Signaling and the Black Hole Final State

关于冬捕的英语作文450字左右Ice Fishing on Lake Baikal: A Traditional Siberian Experience.Nestled in the heart of Siberia, Lake Baikal is the world's largest freshwater lake by volume, holding 23% of the world's unfrozen surface water. During the harsh Siberian winter, when temperatures plummet below -20 degrees Celsius, the lake's surface transforms into a vast expanse of ice, providing a unique opportunity for a traditional fishing method known as "podledny lov."Ice fishing is an ancient practice that has been passed down through generations of Siberian communities. For local fishermen, it is not merely a way to catch fish but an integral part of their cultural heritage. The preparation begins months before the lake freezes, as they meticulously craft their gear.One essential tool is the "bur," a large auger used todrill holes through the ice. Once the hole is made, the fisherman lowers a line attached to a hook baited with live or dead fish, known as "mormyshka." The depth and location of the hole are crucial, as different species of fish prefer specific habitats.As the fisherman sits patiently on a stool or overturned bucket, they keep a close eye on the line. When a fish bites, the line begins to move, and the fisherman quickly jerks it upwards. The ice hole provides a direct view of the catch, allowing for immediate retrieval.Ice fishing on Lake Baikal is not for the faint of heart. The extreme cold can be relentless, and the wind can whip across the ice with unforgiving force. However, the thrill of landing a prized catch is well worth the discomfort. The most sought-after species include Baikal omul, a migratory fish renowned for its delicate flavor, and Baikal sculpin, a small but abundant fish rich in Omega-3 fatty acids.Throughout the winter, ice fishing villages spring upon the lake's frozen surface, where fishermen gather to share stories, trade tips, and enjoy the camaraderie of fellow anglers. These villages are often a hub of activity, complete with heated tents, food stalls, and ice bars serving local delicacies.Ice fishing on Lake Baikal is not only a recreational activity but also an important economic endeavor. Local fishermen rely on their catch to supplement their income and provide food for their families. The sale of fish and fish products generates substantial revenue for the region.As the winter season draws to a close and temperatures begin to rise, the ice on Lake Baikal gradually thaws, signaling the end of the ice fishing season. The fishermen pack up their gear and bid farewell to the frozen depths, eager to return the following year for another unforgettable experience.Ice fishing on Lake Baikal is a testament to the resilience and ingenuity of the Siberian people. It is a tradition that has been passed down through centuries,connecting generations with the lake's bounty and the unforgiving beauty of the Siberian wilderness.。

