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为什么油费上涨英语作文With the recent increase in oil prices, the cost offuel has been on the rise. This has led to higher prices at the gas pump, putting a strain on consumers and businesses alike. There are several factors contributing to the increase in oil prices, including supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical tensions, and economic factors.One of the main reasons for the increase in oil pricesis the imbalance between supply and demand. As global economies continue to recover from the effects of theCOVID-19 pandemic, the demand for oil has been steadily increasing. This has put pressure on oil producers to ramp up production in order to meet this growing demand. However, factors such as production cuts by major oil-producing countries and supply chain disruptions have limited the ability of producers to increase output, leading to a shortage of oil in the market and driving up prices.Geopolitical tensions have also played a role in theincrease in oil prices. Conflicts in oil-producing regions such as the Middle East have disrupted oil production and transportation, leading to supply shortages and price spikes. Additionally, sanctions imposed on major oil-producing countries such as Iran and Venezuela have further constrained the global oil supply, putting upward pressure on prices.Economic factors have also contributed to the increase in oil prices. Inflationary pressures, driven by factors such as rising commodity prices and supply chain disruptions, have pushed up the cost of production for oil producers. This has been passed on to consumers in the form of higher fuel prices, as oil companies seek to maintain their profit margins in the face of rising costs.The increase in oil prices has had a significant impact on consumers and businesses. For consumers, higher fuel prices mean increased costs for transportation and heating, leading to a decrease in disposable income. This can have a ripple effect on the economy, as consumers cut back on spending in other areas in order to offset the higher costof fuel. Businesses, especially those that rely heavily on fuel for their operations, have also been affected by the increase in oil prices. Higher fuel costs can eat into profit margins, forcing businesses to raise prices or cut back on production in order to remain competitive.In conclusion, the increase in oil prices can be attributed to a combination of factors, including supply and demand dynamics, geopolitical tensions, and economic factors. While the rise in oil prices has had a negative impact on consumers and businesses, it is important for policymakers to address the root causes of the increase in order to ensure a stable and affordable energy supply for all.。
里昂证券中国奢侈品市场增长原因英语作文The global luxury market was hit hard by the epidemic of Xinguan, which is expected to fall 25% to 45% in 2022 compared with last year. The Chinese market has been the first to recover thanks to the proper control of the epidemic. CLSA made the following analysis on the reasons for the growth of China's luxury market:1. The income level of urban and rural residents in China has been greatly improvedChina's economy has maintained steady and rapid development, and has always taken improving the people's living standards as the fundamental starting point and goal. The people's living standards have improved significantly. The consumption level has been continuously improved, and the overall quality of life has improved significantly.2. Rich people in China are growingWith the rapid development of China's economy, the wealthy class in China is growing rapidly, and the scale of high net worth individuals is also expanding year by year. As of 2016, the number of high net worth individuals in mainland China was about 1.34 million, an increase of 130000 over the previous year, with a growth rate of 10.7%; The number of high net worth individuals was about 89000, an increase of 11000 over the previous year, with a growth rate of 14.1%.3. Credit card consumption helps the rise of domestic luxury consumption marketThe survey shows that consumers are most inclined to borrow money to buy more expensive products such as watches and jewelry. In addition, Chinese consumers are increasingly using credit cards to pay, and only a few respondents use installment payment. The rise in the use of credit cards will stimulate China's luxury consumption.。
去年，联合利华、宝洁等几大日化巨头涨价，曾被相关部门约谈，领涨者联合利华还因散布涨价消息吃了200万元的罚单。
而距离上次调整中国产品价格还不到一年，宝洁又再次涨价，从4月1日起，宝洁旗下的海飞丝、沙宣对经销商的出货价上调了10%~20%。
是什么原因驱动宝洁再次走到涨价的风口浪尖上，而宝洁又是采取什么策略让市场接受其涨价？涨价的深层策略一位不愿透露姓名的业内人士告诉《第一财经日报》记者，像宝洁这样的跨国公司每年都有一定的额目标，股东对其也有一定的业绩要求，因此它在不同的地区会采取不同的策略。
特别是宝洁今年1月27日的财报显示，去年第四季净盈利从上年同期的33.3亿美元（合每股1.11美元），降至16.9亿美元（合每股57美分），净利润降幅达到49%。
在销量稳定的欧美地区，增量上涨有限，宝洁就采取更多削减开支的方式，比如宝洁2月初宣布本年度裁减1600个非制造岗位人员，很快又表示计划在2013年6月前再裁员4100人，而这些人员将主要是在欧美地区。
而在中国由于消费潜力巨大、增长也高于其他地区，而且从2011年到2016年5年间有10亿美元的投资计划，并且宝洁CEO还曾表示，希望在发展中国家寻求增长机会，未来十年要在印度和中国等国家再新增10亿新消费者，因此宝洁采取的是升级涨价的方式来增加额。
从2011年上半年以来，中东、北非地缘政治局势动荡引发市场对原油供应的担忧，推动国际石油价格的高位震荡，也严重影响石油衍生品为主要原料的日化行业。
对于全球净利润的大幅下滑，宝洁方面也表示主要是由于材料成本的上升。
但上述业内人士告诉记者，原材料价格仅是洗发水类日化产品中的很小部分，比如有机硅油即便每吨上涨1000元，分摊到每瓶洗发水里面也是非常小的比例。
在他看来，运营成本的上升，包括人员劳动力成本、渠道维护与拓展、代理商返点、广告营销费用等才是其成本上涨的大头。
