南昌大学考博英语模拟试题及其解析

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The government has decided to an investigation into the increase in deaths from drugs.问题1选项A.initiateB.generateC.conspireD.negotiate【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

initiate “开始，创造”；generate “使形成”；conspire “共谋，协力”；negotiate “谈判，交涉”。

句意：政府决定对毒品致死人数的增加进行调查。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题The most technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.问题1选项A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

Prominent “显著的，突出的”；prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive “能生产的” ；prevalent “流行的，普遍的”。

句意：二十世纪最卓越的技术可能是计算机革命。

选项A符合题意。

3.单选题While in London, we paid a visit to the hospital founded the nurse Florence Nightingale.问题1选项A.in favor ofB.in honor ofC.in line withD.in place of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。

in favor of “支持，赞同”；in honor of “为纪念”；in line with “符合，与……一致”；in place of “替代”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The football club will new members the first week next month.问题1选项A.subscribeB.absorbC.registerD.recruit【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

Subscribe “签署”；absorb “吸收；吸引”；register “登记”；recruit “征募”。

句意：下个月第一周这个足球俱乐部会招募新成员。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and the quick pace of modern life, but manners in the roads are becoming horrible. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheels. It is all very well, again to have a tiger in the tank, but to have one in the driver’s seat is another matter altogether. You might tolerate the odd road-hog, the rude and inconsiderate drive, but nowadays the well-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a “Be kind to other drivers” campaign; otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road politeness is not only good manner, but good sense, too. It takes the most cool-headed and good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to revenge when subjected to uncivilized behavior. On the other hand, a little politeness goes a long way towards relieving the tensions of motoring. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of politeness helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem modern traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of politeness are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays do n’t even seem able to recognize politeness when they see it. However, misplaced politeness can also be dangerous. Typical examples are the driver who brakes violently to allow a car to emerge from a side street at some hazard to following traffic, when a few seconds later the road would be clear anyway; or the man who waves a child across a zebra crossing into the path of oncoming vehicles that may be unable to stop in time. The same goes for encouraging old ladies to cross the road wherever and whenever they care to. It always amazes me that the highways are not covered with dead bodies of these grannies.A veteran driver, whose manners are faultless, told me it would help if motorists learnt to filter correctly into traffic streams one at a time without causing the total blockages that gives rise to bad temper. Unfortunately, modern motorists can’t even learn to drive, let alone master the subtler aspects of roadmanship. Years ago the experts warned us that the car ownership explosion would demand a lot more give-and-take from all road users. It is high time for all of us to take this message to heart.1. According to this passage, troubles on the road are mainly caused by .2. The sentence “You might tolerate the odd road-hog...the rule” (Para. A.1)implies that_________.3. By “good sense”, the writer means .4. Experts have long pointed out that in the face of car-ownership explosion, ______.5. In the writer’s opinion, ______.问题1选项A.people’s attitude towards road-hogB.the rhythm of modern lifeC.the behavior of the driverD.traffic conditions问题2选项A.our society is unjust towards well-mannered motoristsB.rude drivers can be met occasionallyC.the well-mannered motorist cannot tolerate the road-hogD.nowadays impolite drivers constitute a majority of motorists问题3选项A.the driver’s ability to understand and react reasonablyB.the driver’s prompt response to difficulty and severe conditionsC.the driver’s tolerance of rude or even savage behaviorD.the driver’s acknowl edgement of politeness and regulations问题4选项A.road users should make more sacrificeB.drivers should be ready to yield to each otherC.drivers should have more communication among themselvesD.drivers will suffer great loss if they pay no respect to others问题5选项A.strict traffic regulations are badly neededB.drivers should apply road politeness properlyC.rude drivers should be punishedD.drivers should avoid traffic jams【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle.问题1选项A.touchedB.touchingC.being touchedD.touches【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。