经典Kerr黑洞和量子Kerr黑洞系统的微正则系综理论描述与统计“自举”条件第54卷第11期2005年11月1000—3290/2005/54(11)/5504—07物理ACTAPHYSICASINICAV oI.54,N0U,November,2005⑥2005Chin.Phys.Soc.经典Kerr黑洞和量子Kerr黑洞系统的微正则系综理论描述与统计"自举"条件*王丽萍朱建阳"(阜阳师范学院物理系,阜阳236041)(北京师范大学物理系,jb京100875)(2oo5年1月6日收到;2005年4月27日收到修改稿)分别从Krr黑洞的经典谱和量子谱出发,建立了一个居于微正则系综理论描述的系统态密度的不等式,并由此证明了K.rr黑洞满足统计"自~:(bootstrap)"条件.其主要结论是对于由大量Kerr 黑洞组成的体系,在高能极限下,最可能的构型是一个黑洞将获得系统所有的质量和全部的角动量,而且转动不会破坏黑洞的"自举"性质.关键词:Kerr黑洞,统计"自举"问题PACC:9760L,0420C1.引言自从Bekenstein…和Hawking}-的开创性工作之后,黑洞热力学和黑洞统计力学已成为黑洞物理中最受人关注的研究领域.我们知道,热现象的本质是温度和由温度所导致的热辐射,黑洞的热辐射是Hawking在1974年的重要理论发现并且经过不同研究者利用不同方法进行了理论验证.由于辐射,黑洞视界面上入射的纯态演化为出射的具有热粒子的混合态(热态),在此情况下,量子相干性将会在黑洞的衰变中丢失,量子力学的么正性原理也将会被违背_1.试图解决这个问题的方法之一是考虑"量子毛发(quantumhair)" 效应.也就是说,由引力塌缩而形成的黑洞除了像黑洞"无毛定理(nohairtheorem)"所表述的包含质量,角动量和电荷少量的信息外,还应有一系列的微观态,其态密度n(E)的对数即为黑洞的熵㈠."量子毛发"效应能显着且定量地影响着黑洞的热力学行为,而且我们期望黑洞能够包含大量的"量子毛发",以产生足够大的影响来恢复量子相干性.另外, t'Hooft_】提出,黑洞的行为就好像是一些特殊模式的"弦",所以,在某种意义上,黑洞可以被认为是由"弦"组成的.由于"弦"携带了大量的激发态,在那里,许多的"量子毛发"就可以恢复量子相干性.据我们所知,微正则系综理论描述中的统计"自举"条件对于某种"弦"来说是满足的¨,即有一1,当E一∞时,(1)\其中l'2(E)是微正则系综的态密度,{0(E)为"弦"态的简并度.如果黑洞真的能够被认为是由"弦"组成, 那么考察黑洞系统是否遵守"自举"条件将是件很有意义的事情.受粒子物理早期的"强子"模型..的启发,Hams与Leblanc_j把黑洞看作由大量其他黑洞组成的复合物,提出了黑洞的统计力学描述.这种统计力学描述,对处理现今的黑洞"熵"的问题,有着一定的意义.最近,Huang_2在Hams和Leblanc~18.19进行的研究的基础上,分别研究了由球对称的Sehwarzschild黑洞和Reisser—Nordstom带电黑洞所构成的微正则体系的统计"自举"问题.在Huang的研究中,微观态的简并度取为pocexp(S),S:A/4,(2)其中S为Bekenstein—Hawking熵,A为视界面积,分别考虑了A具有经典谱和量子谱的两种情况.其结果是,这种球对称黑洞体系的最可能的构型是,一个黑洞将获得系统所有的质量和全部的电荷,而且带电不会破坏黑洞的"自举"性质.国家自然科学基金(批准号:10375008)和国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划,批准号2003CB71630)资助的课题E-mail:zh~*********.cn11期王丽萍等:经典Kerr黑洞和量子Kerr黑洞系统的微正则系综理论描述与统计"自举"条件5505作为以上情况的进一步的扩展,我们有兴趣对转动黑洞进行研究.在经典和量子情况下,转动黑洞体系是否也满足"自举"条件?本文考虑具有轴对称的Kerr黑洞,对于由大量Kerr黑洞所组成的理想体系,我们将建立一个有用的微正则态密度的不等式,并用它来证明,在高能极限下Kerr黑洞体系的最稳定的结构模式是一个黑洞将获得全部的能量和所有的转动.也就是说考虑到黑洞的转动后,转动因子依然不会破坏黑洞的"自举"条件.2.具有连续谱(经典情况)的Kerr黑洞体系的微正则系综理论描述Kerr黑洞是不带电但具有转动的黑洞,在经典情况下,视界面积具有连续谱(自然单位矗:.:G =1)A(m,J)=8丌(m.+,//m一.,),(3)m是黑洞的质量,.,为转动角动量.如果体系是由大量无相互作用的Kerr黑洞所组成的,则体系总的态密度为,,22 (E,,.,)=∑^,(E,,.,).(4)其中(E,,.,)正是具有确定的粒子数(一个黑洞作为一个粒子)N,确定的能量E(含角动量.,)和确定的体积的微正则系综的态密度,可表示为√弭j=ndr用2∞×l'dJID(m,J)ldP;而If巨iN^×:dJID(.,)(E一∑×(.,一∑.,).(8)我们现在来分析微正则态密度(8)式,当N:1 时,有E.,)=exp[2枷+四.(9)当N=2时,有=【m:.:.,×l2dJ(E+,)×l(+√—)g,2dJ2exp[2~(EEJ+(E+√E一J))]×(E—El—E2)×(.,一.,.一)).(10)由于E=E.+E以及J=J.+.,,我们有下列不等式关系:(+)+(鹾+,)=E+E+(E—J)+(E;一J;)+2E,/+2E22,<E+E+(E一J)+2E,/—2E;~/E一J,(11)其中,我们考虑了以下两个不等式(见附录A,B) 叫ci,EJ+EJ<<EJ.13,/—+√:一;<~/一.()×(.,一∑.,),(5)由附录C和D,我们知道有不等式其中m.为黑洞的最轻的质量,lD(m,.,)为该体系的微观态的简并度lD(m,J)=Cexp(A(m,.,)/4):Cexp[2~r(/722+7)】.(6)我们假设黑洞符合色散关系,m=E一P,因此有ID(,n,J)=C?exp{2丌[E:一P:+√(E;一P;)一J;].}.(7)由于在高能态下,(5)式中动量积分可以忽略18,193. 于是,(5)式变为Ⅳ重高斯积分,即』d.,.』dexp(一4E;～厂啊)(.,一.,.一)E2≤ldJexp(一4丌(.,一J.)√一)≤H(J),(14)J0和不等式ldE.ldEexp(2~(E+E:))(E—E.一E)mOm0<ldEexp(2(+(E—E)))<e2G(E)(15)成立,其中(J)ldJexp(一4丌(.,一J)~/J一J)<h.J05506物理54卷0.195,(16)G(EEj'dexp{4丌E?[(一)一】)<1一p(.丢)】<g.一0.621.(17)对函数G(E)的简单的分析和计算发现,函数G(E)在自变量E为[0,0.801]的区间内是增函数,其函数值从0增加到最大值g.0.621;当E继续增大时,G减小并趋于4/uE.将(11)式的结果代入(10)式,并考虑(15),(16)不等式,可以得到N=2时,体系的态密度满足<丢【】exp[2rr(E+~/E一.,)]?4h?G(E).(18)从(18)式可以看出,对于由具有连续谱的Kerr黑洞组成的具有确定能量和体积的系统中,两个黑洞组成的微正则系综的态密度总小于一个黑洞的微正则系综态密度与能量依赖的函数G(E)的乘积.由于G(E)总小于1的,并且随能量的增加而趋于0,我们总可以找到一个能量E,使得当体系的能量大于E时,一个黑洞的微正则系综态密度总大于两个黑洞的微正则系综的态密度.下面我们将证明在高能条件下,具有连续谱的(N一1)个黑洞的微正则系综的态密度总大于Ⅳ个黑洞的微正则系综的态密度,进而证明,在由Kerr黑洞组成的确定能量和体积的体系中,1个黑洞所具有的微正则态密度大于2个到无穷个黑洞的微正则系综的态密度之和. 当N>2时,有<[】E.?×j'dEj'd.,j';d.,:…j'd.,×exp[2rr(E+√E—)+…+(E+√E一)]×(E一∑E)×(.,一∑.,)}.(19)多次运用(12)和(13)式,可得(E+,/E一+(E+√E:一)+…+(E+√E一)<∑E+(E一J)+2E~/E一J一2∑E:一2∑E:一…一2√E4一.一一.∑E:,(20)将(20)式代入(19)式,对角动量部分积分,有j'×exp【一4丌(∑E一…一-=_∑E)】×(.,一∑.,.)<222..×exp[一4丌(∑一…一∑)]×(.,一∑:2fdJ,exp[一4丌(.,一]×fd.,2exp[一4丌～厂(.,一J2)]×…dJexp[一4rr√E一一一(J—J)]<2(h0)～,(21)对能量部分积分,有IdE.IdE…IdJ×exp(2兀∑E)(E一∑E.)<d.j''dEI『一1一一Ⅳ～d一.×exp{2n[∑E+(E一∑Ei)])<fdE,f一dE…fE-EI-"'"-EN_2dE一.J0J0Jo…pH()一2Ⅳ×11期王丽萍等:经典Kerr黑洞和量子Kerr黑洞系统的微正则系综理论描述与统计"自举"条件一2(E一∑Ei)i=l<e2(g0)?411一exp(一1)].(22)所以,(19)式可以表示为<(×expE27r(E+~/E一J)](g.h.)-2×{4～11一exp(一1丌E)]).(23)重复以上的推导,可以得到(E,V,J)<expE27r(E+~/E一J)]×(?【(1I4)]…p(g).,×pl.凡.J'L24因此,在高能极限下,即[327,r2(hogo)-2exp(2CVgoho(25)时,有不等式.(E,V,J)>(E,V,J)(26)成立.所以,Kerr黑洞系统的总的态密度可近似写成(E,V,J),(E,V,J)=exp(E+~/E一J)].(27)(27)式说明,对于由大量的具有连续谱的Kerr黑洞组成的体系,在高能极限下,系统总的态密度可以用一个黑洞的态密度来近似表示.这也表明了,由连续谱的Kerr黑洞所组成的,具有确定能量和体积的系统的最可能的结构模式是N=1,即一个Kerr黑洞获得系统的几乎全部的质量和所有的转动角动量,"自举"条件被遵守.以上我们证明了,在连续谱下,Kerr黑洞的转动不会破坏"自举"条件.下面将讨论具有分立谱的Kerr黑洞,看其是否也满足"自举"条件?3.具有分立谱(量子情况)的Kerr黑洞体系的微正则系综理论描述将Kerr黑洞的视界量子化.,面积谱可以写成A(n,m)=8丌(n+m+),n,m=0,,2,…,(28)n和m分别表征黑洞的质量和转动的量子数.其中,转动量子数m与转动算符.,的关系是=hm.所以,微观态的简并度为p(n,Z):Ce～.(29)体系的总的态密度可以写成(E,,.,)=∑(E,,.,),(30)其中.N∞(E,,.,)=Ⅱ∑∑lD(m)…i=ln=l/n=l NⅣ×(E,∑)?(.,,∑m).∞珥ce"l～l×(E,∑)I=lⅣ×(.,,∑m).i=l当N=1时,.(E,V,J):Ce..当N=2时,n,I∞2(E,,.,)=∑∑∑∑(31)(32)×exp[2~r(nl+ml+n2+m2)]×a(E,+)?a(J,m+m:):.K(E),(33)e'AL,',',其中,我们定义(E一1)2K(E)=∑exp[4,r?(n.一E,/aT,)].(34)=l简单的计算发现,K(E)是一个关于自变量E的锐减函数.