宝洁2011年度财报可以证实这一点，公司在过去两年里的广告支出增长了24%，而同期营收仅增长了6%。
油价上涨新闻英语作文英文回答：The surge in oil prices has sent shockwaves through the global economy, leaving consumers and businesses alike reeling from the impact. While the causes of the price hike are multifaceted, the consequences are far-reaching and undeniable.The primary factor driving the increase in oil prices is the geopolitical turmoil surrounding the Russia-Ukraine conflict. Russia, a major oil producer, has faced unprecedented sanctions from the international community, leading to a disruption in its oil exports. This supply shock has created a tighter market, driving prices upward.Another contributing factor is the global economic recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic. As businesses reopen and travel restrictions ease, demand for oil has rebounded sharply. This surge in demand, coupled with the supplyconstraints caused by the Russia-Ukraine conflict, has put further pressure on oil prices.The consequences of rising oil prices are widespread and significant. Consumers are bearing the brunt of the impact, facing higher costs at the gas pump and for heating their homes. Businesses, too, are feeling the strain, with increased transportation and energy costs eroding their margins.The transportation sector is particularly vulnerable to fuel price increases. For example, airlines have been forced to pass on higher jet fuel costs to passengers in the form of increased ticket prices. Similarly, trucking companies are facing higher diesel fuel costs, which are passed on to consumers through higher shipping rates.The impact on businesses extends beyond transportation. For instance, manufacturers rely on oil-derived plastics and feedstocks, and price increases in these materials are putting upward pressure on production costs. This, in turn, leads to higher prices for consumers.Moreover, rising oil prices can have serious implications for inflation. As businesses pass on higher costs to consumers, consumer prices rise, potentially leading to a vicious cycle of inflation. This has the potential to erode the value of savings and reduce purchasing power.The global economy is interconnected, and the surge in oil prices has far-reaching consequences. Consumers, businesses, and governments alike are feeling the pinch, and the full impact of the price hikes is still unfolding.中文回答：油价上涨的消息无疑在全球经济中引起了轩然大波，消费者和企业都饱受其害。
中国奢侈品市场不断增大的原因英文作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Chinese luxury market has been experiencing significant growth in recent years, with more and more consumers showing a strong interest in high-end products. There are several reasons behind this trend, which are worth exploring.First and foremost, China's booming economy has played a crucial role in driving the expansion of the luxury market. As the country's GDP continues to grow at a rapid pace, more people are enjoying increased levels of disposable income. This has enabled a larger portion of the population to afford luxury items, leading to a surge in demand for high-end products.Furthermore, the rise of the middle and upper classes in China has created a new segment of consumers who are willing to spend on luxury goods. These individuals value quality, exclusivity, and prestige, and are willing to pay a premium for products that reflect their status and success. As a result, luxury brands have been able to tap into this affluent demographic andtailor their marketing strategies to meet their specific needs and preferences.In addition, the influence of social media and digital platforms cannot be overlooked when considering the growth of the luxury market in China. With the rise of online shopping and social media platforms like WeChat and Weibo, consumers are now more exposed to a wide range of luxury brands and products than ever before. This has made it easier for consumers to research, compare, and purchase luxury items, leading to a surge in online sales for luxury brands.Another key factor driving the growth of the Chinese luxury market is the increasing trend of "consumer nationalism." Many Chinese consumers take pride in purchasing luxury goods from domestic brands, as they believe it reflects positively on China's growing status as a global economic powerhouse. This trend has led to a surge in demand for luxury products from Chinese brands, further fueling the growth of the domestic luxury market.Overall, the Chinese luxury market's continuous expansion can be attributed to a combination of factors, including the country's strong economy, the rise of the middle and upper classes, the influence of social media, and consumer nationalism. As more Chinese consumers continue to show an interest inluxury products, it is expected that the market will continue to grow and evolve in the coming years.