单词后缀词性
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1、名词后缀
(1)-or/er.ess,表做某件事情或职业的人或物,如:worker, debtor, actress;
(2)-acy,表性质、状态、境遇等,如:democracy, accuracy, diplomacy;
(3)-ance/ence, 表性质、状况、行为、过程、程度等,如:importance, diligence, difference;
(4)-ancy/ency,表性质、状态、行为,过程等,如:frequency, urgency, efficiency;
(5)-bility, 表动作、性质、状态等,如:possibility, flexibility, feasibility;
(6)-dom, 表等级、领域、状态等,如:freedom, kingdom, wisdom;
(7)-hood, 表资格、身份、年纪等,如:childhood, manhood, falsehood;
(8)-ion/sion/tion/ation/ition, 表行为的过程、结果、状况等,如:action, solution, conclusion, expectation, expression, correction;
(9)-ism, 表制度、主义、学说、信仰、行为等,如:socialism, criticism, colloquialism;
(10)-ity, 表性质、状态、程度等,如:purity, reality, ability, calamity;
(11)-ment, 表行为、状态、过程、手段及其结果等,如:treatment, movement, judgment;
(12)-ness,表性质、状态、程度等,如:goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness;
(13)-ship, 表情况、性质、技巧、身份、职业等,如:hardship, membership, friendship;
(14)-th, 表动作、性质、过程、状态等,如: depth, wealth, truth, length, growth;
(15)-tude, 表性质、状态、程度等,如: attitude, latitude, altitude;
(16)-ure, 表行为、结果等,如:exposure, pressure, failure, procedure;
(17)-grapy, 表学科、写法等,如:biography, calligraphy, geography;
(18)-ic/ics, 表学科、方法等,如:logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics;
(19)-ology, 表学科、理论等,如:biology, zoology, technology;
(20)-nomy, 表学科、学术等,如:astronomy, economy。
2、形容词后缀
(1)-able/ible, 表值得、可以,如:visible, flexible;
(2)名词-ish,表……的、有点……的,如:foolish,
bookish, selfish;
(3)-ive, 表……的,如:active, sensitive, productive;
(4)-like, 表像……的,如:manlike, childlike;
(5)名词-ly, 表……的,如:manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly;
(6)-some, 表……的,如:troublesome, handsome;
(7)-ful,表……的,如:beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful;
(8)-ous, 表……的,如:dangerous, generous, courageous, various;
(9)-ent, 表……的,如:dependent, violent;
(10)-most, 表最……的,如:foremost, topmost;
(11)-less, 表否定,如:countless, stainless, wireless。
3、动词后缀
(1)-ize/ise, 表做成、变成、使……化,如:modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize;
(2)-en, 表使成为、引起,使有,如:quicken, weaken, soften, harden;
(3)-fy, 表使……化、使成,如:beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify;
(4)-ish, 表使……、令……,如:finish, abolish,
diminish, establish;
(5)-ate, 表示成为……、处理、作用,如:separate, operate, indicate。
4、副后词后缀
(1)形容词-ly, 表……地,如:badly, carefully, highly;
(2)-wise, 表朝向……,如:clockwise, likewise;
(3)-wards, 表朝向……,如:outwards, northwards。