例如K(2)10～,K(6)10,K(12)10～.由于能量依赖的函数K(E)总小于1,且随着能量的增大趋于零,因此,在高能情况下,对于分离一.∑,I●_J,●,),E一2一2-,,l●I\..,,...\一5508物理54卷谱的Kerr黑洞,总可以证明两个黑洞组成的微正则系综的态密度小于一个黑洞的微正则态密度.4.结论当N>2时,n(E,V,J)=丽1Ⅱ∑∑cexp[2兀(n+m)]'JnIJmlNN×(E,∑)(.,,∑m)='秘×(一一∑)×∑exp(2~n)一11×exp[2~(E一一一…一)] Ⅳ(E一1)'=e2¨∑exp[4兀(n一E)]''' n=1(一)×∑exp/4~[n:一(E一)]}n2I (一一∑)×…×∑exp/4~[.一(E一一…一)]}<exp[2兀(.,+]?(E)I<exp[2兀(.,+]?((35)所以壹Nnc,<cE,(++…+)=2E,V,Je2n(J+Ez)<(E)(e一1)eEL). (36)由于(E)是E的锐减函数且小于1,只要系统的能量足够大,总可以得到∑n(E,,.,)<n(E,,.,).(37)于是,Kerr黑洞体系的总的态密度可以近似为n(E,,.,)n(E,,.,):Ce'.(38)因此,对于量子化形式的Kerr黑洞组成的具有确定体积和能量的黑洞体系,只要系统的能量足够大,其最有可能的结构模式仍是N=1,这意味着一个黑洞将获得体系的几乎全部的质量和所有的转动,"自举"条件仍然被遵守.本文运用黑洞的微正则系综理论,讨论了具有连续谱和量子谱的Kerrr黑洞的统计性质.结果表明,Kerr黑洞也满足"自举"条件,转动并不破坏黑洞的"自举"性质.在文中,我们建立了的Ⅳ个Kerr黑洞组成的微正则系综态密度的不等式,并依据定义的一个能量E依赖的中间函数(这个中间函数恒小于1,且在高能区域,函数值趋于零),来证明Ⅳ+1 个黑洞组成的微正则系综的态密度总是小于Ⅳ个黑洞的态密度.一旦这个函数关系建立起来,重复使用这个关系式,就可以得到,在高能极限下,由大量Kerr黑洞组成的具有确定能量和体积的系统的总的态密度可以用一个Kerr黑洞的态密度来近似表示. 这就意味着,在高能极限下,体系的最可能的结构模式是N=1,一个Kerr黑洞获得体系几乎全部的质量和所有的角动量,"自举"条件被满足.附录A如上图,令∞=E{,cd:E;,ab=J1,ce=J2,则(Ej—J)+(E:一J;)i(Ⅱc一ab)+(cd一ce)=cb+de<(cb+de).=d7=ad一尸<(ac+ca)一(ab+by)=(E+E;)一J<E一,.(A1)附录B,+两;v/-—二_+,,■:cb+de=+de=df=v/ad一c■:~/广研<E一J.(B1)王丽萍等:经典Kerr黑洞和量子Kerr黑洞系统的微正则系综理论描述与统计"自举"条件5509附录C由于Ei≥J2,所以dJl』dJ2exp(-4hEi,厕c,一,.一,:≤唧㈦川.rE.r——--——————-一=ldJ.exp[一4Ⅱ(J—JL)√E—J}],当J≥E时,则r￡.,..—.........—-一ldJ.exp[一4Ⅱ(J—J1)~/E—J}]r.,———---————--一≤ldJ.exp[一4Ⅱ(E}一J1)√E一J];(E}).当J≤E}时,由于J2=J—J1>0,可以把,.的积分区间限制在[0,J],则一ldJlexp[一4Ⅱ(J—J.)~/E—J]≤≤exp[一4Ⅱ(J—J.)～/]exp[一4(J—J.)～/]=H(J).因此,有不等式fdJ.fdJ:.p(一47rEjv/)JoJo×(J—Jl—J2)≤(J)(C1)成立.对函数(J)简单的分析和计算表明,函数(J)在自变量J为[0,0.358]的区间内是增函数,函数值将从0增加到最大值h0—0.195;之后,随J的增加而减小.7]8]9]10[11][123附录DldEIldE2exp[2(E+E2)]8(H—E1一E2)JoJo'j.dElj.dE2ep[2Ⅱ(E+E2)]8(一El—E2)j.dElexp[2Ⅱ(E+(E—E1))]J.Edep[2丌E(+(1一z))]:.2Efdxexp[4E(4—23+32—2)],J0由于在【0,1J区间内,有不等式一2+3一2((一1/2)一1/16成立.所以ldE.1dE2exp[2Ⅱ(E+Ei)](H—El—E2)J0J0(e2￡2Efdxexpt4ⅡE[(一1/2)一1/16]},其中我们定义ccE一1.x{[(一÷)一击】):2E.÷dy.p(4ⅡE*y4)<2E.一{f"dy.p(ⅡE4y/2)J0={…x(一÷)).因此IdE.IdE2exp[2n(E+E)]J00×8(E—E一E2)<e2nE4C(E).(D1)对函数G(E)进行简单的分析和计算,容易得到函数G(E)在[0,0.801]区间是增函数,对应的函数值G从0增加到最大值g0 0.621:当E继续增大时,G趋于4,E.BekensteinJD1973P^.Rev.D13191HawkingSW1974Nature2档30HawkingSW1975Commun.Phys.43199HawkingSW1976P^.Rev.D13191HawkingSW1976Phys.Rev.D14246OPreskillJ,SehwarzP,ShapereA,rediSandWilezekF1991Mon.Phys.Lett.A62353ColemanS.PreskillJandWilczekF1992Nuc1.Phys.B378175 KraussLMandWilczekF1989Phys.Rev.Lett.621221 ColemanS,SchwarzJandWilczekF1992Nuc1.Rev.B378175 WanLFandZhuJY1999Acta.Sin.(OverseasEdition)8109LuoZJandZhuJY1999Acta".Sin.48935(inChinese)[罗志坚,朱建阳1999物理躺935]ZhaoZandZhuJY1999ActaPhys.n.481558(inChinese)[24][赵峥,朱建阳1999物理481558]'tHoofiG1990Nuc1.Phys.B335138BowickMandWijiwardhanaL1985Phys.Rev.Lett.542485HagedomR1965NuovoCimentoSupp1.3147FrautschiS1971P^".Rev.D32821CarlitzRD1972Phys.Rev.D53231HaⅡIlsBandLeblancY1992P^".Rev.D462334HarnlsBandLeblancY1992P^".Rev.D472438ProlovVPandFursaevDV1998Class.QuantumGram.152041HuangWH2000P^.Rev.D6*******CasadioR,HarmsBandLeblaneY1998Phys.Rev.D571309BarvinskyA,DasSandKunstatterG2001Class.Qua,u.Gray.184845GourGandMedvedAJM2003Class.Quaat.Gray.2,02261M"墟加●2345655l0物理54卷MicrocanonicaIstatistics0fKerrblackholesandthebootstrapcondition*WangLi.Ping)ZhuJian—Y ang2)"(DepartmentofPhysics,FuyangNormalCollege,F236041,China) (DepartmentofPhysics,BeijingNormalUniversity,Beijing100875,Ch/na) (Received6J~uary2005;revisedmanuscriptreceived27April2005)Abstract ThemicrocanonicalstatisticsoftheKerrblackholesisanalyzed.Wehavesetupaninequalityi nthemicrocanonicaldensity forbothcontinuousspectrumanddiscretespectrum,andhaveverifiedthatKerrblackholesob eythestatisticalbootstrapcondition.ItisthenusedtoshowthatthemostprobableconfigurationinthegasesofKerrblack holesisthatoneblackholeacquiresa1lofthemassandalloftherotationatthehigh—energylimit,SOrotationdoesnotbreakthebootstrapproperty.Keywords:Kerrblackholes,statisticalbootstrapproblemPACC:9760L,0420C ProjectsupportedbytheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChina(GrantNo.10375008 )andTheNationalKeyProgramofBasicResearchDevelopmentinChina(GrantNo.2003CB71630).。

Applications 创新应用集成电路应用 第 39 卷 第 4 期（总第 343 期）2022 年 4 月 69们认为奇点是密度无穷大的一个点，在这个点附近一切物理定律都无法使用，这与我们目前已知的情况格格不入，即是说明我们目前已知的物理规律、量子力学、场论等等一切物理规律都是无效的在奇点附近。

为了保证已知的物理定律的真实性和有效性，1969年彭罗斯从类时测地线受到启发提出了弱宇宙审查猜想来保证物理规律可行性，他的猜想表明黑洞坍塌诞生的奇点应该被黑洞视界包着，视界在奇点的外围，奇点被视界隐藏在后面，远处的研究人员不能通过任何方法无法得到奇点附近的任何信息。

由于对于奇点附近的问题一直得不到解决，而人们又急需一种理论来说明这种情况，于是很多学者开始赞同彭罗斯宇宙审查猜想，用事件视界来隔离奇点内外情况，用事件视界作为边界，视界内部是奇点所在时空，外界对其不会有任何影响，视界外部的一切也不会影响到视界内部，虽然这种说法能暂时将奇点问题屏蔽，但是其说法很难得到广大科学家认同。

自从彭罗斯最初的研究结果以来，弱宇宙审查猜想(WCCC)一直是黑洞的一个有趣的研0 引言拉普拉斯（Laplace）和米谢尔（Michelle）通过对天体研究发现，存在一类天体其第二宇宙速度超过光速，我们无法观测到它，因为一切靠近它的物质包括光都会被其巨大的引力拖拽，人们把这种天体称为暗星[1]。

1 研究背景100多年后爱因斯坦在1915年提出相对论，他认为质量的存在会影响周围的时空，使周围时空发生弯曲，如果一个天体质量足够大，其产生的弯曲曲率能使光线都发生偏折，并向中心天体靠近，那么光进入之后就无法出来，之后史瓦西通过对场方程求解得到了一个真空球对称解——史瓦西解，美国科学家惠勒将这种天体现象称为黑洞（BH）。