篇2The rapidly growing luxury market in China has been a topic of much discussion and analysis in recent years. With an increasing number of Chinese consumers willing to spend more on high-end products, the Chinese luxury market continues to expand at a staggering rate. In this essay, we will explore the reasons behind the continuous growth of the luxury market in China.One of the main reasons for the growth of the luxury market in China is the rise of the middle and upper class. As China's economy continues to grow, more and more people are moving into higher income brackets. This has created a larger consumer base for luxury brands, as people now have more disposable income to spend on high-end products.Furthermore, the younger generation in China is becoming increasingly interested in luxury goods. With the rise of social media and the influence of celebrities and influencers, young Chinese consumers are exposed to luxury brands more than ever before. This has led to a growing desire for luxury productsamong young people in China, further driving the growth of the luxury market.In addition, the Chinese government's efforts to crack down on corruption and promote domestic consumption have also contributed to the growth of the luxury market. With stricter regulations on gift-giving and a push for more sustainable economic growth, Chinese consumers are increasingly turning to luxury goods as a way to show their wealth and status.Moreover, the growth of e-commerce in China has made it easier for consumers to access luxury products. With platforms like Tmall and offering a wide range of luxury brands, Chinese consumers no longer have to travel abroad to purchase high-end products. This has made luxury goods more accessible to a larger audience, further fueling the growth of the luxury market in China.Overall, the continuous growth of the luxury market in China can be attributed to a combination of factors including the rise of the middle and upper class, the increasing interest of young consumers in luxury goods, government policies promoting domestic consumption, and the growth of e-commerce. As China's economy continues to grow and evolve, it is likely thatthe luxury market will continue to expand, presenting new opportunities for luxury brands to thrive in the Chinese market.篇3The Chinese luxury goods market continues to expand at a rapid pace, driven by a combination of factors. In this essay, we will explore some of the main reasons behind this trend.First and foremost, one of the key drivers of the growth in the Chinese luxury goods market is the country's booming economy. As China's economy has continued to grow over the past few decades, so too has the purchasing power of its consumers. This has led to a burgeoning middle class with disposable income to spend on luxury goods and experiences.Secondly, Chinese consumers are becoming increasingly sophisticated and knowledgeable about luxury brands. As the country has opened up to the rest of the world, Chinese consumers have been exposed to a wide range of international luxury brands and products. This exposure has created a strong demand for luxury goods among Chinese consumers, who are eager to showcase their wealth and status through the products they buy.Another factor driving the growth of the Chinese luxury goods market is the rise of e-commerce. With the proliferation of online shopping platforms and social media channels, Chinese consumers now have easier access to a wide variety of luxury goods from around the world. This has made it more convenient for Chinese consumers to purchase luxury products, driving overall demand in the market.In addition, the Chinese government's efforts to crack down on corruption and promote domestic consumption have also played a role in driving the growth of the luxury goods market. With strict regulations in place, Chinese consumers are increasingly turning to luxury goods as a way to signal their wealth and social status in a more subtle and discreet manner.Furthermore, the rise of social media influencers and celebrities in China has also contributed to the popularity of luxury goods in the country. Chinese consumers are heavily influenced by the lifestyles and fashion choices of their favorite celebrities, leading them to seek out the same luxury products that their idols use.In conclusion, the Chinese luxury goods market continues to grow at a rapid pace due to a combination of factors including the country's booming economy, the increasing sophistication ofChinese consumers, the rise of e-commerce, government policies, and the influence of social media. As these trends continue to evolve, it is likely that the Chinese luxury goods market will only continue to expand in the years to come.。
汽油涨价了怎么说英语作文Title: The Impact of Rising Gasoline Prices。
In recent times, the issue of rising gasoline prices has become a significant concern for many individuals and communities. This phenomenon has sparked discussions on its causes, consequences, and potential solutions. In this essay, we will delve into the various aspects of this topic and explore its implications.To begin with, the surge in gasoline prices can be attributed to a multitude of factors. Fluctuations in global oil markets, geopolitical tensions, supply chain disruptions, and changes in government policies all play a role in influencing the cost of gasoline. Additionally, natural disasters, such as hurricanes or earthquakes, can disrupt oil production and distribution, further exacerbating the situation.The repercussions of escalating gasoline prices arefelt across various sectors of