题出自课堂讲过的作品）part V 简答10% （从下面给出的复习资料中考1题）Part I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.Chapter 1 The Old and Medieval Period1.______, a typical example of Old English poetry, is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons.A. The Wife's ComplaintB. BeowulfC. The Dream of the RoodD. The Seafarer2. It's Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society in his masterpiece ______.A. The Canterbury TalesB. The Legend of Good WomenC. The Romaunt of the RoseD. Troilus and Criseyde3. The Elizabethan ______, in its totality, is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance.A. poetryB. novelC.humanismD. drama4. Dr. Faustus is a play based on the ______legend of a magician aspiring for knowledge and finally meeting his tragic end as a result of selling his soul to the Devil.A. GermanB. BritishC.FrenchD. American5. Christopher Marlowe's greatest achievement lies in the fact that he perfected ______and made it the principal medium of English drama.A. the heroic coupletB. the free verseC.the blank verseD. the Spenserian stanza6. ______, the first of the great tragedies, is generally regarded as Shakespeare's most popular play on the stage.A. The Merchant of VeniceB. HamletC. King LearD. Julius Caesar7. ______ is based on a widespread legend in northern Europe.A. TamburlaineB. The Jew of MaltaC. HamletD. The Winter's Tale8. ______ Essays is the first example of that genre in English literature.A. John Milton'sB. Francis Bacon'sC. Montaigne'sD. Thomas Gray's9. ______is the leading figure of the metaphysical school.A. John MiltonB. John DonneC. John BunyanD. John Keats10.______ is indeed the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf.A. Paradise LostB. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. The Faerie QueeneChapter 2 The Neoclassical Period1. ______is the most successful religious allegory in the English language.A. Genesis AB. ExodusC. The Pilgrim's ProgressD. The Holy War2. ______has been regarded by some as "Father of the English novel" for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.A. John BunyanB. Henry FieldingC. Daniel DefoeD. Jonathan Swift3. Of all the 18th century novelists ______was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a "comic epic in prose."A. Henry FieldingB. Daniel DefoeC. John BunyanD. Jonathan Swift4.______brings Henry Fielding the name of the "Prose Homer".A. The Pilgrim's ProgressB. Tom JonesC. Robinson CrusoeD. Colonel Jack5. The poem "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard" is regarded as the most representative work of______.A. the Metaphysical SchoolB. The Graveyard SchoolC. the Gothic SchoolD. the Romantic school6. "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard", ______ best and most representative work, has been ranked among the best of the 18th century English poetry.A. Alexander Pope'sB. Thomas Gray'sC. Samuel Johnson'sD. William Blake's7. In his novel, Robinson Crusoe, Defoe describes the hero of the______.A. aristocratic classB. enterprising landlordsC. rising bourgeoisieD. hard-working peopleChapter 3 The Romantic Period1. English Romanticism is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of a joint volume of poetry, Lyrical Ballads, written by Wordsworth and______.A. KeatsB. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Byron2. ______defines poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility."A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. Samuel Taylor ColeridgeD. John Keats3. For the Romantics, ______ is not only the major source of poetic imagery, but also provides the dominant subject matter.A. loveB. manC. natureD. death4. The two major novelists of the English Romantic Period are ______and Walter Scott.A. Washington IrvingB. Jane AustenC. Herman MelvilleD. Charles Dickens5. The principal elements of ______ novel are violence, horror, and the supernatural, which strongly appeal to the reader's emotion.A. GothicB. RomanticC. SentimentalD. Realistic6. Byron’s masterpiece is ____.A. Don JuanB. ManfredC. CainD. Queen Mab8. Who is a novelist among the following writers? ____A. Jonathan SwiftB. Christopher MarloweC. Jane AustenD. Alfred TennysonChapter 4 The Victorian Period1. The most distinguishing feature of Charles Dickens's works lies in his ______.A. social criticismB. optimismC. character-portrayalD. social setting2. ______is famous for its vivid descriptions of the workhouse and life of the underworld in the 19th century London.A. Oliver TwistB. Great ExpectationsC. David CopperfieldD. Hard Times3. ______ is Robert Browning's best-known dramatic monologue.A. "My Last Duchess"B. "Meeting at Night"C. "Parting at Morning"D. "Pippa Passes"4. Most of Hardy's novels are set in______, the fictional primitive and crude region which is really the home place he both loves and hates.A. LondonB. YoknapatawphaC. WessexD. Paris5. ______works are known as "novels of characters and environment. "A. Charles Dickens'sB. Thomas Hardy'sC. Jane Austen'sD. George Eliot's6. ______could be classified to be both a naturalistic and a critical realistic writer.A. Charles DickensB. George EliotC. Thomas HardyD. T. S. Eliot7. ______ believes that man's fate is predeterminedly tragic, driven by a combined force of "nature", both inside and outside.A. Charles DickensB. Thomas HardyC. Bernard ShawD. T. S. Eliot8. During the Victorian period, the____ became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought.A dramaB sonnetsC poetryD novel9. “My Last Duchess” is ____.A. a sonnetB. a short lyricC. an essayD. a dramatic monologue10. Choose the literary trend that belongs to Modernism.A expressionismB surrealismC DadaismD all of the above11. Which of the following is not a stream-of-consciousness novel? ____A. Lord JimB. UlyssesC. Mrs. DallowayD. The Wave12. ____was the most gifted dramatist of the Irish National Theater Movement.A. William Butler YeatsB. Lady GregoryC. J.M. SyngeD. George Bernard ShawPart II. Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Passage OneWhen the sweet showers of April fall and shootDown through the drought of March to pierce the root,Bathing every vein in liquid powerFrom which there springs the engendering of the flower,When also Zephyrus with his sweet breathExhales an air in every grove and heathUpon the tender shoots, and the young sunHis half-course in the sign of the Ram has runQuestions:1. Identify the author and the work.2. What’s the form of this passage? Explain it briefly.3. Paraphrase the first four lines in your own words.Passage TwoThe earth was made for Dombey and Son to trade in, and the sun and moon were made to give them light. Rivers and seas were formed to float their ships; rainbows gave them promise of fair weather; winds blew for or against theirenterprises stars and planets circled in their orbits, to preserve inviolate a system of which they were the centre.Questions1. Identify the author and the work.2. What is the personality of the protagonist in this novel?3. What can this passage be classfied? Realism or romanticism?What are thecharacteristics of this literature form?Passage ThreeBut as to myself, having been wearied out for many years with offering vain, idle, visionary thoughts, and at length utterly despairing of success, I fortunately tell upon this proposal, which, as it is wholly new, so it hath something solid and real, of no expense and little trouble, full in our own power, and whereby we can incur no danger in disobliging England. For this kind of commodity will not bear exportation, the flesh being of too tender a consistence to admit a long continuance in salt, although perhaps I could name a country which would be glad to eat up our whole nation without it.Questions:1. Identify the author and the work.2. What is the “commodity” mentioned in this passage?3. Wthat does “a country” refer to?4. What is the real purpose of the writing of this article?Passage FourA little black thing among the snowCryi ng “weep! Weep! In notes of woe!”“Where are thy father & mother? Say?They are both gone up to the church to pray.Questions:1. Identify the author and the work.2. What does “a little black thing” in the first line refer to?3. What is the theme of the poem?Passage FiveTess, like her compeers, soon discovered which of the cows had a preference for her style of manipulation, and her fingers having become delicate from the long domiciliary imprisonment to which she had subjected herself at intervals during the last two or three years, she would have been glad to meet the milcher’s views in this respect. Out of the whole ninety-five there were eight in particular--Dumpling, Fancy, Lofty, Mist, Old Pretty, Young Pretty, Tidy, and Loud--who, though the teats of one or two were as hard as carrots, gave down to her with a readiness that made her work on them a mere touch of the fingers. Knowing, however, the dairyman’s wish, she endeavored conscientiously to take the animals just as they came, expecting the very hard yielders, which she could not yet manage.Questions:1. This passage is taken from a novel entitled____.2. The name of the author is____.3. What's the theme of the novel?Passage SixFor oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffdiles.Questions1. Identify the author and the work.2. What does “inward eye” mean?3. What can this poem be classfied? Realism or romanticism? What charactersabout this literature form can you get from the poem?Passage SevenO, well for the fisherman’s boy,That he shouts with his sister at play!O, well for the sailor lad,That he sings in his boat on the bay!And the stately ships go onTo their haven under the hill;But O for the touch of a vanish’d hand,And the sound of a voice that is still!Questions1. Identify the author and the work.2. What kind of feeling is expressed in this poem?3. List at leat three rhetorical devices used in the poem.Passage Eight…Oh, sir, she smiled, no doubt,Whene’ver I passed her; but who passed withoutMuch the same smile? This grew; I gave commands;Then all smiles stopped together. There she standsAs if alive.Questions1. Identify the author and the work.2. What’s the form of this poem? Explain this form briefly.3. What happened to the “She” in the poem?4. What kind of person is the speaker in the poem?Part III. Write a short essay on the following topic.1. Give a brief analysis of Satan's characterization in Paradise Lost.2. Comment on the characteristics of Romantic literature in English history.。