之后人们对黑洞性质，及其满足的物理规律都有极大兴趣，在1960～1970年代，霍金和彭罗斯对黑洞的形成进行研究，他们发现只有相对论有效，满足因果性，黑洞内部就一定是奇异的。

关于英语考试没及格被英语老师批评的作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Disappointing English Exam and the Harsh Criticism That FollowedAs I walked into Mr. Johnson's English class last Thursday, my stomach was in knots. We were getting our midterm exam results back that day, and I had a sinking feeling that mine would not be good. English has never been my strongest subject, and I struggled to prepare for this test despite studying hard. When Mr. Johnson passed my exam back to me, my fears were confirmed - I had failed, with a score of just 62%.I felt my face flush with embarrassment as I looked at the red ink scrawled across my test pages. Comments like "incorrect grammar," "failed to follow instructions," and "lacks supporting details" jumped out at me. I had really bombed this exam. As the highest scorer read their perfect score aloud, I shrank down in my seat, wishing I could disappear.When the bell rang for class to end, I reluctantly remained in my seat as Mr. Johnson requested to speak with me. As the otherstudents filed out, I could feel his disappointed gaze burning a hole right through me. When the room had cleared out, he waved me up to his desk with a solemn expression."Michael, I must say I'm very disappointed by your performance on this midterm exam," Mr. Johnson began, removing his glasses and rubbing the bridge of his nose. "Your score is simply unacceptable. I expected much more from you."I opened my mouth to attempt an excuse about how hard I studied, but he held up a hand to stop me. "I don't want to hear any excuses. The facts are you failed to demonstrate a proper understanding of the material we have been covering this semester. Your grammar skills are subpar, your writing lacks clarity and organization, and your analysis was surface-level at best."Each criticism felt like a punch to the gut. I had worked so hard, but clearly it wasn't enough. My eyes began to well up with tears from the humiliation and frustration.Mr. Johnson's expression softened slightly as he noticed my crestfallen reaction. "Look, Michael, I know English can be a struggle for you, but you cannot afford to mail it in like this. Your junior year grades are critical for getting into a good university, and you simply must do better."He paused, perhaps waiting for me to argue or make an excuse, but I simply nodded meekly in acceptance of his scolding. He was right - my performance was indefensible."However," he continued, "I don't want you to get too discouraged. You have time to turn things around and improve, but it will require a lot of hard work and dedication from you."Mr. Johnson pulled out a paper from a drawer in his desk. "I've put together a list of areas you need to focus on improving. Grammar exercises, expanding your vocabulary, practicing writing clear and organized analysis - the keys to success are all here. I also recommend either getting a tutor or making an appointment with me once a week so I can provide some individualized guidance."I accepted the list gratefully, relieved that despite his harsh criticism, he was willing to help me get back on track. Maybe I could salvage my grade after all."Thank you, Mr. Johnson," I replied hoarsely. "I really appreciate you taking the time to go over this with me. I know I can't afford many more failures like this one. I promise I'll work harder than ever on improving my English skills."He gave me an approving nod. "That's what I want to hear. You're a bright student, Michael, you just need to apply yourself fully. If you put in the effort, I have no doubt you can raise your performance. But it will require a lot of discipline and hard work - no more halfhearted efforts."I thanked him once more, then turned and left the classroom, equal parts embarrassed and motivated. As I headed to my next class, I looked down at the list of areas for improvement, filled with notes in Mr. Johnson's scrawl. This exam may have been a harsh wake-up call, but at least now I had a clear path forward to getting my English skills up to par.Over the next few weeks, I followed Mr. Johnson's recommendations diligently. I completed grammar exercise after grammar exercise, diagramming sentences and drilling verb tense rules into my head. I made study flashcards to build my vocabulary, going over hundreds of new words each week. And most importantly, I worked tirelessly on improving my writing analysis through practice essays and meeting with Mr. Johnson for feedback.Bit by bit, I could feel myself improving. Putting together clear, well-structured essays became easier, and I was catchingmore of my own grammatical errors. My hard work was paying off.Finally, about a month after my disastrous midterm, we had our next major exam in Mr. Johnson's class. As he passed the tests back out, my heart pounded in my chest. Had all my effort been enough to redeem myself?When I received my test booklet, I couldn't believe my eyes - I had scored an 88%, a high B! My mouth dropped open as I looked over Mr. Johnson's comments, which were now praising my "great improvement" and "clear, analytical writing." All of those late nights and study sessions had paid off in a huge way.After class, Mr. Johnson asked me to stay back again. But this time, the mood was entirely different. He actually smiled at me as I approached his desk."Michael, I'm extremely impressed by your performance on this latest exam. Your writing, analysis, vocabulary - everything has shown remarkable improvement in a short period of time. You should be very proud of the effort you put into addressing your weaknesses head-on."I beamed with pride at his commendation, hardly believing this was the same teacher who had so harshly criticized me just a few weeks prior."Thank you, Mr. Johnson. I really took your feedback to heart after the midterm. I've been working harder than I ever have in order to improve."He nodded approvingly. "It shows. Keep this same level of dedication and discipline, and you'll be well on your way to mastering English skills. I have no doubt you can keep raising your performance even higher."As I left the classroom that day, I felt like a weight had been lifted off my shoulders. The sting of my midterm failure was erased, replaced by a sense of pride and accomplishment. Mr. Johnson's criticism turned out to be just the wake-up call I needed to raise my English game. With a lot of hard work, I overcame my weaknesses and got back on track.Moving forward, I knew there would still be challenges ahead. But that motivating scolding showed me that with perseverance and dedication, I could conquer any academic obstacle in my way. Thanks to a teacher who pushed me when I needed it most, I rediscovered my self-belief and determination.From that humbling low point, I became a better, more committed student - a lesson I'll carry with me for life.篇2An Unfortunate Encounter with Ms. JohnsonThe fluorescent lights in the English classroom seemed to burn brighter than usual as I took my seat, my palms already sweating in anticipation. Ms. Johnson, her face stern as ever, began passing back our graded final exams from the previous week. One by one, she called out names and handed back the tests, each student's expression revealing whether the results were cause for celebration or anguish.When my name was called, a sinking feeling took hold in the pit of my stomach. I reached out with a trembling hand to accept the exam, already knowing deep down that the outcome would not be favorable. As my eyes landed on the large red "D" scrawled at the top of the first page, my heart sank. A failing grade – the first I had ever received in Ms. Johnson's class."Kevin, I'd like to see you after class," she stated flatly, her voice devoid of any warmth or understanding. I nodded meekly, feeling the weight of impending judgement and disappointment. The rest of the period seemed to crawl by at an agonizing paceas I mentally prepared myself for the inevitable tongue-lashing from my usually strict but fair English teacher.Finally, the bell rang, signaling both the end of class and the beginning of my personal reckoning. As the other students hurriedly gathered their belongings and rushed out into the hall, I slowly made my way towards Ms. Johnson's desk, clutching my failed exam like a wounded soldier clutching a bloodied bandage."Have a seat, Kevin," Ms. Johnson instructed, not bothering to look up from the stack of papers she was organizing. I obliged, perching myself on the very edge of the chair directly across from her. An uneasy silence hung in the air, thick with tension and unrealized potential.At last, she met my gaze, her icy blue eyes boring into me with an intensity that made me want to shrink away. "I have to admit, I'm quite disappointed in your performance on this exam," she began, her tone clipped and accusatory. "You've shown such promise in this class throughout the year, and to see you fail so miserably on something this important is...well, it's unacceptable."I opened my mouth to respond, to offer some meager excuse or justification, but she swiftly cut me off with a raisedhand. "I don't want to hear any excuses, Kevin. The simple fact is that you didn't put in the effort required to succeed. You slacked off, got lazy, and let yourself down in the process."Her words felt like physical blows, each one landing with the force of a prizefighter's punch. I knew, deep down, that she was right – I had indeed grown complacent and overconfident, convinced that I could coast by on my natural abilities rather than dedicating myself fully to the task at hand. But to hear it put so bluntly, with such scathing criticism and disappointment, was almost too much to bear."Do you have any idea how this is going to look on your transcript?" Ms. Johnson continued, her voice rising ever so slightly. "A failing grade in a core subject like English? It's going to raise all sorts of red flags for any colleges or universities you apply to down the line. They'll see it as a lack of commitment, a deficiency in one of the most fundamental areas of academic achievement."I could feel my face flushing with shame and embarrassment as she laid out the potential ramifications of my failure. The visions of bright futures and prestigious universities that had once danced in my head began to fade and distort, replaced by images of rejection letters and closed doors."I expected so much more from you, Kevin," Ms. Johnson said, her tone becoming almost mournful. "You have such incredible potential, such a gift for language and self-expression. But that potential means nothing if you don't have the discipline and dedication to back it up."She paused then, letting her words hang in the air like a thick fog. I found myself unable to meet her penetrating gaze, instead fixing my eyes on a spot on the desktop in front of me. The silence stretched on, becoming almost suffocating in its weight.Finally, after what felt like an eternity, Ms. Johnson spoke again, her voice softer now, tinged with something akin to regret. "I know I come across as harsh sometimes, Kevin. But I only push my students so hard because I believe in them, because I see their potential and want nothing more than for them to realize it fully."She leaned back in her chair, exhaling a long, weary sigh."I'm not going to sugar-coat this – your performance on this exam was abysmal, and it's going to require a lot of hard work and determination to pull your grade up to a passing level. But I know you have it in you. I've seen you produce truly exceptional work in the past."A glimmer of hope began to flicker within me as she spoke those words. Perhaps all was not lost. Perhaps, with the proper focus and effort, I could still salvage this situation and prove my worth, both to Ms. Johnson and to myself."What I need from you now, Kevin, is a commitment," she continued, her voice taking on a firm, resolute tone once more. "A commitment to putting in the time and effort required to truly master this material. No more coasting, no more skating by on natural talent alone. I want to see you in here during lunch periods and after school, working your tail off to make up for this lapse."I nodded, feeling a newfound sense of determination welling up inside me. "You have my word, Ms. Johnson. I'll do whatever it takes to get back on track and prove that I'm capable of greatness in this class."A small, almost imperceptible smile tugged at the corners of her mouth. "That's what I like to hear," she said. "I haven't given up on you yet, Kevin. But the ball is in your court now. It's up to you to take this opportunity and run with it."As I rose from my seat and made my way towards the door, exam in hand, I couldn't help but feel a profound sense of gratitude towards Ms. Johnson. Her harsh words had stung, hercriticism hitting me like a bucket of ice water to the face. But in that moment, I realized that her admonishments came from a place of genuine care and belief in my abilities.She saw something in me that I had temporarily lost sight of – a spark of brilliance, a natural affinity for the intricacies of language and expression. And while her methods were undoubtedly tough, bordering on brutal at times, I knew that she only pushed me so relentlessly because she wanted to see me succeed, to reach my full potential as a student and as a human being.As I left the classroom, my mind was already whirring with plans and strategies, a renewed sense of purpose and determination driving me forward. This setback, as painful and humbling as it was, would not be the end. No, it would merely be a stepping stone, a catalyst for growth and self-improvement.And though the road ahead would undoubtedly be paved with long hours of study and practice, I found myself feeling strangely invigorated by the prospect. For in that moment, I had been reminded of the immense power of high expectations, of being held to a higher standard and pushed to rise to the occasion.Ms. Johnson's criticism, biting as it had been, was a gift – a wake-up call to stop coasting and start putting in the hard work required to truly excel. And while the sting of failure still lingered, it was tempered by the knowledge that someone believed in me, someone saw my potential and refused to let me squander it through complacency or laziness.As I strode down the hallway, head held high, I silently vowed to myself that I would not let Ms. Johnson down again. This would be the last time I allowed my own hubris and overconfidence to derail my academic journey. From that day forward, I would attack my studies with a renewed sense of vigor and discipline, fueled by the desire to prove my worth and live up to the high expectations that had been set for me.For in that moment, I had been afforded a rare and valuable glimpse into the harsh re篇3A Bitter Pill to SwallowAs I sat in Mrs. Henderson's English class, clutching the test paper in my sweaty palms, a sinking feeling engulfed me. The big, red "F" seemed to mockingly stare back at me, a harsh reminder of my failure. I could feel the weight of her disapproving gazeupon me, and the whispers of my classmates only added to the embarrassment that burned my cheeks."Michael, I expected better from you," Mrs. Henderson's voice cut through the silence like a knife. "You've always shown promise in English, but this performance is simply unacceptable."I wanted to disappear, to sink into the floor and escape the humiliation. But her words held me there, paralyzed, as she launched into a critique that felt like a personal attack."Your grammar is atrocious, your vocabulary choices are pedestrian, and your overall structure lacks coherence," she continued, each word a dagger to my already wounded pride. "I know you're capable of more than this, Michael. This laziness and lack of effort is disappointing."My heart raced as she dissected my work, pointing out every flaw, every mistake that I had foolishly overlooked. I wanted to defend myself, to explain the late nights spent agonizing over the material, the countless hours of studying that had seemingly amounted to nothing. But the words stuck in my throat, and all I could do was nod in resignation, accepting her criticisms like a penitent sinner.As the class ended, and my classmates filed out, I lingered behind, desperate for a chance to redeem myself in Mrs. Henderson's eyes. But she merely shook her head, her disappointment palpable."Michael, I know you can do better than this," she said, her voice softening ever so slightly. "But until you start taking your studies seriously, until you put in the effort required, you'll continue to struggle."Those words cut deep, challenging my perception of myself as a dedicated student. I had always prided myself on my work ethic, on my commitment to academic excellence. But in that moment, I felt like a fraud, a failure who had let down not only myself but also the teacher who had believed in me.As I walked home, the weight of Mrs. Henderson's criticism bore down on me, casting a shadow over my once-bright academic future. I replayed her words in my mind, each one a stinging rebuke that chipped away at my confidence.In the days that followed, I found myself doubting my abilities, questioning whether I truly had what it took to succeed in English. Mrs. Henderson's criticisms had struck a nerve, exposing insecurities that I had long tried to suppress.But as the initial sting of her words began to fade, a newfound determination took root within me. I refused to be defined by this single failure, this momentary lapse in judgement. Instead, I vowed to use Mrs. Henderson's criticism as a catalyst for growth, a wake-up call to push myself harder and strive for excellence.I pored over my notes, revisiting the concepts that had eluded me during the exam. I sought out additional resources, devouring grammar guides and vocabulary builders like a starving man at a feast. And most importantly, I committed myself to putting in the effort that Mrs. Henderson had rightfully demanded of me.As the next exam loomed, I could feel the weight of expectations pressing down on me. But this time, I was ready. I approached the test with a renewed sense of focus and determination, channeling the lessons I had learned from my previous failure.When the results were handed back, I held my breath, bracing myself for another disappointment. But as my eyes fell upon the letter grade, a smile spread across my face. There, in bold ink, was a shining "A," a testament to the hard work and perseverance that had carried me through.As I looked up, I caught Mrs. Henderson's eye, and in that moment, a silent understanding passed between us. She nodded, a hint of pride flickering across her features, acknowledging the growth and transformation that had taken place.In that instant, I realized that her criticism, though harsh, had been a gift – a wake-up call that had pushed me to reach my full potential. And while the sting of failure still lingered, it was overshadowed by a newfound sense of accomplishment and self-belief.From that day forward, I approached my studies with a renewed vigor, embracing the challenges that came my way and using them as opportunities for growth. Mrs. Henderson's criticism had been a bitter pill to swallow, but one that had ultimately made me a better student, a more resilient individual.And as I look back on that pivotal moment, I can't help but feel grateful for the tough love that Mrs. Henderson had shown me. Her unwavering standards and refusal to accept mediocrity had pushed me to rise above my limitations and embrace the pursuit of excellence.In the end, her criticism had been a catalyst for personal growth, a reminder that sometimes the harshest lessons are the ones that leave the most indelible mark. And while the journeyhad been painful, the rewards of perseverance and self-improvement made it all worthwhile.。