根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因此可知只能选择非谓语动词。

再判断出Iceland与Arctic Circle是主动关系，因此选项B符合题意。

句意：冰岛位于大西洋北部，最北端与北极圈相接。

2.单选题______ his knowledge and academic background, he is basically stupid.问题1选项A.But forB.According toC.For allD.Thanks to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。

but for “要不是；如果没有”；according to “根据，依据”；for all “尽管，虽然”；thanks to “由于，幸亏”。

句意：尽管他知识渊博，也受过教育，但本质上是愚蠢的。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题The most technological success in the twentieth century is probably the computer revolution.问题1选项A.prominentB.prosperousC.productiveD.prevalent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

Prominent “显著的，突出的”；prosperous “繁荣的，兴旺的”；productive “能生产的” ；prevalent “流行的，普遍的”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题I am one of the many city people who are always saying that given the choice we would prefer to live in the country away from the dirt and noise of a large city. I have managed to convince myself that if it weren’t for my job I would immediately head out f or the open spaces and go back to nature in some sleepy village buried in the country. But how realistic is the dream?Cities can be frightening places. The majority of the population lives in massive tower blocks, noisy, dirty and impersonal. The sense of belonging to a community tends to disappear when you live fifteen floors up. All you can see from your window is sky, or blocks of flats. Children become aggressive and nervous -- — cooped up at home all day, with nowhere to play; their mothers feel isolated from the rest of the world. D.Strangely enough, whereas in the past the inhabitants of one street all knew each other, nowadays people on the same floor in tower blocks don't even say hello to each other.Country life, on the other hand, differs from this kind of isolated existence in that a sense of community generally binds the inhabitants of small villages together. People have the advantage of knowing that there is always someone to turn to when they need help. But country life has disadvantages too. While it is true that you may be among friends in a village, it is also true that you are cut off from the exciting and important events that take place in cities. There’s little possibility of going to a new show or the latest movie. Shopping becomes a major problem, and for anything slightly out of the ordinary you have to go on an expedition to the nearest large town. The city-dweller who leaves for the country is often oppressed by a sense of unbearable stillness and quiet.What, then, is the answer? The country has the advantage of peace and quiet, but suffers from the disadvantage of being cut off; the city breeds a feeling of isolation, and constant noise batters the senses. But one of its main advantages is that you are at the centre of things, and that life doesn’t come to an end at half-past nine at night. Some people have found (or rather bought) a compromise between the two: they have expressed their preference for the “quiet life” by leaving the suburbs and moving to villages within commuting d istance of large cities. They generally have about as much sensitivity as the plastic flowers they leave behind—they are polluted with strange ideas about change and improvement which they force on to the unwilling original inhabitants of the villages.Wha t then of my dreams of leaning on a cottage gate and murmuring “morning” to the locals as they pass by. I’m keen on the idea, but you see there’s my cat, Toby. I’m not at all sure that he would take to all that fresh air and exercise in the long grass. I mean, can you see him mixing with all those hearty males down the farm? No, he would rather have the electric imitation-coal fire any evening.1. We get the impression from the first paragraph that the author .2. In the author’s opinion, the following may cause city people to be unhappy EXCEPT .3. The passage implies that it is easy to buy the following things in the country EXCEPT_______.4. According to the passage, which of the following adjectives best describes those people who work in large cities and live in villages?5. Do you think the author will move to the country?问题1选项ed to live in the countryed to work in the cityC.lives in the countryD.works in the city问题2选项ck of communicationB.a strong sense of fearC.housing conditionsD.a sense of isolation问题3选项A.designer clothesB.daily necessitiesC.fresh fruitsD.fresh vegetables问题4选项A.OriginalB.HospitableC.ArrogantD.Insensitive问题5选项A.Yes, he will do soB.It is difficult to tellC.No, he will not do soD.He is in two minds【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题We must effectively promote the ______ of hunger because every day in Africa and in many areas in Asia children are dying of hunger.问题1选项A.awarenessB.pressureC.consciousnessD.relief【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

awareness “意识”，指人对某事物的认识；pressure “压力”；consciousness “意识”，指人的清醒程度；relief “减轻，救济”。