10对外《英国文学史作品选读》期末考试复习材料10对外《英美文学史及作品选读》期末考试复习材料一、名词解释1. Enlightenment:With the advent of the 18th century, in England, as in other Europe an countries, there sprang into life a public movement known as the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment on the whole, was an expression of struggle of the then progressive class of bourgeois against feudalism. They fought against inequality, stagnation, prejudices and other survivals of feudalism. They attempted to place all branches of science at the servi ce of mankind by connecting them with the actual deeds and requirements of the people.（启蒙运动）2. Ode:A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on so me lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a pers on or a season or to commemorate an event.（赋；颂歌；颂诗）3. Romanticism: A movement that flourished in literature, philosophy, music, and art in Western culture during most of the 19th century, beginning as a revolt against classicism.（浪漫主义）4. Epic:A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral traditi on and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.（史诗）5. Romance:Any imagination literature that is set in an idealized world and that deals with a heroic adventures and battles between good characters and villains or monsters.（冒险故事；传奇）6. Sonnet:A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written inrhymed iambic pentameter. A s onnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.（十四行诗）7. Iambic pentameter: A poetic line consisting of five verse feet, with each foot an ia mb—that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Iambic pentameter is the most common verse line in English poetry.（抑扬格五音步）8. Couplet: Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme. A heroic couplet is an iambic p entameter couplet.（两行诗；对句）9. Conceit: A kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startlingly differe nt things. A conceit may be a brief metaphor, but it usually provides the framework for an entire poem. An especially unusual and intellectual kind of conceit is the metaphysical co nceit.（奇喻）10. Alliteration: The repetition of the initial consonant sounds in poetry. （头韵）二、考试大纲Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period (449—1066)1.Literature characteristicsLiterary divisions : pagan &Christian2 .Representative achievement of Anglo-Saxon period—The Song of Beowulf(了解Beowulf 的文学地位，主题，故事梗概等内容。

英国文学史复习资料整理篇一：英国文学史复习资料整理(1)? historical background: the making of BritainA. Briton (Celtic tribes)B. the Roman Conquest---Roman Briton1thJulius CaesarA.D.43ClaudiusC. mid-5thAnglo-Saxons (Angles, Saxons, Jutes)Anglo-Saxon periodD. Danish invasionlate 8th, Daneslate 9th, Alfred the Greatthe literaturethe literature of this period falls naturally isto two divisions—pagan and Christianpagan represents the poetry which the Anglo-Saxons probably brought with them in the form of oral sagasChristian represents the writings developed under teaching of the monks..All of the earliest poetry of England was copied by the monks, and seems to have been more or less altered to give it a religious coloring.The angles, an important Teutonis tribe, furnished the name for the new home, which was called Angle-land afterward shortened into England. The language spoken by these tribes is generally called Anglo-Saxon or Saxon.Literary term★ Epic: a long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral tradition and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.(examples: Iliad, Odyssey, Chanson de Roland)2. Beowulf– national epic★ the longest and most monument of A-S poems★ the oldest surviving epic in British literature.? oral form (6th), earliest written record (7th or 8th)? set in Denmark and SwedenBeowulf1. 3183 lines2. contents:Beowulf centers on the narration of the exploits of the heroic figure beowulf.3 adventuresMonster---GrendelGrendel’s motherfiery dragonTheme: primitive peo ple’s struggle against hostile forces of the natural world under a wise and mighty leader.Beowulf is not simply a man of great military prowess but he is forever eager to help others in distress and in his last adventure with the dragon he shows himself a worthy leader ready to sacrifice his own life for the welfare of his people.Features:＊part-historical and part legendary＊heathen tribal society, feudal elements, Christian coloring＊A-S or old English; alliteration metaphorIn the year 1066, at the battle of Hastings, the Normans headed by William, Duke of Normandy, defeated the Anglo-Saxons.Brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.England literature is also a combination of French and Saxon elements.The three chief effects of the conquest were1. the bringing of Roman civilization to England2. the growth of nationality a strong centralized government, instead of the loose union of Saxon tribes3. the new language and literature were proclaimed in Chaucer1the Norman conquest accelerated the development of feudalism.? on land: the ruling class possessed large tracts of land? on society: distinct class division, miseries of peasants? on language: scholar wrote in French and Latin; eiched English.The developmentof romance