P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1 © 2000PAGE 1CHESHIRE, CT 203-699-3000 FAX 203-699-3365 (CUST. SERV .) 203-699-3078 (TECH. SERV.)Installation Instructions for 108 Series Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicating Lighting SystemDescriptionThe Edwards Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicating Lighting System is a unique audible-visual signaling device that combines three LED visual and eight audible signals in one compact housing.The Chameleon also features a multi-tone base module that contains eight tone options. The selected tones can be operated as independent signals or used in conjunction with any of the LED signals.All components of the Lighting System are UL listed subassemblies and cUL Listed. The enclosures are NEMA 3R, NEMA 4X and IP65 Rated. The unit has been tested by ODVA's authorized independent test lab and found to comply with ODVA conformance test software.The lens module contains a removable cover to allow for easy relamping. The lens module cover features a molded-in gasket for weather tight reliability.See Tables 1 and 2 for specification information.Device ProfileRevision1.00.irmware Revision1.00The DeviceNet interface is in the unit's base which interfaces between the network and the modules.The Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator is a slave device. It is a general purpose status indicator designed to indicate the status of a machine or process.Power to drive the LED light sources may be taken locally or from the DeviceNet Network. A standard open style 2 pin ************************************(max)**************(max).The unisolated physical layer contains DeviceNet required mis-wiring protection circuitry. A standard open style (un-sealed) 5 pin connector is used to connect the Status Indicator to the DeviceNet bus. The current draw from the bus is 0.12A.The Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator contains a preprogrammed microcontroller which implements the Group 2pre-defined Master/Slave Connection Set. This allows for one Explicit Messaging Connection and one Poll Connection.The objects (classes) supported are described in the next section. The Chameleon Status Indicator resets automatically when DeviceNet power is applied.1.0Object Model1.1Object present in the base:OBJECT Optional/Required# of InstancesIdentity (1)Required 1Message Router (2)Required 1Devicenet (3)Required 1Assembly (4)Required 1Connection (5)Required11.2Object that Effect Behavior:OBJECT Effect on BehaviorIdentity (1)Supports the reset service Message Router (2)No effectDevicenet (3)Configures port attributes Assembly (4)I/O assembly for lampsConnection (5)Establishes the number of connections1.3Object Interfaces:OBJECT Effect on BehaviorIdentity (1)Message routerMessage Router (2)Explicit message connection instanceDevicenet (3)Message routerAssembly (4)I/O connection or message routerConnection (5)Message router1.4Identification of I/O Assembly Interfaces:Instance Number Type Name1Input/Output LEDs ON/O.., LED diagnostics, and sounder control1.5.ormat of I/O Assembly data Attribute:Input to the DeviceNet bus as a response to the poll command from master node.Data Byte 0 value indicates the LEDs are OK or are burned out.Data Byte 1 value indicates the LEDs were on or off when last poll command was received.Data Byte 2 value indicates the current sounder module control value.BYTE BIT7BIT6BIT5BIT4BIT3BIT2BIT1BIT00DON'T DON'T DON'T DON'T DON'T LED 3LED 2LED 1 CARE CARE CARE CARE CARE 1 = REP 1 = REP 1 = REP0 = OK0 = OK0 = OK 1DON'T DON'T DON'T DON'T DON'T LED 3LED 2LED 1 CARE CARE CARE CARE CARE 1 = ON 1 = ON 1 = ON0 = O..0 = O..0 = O.. 20000Sounder Tone Tone Tone1 = ON MSB LSB0 = O..P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 2P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 3BYTE BIT7BIT6BIT5BIT4BIT3BIT2BIT1BIT00DON'T DON'T DON'T DON'T DON'T LED 3LED 2LED 1CARE CARE CARE CARE CARE 1 = ON 1 = ON 1 = ON 0 = O..0 = O..0 = O..11DON'T DON'T LED 3LED 2LED 145CARE CARE 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH .PM 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 1010DON'T DON'T LED 3LED 2LED 160CARE CARE 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH .PM 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 11DON'T DON'T DON'T DON'T LED 3LED 2LED 180CARE CARE CARE CARE 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH .PM 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 1DON'T DON'T LED 3LED 2LED 180 .PM 80 .PM 80 .PM CARE CARE 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH 1 = .LSH DE.LT DE.LT DE.LT 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 0 = STDY 2Sounder Tone ToneTone 1 = ON MSBLSB0 = O..Output to the base with the poll command from master node.Data Byte 0 value indicates the LEDs to be turned ON or O...Data Byte 1 value indicates the ON LEDs to be Steady ON or .lashing and the .lashing rate (45, 60 or 80 flashes per minute) selected.Data Byte 2 value indicates the sounder to be turned ON or O.. and the tone to be chosen.2.0Standard Objects.2.1Identity Object (Class ID = 1).There is a single instance of the identity object for the Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator. No class attributes are supported. All of the instance attributes are contained in rom and are gettable but not settable. The table below shows the values.ATTRIBUTEACCESS DATA ID RULES NAME TYPE VALUE 1Get Vendor Code Uint 0x201 (513)2Get Product Type Uint 0x00003Get Product Code Uint 0x00014Get Revision Word 01.015Get Status UDINT 0x00006Get Serial #Uint UNIQUE SERIAL #7GetProduct Name STRUCT102Identity Object Services:SERVICESERVICE CODEPARAMETERS Get Attribute Single 0x0E Attribute IDReset0x050, 1P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 4DeviceNet Object Class Services:SERVICESERVICE CODEPARAMETERS Get Attribute Single0x0EAttribute IDATTRIBUTEACCESS DAT A ID RULES NAME TYPE VALUE 1Get Macid Uint Dipswitch 2Get Baud rate USINT Dipswitch3Get BOIBOOL 0x01 Auto-Reset 0x00 Hold 4Get/Set Bus off counter USINT 0x00 (Set) Value (Get)5GetAllocation infoSTRUCTAllocate ServDeviceNet Object Instance Attributes:DeviceNet Object Instance Services:SERVICESERVICE CODEPARAMETERS Get Attribute Single 0x0E Attribute ID Set Attribute Single 0x10Attribute IDAllocate 0x4B Allocation Choice Master MACIDRelease 0x4CRelease Choice2.4Assembly Object (Class ID = 4)There is a single instance of the Assembly Object for the Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator. No class attributes or services are supported for the Assembly Class.Assembly Object Instance Attributes:ATTR ACCESS DATA ID RULES NAME TYPE VALUE 3Get/SetDataStructSee Sect 1.5Assembly Object Instance Services:SERVICESERVICE CODEPARAMETERS Get Attribute Single 0x0E Attribute ID Set Attribute Single0x10Attribute ID2.2Message Router Object (Class ID = 2).There is no externally visible interface to the Message Router Object.2.3DeviceNet Object (Class ID = 3).There is a single instance of the DeviceNet Object for the Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator.DeviceNet Object Class Attributes:ATTRIBUTEACCESS DATA ID RULES NAME TYPE VALUE 1GetRevisionUint0x0002P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 5Connection Object - Poll I/O Message Connection (Instance #2)ATTR ACCESS DATA ID RULES NAME TYPE VALUE1Get State USINT State Dependent2Get Instance type USINT 0x013Get Xport class trigger USINT 0x824Get Produced CONN. ID UINT 0x3.. for MACID 635Get Consumed CONN. ID UINT 0x5.D for MACID 636Get Initial COMM. CharacteristicsUINT 0x017Get/Set Produced CONN. size UINT 0x038Get/Set Consumed CONN. size UINT 0x039Get/Set Expected packet rateUINT Application dependent10N/A N/A N/A Not used 11N/A N/AN/A Not used12Get/Set Watchdog timeout action USINT (0x00 Default) 0, 1, 213Get Produced path lengthUINT0x000614Get Produced path ARRAY O. USINT20.04.24.01.30.0315Get Consumed path lengthUINT0x000616GetConsumed pathARRAY of USINT20.04.24.01.30.03Connection Object Services:SERVICESERVICE CODEPARAMETERS Get Attribute Single 0x0E Attribute ID Set Attribute Single0x10Attribute IDATTR ACCESS DATA ID RULES NAME TYPE VALUE 1Get State USINT 0x032Get Instance type USINT 0x003Get Xport class trigger USINT 0x834Get Produced CONN. ID UINT 0x5.B for MACID 635Get Consumed CONN. ID UINT 0x5.C for MACID 636Get Initial COMM. CharacteristicsUINT 0x217Get Produced CONN. size UINT 0x00078Get Consumed CONN. size UINT 0x00079Get/Set Expected packet rateUINT Application dependent10N/A N/A N/A Not used 11N/A N/AN/A Not used 12Get/Set Watchdog timeout action USINT 0x01 Default 13Get Produced path lengthUINT0x000014Get Produced path ARRAY O. USINT<NULL>15Get Consumed path lengthUINT0x000016GetConsumed pathARRAY of USINT<NULL>2.5Connection Object (Class ID = 5).There are two instances of the Connection object. Instance #1 is assigned to the Explicit Messaging Connection.Instance #2 is assigned to the Polled I/O Connection. The following table shows the attributes and the pre-defined values where applicable. No class attributes are supported.Connection Object - Explicit Message Connection (Instance #1)InstallationSafety Message to Installers, Users, and Maintenance PersonnelThe Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator must be installed in accordance with the latest edition of the National Electrical Code and/or other applicable local regulations, by a trained and qualified electrician. The selection of the mounting location, its controls and the routing of the wiring is to be accomplished under the direction of the facilities engineer.NOTE:.or NEMA 4X applications, it is recommended that the unit be conduit mounted vertically facing up.1.If not using the optional 102PM. mounting kit, mount the base by installing on 3/4" (19 mm) conduit (not supplied).Pull field wiring (if required) and DeviceNet wiring through the conduit entrance hole.1.If using the 102PM. mounting kit, perform the following:NOTE:All references below are to .igure 1.ing the supplied gasket (D) as a guide, mark the four mounting holes and the center clearance hole on anappropriate surface.b.Punch the four mounting holes. Punch the wiring clearance hole in the mounting surface to be sufficientlylarger than that in the gasket to ensure the wiring insulation is protected from abrasion by the gasket (without interfering with the mounting screw holes), or provide other appropriate wire insulation abrasion protection as needed.c.Screw the pipe extension (purchased separately) into the mounting flange.d.Ground the flange by pulling the ground wire through the mounting surface clearance hole and center hole ofthe gasket. Connect earth ground to the bottom of the base mount flange using the ground screw (G) and wire retention terminal cup washer (H).e.Pull the remaining field wiring through center clearance hole of mounting surface, center hole of the gasket,pipe mount flange and extension pipe.f.Align the mounting gasket (D) and flange (A) on the panel. Secure using (4) #10-24 x 1" (25 mm) pan headscrews (B), (4) external tooth #10 star washers (E) and (4) #10-24 hex nuts (.).g.Mount the base as instructed below.Network & .ield ConnectionsP/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 6P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 7Pin 5V +Red Wire Pin 4CAN_H White Wire Pin 3Drain Bare Wire Pin 2CAN_L Blue Wire Pin 1V -Black Wire1.Make DeviceNet connections to the 5 position female terminal block plug as indicated in the below table. The 5DeviceNet bus terminals are silkscreened near the terminals on the printed circuit board. Make connections as follows:.igure 1. Optional 102PM. Mounting Kit AssemblyP/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 8SW1SW2SW3SW4SW5SW6SW7SW8BAUD RATE - 125 Kbps 00BAUD RATE - 250 Kbps 01BAUD RATE - 500 Kbps 10BAUD RATE - 125 Kbps 11MAC ID 0000000MAC ID 1000001MAC ID 2000010MAC ID 3000011MAC ID 4000100MAC ID 5000101MAC ID 6000110MAC ID 7000111MAC ID 8001000MAC ID 9001001MAC ID 10 (0x0A)001010MAC ID 11 (0x0B)001011MAC ID 12 (0x0C)001100MAC ID 13 (0x0D)001101MAC ID 14 (0x0E)001110MAC ID 15 (0x0.)001111MAC ID 16 (0x10)010000MAC ID 17 (0x11)010001MAC ID 18 (0x12)010010MAC ID 19 (0x13)010011MAC ID 20 (0x14)010100MAC ID 21 (0x15)010101MAC ID 22 (0x16)010110MAC ID 23 (0x17)010111MAC ID 24 (0x18)011000MAC ID 25 (0x19)011001MAC ID 26 (0x1A)011010MAC ID 27 (0x1B)011011MAC ID 28 (0x1C)011100MAC ID 29 (0x1D)011101MAC ID 30 (0x1E)011110Pin 1 (+)+ 24V DC Red Wire Pin 2 (-)- 24V DCBlack Wire2.A two (2) position screw terminal is provided to connect separate 24V DC light source operating power to theChameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator. The terminals for the 24V DC unit are labeled as "+" and "-". Make connections as follows:3.If it is desired to power the light sources from DeviceNet power, jumper (V+) and (V-) on the 5 position DeviceNetterminal block to (+) and (-) respectively on the 2 position screw terminal.Set DIPSWITCH S1 for the BAUD RATE and MAC ID required as follows:Note the legend on the dipswitch for the sense of 0 and 1 (0 = O.. and 1 = ON)P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 94.Connect the five position female connector on the tone module to the upper set of male pins in the ChameleonDeviceNet Status Indicator. Set the selected tone in accordance with the table below. Set the third Byte (Data Byte 2) in accordance with the table below in order to access the required tone. "X" is the "Don't Care" State.Switch Settings*ToneBit3Bit2Bit1Bit0Tone Off 0X X X Stutter Beep 1000Continuous 10013 Pulse Horn 1010Rapid Siren 1011Hi/Lo1100.ast Whoop 1101Yeow 1110Beep1111*1 is ON. 0 is O...SW1SW2SW3SW4SW5SW6SW7SW8MAC ID 31 (0x1.)011111MAC ID 32 (0x20)100000MAC ID 33 (0x21)100001MAC ID 34 (0x22)100010MAC ID 35 (0x23)100011MAC ID 36 (0x24)100100MAC ID 37 (0x25)100101MAC ID 38 (0x26)100110MAC ID 39 (0x27)100111MAC ID 40 (0x28)101000MAC ID 41 (0x29)101001MAC ID 42 (0x2A)101010MAC ID 43 (0x2B)101011MAC ID 44 (0x2C)101100MAC ID 45 (0x2D)101101MAC ID 46 (0x2E)101110MAC ID 47 (0x2.)101111MAC ID 48 (0x30)110000MAC ID 49 (0x31)110001MAC ID 50 (0x32)110010MAC ID 51 (0x33)110011MAC ID 52 (0x34)110100MAC ID 53 (0x35)110101MAC ID 54 (0x36)110110MAC ID 55 (0x37)110111MAC ID 56 (0x38)111000MAC ID 57 (0x39)111001MAC ID 58 (0x3A)111010MAC ID 59 (0x3B)111011MAC ID 60 (0x3C)111100MAC ID 61 (0x3D)111101MAC ID 62 (0x3E)1111105.Install the front cover or the optional multi-tone module by tightening the two captive front screws.6.Test the Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator to ensure that it operates as intended.To test the device for functionality the unit must be connected to a DeviceNet network via the five (5) pin connector.Turn on the network power supply and local power (if so configured) for the lamps. All lamps will flash instantaneously (some lamps may not be visible) as the unit checks for proper lamp operation. The value of the data byte in the master poll will be displayed on the lamps until it is changed by subsequent poll command. The pre-defined poll connection has consume size of three (3) bytes, and a produce size of three (3) bytes. When all the connections are released the lamps will display the last poll command data before release of the connection. 7.The following is an Output Data Byte exampleByte 20000 1 001Set Tone OnSetToneValue 1Byte 1000 00001SetLED1 to.lashingSet.lashRate =8O.PM8.The following is an Input Data Byte example:Byte 2 0000 1001Sounder isON withToneValue 1Byte 1XXX 00011Lamp 2was ONbefore last pollcommandByte 0XXX 00001LED 1 isburnedout ormissingMaintenanceThe lens surfaces should be periodically dusted and cleaned with a dry soft clean cloth to maintain optimum light visibility. If necessary, the outside of the lens may be cleaned with water and a mild detergent on a well rung out soft clean cloth.Electrical Lamp LifeCatalog No.Ratings(Hours)108-DN-RGA-G124V DC, 0.105 A100,000108-DN-RBA-G1108-DN-RGA-N5120V AC, 0.12A100,000108-DN-RBA-N5Table 1. Chameleon DeviceNet Status Indicator SpecificationsOperating DeviceNet Bus Current0.12ACurrent Draw supplied by separate power supply (per Light Module)DC: 0.062 to 0.320AAC: 0.022 to 0.120A In-Rush Current supplied by separate power supply (per Light Module)DC: 1.2AAC: 0.5A .lash Rate (selectable via second data byte of POLL command)45, 60 or 80 fpmOperating Temperature32. to 158. (0C to 70C)Table 2. Pertinent DeviceNet SpecificationsContacting Edwards:Phone:(203) 699-3000E-Mail:******************************************************************Website:P/N 3100179 ISSUE 1PAGE 10。