society. For consumers, higher fuel costs translate into increased expenses for transportation, leading to a rise in the prices of goods and services. This, in turn, can strain household budgets and diminish purchasing power, particularly for low-income individuals and families. Moreover, businesses may face higher operating costs, prompting them to adjust prices or seek alternative strategies to maintain profitability.Furthermore, rising gasoline prices can have broader economic implications. They can contribute to inflationary pressures, impacting the overall cost of living and eroding the value of currency. This can undermine consumer confidence and dampen economic growth, potentially leading to a slowdown in productivity and investment.In addition to its economic consequences, the surge in gasoline prices also has environmental implications. Higher fuel costs may incentivize individuals and businesses to explore alternative energy sources and adopt more fuel-efficient technologies. This could accelerate thetransition towards renewable energy and contribute toefforts to mitigate climate change. However, it isessential to ensure that such transitions are equitable and inclusive, particularly for communities reliant on traditional energy industries.Addressing the challenge of rising gasoline prices requires a multifaceted approach. Governments can implement policies aimed at stabilizing energy markets, diversifying energy sources, and promoting energy efficiency. Investing in public transportation infrastructure, supporting research and development in clean energy technologies, and incentivizing sustainable practices can all contribute to mitigating the impact of volatile gasoline prices.Moreover, fostering international cooperation and dialogue is crucial in addressing the root causes of fluctuating gasoline prices. Collaborative efforts to enhance energy security, promote transparency in energy markets, and address geopolitical tensions can help create a more stable and sustainable energy landscape.In conclusion, the issue of rising gasoline pricespresents complex challenges with far-reaching implications. While it poses immediate concerns for consumers and businesses alike, it also underscores the need for long-term strategies to build resilience, promote sustainability, and ensure equitable access to energy resources. By addressing the underlying factors driving gasoline price volatility and embracing innovative solutions, we can navigate this challenge and build a more prosperous and sustainable future.。
公司近年来销售额呈明显上升趋势英语作文In recent years, our company has experienced a significant increase in sales. This upward trend in sales can be attributed to a variety of factors that have positively impacted our business operations and market performance.One of the key factors contributing to the rise in sales is our company's focus on product innovation. We have invested heavily in research and development to create new, innovative products that meet the changing needs and preferences of our customers. By continuously introducing new and improved products to the market, we have been able to attract a larger customer base and increase our sales volume.In addition to product innovation, our company has also implemented effective marketing strategies to promote our products and increase brand awareness. Through targeted marketing campaigns, social media engagement, and strategic partnerships, we have been able to reach a wider audience and drive sales growth. Our marketing efforts have helped us differentiate ourselves from competitors and position our products as desirable choices in the market.Furthermore, our company has focused on expanding our distribution channels to reach more customers and increase accessibility to our products. By partnering with new retailers, opening new stores, and expanding our online presence, we have been able to tap into new markets and drive sales growth. This strategic approach to distribution has enabled us to reach a larger and more diverse customer base, leading to increased sales revenue.Another factor that has contributed to the rise in sales is our commitment to customer service and satisfaction. We have placed a strong emphasis on providing exceptional customer service, addressing customer inquiries and concerns promptly, and building long-lasting relationships with our clients. By prioritizing customer satisfaction, we have been able to retain existing customers, attract new ones, and drive repeat purchases, ultimately leading to higher sales figures.Additionally, external factors such as economic growth, market demand, and industry trends have also played a role in driving our company's sales growth. As the economy has improved and consumer confidence has increased, we have benefited from higher consumer spending and increased demand for our products. By staying abreast of market trendsand adjusting our strategies accordingly, we have been able to capitalize on new opportunities and maximize sales revenue.In conclusion, our company's recent increase in sales can be attributed to a combination of internal strategies, external factors, and market dynamics that have positively impacted our business performance. By focusing on product innovation, effective marketing, distribution expansion, customer service, and market trends, we have been able to achieve significant sales growth and position our company for continued success in the future. We are confident that our commitment to excellence, innovation, and customer satisfaction will continue to drive sales growth and propel our company towards even greater achievements in the years to come.。