and knights’ legends★ Romance: A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble man. The central character is the Knight, who has a noble birth, is skillful in the use of weapon and devotes to the church or King. The rules governing the manners and morals of a knight are known as chivalry.? Themes of romance:the matter of Britain— king Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (Arthurian romances) the matter of France— Charlemagne and his knights (Chanson deRoland)the matter of Rome— from the Trojan War to Alexander the GreatKing Arthur:＊historical figure of Celts; mythological figure in Welsh literature;＊legendary hero in ? Geoffery of Monmouth: “History of the Kings of Britain” ?Layamon:“Brut”? Sir Tomas Malory: “Le Morte D?Arthur”? Anglo-Saxon? Later legends about a hero named Arthur were placed in this period of violence. The invaders were variously Angles, Saxons, Frisians, Jutes, but were similar in culture and eventually identified themselves indifferently as Angles or Saxons.The most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend—―Sir Gawain and the Green Knig ht‖ (four sections)a.The fight between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight at King Arthur?s Christmas feast.b. Gawain?s adventures on the way to find the Green Knight of the Green Chapel篇二：英国文学史及选读__复习要点总结《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题）2. Romance （名词解释）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story4. Ballad（名词解释）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser“The Faerie Queene”13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读）14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。

英国文学复习资料上课讲义英国文学复习资料1Chapter One （一般掌握）Chapter Two English Literature of the Late Medieval AgesI．可出选择题有：( ) 1. Apart from original poems, Chaucer translated various works of French authors, among them is the famous __________________A. The Canterbury TalesB. The Romance of the RoseC. The Parliament of FowlsD. The House of Fame( ) 2. Generally speaking, Chaucer’s works fall into three main groups corresponding roughly to the three periods of his adult life, which period is wrong?A. The period of French influenceB. The period of Italian influenceC. The period of his maturityD. The period of American influence( ) 3. Which of the following information about Chaucer is wrong?A. He died on the 25th of October 1400, he was the first to be buried in the write r’s corner of Westminster AbbyB. He was considered as “father of English Poetry”C. He was one of the narrative poets of EnglandD. His masterpiece is The Canterbury Tales( ) 4. Of the following, the one which employs the form of romance is____.A. AmorettiB. Venus and AdonisC. The TempestD. Sir Gawain and Green Knight( ) 5. The characters in the Canterbury Tales can be divided into the following groups except_____.A. rural dwellersB. church membersC. tradesmanD. nobles( ) 6. Piers the Plowman is similar in form to the work written byA. ChaucerB. ShakespeareC. MarloweD. BunyanChapter Three English Literature in the RenaissanceI．可出选择题有：( ) 1. English Renaissance Period was an age of ______________A. prose and novelB. poetry and dramaC. essays and journalsD. ballads and songs( ) 2. “Romeo, Romeo, Wherefore art thou Romeo?” is one of the most famous lines from Romeo and Juliet. Which of the following comments on the line is NOT true?A. Juliet speaks the line in the balcony scene.B. She is unaware of Romeo’s presence.C. She asks him to deny his family for her love.D. A major theme in Romeo and Juliet is the tension between social and family identity and one’s inner identity (representedby one’s name). ( ) 3. The Elizabethan literature____________A. had a marked unity and the feeling of patriotism and devotion to thequeen.B. witnessed a decline of degenerationC. expressed age and sadness, even the brightest hours were followed bygloom and pessimism.D. was not romantic.( ) 4. One of the following plays takes its subject matter from Chinese historyA. Henry IVB. MacbethC. TamburlaineD. Alchemist( ) 5. Dr Faustus sells his soul to the devil because he_________.A. is faced by MephistophelesB. wants to gain more moneyC. wants to live an extravagant lifeD. wants to know more about the world( ) 6. Shakespeare is a poet , playwright and ______.A. criticB. novelistC. an actorD. both b and c( ) 7. Of the following, the one which employs the form of romance is____.A. AmorettiB. Venus and AdonisC. The TempestD. Sir Gawain and Green Knight( ) 8. The difference of Surrey’s contribution to English poetry from that of Wyatt lies in that Surrey________.A. wrote the first English sonnetB. introduce the couplet into EnglandC. wrote the first English blank verseD. made the sonnet popular( ) 9. The one who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English drama isA. SurreyB. MarloweC. ShakespeareD. Jonson( ) 10. The recurrent theme of Marlowe’ s play is the p raise of ____.A. capitalismB. feudalismC. individualismD. nationalismII．可出填空题有：1. Rough winds do shake the _______________of May,And _____________has all too short a date.2. Sometimes too hot the ______________shines, and often is his __________dimmed.3. Shakespeare produced __________plays and ____________sonnet.4. ___________is praised by Marx as “the progenitor of English Materialism”.III．