M OLECULAR AND C ELLULAR B IOLOGY,July2009,p.3465–3477Vol.29,No.13 0270-7306/09/$08.00ϩ0doi:10.1128/MCB.00206-09Copyright©2009,American Society for Microbiology.All Rights Reserved.The Active Form of Human Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor(AHR)Repressor Lacks Exon8,and Its Pro185and Ala185Variants Repressboth AHR and Hypoxia-Inducible Factorᰔ†Sibel I.Karchner,1Matthew J.Jenny,1Ann M.Tarrant,1Brad R.Evans,1,2Hyo Jin Kang,3Insoo Bae,3David H.Sherr,4and Mark E.Hahn1*Biology Department,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,Woods Hole,Massachusetts025431;Biology Department, Boston University,Boston,Massachusetts022152;Department of Oncology,Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington,DC200073;and Department of Environmental Health,Boston University School ofPublic Health,Boston,Massachusetts021184Received16February2009/Accepted10April2009The aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)repressor(AHRR)inhibits AHR-mediated transcription and has beenassociated with reproductive dysfunction and tumorigenesis in humans.Previous studies have characterizedthe repressor function of AHRRs from mice andfish,but the human AHRR ortholog(AHRR715)appeared tobe nonfunctional in vitro.Here,we report a novel human AHRR cDNA(AHRR⌬8)that lacks exon8ofAHRR715.AHRR⌬8was the predominant AHRR form expressed in human tissues and cell lines.AHRR⌬8effectively repressed AHR-dependent transactivation,whereas AHRR715was much less active.Similarly,AHRR⌬8,but not AHRR715,formed a complex with AHR nuclear translocator(ARNT).Repression of AHR byAHRR⌬8was not relieved by overexpression of ARNT or AHR coactivators,suggesting that competition for these cofactors is not the mechanism of repression.AHRR⌬8interacted weakly with AHR but did not inhibit its nuclear translocation.In a survey of transcription factor specificity,AHRR⌬8did not repress the nuclear receptor pregnane X receptor or estrogen receptor␣but did repress hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-dependent signaling.AHRR⌬8-Pro185and-Ala185variants,which have been linked to human reproductive disorders,both were capable of repressing AHR or HIF.Together,these results identify AHRR⌬8as the active form of human AHRR and reveal novel aspects of its function and specificity as a repressor.The aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AHR)repressor(AHRR)is a basic-helix-loop-helix/Per-AHR nuclear translocator(ARNT)-Sim(bHLH-PAS)protein discovered because of its similarity to the AHR,a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the response to synthetic aromatic hydrocarbons(48).The AHR and AHRR form a negative regulatory loop that is evolutionarily conserved in vertebrates(32);expression of AHRR is regulated by the AHR,and AHRR acts as a transcriptional repressor of AHR function(1,32,48).Like the AHR,AHRR can dimerize with the ARNT,and the AHRR-ARNT complex can bind to AHR-responsive enhancer elements(AHREs).Repression oc-curs through competition between AHR and AHRR for binding to AHREs(14,48)as well as through additional mechanisms that do not involve competition for ARNT and are independent of AHRE binding by AHRR(14).The biological and toxicological functions of AHRR are not well understood,but recentfindings suggest that AHRR is involved in human reproductive physiology and in the regula-tion of cell growth(reviewed in references20and22).A human AHRR(hAHRR)Ala185Pro polymorphism has been associated with altered reproductive development and infertil-ity in men(16,46,59,64)and endometriosis in women(19,35,62,65),but the functional properties of the polymorphic vari-ants have never been assessed.AHRR overexpression inhibits the growth of human tumor cells in culture(30,56,68).Con-versely,knockdown of AHRR expression enhances cell growth and confers resistance to apoptosis;consistent with this,the AHRR gene has been found to be silenced by hypermethylation in a variety of human cancers(71).Based on these and other findings,the AHRR has been proposed to function as a tumor suppressor gene(22,71).In order to assess the functions of AHRR and its polymor-phic variants and their relationship to human disease,it is important to understand the nature of the transcripts and proteins encoded by the AHRR gene,as well as their expres-sion in human tissues and cell lines.An hAHRR cDNA iden-tified in a large-scale screen of cDNAs from brain(50)encodes a protein of715amino acids(aa)(referred to here as AHRR715).The human AHRR gene encoding this protein has been reported to contain12exons,thefirst of which is non-coding(8,16).Our initial functional analysis of this protein suggested that,unlike AHRRs from mouse,frog,andfish(15,32,48,70),human AHRR715was not an effective repressor of AHR function in vitro.In phylogenetic analyses involving amino acid sequence alignments of multiple vertebrateAHRRs,we identified an18-aa segment of AHRR715that was absent from all other AHRRs.We therefore hypothesized the existence of an alternative hAHRR form lacking this segment and also hypothesized that this alternative form might exhibit characteristic repressor function.*Corresponding author.Mailing address:Biology Department,MS#32,Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole,MA 02543.Phone:(508)289-3242.Fax:(508)457-2134.E-mail:mhahn@.†Supplemental material for this article may be found at http://mcb/.ᰔPublished ahead of print on20April2009.3465Here,we report the identification and cloning of a novel hAHRR cDNA that lacks exon8of the original AHRR clone. This new AHRR(AHRR⌬8)is the predominant form ex-pressed in multiple human tissues and human tumor cell lines. We compare the functions of the two AHRR splice variants and provide thefirst functional mechanistic assessment of the hAHRR Pro185Ala polymorphic variants that have been as-sociated with increased susceptibility to reproductive dysfunc-tion in human populations.We also show that competition for ARNT or AHR coactivators is not involved in the mechanism of AHR repression and that human AHRR⌬8(hAHRR⌬8)is capable of repressing hypoxia-inducible factor(HIF)-depen-dent signaling.MATERIALS AND METHODSChemicals and cell lines.2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin(TCDD)was obtained from Ultra Scientific(Hope,RI).Dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO),clo-trimazole,cobalt chloride,and17␤-estradiol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St.Louis,MO).COS-7cells and the human cell lines HepG2,HeLa,MCF-7, Hs578T,and MDA231were obtained from the American Type Culture Collec-tion(ATCC;Manassas,VA)and grown according to standard procedures.BP-1 cells were generously provided by J.Russo(Fox Chase Cancer Center,Phila-delphia,PA).Human cDNA panel screening.The expression of AHRR exon8in various human tissues was determined by amplifying a partial fragment of AHRR with primersflanking the exon8region.Primers hRR-F635(5Ј-AGTACTCGGCCT TCCTGACC-3Ј)and hRR-R816(5Ј-CGCCTTCTTCTTCTGTCCAA-3Ј)were used with5␮l of cDNAs from adult and fetal human cDNA panels(BD Biosciences,Mountain View,CA)in a25-␮l amplification reaction mixture using AmpliTaqGold DNA polymerase(Applied Biosystems,Foster City,CA).The PCR conditions were as follows:94°C for10min,94°C for15s and60°C for30s for35cycles,and72°C for7min.The PCR products were resolved on15% Tris-borate EDTA gels.Screening of human cell lines for the Pro/Ala polymorphism and the presence of exon8.Total RNA was isolated from human cell lines MCF-7,Hs578T, MDA231,and BP-1as described earlier(68).Briefly,cells were frozen and pulverized into afine powder.Total cellular RNA was isolated using RNAzol as described by the manufacturer(Leedo Medical Laboratories,Houston,TX). RNA was quantified with a spectrophotometer at optical densities of260nm and 280nm.cDNA was synthesized from2␮g of total RNA using Omniscript reverse transcriptase(Qiagen,Valencia,CA).A partial fragment of AHRR was ampli-fied from cDNA derived from each cell line using primers hRR-F494(5Ј-AGG ACTTCTGCCGGCAGCTCC-3Ј)and RRex8R(5Ј-CAGCTGCCAAGCCTGT GACC-3Ј)flanking the region containing the Pro185Ala polymorphism and exon 8.The PCR products were cloned into the pGEM-T vector(Promega),and multiple clones were sequenced for each cell line.Generation of AHRR plasmid constructs.The pcDNAhAHRR(AHRR715) construct was prepared by subcloning the KIAA1234cDNA(clone fH08618;a gift from Takahiro Nagase,Kazusa DNA Research Institute,Chiba,Japan[50]) into pcDNA3.1,as we described earlier(32).Full-length hAHRR⌬8was ampli-fied from testes cDNA(human cDNA panel;BD Biosciences,Mountain View, CA)using primers hRR-F39(5Ј-GATCATATGCCGAGGACGAT-3Ј)and hRR-R2227(5Ј-GAGCTTGGATGGTGGTCACT-3Ј)and Advantage DNA polymerase(BD Biosciences).The PCR conditions were as follows:94°C for1 min;94°C for5s,64°C for10s,and68°C for2.5min forfive cycles;94°C for5s, 62°C for10s,and68°C for2.5min forfive cycles;94°C for5s,60°C for10s,and 68°C for2.5min for25cycles;72°C for10min.The amplified product was cloned into the pGEM-T vector(Promega,Madison,WI)and sequenced.The insert was cut out of EcoRI and SpeI sites and transferred to the EcoRI and XbaI sites of the pcDNA3.1vector(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA).Other plasmid constructs.The pEF-hAHR and mouse AHR-yellowfluores-cent protein(YFP)fusion constructs were provided by Gary Perdew(Pennsyl-vania State University,University Park,PA).The plasmid pGudLuc6.1,which contains thefirefly luciferase reporter under the control of a mouse mammary tumor virus promoter regulated by four AHREs from the murine CYP1A1 promoter,was a gift from M.Denison(University of California,Davis,CA).Rat Cyp1a1-Luc and human XRE.1A1-Luc were obtained from R.Barouki(Univer-sity of Rene Descartes,France)and S.K.Kim(Seoul National University,South Korea),respectively.Expression constructs for human ARNT and the hypoxia-responsive luciferase reporter,HRE-luc(PL949[25]),were obtained from C. Bradfield(University of Wisconsin,Madison,WI).The human pregnane X receptor(PXR)expression construct was provided by S.Kliewer(University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill),and the PXR reporter construct(XREM-tk-luc) was obtained from J.Moore(Molecular Discovery Research,GlaxoSmithKline, Research Triangle Park,NC).The human estrogen receptor␣(ER␣)construct and an estrogen-responsive luciferase reporter(3xERE-TATA-luc)were ob-tained from D.McDonnell(Duke University Medical Center,Durham,NC). Expression constructs for the receptor coactivators GRIP,CoCoA,and GAC63 were provided by M.Stallcup(University of Southern California,Los Angeles, CA).Src-1a and Src-1e constructs were obtained from E.Kalkhoven(University Medical Center Utrecht,The Netherlands)and M.Parker(Imperial College London,United Kingdom).The p300expression construct was from Upstate Biotechnologies(Lake Placid,NY).Transient transfections and luciferase assays.Transient transfections were performed as described earlier(14,32).Briefly,transfections of DNA with Lipofectamine2000reagent(Invitrogen,Carlsbad,CA)were carried out in triplicate wells24h after plating.Approximately300ng of DNA was complexed with1␮l of Lipofectamine2000and then added to cells;the amount of DNA used for each expression construct is listed in thefigure legends.The total amount of DNA was kept constant by adding in empty vector.Five hours after transfection,cells were exposed to DMSO(0.5%),TCDD(10nMfinal concen-tration),clotrimazole(10␮Mfinal concentration),CoCl(150␮Mfinal concen-tration),or17␤-estradiol(10nMfinal concentration).(For transfections involv-ing17␤-estradiol and ER␣,cells were grown in phenol red-free medium with charcoal-stripped serum.)Renilla luciferase(pRL-TK or pGL4.74;Promega, Madison,WI)was used as the transfection control.Cells were lysed19h after dosing,and luminescence was measured using the dual luciferase assay kit (Promega)in a TD20/20luminometer(Turner Designs,Sunnyvale,CA).The final values are expressed as a ratio of thefirefly luciferase units to the Renilla luciferase units.Experiments were repeated multiple times.AHRR antibody production and Western blots.Polyclonal antibodies to hAHRR(designed to recognize both forms)were raised in two rabbits(21st Century Biochemicals,Marlboro,MA)by coimmunizing the animals with two peptides corresponding to amino acid residues18to31(LQKQRPAVGAE KSN)and80to101(FQVVQEQSSRQPAAGAPSPGDS).To avoid cross-re-activity with AHR,the peptides were in regions of the AHRR protein exhibiting low sequence identity with the AHR(see Fig.S1in the supplemental material). Preimmune serum and serum from six bleeds were collected over the course of several weeks,and antibody titer was tested by Western blotting using hAHRR-transfected COS-7cell lysates;lysates from COS-7cells transfected with empty vector served as a control for specificity.COS-7cells were plated and transfected as described above.Twenty-four hours after transfection,cells were rinsed with phosphate-buffered saline and resuspended in2ϫsample treatment buffer.Cell lysates were subjected to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electro-phoresis,and the gels were blotted onto nitrocellulose.The serum antibody titer for each bleed was tested by blotting with two dilutions(1:250and1:1,000).Two affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies were isolated from serum(bleeds3thru6) from a single rabbit by separate affinity purification procedures using the two individual peptides.The affinity-purified antibodies are designated PAb-RR-18-1 (against residues18to31)and PAb-RR-80-2(against residues80to101).The specificity of the affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies was assessed by blotting against lysates from COS-7cells transfected with plasmids for hAHRR,human AHR,mouse AHRR,and killifish AHRR.All results reported here(Western blots and immunoprecipitations)were performed using PAb-RR-80-2. Expression of hAHRR protein in the transient-transfection assays was mea-sured by Western blotting with PAb-RR-80-2(3␮g/ml),followed by a goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G(IgG)Ϫhorseradish peroxidase(Upstate/Milli-pore,Billerica,MA)secondary antibody(1:5,000).The AHRR proteins were then visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence(ECL-Plus;GE Healthcare, Piscataway,NJ).Coimmunoprecipitation assay.The full-length AHRR715,AHRR⌬8,AHR, and ARNT proteins were synthesized by in vitro transcription and translation (TnT;Promega,Madison,WI)in the presence or absence of[35S]methionine (MP