中国奢侈品销售额增长的原因英语作文China's Luxury Goods Market: Driving Forces Behind the Remarkable GrowthChina's luxury goods market has experienced remarkable growth in recent years, defying global economic uncertainties and emerging as a powerhouse in the global luxury landscape. This surge in demand for high-end products can be attributed to a confluence of factors, ranging from the country's burgeoning middle class and rising affluence to the evolving consumer preferences and the strategic positioning of luxury brands.Burgeoning Middle Class and Rising AffluenceOne of the primary drivers behind China's luxury goods boom is the rapid expansion of the country's middle class. As the Chinese economy has continued to grow, a significant portion of the population has experienced a steady increase in disposable income and purchasing power. According to a report by McKinsey & Company, China's middle class is expected to reach 550 million by 2022, a staggering figure that represents nearly 40% of the country'stotal population.This growing middle class, with its newfound wealth and aspirations, has become a prime target for luxury brands. These consumers are increasingly seeking to signal their social status and personal success through the acquisition of high-end products. The desire to own prestigious brands and the willingness to pay premium prices have fueled the surge in luxury goods sales in China.Furthermore, the rise of China's ultra-high-net-worth individuals has also contributed to the luxury market's growth. China is now hometo the second-largest population of billionaires in the world, with a significant portion of these individuals investing in luxury goods as a means of diversifying their assets and showcasing their wealth.Evolving Consumer PreferencesIn addition to the growing affluence of the Chinese population, the evolving preferences and shopping behaviors of luxury consumers have also played a pivotal role in the market's expansion. Chinese consumers have become increasingly sophisticated and discerning in their luxury purchases, seeking not only status symbols but also products that align with their personal values and lifestyle aspirations.One notable trend is the growing demand for experiential luxury. Chinese consumers are increasingly seeking out luxury experiences,such as exclusive events, personalized services, and immersive brand experiences, in addition to traditional luxury goods. This shift in consumer preferences has led luxury brands to invest heavily in creating unique and memorable experiences for their customers, further enhancing the appeal of their products.Moreover, the rise of e-commerce and the increasing digital savviness of Chinese consumers have also transformed the luxury shopping landscape. Online platforms have provided consumers with greater access to a wider range of luxury products, allowing them to research, compare, and purchase items with ease. This has led luxury brands to invest heavily in their online and omnichannel strategies, ensuring a seamless and engaging shopping experience for their customers.Strategic Positioning of Luxury BrandsThe success of China's luxury goods market can also be attributed to the strategic positioning and marketing efforts of luxury brands in the country. These brands have recognized the immense potential of the Chinese market and have made concerted efforts to cater to the unique preferences and expectations of Chinese consumers.One key strategy employed by luxury brands is the localization of their offerings. By adapting their product lines, marketing campaigns, and store experiences to the Chinese market, these brands havebeen able to establish a stronger connection with their target audience. This includes the development of product collections and collaborations that resonate with Chinese consumers, as well as the incorporation of Chinese cultural elements and aesthetics into their brand identity.Furthermore, luxury brands have invested heavily in expanding their physical presence in China, with the opening of flagship stores in major cities and the establishment of dedicated e-commerce platforms. This physical and digital footprint has allowed these brands to better reach and engage with their Chinese customers, fostering a sense of exclusivity and desirability that is so crucial in the luxury market.Additionally, luxury brands have leveraged the power of digital and social media platforms to connect with Chinese consumers. By partnering with influential KOLs (key opinion leaders) and leveraging the popularity of social media platforms like WeChat and Weibo, these brands have been able to effectively communicate their brand messaging, showcase their products, and create a strong brand following among Chinese luxury consumers.ConclusionThe remarkable growth of China's luxury goods market can be attributed to a confluence of factors, including the burgeoningmiddle class and rising affluence, the evolving consumer preferences, and the strategic positioning of luxury brands in the country. As China continues to emerge as a global economic powerhouse, the luxury goods market is poised to remain a key driver of growth, with brands continuously adapting their strategies to cater to the unique demands and aspirations of Chinese consumers.。