可出简答题有：Analyze Shakespeare’s four periods of career concisely.Chapter Four English Literature of the Seventeenth Century I．可出选择题有：( ) 1. __________was a progressive intellectual movement which began in France and had a wide impact throughout Europe in 18th century.A. The RenaissanceB. The EnlightenmentC. The Religious ReformationD. The Chartist Movement( ) 2.Which of the following comment on the image of Satan in Paradise Lost is NOT correct?A. The finest thing in Paradise Lost is the description of Hell and Satanwas the real hero.B. He is firmer than the rest of the fallen angelsC. He remains obeyed and admired by all the angelsD. It is he who makes man revolt against God.( ) 3. Which of the following information about John Donne is NOT true?A. He was born in a Roman Catholic family.B. He received his education at Oxford and Cambridge.C. Later he gave up his Catholic faith and took orders in the AnglicanChurch.D. He wrote only religious poems.( ) 4. Dryden’s contribution to English literature lies in the following except_____.A. he established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse formB. he clarified the English proseC. he raised the English literature criticism to a new levelD. he raised English comedy to a higher level( ) 5. Apology for Poetry is ______.A. a poemB. a romanceC. a criticismD. a sonnetII．可出判断题有：( ) 1. John Donne is famous for his metaphysical conceit, that is, a comparison between the two strikingly resemblant objects.( ) 2. Newspaper was born in 17th century.( ) 3. One of the characteristics of the English bourgeois revolution was that it was carried out under the cloak of religion.III．可出填空题有：1．________________is the glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry.IV．可出术语有：metaphysical poetsChapter Five English Literature in the Eighteenth CenturyI．可出选择题有：( ) 1. In the 18th century, satire was much used in writing, English literature of this age produced some excellent satirists, such as ____________A. SwiftB. DefoeC. BlakeD. Burns( ) 2. In the 18th century English literature, the representative poets of Pre-romanticism were_____________A. Blake and WordsworthB. Burns and ColeridgeC. Blake and BurnsD. Wordsworth and Coleridge( ) 3. Which of the following information about William Blake is NOT true?A. He was born in London, the son of Irish hosier.B. He was a poet as well as an engraver.C. His first book of poem was Songs of Innocence.D. His later poems are mysterious and hard to understand.( ) 4. The main literary stream of the 18th century was___________.A. RomanticismB. RealismC. Pre-romanticismD. Critical realism( ) 5. __________was considered as “father of English Novel”.A. SwiftB. FieldingC. ChaucerD. Jane Austin( ) 6. In 1704, ___________founded the periodicals “the Review”.A. SwiftB. BlakeC. MiltonD. DefoeII．可出判断题有：( ) 1. Pope established the heroic couplet as one of the principal English verse forms.( ) 2. Burn’s poems are largely based on imitation andrevision of folk ballads of his motherland.( ) 3. Neo-classicism means restraint, thus it is unfit for the requirement of French Revolution, which aroused the age of Romantic Revival to unfetter spirit of humankind.( ) 4. Swift is known as a pioneer novelist of English and also a prolific writer of books and pamphlets on variety of subjects.( ) 5. The Houyhnhnms represent an ideal rational existence, a life governed by sense.III．可出填空题有：1. ________________is the glorious pioneer to introduce blank verse into non-dramatic poetry.2. People in 18th century believed in ___________and their watchword was。

Chapter 11.Earliest settlers---Celts2.55 B.C. TO 407 A.D. ---Roman EmpireLondon was founded3.演变Celts- Romans – Anglo-Saxon – English4.Julius Caesar ; the first general came to British5.500A.D. THE founder of the kingdom wessex; the Celts King Arthur. His followers ; who were know as the knights of the round table;fight for their kingdom against the AS invaders.6.9th century; King Alfred ; the great of Wessex lead the AS kingsto defeat the invaders by uniting their forces.7.the Norman Conquest1066; Duck of Normandy came from Normandy to attack England to gets the land promise to be given to him for protecting from the Danes invasion by Edward Ⅱ. And Normandy beat the Harold at the Hesting.8.Two highlight in the development of AS literatureA. Northumrian School错误!the first AS poet ---CaedmonThe earliest English poet. According to Bede; he was an elderly herdsman who received the power of song in a vision.错误!Vernerable Bede; A monk write in Lain <The Ecclesiastical History of the English People> Father of English HistoryB. the reign of Alfred Contribution错误!translate a number of Latin books into West Saxon dialect 错误!<The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle>错误!created a style of Anglo-Saxon Prose9. A long epic poetry 长篇叙事诗<Beowulf>A.the earliest heroic poetryB.the most significant poetryC.existed in oral form as early as the 6th centuryD.Beowulf is a mixture of paganism and Christian elements10.Difference between Old Eng poetry ; later poetry is technicalstructure11.There are two poetic features of Old English poetry:alliteration and kenning.Chapter 21.