句意：我们必须要提高对饥饿的认识，因为在非洲和亚洲许多地区每天都有孩子死于饥饿。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题The new designs of the Christmas stamps are always waited for with keen .问题1选项A.irritationB.predictionC.receptionD.anticipation【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。

irritation “刺激，激怒”；prediction “预报，预言”；reception “接待，接收”；anticipation “预料，预期”。

句意：人们总是热切地期待着新设计的圣诞邮票。

选项D 符合题意。

3.单选题______ all our kindness to help her; Sara refused to listen.问题1选项A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】D【解析】考查介词词义辨析。

at “在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in “在……内”；for “对；为了”；on “在……之上；对于，关于”。

句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题These days, Jenny has consumed a lot and has a whole of bills waiting to be paid.问题1选项A.stackB.pileC.numberD.sequence【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。

a stack of bills “一堆账单”。

句意：这些天，珍妮买了很多东西，有大堆账单等着支付。

选项A符合题意。

2.单选题TBA Industrial Products produces asbestos (石棉) textiles for brake linings. The company is just instituting a programme to reduce the asbestos in the air at the plant to a maximum 0.5 fibers per milliliter of air—the control limit imposed by the Health and Safety Executive irresponsible. With constant exposure to that level, according to a report by an Ontario Royal Commission, between one and four out of 100 people working for 25 years could expect to die of a asbestos-related cancer. Yet David Gee, health and safety officer of the General, Municipal and Boiler-makers Union, accepts that the company should go no lower. Why? Problem number one is assessing the risk and the difference that proposed safety measures would make to it. There are three basic categories, to which the HSE’s policy-makers work—in the jargon, corpses, cancers and catastrophes.“Corpses” are the victims of one-off accidents. A wealth of evidence on such accidents exists, and the effects of measures to combat them are easily calculated. “Cancers”, the killer diseases that can arise from working long periods in unsafe environments, are harder to assess. The diseases may not appear until years after the process was first initiated, and the relationship between cause and effect is often controversial. Assessing the potential for “catastrophes” — -like Bhopal, Seveso or Flixborough_ in which tens of thousands of people can be affected is harder still. Such events are exceedingly rare so they cannot be predicted on the basis of past experience. Instead engineering experts think of everything that could go wrong—and of the things that could go wrong with the precautions. The probability of an accident is then expressed in terms of the number of likely catastrophes per 10,000 years, usually a fraction of one. This process yields an estimate of the risk of loss of life for each plant or process. The next stage is to put a money value on it.The classic economist’s calculation uses what is called the “human capital” approach. The dead person is valued as a machine who would otherwise have produced goods.This callous calculus made no allowance for what most people would regard as the main cost of a lost life-the pain, grief and suffering. That has now changed, thanks to work by Professor Michael Jones-Lee and his colleagues at Newcastle University. They asked members of the public what risks they would be prepared to run for what overall rewards. This process yields estimates of the subjective value of lives. The answer seems to come out between £ lm and £ 2m.1. Why is TBA Industrial Products about to reduce asbestos levels in the air at their plant?2. “Cancers” are harder to assess than “corpses” because .3. What does t he assessment of the potential for “catastrophes” rely on?4. The writer suggests that the “human capital” approach is .5. A typical question posed by Professor Jones-Lee and his colleagues would have been:问题1选项A.To comply with a report by the Ontario Royal CommissionB.Because the Union is demanding stricter safety measuresC.Because present levels are above those set by the HSED.To improve the quality of their brake linings问题2选项A.the safety measures employed vary a great dealB.Tthere are far more of themC.Tthe wealth of evidence has not yet been analyzedD.Iit is difficult to trace the cause of some diseases问题3选项A.An analysis of a few past disasters.B.Mathematical probability calculations.C.A comparison of “cancers” and “corpses”.D.Reports of a company’s capital.问题4选项A.unreliable and riskyB.invaluable and subjectiveC.too rough and readyD.clinical and inhumane问题5选项A.How much do you think a person’s life is worth?B.Would you say you enjoy taking risks at work?C.How much would you work in an asbestos factory for?D.What reward would you expect for saving someone's life?【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D 第5题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题亚洲是地球上最大的洲，面积占世界陆地近百分之三十，人口约占世界总人口的百分之六十。