Biomedicals,Solon,OH).Five microliters of unlabeled protein was mixed with15␮l of radiolabeled protein and incubated at room temperature for2h. For mixtures containing AHR,TCDD(10nM)was added.The mixtures were adjusted to25mM HEPES,200mM NaCl,1.2mM EDTA,10%glycerol,and 0.1%Nonidet P-40,pH7.4,with protease inhibitors(immunoprecipitation buffer).After two rounds of preclearing with normal mouse IgG and protein G-agarose,5␮g of specific antibody or IgG was added and incubated for2h, followed by precipitation with protein G-agarose overnight.The beads were washed two times with IP buffer,boiled in sample treatment buffer,and subjected3466KARCHNER ET AL.M OL.C ELL.B IOL.to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis on an8%poly-acrylamide gel.The gels were dried and visualized byfluorography.hAHRR antibody(PAb-RR-80-2)or normal rabbit IgG was used to precipitate AHRR complexes and nonspecific complexes,respectively.For ARNT complexes, monoclonal ARNT antibody(MA1-515;Affinity BioReagents,Golden,CO)and normal mouse IgG were used.Subcellular localization of mouse AHR-YFP.COS-7cells were grown on coverslips in six-well plates.Cells were cotransfected with350ng of mouse AHR-YFP and350ng of human ARNT expression constructs,with or without 350ng of hAHRR⌬8construct,using Lipofectamine2000reagent(Invitrogen). Luciferase reporter pGudLuc6.1(300ng)and the transfection control pRL-TK (40ng)were also transfected.Cells were dosed with DMSO or TCDD(10nM final concentration)5h after transfection.Twenty-four hours after transfection, cells were washed with1ϫphosphate-buffered saline andfixed in4%formalde-hyde.The coverslips were inverted onto slides and mounted with Vectashield hard-setting mounting medium(Vector Laboratories,Burlingame,CA).Cells were visualized using a Zeiss Axio Imager.Z1fluorescence microscope,and Axiovision software was used to collect the images.To confirm the effectiveness of AHRR⌬8as a repressor under the conditions of the assay,luciferase was measured in a plate of cells run in parallel.Nucleotide sequence accession numbers.The AHRR⌬8sequences have been deposited in GenBank,with accession numbers EU293605(mRNA)and ABX89616(protein).RESULTSIdentification and characterization of the major form of hAHRR.In our earlier studies of the evolutionary conservation of AHRR in vertebrates(15,32),we noticed that the predicted 715-aa protein derived from the original hAHRR cDNA(AHRR715[50])included an18-aa segment that had no coun-terpart(homologous amino acids)in other AHRRs.A more recent phylogenetic analysis involving an alignment of all known(i.e.,verified)mammalian,amphibian,andfish AHRR protein sequences confirmed that this unique18-aa segment ispresent only in the human AHRR715(Fig.1A).This segmentis located in an otherwise conserved portion of the PAS region downstream of the PAS-A repeat(sometimes referred to as the“intervening region”[10]between PAS repeats)(see Fig. S1in the supplemental material);it is encoded by a single exon of54nucleotides in the human genome(Fig.1B),correspond-ing to exon8described by others(8,16).AHRR715,the715-aaprotein encoded by the cDNA containing this exon,functioned poorly as a repressor in transient-transfection assays in three different laboratories(unpublished results;see below).We therefore hypothesized that there might be an alternatively spliced AHRR transcript lacking this exon and that the protein encoded by this alternative transcript might have a repressor function like that of AHRRs from other species.Using primersflanking exon8,we used PCR to amplify this region of the AHRR transcript from human tissue cDNAs. The primary amplicon was128bp,the size predicted for a form lacking exon8,rather than the182bp predicted for the exon 8-containing transcript.Subsequently,we amplified,cloned, and sequenced a full-length cDNA of2,173bp with an open reading frame of2091bp encoding a predicted AHRR proteinof697aa.The new cDNA is identical to AHRR715(50),exceptthat it lacks the sequences corresponding to exon8and thus has been designated AHRR⌬8.Two polymorphic variants of AHRR⌬8,corresponding to the Ala185Pro single nucleotide polymorphism described earlier(65),were found among the sequenced clones.To assess the relative expression of AHRR715andAHRR⌬8,we performed PCR analysis on cDNA from human tissues with primersflanking exon8,designed to produce am-plicons of different sizes for the two AHRR variants.A survey of multiple adult and fetal tissues demonstrated that AHRR⌬8 is the predominant,and in most cases only,form of AHRR expressed(Fig.1C).We also examined the relative expression of AHRR715and AHRR⌬8and the presence of Ala185Pro polymorphic variants in several human tumor cell lines.As seen with the human tissues,AHRR⌬8was the predominant form of AHRR expressed in HeLa,HepG2,MCF-7,Hs578T, MDA231,and BP-1cells(see Fig.S2A and Table S1in thesupplemental material).Although AHRR715transcripts were not detected by using primersflanking exon8,use of a primerwithin exon8showed that AHRR715transcripts were ex-pressed at low levels in HeLa and HepG2cells(see Fig.S2B in the supplemental material).Sequencing of AHRR cDNA clones from each of the cell lines confirmed AHRR⌬8as the predominant expressed form and showed that all of the cell lines except BP-1are heterozygous for the Ala185Pro poly-morphism(see Table S1in the supplemental material). AHRR⌬8and AHRR differ in repressor activity.To com-pare the functional properties of the original715-aa AHRRprotein(AHRR715)and AHRR⌬8,we performed transient-transfection assays in which we measured the ability of the AHRRs to inhibit the TCDD-inducible transactivation of re-porter gene construct pGudLuc6.1mediated by either trans-fected or endogenously expressed AHR.After transfectionwith the respective constructs,AHRR715and AHRR⌬8pro-teins were expressed at similar levels in COS-7cells,as as-sessed by Western blotting using an hAHRR antibody that recognizes both AHRR forms but does not recognize human AHR(Fig.2A and B).When transfected into COS-7cells with ARNT in the presence or absence of TCDD,neither AHRR form was able to activate transcription of pGudLuc6.1(see Fig. S3A in the supplemental material).Thus,hAHRRs lack a function as transcriptional activators,as observed previously for AHRRs from other species(15,32,48).To test the ability of AHRR715and AHRR⌬8to repress AHR-mediated signaling,each form was transfected into COS-7cells together with expression constructs for human AHR and ARNT and pGudLuc6.1.In the absence of cotrans-fected AHRR,AHR and ARNT caused transactivation of the luciferase reporter that was enhanced by TCDD(Fig.2C).Transfection of the AHRR715expression construct at50and 150ng/well caused little change in the AHR-dependent acti-vation of luciferase expression or its induction by TCDD.In contrast,AHRR⌬8at50or150ng/well completely repressed both constitutive(i.e.,exogenous ligand-independent)and TCDD-inducible reporter gene activity(Fig.2C).Similarly,AHRR⌬8,but not AHRR715,repressed transactivation by mouse AHR in COS-7cells(see Fig.S3B in the supplemental material).To evaluate the effect of the AHRRs on endog-enously expressed human AHR,AHRR715or AHRR⌬8was cotransfected with pGudLuc6.1into HepG2cells,which ex-press abundant AHR(13).As we saw with the transfectedAHRs in COS-7cells,AHRR715was ineffective as a repressor of the endogenous HepG2AHR,whereas AHRR⌬8reduced TCDD-inducible reporter gene activation by61%(Fig.2D).AHRR⌬8also was much more effective than AHRR715at repressing endogenous AHR in MCF-7cells cotransfected with two different reporter gene constructs(Cyp1a1-Luc andV OL.29,2009HUMAN AHRR⌬8AND VARIANTS REPRESS AHR AND HIF3467XRE.1A1-Luc)(Fig.2E;see also Fig.S3C in the supplemental material).(The lower percent repression in HepG2and MCF-7cells than in COS-7cells likely reflects the fact that endogenous AHR is expressed in all HepG2and MCF-7cells,whereas not all of the cells take up transiently transfected AHRR.)Together,these results demonstrate that the much greater ability of AHRR ⌬8than of AHRR 715to repress AHR transactivation is consistently observed for transfected and en-dogenously expressed AHRs from humans and mice,in three different cell lines,and with AHRE-containing reporter gene constructs derived from three different mammalian species.AHRR ⌬8and AHRR 715differ in ability to interact with ARNT.The 18-aa peptide encoded by exon 8in AHRR 715lies in the ϳ100-aa “intervening region”downstream of the PAS-A repeat.This region is highly conserved in AHR and AHRR proteins (Fig.1A;see also Fig.S1in the supplemental mate-rial),and in the AHR,it has been shown to be important for dimerization with ARNT (10,45).This region also appears to be important for dimerization of AHRR and ARNT,because deletion of this region in the zebrafish AHRRa caused a dra-matic reduction in the ability of AHRRa to interact with ARNT (14).To determine whether the presence of the 18-aa peptide within the intervening region of AHRR 715affects its ability to dimerize with ARNT,we performed a coimmuno-precipitation experiment in which radiolabeled ARNT was in-cubated with in vitro-expressed AHRR ⌬8or AHRR 715and the complex was immunoprecipitated with affinity-purified antibody against hAHRR,which recognizes both forms.AHRR ⌬8and AHRR 715were synthesized to similar levels by in vitro transcription and translation (Fig.3A).AHRR ⌬8FIG.1.Identification of hAHRR splice variant AHRR ⌬8as the major variant expressed in human tissues.(A)Partial amino acid sequence alignment of AHRRs and AHRs from different species.The top sequence is human AHRR 715;immediately below it is the sequence of AHRR ⌬8.Abbreviations:Hs,human;Mm,mouse;Rn,rat;Xl,frog;Fh,killifish;Tr,Japanese puffer fish;Dr,zebrafish;Mt,tomcod.For GenBank accession numbers,see the legend to Fig.S1in the supplemental material.(B)hAHRR gene structure.Translated exons are shown in black boxes.The first exon and part of the second exon are untranslated.The additional exon (exon 8)is shown in gray.The position of the Pro185Ala polymorphism is marked by an arrow.(C)Survey of adult human tissues for the expression of AHRR 715and AHRR ⌬8transcripts.A partial AHRR cDNA fragment was amplified from adult and fetal human cDNAs,using primers flanking exon 8(shown in gray in panel B).The presence of the exon would have produced a 182-bp PCR product (AHRR 715),as opposed to the 128-bp product (AHRR ⌬8)obtained in all tissues.3468KARCHNER ET AL.M OL .C ELL .B IOL .formed a complex with ARNT that could be specifically and strongly immunoprecipitated by the AHRR antibody (Fig.3B,lane 3versus lane 4;see also Fig.S4B in the supplemental material).In contrast,AHRR 715did not interact with ARNT (Fig.3B,lane 1versus lane 2;see also Fig.S4B in the supple-mental material).The results suggest that the presence of the 18-aa peptide encoded by exon 8disrupts ARNT dimerization,that hAHRR requires ARNT to repress AHR,and that the difference in the repressor function of AHRR ⌬8and AHRR 715reflects the inability of the latter protein to associate with ARNT.Functional comparison of AHRR ⌬8-Ala 185and AHRR ⌬8-Pro 185polymorphic variants.An Ala185Pro polymorphism in the hAHRR has been associated with human diseases in sev-eral studies (16,19,35,46,59,62,64,65),but the functional properties of the two variants have never been assessed.Both of these polymorphic variants were present in our pool of AHRR ⌬8clones.To compare their abilities to repress AHR transactivation,we performed transient-transfection assays in which we measured the abilities of AHRR ⌬8-Ala 185and AHRR ⌬8-Pro 185to repress AHR-and ARNT-dependent transactivation of pGudLuc6.1in COS-7cells.The AHRR ⌬8variants were expressed at similar levels in the transfected cells (Fig.4A).Both AHRR ⌬8-Ala 185and AHRR ⌬8-Pro 185were effective at repressing constitutive (exogenous ligand-indepen-dent)and TCDD-inducible expression of pGudLuc6.1.In ex-periments in which increasing amounts of AHRR ⌬8expres-sion constructs were transfected,the two variants were equally potent at repressing AHR-mediated transactivation of the re-porter gene (Fig.4B and C).We conclude that both AHRR ⌬8-Ala 185and AHRR ⌬8-Pro 185are fully functional as repressors of AHR and thus that the Ala185Pro polymorphism does not affect repression of AHR-mediated transcription.Mechanism of repression of AHR by AHRR ⌬8.Mimura et al.(48)showed that mouse AHRR could dimerize with ARNT and bind to AHREs and proposed that the mechanism of repression involved competition between AHR and AHRR for binding to ARNT and for binding to AHRE sequences.Our recent studies using the zebrafish AHRRa provided evidence that competition for ARNT is not an important element of the mechanism of repression and that AHRE binding may con-tribute to the repression but is not required (14).To assess the role of competition for ARNT in the repression of human AHR by hAHRR ⌬8,we performed a series oftransient-trans-FIG.2.Repressor activity of hAHRR splice variants AHRR 715and AHRR ⌬8.(A)The hAHRR antibody does not recognize human AHR or AHRRs from other species.Cell lysates from COS-7cells transiently expressing the indicated constructs were blotted and probed with antibody PAb-RR-80-2raised against the hAHRR.(B)In transient-transfection assays in COS-7cells,AHRR 715and AHRR ⌬8are expressed at similar levels.Cell lysates were blotted and probed with the hAHRR antibody.Numbers at left of panels A and B are molecular masses in kilodaltons.(C)Repression of exogenously expressed AHR by AHRR 715and AHRR ⌬8in COS-7cells.COS-7cells were transfected with human AHR (5ng),human ARNT (25ng),and AHRR 715or AHRR ⌬8constructs (50or 150ng each),along with a luciferase reporter under the control of dioxin response elements (pGudLuc6.1)and a transfection control plasmid expressing Renilla luciferase (pRL-TK).Cells were dosed with DMSO or TCDD (10nM final concentration),followed by a luciferase assay.The results shown are representative of seven independent experiments.(D and E)Repression of endogenous AHR in HepG2(D)and MCF-7(E)cells by AHRR 715and AHRR ⌬8.Cells were transfected with AHRR 715or AHRR ⌬8constructs (25and 100ng each),along with a luciferase reporter under the control of dioxin response elements (for HepG2,pGudLuc6.1;for MCF-7,Cyp1a1-Luc)and pRL-TK.Cells were dosed with DMSO or TCDD (10nM final concentration),followed by a luciferase assay.The results shown in panels D and E are representative of two and three independent experiments,respectively.V OL .29,2009HUMAN AHRR ⌬8AND VARIANTS REPRESS AHR AND HIF 3469。