流行Romance 主要写Knights2.Duke William of Normandy. The Norman Conquest in 1066 acceleratedthe development of feudalism 封建主义in ENG3.Categories of Romances: The matter of Erance ;the matter of Rome ;the matter of Britain4.Middle ENG:A.words that are related with enjoyment and pleasure are usuallyof the French originB.many inflectional form of words were droppedC.formal grammar simplified5. Medieval Romance Subject MattersA. matter of French Charlemagne the Great; Roland; <Chanson de Roland>B. matter of Rome Alexander the Great; The siege of TroyC. Britain the Arthurian LegendBy Sir Gawain; Launce lot; Marlin; the quest for Holy Grail; the Death of King Arthur.Chapter 3 Age of Chaucer1.The Hundreds’Years War is an awakening of nationalConsciousness in ENG;the French heroine Joan of Arc贞德2.Geoffrey Chaucer Buried in the Poets’ Conner in WestminsterAbbeyA.Father of Eng poetryB.The work of Geoffrey Chaucer错误!influenced by French literature<The Book of the Duchess>错误!influenced by Boccaccio <Travius and Cryseyde>错误!<The Canterbury Tales >坎特伯雷故事集The general prologue 总序is the best part of it.3.the significances of <The Canterbury Tales>A.Gives a comprehensive picture of Chaucer’s timeB.The dramatic structure of the poem has been highly commended高度赞赏by criticsC.Geoffrey Chaucer’s humorD.Chaucer’s contribution to ENG languageE.Perhaps the greatest work in Middle English4.John WycliffA.father of ENG proseB.one of the first figures who demanded to reform churchC.the one translate Bible into standard ENG5.William Langland<Sir Gawain> <Green Knights><The Vision of PiersPlowman>Chapter 41.main eventsA.The war of the Rose ;the thirty Years Warthe house ofLancaster/Red; the house of YorkB.The discovery of American and the new sea routesC.Reformation of church. HenryⅧ found the Anglican Church;break away from the church of Rome.2.Ballad: a narrative poem that tells a story3.Characters of BalladsA.the beginning is often abruptB.have strong dramatic elementsC.the story is told through dialogue and actionD.the theme is often tragicE.the meter格律is used contains four-line stanzas; the oddnumbered line奇数four feet; the even numbered line偶数three feet. Rhymes fall on the even numbered lines.4.BalladsA.<Robin Hood> A legendary hero living during the reign ofRichard the Lion Heated 金雀花王朝B.<The Death of King Arthur>By Sir Thomas Mallory prefect theking Arthur5.Early ENG Playsthe 14th developed intomystery Plays神秘剧;miracle plays 奇迹剧6.The flourishing of dramathe reason: no other entertainment ;both rich and poor can go to thereChapter 5英国文学史上三次高潮 15th ENG Renaissance— 19th上Romantic —19th 下 Victoria1.The BackgroundQueen Elizabeth ; defeat the Spanish Armada 无敌舰队; mighty naval power强有力的海军.2.Humanism 人文主义Rebirth文艺复兴的时代精神Humanism Renaissance is a French word which means “rebirth ”in ENG3.人文主义的解释及价值观According to the Humanist scholars it was against human nature to 错误!sacrifice the happiness of the life for an after life. They argued that 错误!man should be given full freedom to enrich their intellectual and emotional life. In religion they demanded the reformation of the church; In art and literati on; instead of happiness in his life. Humanism shattered the shackles of spiritual bondage of man’s mind by the Roman catholic church and opened his eyes to “a brave new world” in front of him.4.Edmund Spenser <The Faerie Queen>5.The University WitsA.Robert GreeneB.Thomas Kyd <The Spanish Tragedy>C.Christopher Marlowe<The tragic History of Doctor Faustus> Theblank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter6.William ShakespeareA.发展错误!Early years of his apprenticeship学徒期错误!Growth and development错误!gloom and depression错误!restored serenityB.achievement错误!represented the trend of history in giving write to the desires and aspiration of people错误!S’ humanism: He had firm belief in the mobility of human nature and in the power of love错误!S’ characterization; S’ characters are round 丰满的而非flatter 扁平错误!originality错误!as a great poet in sonnets错误!master of the Eng language7.Four Tragedy : Hamlet; Othello; King Lear; The Tragedy of Macbeth8.Sonnets Italy/Petrarch’s —the first one; S’sA.definition A short song in the original meaning of the wordbecome a poet of 14 lines. Usually in iambic pentameter抑扬格五音步 with various rhyming schemes.B.Sonnet; 3 quatrains; 1 couplet Shakespeare’s <Mr.W.H><DarkLady>9.S’s sonnets are different from Petrach’s.Petrach’s sonnets is divided into an octave八音which typically rhymes abba abba ; and a sestet; which may have varying rhyme schemes.Shakespeare’s sonnets English sonnetsconsists of 3 quatrains and 1 couplet ;which typically rhyme abab cdcd efef gg .ends witha surprised conclusion or a shift of ideas.Petrach abba abba / cde cdeShakespeare abab cdcd efef / gg10.Hamlet —Humanist melancholy忧郁 procrastination优柔寡断Chapter 6From Age of Elizabeth to Glorious Revolution1.Backgroundthe ENG bourgeois revolution 资产阶级革命;农民与贵族阶级;Anglican church 与Puritanical Church2.Glorious Revolution 1688In 1688; William signed <The Bill of Rights> presented by Parliament; which greatly restricted the power of English King hence four ENGLAND has become a country of constitutional monarchy.