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(1)DNA复制不准确性
DNA复制是严格而精确的事件,但也可能发生 错误。虽然有碱基互补配对和 pol的校正作用, 但错配率仍有10 -10 左右。
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染色体上有些位点是热点,复制错误率高
These mutation-prone sequences are repeats of simple di-, tri- or tetranucleotide sequences, which are known as DNA microsatellites.
• But DNA also undergoes spontaneous damage depends on an aqueous environment
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① 电离辐射
Ionizing (x-and γ-rays)and nonionizing (UV)radiation produce a variety of DNA lesions. 受到紫外线照射时,DNA链上相邻的嘧啶以共价键连接形成二聚 体。
One well-known example involves repeats of the dinucleotide sequence CA. Stretches of CA repeats are found at many widely scattered sites in the chromosomes of humans and some other eukaryotes.
• Other kinds of damage create altered bases that have no immediate structural consequence on replication but cause mispairing; these can result in a permanent alteration to the DNA sequence after replication.