mass 翻译基本解释●mass：质量，群众，大量●/mæs/●n. 质量，群众，大量●v. 聚集，集中变化形式●n. 复数形式：masses●v. 第三人称单数：masses●过去式：massed●过去分词：massed●现在分词：massing具体用法●●名词:o质量，群众，大量o同义词：bulk, volume, quantity, crowd, multitude o反义词：individual, single, unit, part, fragmento例句：●The mass of the object was measured to be 10 kilograms,which was heavier than expected. (物体的质量被测量为10公斤，比预期的要重。

)● A large mass of people gathered in the square to protestagainst the new policy implemented by the government. (一大群人聚集在广场上抗议政府实施的新政策。

)●The mass of evidence presented in court was overwhelming,leading to a swift verdict. (法庭上呈现的大量证据令人难以抗拒，导致迅速的判决。

)●Scientists are studying the mass of the black hole tounderstand its gravitational effects on surrounding stars. (科学家们正在研究黑洞的质量，以了解其对周围恒星的引力影响。

)●The mass of the planet is a crucial factor in determining itsgravitational pull and atmosphere. (行星的质量是决定其引力和大气层的重要因素。

【BIG BANG】Sheldon经典对白，第一季，--厦门韦博提供【BIG BANG】那些Sheldon告诉和教会我们的！（Sheldon经典对白，第一季），希望对大家有帮助~--厦门韦博提供【BIG BANG】Sheldon经典对白，第一季，--厦门韦博提供【BIG BANG】那些Sheldon告诉和教会我们的！（Sheldon经典对白，第一季），希望对大家有帮助~--厦门韦博提供第一集1. 台阶的高度偏差2mm大多数人就会绊倒-Sheldon: You want to hear an interesting thing about stairs?你想听有关楼梯好玩的事吗？-Leonard: Not really.不太想。

-Sheldon: If the height of a single step is off by 2 millimeters, most people will trip如果一个台阶的高度偏差2mm大多数人就会绊倒。

2. 去高智商精子库捐精的本质-Penny: So, what do you guys do for fun around here?那你们平时都玩些什么？-Sheldon: Well, today we tried masturbating for money.今天我们刚试过靠自慰赚钱。

3.找个自己一个最适合的位置吧-Sheldon: In the winter, that seat is close enough to the radiator to remain warm,冬天的时候，这个地方离电暖器最近，很暖和，and yet not so close as to cause perspiration;也不会很热到直流汗。

in the summer, it's directly in the path of a cross-breeze created by opening windows夏天的时候，这里又刚好可以吹过堂风，是来自这扇窗户和那扇的。

句子收集Civil servants have a documented propensity to, you know, snap.Please don't tell me that your hopeless infatuation is devolving into pointless jealousy.Well, at least now you can retrieve the black box from the twisted, smothering wreckage that was once your fantasy of dating her and analyze the data so that you don't crash into geek mountain.Love is not a sprint; it's a marathon- -a relentless pursuit that only ends when she falls into your arms or hits you with the pepper spray.Now given that winter is coming,one can only assume she's signaling sexual availability.When it comes to sexual harassment law, I'm a bit of a self-taught expert.I was going to characterize it as the modification of our colleague- slash- friendship paradigm with the addition of a date like component,but we don't need to quibble over terminology.And would you agree that the primary way we would evaluate either the success or failure of the date would be based on the biochemical reaction during the good night kiss.Have you ever harmed a human being or through inaction allowed a human being to come to harm.Have you ever harmed yourself or allowed yourself to be harmed except in cases where a human being would have been endangered?I happen to know a place where there are plenty of eligible women and Leonard could have his pick.I think that you have as much of a chance of having a sexual relationship with Penny as the Hubble telescope does of discovering at the center of every black hole is a little man with a flashlight searching for a circuit breaker.Nevertheless, I do feel obligated to point out to you that she did not reject you.There is an inherent ambiguity in the word "dinner”.Technically it refers to the largest meal of the day whenever it's consumed.So to clarify here, by dinner I mean supper.That gives you two hours and 15 minutes for that dense molecular cloud of aromas to dissipate.Of course there is the other possibility that this date kicks off a rather unpleasant six months of the two of you passing awkwardly in the hall,until one of you breaks down and moves to another zip code.It was a little sparsely sourced, but I think the basic science is valid.Not the kind of illness that will make her want to come over and take care of me,but nothing so critical that she'll feel uncomfortable going out with me in the future if I want to try this again.At best you can say,"Hey, look, my idea has an internal logical consistency.”We are committing genetic fraud.There's no guarantee that our sperm is going to generate high-IQ offspring.But there's some poor woman who's going to pin her hopes on my sperm.What if she winds up with a toddler who doesn't know if he should use an integral or a differential to solve the area under a curve?Significant improvement over the old neighbor.I know that moving can be stressful and I find that when I'm undergoing stress,that good food and company can have a comforting effect.If by "holy smokes" you mean a derivative restatement of the kind of stuff you can find scribbled on the wall of any men's room at MIT, sure.In the winter, that seat is close enough to the radiator to remain warm, and yet not so close as to cause perspiration;in the summer, it's directly in the path of a cross-breeze created by opening windows there, and there.It faces the television at an angle that is neither direct, thus discouraging conversation,nor so far wide as to create a parallax distortion.I resent you saying we don't have company.That has negative social implications.It tells us that you participate in the mass cultural delusion that the sun's apparent position relative to arbitrarily defined constellations at the time of your birth somehow affects your personality.If you look at Huygens, light is a wave, as confirmed by the double-slit experiment,but then along comes Albert Einstein and discovers that light behaves like particles, too.It has been some time since we've had a woman take her clothes off,after which we didn't want to rip our eyes out.That's not to say that if a carnal relationship were to develop that I wouldn't participate.Do you think this possibility will be helped or hindered when she discovers your Luke Sky-walker no-more-tears shampoo? Event A: a beautiful woman stands naked in our shower.Event B: we drive halfway across town to retrieve a television set from the aforementioned woman's ex-boyfriend.On what plane of existence is there even a semi-rational link between these events? That may be the proximal cause of our journey,but we both know it only exists in contradistinction to the higher level distal cause that You think with your penis.There's some kind of dispute between Penny and her ex-boyfriend as to who gets custody of the TV.If I were to give up on the first little hitch I never would have been able to identify the fingerprints of string theory in the aftermath of the big bang.It was a valid hypothesis.It would be gastronomically redundant.Excuse me, your entire argument is predicated on the assumption that Superman's flight is a feat of strength.It is an extension of his ability to leap tall buildings,an ability he derives from exposure to Earth's yellow sun.We are the intellectual descendants of Archimedes.Give me a fulcrum and a lever and I can move the Earth.You do understand that our efforts here will in no way increase the odds of you having sexual congress with this woman. Explain to me an organizational system where a tray of flatware on a couch is valid.I'm just inferring that this is a couch because the evidence suggests the coffee table is having a tiny garage sale.Did it ever occur to you that not everyone has the compulsive need to sort, organize and label the entire world around them? Hard as it may be for you to believe,most people don't sort their breakfast cereal numerically by fiber content.Because it was immaculate.I couldn't sleep knowing that just outside my bedroom was our living room, and immediately adjacent to the hallway was this.Its reasonableness will be determined by a jury of your peers.Evolution has made women sensitive to high-pitched noises while they sleep so that they'll be roused by a crying baby.A well-known folk cure for insomnia is to break in your neighbor's apartment and clean.Sheldon: Granted, my methods may have been somewhat unorthodox,but I think the end result will be a measurable enhancement to Penny's quality of life.Is your objection solely to our presence in the apartment while you were sleeping,or do you also object to the imposition of a new organizational paradigm.Just as Oppenheimer came regret to his contribution to the first atomic bomb,so too I regret my participation, at least error in judgment.The hallmark of the great human experiment is the willingness to recognize one's mistakes.Some mistakes，such as Madam Curie discovered radium，turned out to have great scientific potential,even though she would later die a slow, death from radiation poisoning.These instructions are a pictographic representation of the least imaginative way to assemble these components.Anyway, it occurs to me if I ever did perfect a time machine,I would just go into the past and give it to myself,thus eliminating the need for me to invent it in the first place."How fortunate for you that the university's chosen to hire you,despite the fact that you've done no original research in 25 years,and instead have written a series of popular books that reduce the great concepts of science to a series of anecdotes,each one dumb down to accommodate the duration of an average bowel movement.A more plausible explanation is that his work in robotics has made an amazing leap forward.In my defense, I prefaced that by saying, "with all due respect."This would be one of those circumstances that people unfamiliar with the law of large numbers would call a coincidence.I'm taking a sabbatical because I won't kowtow to mediocre minds.Is your body mass somehow tied into your self-worth？We'll be occupying the same space as that Buick in front of us, an impossibility that nature will quickly resolve into death, mutilation.This is a natural human process, and we're talking about statistically significant savings.Scrambled eggs are as good as they're ever going to be.Mum’s the word.。

DescriptionEdwards Catalog Series 332EX, 333EX, 340EX and 435EX Adaptabel Bells are heavy duty, UL listed audible signal-ing appliances intended for use in hazardous locations.The 332EX and 333EX series are single stroke bells suit-able for use in coded signaling applications such as tim-ing, scheduling, paging, or alarm. The 340EX and 435EX series are vibrating bells suitable for use in general sig-naling and alarm applications. The 332EX and 340EX se-ries are ac-powered and the 333EX and 435EX series are dc-powered. The bells are electromechanical devices and utilize solid state components. They are Outdoor Type 4listed. All series of the bells are listed for installation in the following hazardous locations:Installation Instructions for Catalog Series 332EX, 333EX, 340EX and 435EX Adaptabel Bells for Use in Hazardous LocationsMechanical SpecificationsDimensionsWith 6" gong ......7" (178 mm) H x 5" (127 mm) D With 8" gong 9" (229 mm) H x 5 1/8" (130 mm) D With 10" gong11" (279 mm) H x 5 1/4" (133 mm) D WeightWith 6" gong .......................5 1/4 pounds (2.4 kg)With 8" gong .............................7 pounds (3.2 kg)With 10" gong .....................8 1/4 pounds (3.8 kg)InstallationThe following items (not supplied) are required for instal-lation of the bell:•3/4" conduit to contain power supply and ground wires •One 3/4" NPT nipple•One conduit outlet box suitable for use in the hazardous location•Two fasteners up to 3/8" diameter and washers suitable for securing bell to mounting surface.•Two wire nuts.The bell can be mounted to any solid surface. Install bell as follows:1.See Figure 1. Remove cover from conduit outlet box.Feed the two wires from the applicable power sourceElectrical SpecificationsP-047550-0585 ISSUE 6 © 2005CHESHIRE, CT 203-699-3300 CUST. SERV. FAX 203-699-3365 TECH SERV. FAX 203-699-3078through conduit and into outlet box. Also, feed the bell's two wire leads through nipple and into box.Secure bell, nipple, and conduit to box.2.Remove gong from bell. Place bell against mountingsurface and mark mounting hole positions for fasteners per dimensions in Figure 2. Install fasteners with washers through mounting brackets and secure bell to surface. Replace gong in original orientation.is positive (+), black wire is negative (-). Replace cover on outlet box.4.Apply power to the bell and verify that it sounds.Maintenance and Maintenance and TT est Examine the bell annually for accumulation of dirt and clean when necessary.Test the bell annually or at the intervals required by ap-plicable regulations and codes.P-047550-0585 ISSUE 6PAGE 23.Connect power supply wires to bell wires using wirenuts. For a dc-powered bell, observe polarity--red wire。