君主立宪制3.The King James Bible of 1611Old Testament in HebrewsNew Testament in GreekThe earliest English translations of the Bible date back to Caedmon; Bade and King Alfred.4.Francis Bacon. Praised by Marx as “the pioneer of EngMaterialism唯心主义”5.<Of Studies>目的：Studies serve for delight; for ornament; for ability.功效：History make man wise; poetry witly; mathematics subtitle;natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.方法：Books are able to be tasked; others to be swallowed; and some few to be chewed and digested.6.玄学派特点Metaphysical PoetsJohn DonneMetaphysical Poets describe a school of highly intellectual poetry marked by hold and ingenious conceits 奇思妙喻incongruous imagery. Complexity of thought; frequent use of Paradox; and often by deliberate harshness or rigidity of expression.7.Main theme of Metaphysical Poets: love; death and religionMain theme of Cavalier骑士派：Carpe Diem及时行乐8.Cavalier: Carpe diem<ＡValediction：forbidding mourning >A breach; but an expansionLike gold to airy thinness beatIf they be two; they are two so.As stiff twin compasses are two.THEME; 他人物质化的爱情与我柏拉图式的真爱..9.John MiltonPuritan Writer<Paradise Lost>10.<Paradise Lost>ton ’s master piece and one of the greatest poems in worldliterate.B.Satan; the most impressive character Better to reign inHell than Serve in HeavenC.Meaning:错误!rebellion spirits叛逆精神错误!defiance of authority对权威的藐视错误!excessive pride极端自负11.John BunyanPuritan <The Pilgrim’s progress>天路历程iswritten in the old fashioned medieval form of allegory and drama. Chapter 71.Glorious Revolution2.Two Parliaments: The Tory & The Whig3.The characters of neo-classicismOfficialA.People emphasized reason理智rather than emotion; form ratherthan contentB.As reason was stressed; most of the writings of the age weredidactic 说教性and satirical讽刺C.As elegance 优雅性correctness正确性appropriateness 恰当性and restraint 节制性were preferred ; the poet found closedcouplet the only possible verse form for serious work.D.It’s almost exclusively a “town” poetry catering to theinterests of the “society” in great cities.E.It is entirely wanting in all these elements that are relatedwith the “romantic”CivilianA.Emphasized reason rather than emotion ; form rather thanContentB.Didactic and satiricalC.The poet found closed couplet the only for seriousD.Town poetry show no love of nature; landscape or countrythingsck of all Romantic Elements4． Geoffrey Chaucer; first use couplet—Pope5. Classicisms ; a drama; 3 unities: action; place; time6. Daniel Defoe; know as a pioneer novelist of ENG<Robinson>is based on a real incident.<Moll Flanders> a lowly women as the subject of literature who for her first time has committed theft and robbery.7. Jonathan Swift<Gulliver’s Travels>8.Joseph Addison & Richard Steele; periodical essays期刊写作. 2periodical 期刊the tattler; the spectator9.Alexander Pope 新古代表/英雄双韵顶峰<Whatever is ; is right >deist view 自然神论观点10.Samuel Johnson<A Dictionary of English Language>11.Henry Fielding playwright; novelist<The History of Tom Jones; A Founding>12.Robert Burns 抒情诗人From Scotland; write in Scottish and intraditional of Scottish folk songs. Besides; love lyrics; most of his poems and songs are about patriotic and political Themes.Burns had a profound love for the common Scottish people and their literature. And his poems or songs are permeated with the Scottish natural spirit.<A Red; Red Rose>13.William Blake 神秘主义者同Burns 为前期浪漫主义代表<Songs of Innocence> <Songs of Experience>Chapter 8 Romanticism1.From Lyrical Ballads by Wordsworth and Coleridge in 1798 tothe death of Sir Walter Scott in 1832.2.Characters: The glorification of instinct and emotion a deepveneration 崇拜of nature; and a flaming zeal to remark the world.3.Rousseau 卢梭 French Philosopher . The Father of Romanticism/The Nobel Savage4.Characteristic features of the romantic movementA.Subjectivism主观主义B.Spontaneity 自发性C.Singularity 奇特性D.Worship of natureE.SimplicityF.There is a dominating note of melancholy / in the poems ofRomantic poets人道主义理想、忧郁气质G.An age of poetry by which the poets outpoured their feelingand emotion free verse form5.William Wordsworth —Poet Laureate 桂冠诗人6.WW <I Wandered Lonely As A Cloud>A.Sing of harmony between things in nature and between thenature and the poet himselfB.Personification; Simile; Metaphorke poets William Wordsworth; Robert Southey;Taylor Coleridge8.Samuel Taylor Coleridge <The Rime of the Ancient Mariner>古舟子咏9.George Gordon Byron <Don Juan> <The Isles of Greece>10.<Don Juan> the adventure of a Spanish liberationByron’s fiery passion for the liberation of Greek people; and his bitter satire on the sham and hypocrisy in love; religion and the social relation of his time.11.Percy Bysshe Shelley <Song to the man of England>希望英国人认识到自己的悲惨地位起来奋斗12.John Keats Last poet<On the First Looking into Chapmen’s Homer>13.Charles Lamb 剧作家With his sister 写了<Tales formShakespeare>Contribution to Familiar Essay14.Thomas de Quincy<On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth>15.Walter Scott—Historic Novel . 