The main causes that lead to the price hike of dailycommodities in ChinaWith the development of economy, the world has showed a trend of the development of economic globalization, every country or region under the influence of other areas, or good or bad, China included. At present ,the price of daily commodities affected by multiple factors both from home and abroad.In my opinion, there are many factors that lead to the price hike of daily commodities in China. The first cause and the prime cause responsible for the rising prices is inflation, in short, currency amount exceeds the actual need, leading to currency devaluation and commodity prices continue to rise.This is the main cause, but not the only cause, there are other factors.The second cause is the supply and demand relation. Price changes are influenced by supply and demand relation. Rapid economic growth to further stimulate the growth of the social needs. There is a phenomenon for goods demand exceeds supply. As a consequence of this, leading to the price hike of daily commodities.The third cause is the rising cost of raw materials and labor costs. This is a direct cause of the rise in prices. Consequently manufacturers have to put more production cost, pay more labor, which can eventually lead to the price hike of daily commodities.The last cause is that the increased the income of urban and rural residents, driving commodity prices to rise. We get more income can stimulate consumption, cause daily commodities demand exceeds supply, will eventually lead to rising prices.In conclusion, the price hike of daily commodities would have a severe effect to our life and production, it would also increase the economic burden of low-income people. Therefore, the government should take corresponding measures to control prices effectively, safeguard the people's normal life.。
China's Luxury Goods Growth AnalysisIn recent years, the Chinese market has witnessed a remarkable surge in the demand for luxury goods, driven bya combination of economic growth, rising disposable incomes, and changing consumer preferences. According to the latest report by CLSA (Credit Lyonnais Securities Asia), thistrend is expected to continue in the coming years, with China becoming one of the key drivers of global luxurygoods growth.The report attributes the growth in the Chinese luxury goods market to several factors. Firstly, the country's robust economic growth has led to a significant increase in the number of affluent consumers. With a growing middleclass and a rapidly expanding upper class, China now boasts a significant pool of consumers with disposable incomeshigh enough to afford luxury goods.Secondly, changing consumer preferences have alsoplayed a crucial role. As Chinese consumers become more affluent, they are increasingly seeking out branded andhigh-quality products that reflect their social status and personal tastes. Luxury goods, which are often associatedwith exclusivity, quality, and style, have thus become a popular choice.Moreover, the increasing availability of luxury goodsin China has also contributed to the market's growth. In the past, Chinese consumers had to rely on imports ortravel abroad to purchase luxury goods. However, with the entry of more and more luxury brands into the Chinese market, consumers now have access to a wide range of products locally.Looking ahead, the report predicts that the Chinese luxury goods market will continue to grow at a robust pace. With the country's economy expected to remain strong and consumer preferences continuing to shift towards branded and high-quality products, the demand for luxury goods is likely to remain high.However, the report also cautions that the Chinese market presents some unique challenges for luxury brands. For instance, competition among brands is fierce, and consumers are becoming increasingly discerning about product quality and authenticity. Therefore, brands need toensure that they offer high-quality products andexceptional customer service to remain competitive.Additionally, the report notes that digitalization and social media are reshaping the Chinese luxury goods market. Consumers are increasingly using digital platforms to research and purchase products, and social media is playing a crucial role in shaping their purchasing decisions.Brands need to adapt to these changes and leverage digital platforms to reach out to their target audience effectively. In conclusion, the Chinese luxury goods market ispoised for significant growth in the coming years. Drivenby economic growth, changing consumer preferences, and increasing availability of products, the market offers immense opportunities for luxury brands. However, to capitalize on these opportunities, brands need to be agile and responsive to the unique challenges and trends in the Chinese market.**中国奢侈品增长分析**近年来，中国经济的快速增长、消费者可支配收入的增加以及消费偏好的变化，共同推动了奢侈品市场的蓬勃发展。