亚洲有巨大的市场需求潜力和坚实的发展基础。

它还富有自然和人力资源。

它有悠久的历史和文化。

亚洲的多元文化生机勃勃，促进了它的发展。

目前，世界正步入多元化的进程，经济全球化日益突出。

这给亚洲提供了新的机遇，同时也使它面临着挑战。

【答案】Asia is the largest continent on earth, with nearly 30 percent of the world land area and 60 percent of the world population. Asia has a huge market with big potential and a solid foundation for development. It is also rich in natural and human resources. It has a long history and culture. The diversity of cultures in Asia is alive and has contributed to its development. At present, the world is entering the process of diversification, and economic globalization is increasingly prominent, which presents Asia with new opportunities as well as challenges.2.单选题It is not uncommon for there ______ problems of communication between the old and the young. 问题1选项A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.翻译题我们既面临难得的机遇，也面临严峻的挑战。

地区热点问题错综复杂，南北差距进一步拉大。

国际恐怖势力、民族分裂势力、极端宗教势力在一些地区还相当活跃。

【答案】We are faced with both rare opportunities and severe challenges. The hotspot issues in some regions remain complicated and thorny. The wealth gap between the North and South continues to widen. International terrorists, ethnic separatists and religious extremists in some areas of the world remain rampant.2.单选题An astonishing fact that the murderer of the general manager was his own brother.问题1选项A.came outB.found outC.exposedD.came to light【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

Come out “出现；出版”；find out “找出”；expose “揭露，揭发”；come to light “暴露，真相大白”。

句意：一个惊人的事实被揭露：杀害总经理的凶手竟然是他的兄弟。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题Although most dreams apparently happen , dream activity may be provoked by external influences.问题1选项A.spontaneouslyB.instantlyC.automaticallyD.simultaneously【答案】A【解析】考查副词词义辨析。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题The ______ cause of death today in Britain is heart disease, with cancer in second place.问题1选项A.initialB.previousC.subsequentD.prime【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。

initial “最初的，第一的”；previous “以前的，早先的”；subsequent “随后的”；prime “主要的，最好的”。

句意：如今，英国人的主要死亡原因是心脏病，癌症位居第二。

选项D符合题意。

2.单选题I didn’t send out my application form last week, but I .问题1选项A.had toB.would doC.should haveD.might have to 【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。

should have done表示“本应该做某事而实际上没做”。

句意：我上周没有提交申请表格，这本是我应该去做的。

选项C符合题意。

3.单选题Sometimes patients suffering from severe pain can be helped by “drugs” that aren't really drugs at all ______ sugar pills that contain no active chemical elements.问题1选项A.or ratherB.rather thanC.other thanD.but rather【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。

or rather “倒不如说”；rather than “而不是”；other than“除了，不同于”；but rather “而是”。

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南昌大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析AB卷（带答案）一.综合题(共15题)1.单选题______ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.问题1选项A.Had they arrivedB.Would they arriveC.Were they arrivingD.Were they to arrive【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。

根据时间状语the day after tomorrow，可知讲述的是将来，因此从句的谓语动词可以用动词过去式，或should+动词原形，或were+不定式。

根据四个选项可知，此处是省略了if的虚拟语气，因此选项D符合题意。

句意：如果他们后天在我们出发之前到达，我们将有一个愉快的晚宴。

2.单选题In a seminar, everyone should take part rather than allow one person to ______ the discussion. 问题1选项A.overwhelmB.dominateC.oppressD.determine 【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。

overwhelm “淹没，压倒”；dominate “控制，支配”；oppress “压迫，压抑”；determine “决定；确定”。

根据关键信息everyone should take part（每个人都参与）与 one person（一个人），可知前后是两者对比，因此选项B符合题意。

句意：在研讨会上，每个人都应该参与讨论而不是让一个人来主导。

3.单选题______ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。