1832 die ; the end of RomanticismContribution <Ivanhoe>Chapter 9 Queen Victoria1.Two Queens:A.both were on a throne for a long period of time. Elizabeth40s; Victoria 60s.B.Developed rapidly in both politically ; economicallyC.Literature flourishedE’ - SB; drama. V’-novel2.The reason why novel rise quickly in V’s AgeA.the growth of urban population bring a new reading in publichB.the development of printing and making papers and the priceof books droppedC.people can make a living by writingD. a large part class who need recreation and entertainmentE.the novel provided a marvelous mechanism for all sort ofthings——explorisy the conditions of poor and the manners of society; satirizing individuals or institution ;advocating social reform and providing diversion for people at all levelsF.the feminist movement3.Characterized by the common featuresA.plot is unfolded against a social backgroundB.the cause-effect sequence much more striking than in previousnovelsC.published in serial form连载D.the spirit of Puritanism 清教主义E.characterized by their moral purpose hypocrisy 伪善 V’时期的共同特点F.critical realism 批判现实主义/ critical realistic novelist批判现实主义小说4.Charles Dickens <Oliver Twist><David Copperfield>artistic technique错误!a tendency to describe ugly characters or events错误!loves to instill life into inanimate things错误!description of pathetic scenes5.William Makepeace Thackeray<Vanity Fair>“A novel without hero”6.Difference between Thackeray and DickensA.Thackeray descript a different world from Dickens T; descriptpeople of upper and middle classes; D; descript the underdogs and the unprivilegedB.T is a cynic ; D is a sentimentalist 感伤主义者C.T against affectation. D is a Romanist7.The title Vanity Fair is taken from John Bunyan’s <ThePilgrim’s Progress>8.Lord Alfred Tennyson Laureate Poet<Break; Break; Break> 挽歌Tennyson wrote in memory of his friend Arthur Hallam.9.Robert Browning the dramatic monologue戏剧独白诗<My lastDuchess>10.The Bront SisterA.Charlotte Bront —<Jane Eyre>B.Emily Bront —<Wuthering Height>C.Anne Bront —<Agnes Grey>11.Some critics said that the Bront inherited their strong emotionfrom their parents.A.The Celtic blood explains their strong emotion and theiraudacity in the search for spiritual integrity.B.Another factor was the moorland which was not yet corruptedby the evils of society.C.The Third factor their writing career was the fact that theywere greatly influenced by Romantic Poets.12.The works of Charlotte and Emily Bront and different from thoseof other Victorian writers in the aspects below:A.their works are marked by strong romantic elementsB.the role of nature is very significant in their workC.marked by a new conception of women as heroines of vitalstrength and passionate feelings.13.<Jane Eyre> first most powerful ENG novel which represents themodern view of women’s position in society.14.Emily Bront <Wuthering Heights>Heathcliff Catharine EmilyBront portrays the conflict between the privileged and the hire hand.15.Thomas Hardy; the last important novelist of the Victorian ageWessex novels.<Tess of the D’Urbervilles><Jude the Obscure>自然主义、社会达尔文主义 pessimisticThe dominate theme of his novel is the futility of man’s effort to struggle against cruel and unintelligible fate. Chance and circumstance; which are all predestined by Immanent Will. 16.George Bernard Shaw Irish <Major Barbar’s><Pygmalion><HeartBreak House>17.Oscar Wilde—<The Picture of Dorian Gray>decadence颓废主义名词解释1.Alliteration头韵is the repetition of the same sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are next to or close to each other.例子： of man was the mildest and most belovedTo his kin the kindest ; keenest for praise代表作：Sir Gawain &Green Knight2.Kenning隐喻A kenning is a metaphor usually composed two words; which becomes the formula 准则for a special object.3.RenaissanceA French word; means “Rebirth”.The art and science of ancient Greece and Rome were being rediscovered after long years of neglect. English Re had two impulses —humanist reverence for the classics and English pride and sense of national identity. Emphasized the dignity and potential of the individual and the worth of life in this world.4.RomanceR is a type of literature that is very popular in the Middle age. The great age of medieval romance is the 12th and early 13the centuries and its chief breeding ground起源地is the aristocratic贵族的society in France.5.Allegory 寓言An allegory is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underling meaning; and serve to spread moral teaching.6.Heroic Couplet英雄对偶句HC is a pare of rhyming 押韵的 iambic pentameter五步抑扬格lines. AA BB CC DD EE7.Ballad 民谣B is a narrative poem that tells story.8.The blank Verse无韵诗Unrhymed iambic pentameter; used in his dramas ; was the chief verse for; used by SB.16世纪的英国戏剧主要表现形式9.An ode 颂诗It’s a rhymed lyric expressing noble feelings; often addressed toa person or celebrating an event.10.Dramatic monologue戏剧独白诗It’s a poem in which there is one imaginary speaker; addressing an imaginary audience.11.Allegory:A tale in verse or prose in which characters; actions; or settingsrepresent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings; a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.12.Anapest抑抑扬:Its made up of two unstressed and one stressed syllables; with the two unstressed ones in front.常用资料修辞名称：meter格律; rhyme韵; sound assonance谐音; consonance 和音; alliteration头韵; form of poetry诗歌形式; allusion典故; foot 音步; iamb抑扬格; trochee扬抑格; anapest抑抑扬格; dactyl扬抑抑格; pentameter五音步。