Day of the alleged monopoly prices of consumer price information to deceive consumersChina network television news (news 1 + 1): accounted for the four brands of cosmetic products 80% of the market share of a proposed to collective price period is in today, but today the market did not appear substantial price increases. News 1+1 today's attention - why so up?!After the news of the upcoming price of daily necessities, some residents have snapped.[news background]Coincidentally, a similar increase, a huge market share, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, nice, Liby why have to disclose in advance price plan? Hangzhou, a supermarket staff: there should be a price increase of 10% to 5%. A sudden market waves, some local reproduction of panic buying. The national development and Reform Commission has sent an investigation team to travel around the country, some enterprises have also been interviewed. March 31st, Unilever and suddenly announced the suspension of price increases. This is known as the domestic three years, the largest increase in the price of goods activities in the end how to end? Has not yet found collusion behavior.[depth analysis]China University of Political Science and Law professor Liu Jifeng: the possibility of price increases is the increase in the cost of the cost, that is, the price of oil. But the 08 year oil prices are even more powerful than now, the product is not price. Increase in costs do not have to rise, because of the huge advertising spending giant.China University of Political Science and Law professor Liu Jifeng: suspicious of that, the four companies in roughly the same time announced to be price increases, the price increase is relatively concentrated. The relative concentration of the price increase is not a conventional marketing behavior.China University of Political Science and Law professor Liu Jifeng: price for small businesses is a temptation, but in the face of market share or choose not to follow up.Wang Liang, director of the Institute of circulation economy in Shanghai: once the market share of more than 70% consumers have no choice. For no choice of the product you put forward the price, and the two companies are also proposed, there is a suspicion of collusion.Foreign economic and Trade University, director of the center for competition law, anti monopoly law expert Huang Yong: the so-called price collusion is mainly in terms of price exclusion to restrict competition, to reach this agreement or decision, or other collaborative behavior.For enterprises, through the release of information may make information profits. Consumers may be more hoarding products. Enterprises in advance to obtain profits.[solution]China University of Political Science and Law professor Liu Jifeng: regulatory authorities, if you can not find the communication of evidence can not be identified as a monopoly. Correction of the negative effects of the method is market digestion and government intervention. Simple market digestion to help enterprises to clean up inventory. Government intervention is to prevent damage to consumers. Price increases in China is very sensitive, this is a question of market order.[interactive discussion]Cost increases are just an excuse for collective price increasesModerator Li Xiaomeng: welcome to the news 1+1. The so-called daily necessities is what we want to use every day, and accounted for 80% of the four share of the product brand, the first period came to the collective price increases, the time limit is in today's. But today the market did not appear to increase the essence of behavior, then this round of rumor price, what is increased costs brought about by, or four brands attempt to control prices, market monopoly, although is smoke and mirrors, we also hope that can see as clear a point.Yesterday afternoon at 5:30 pm, Unilever suddenly released price adjustment to defer the statement, said in a statement, according to the requirements of the national development and Reform Commission (NDRC), Unilever (China) the company has decided to postpone scheduled for April 1 implementation of the price adjustment. This is less than two hundred words of the statement, but also to make it clear that today's price adjustment in some shopping malls and supermarkets temporarily restored calm. A few days, the news of the four major brands collective price increases, the impact on China's consumer goods market is huge.Earlier, sources said that by the end of March to early April, these four cosmetic brands Unilever and Procter & Gamble, Liby, nice, washing cosmetic products across the board price, and this news had been Unilever Greater China Area Vice President Zeng Xiwen confirmation. Some supermarkets in Shanghai, Hangzhou and other places also said that has received a notice of price increases.He Jianhang Yongjin cleaning supplies department assistant Carrefour store:After a month will be price increases, because manufacturers have sent a letter to us, there should be an increase of 5%-10% (amplitude).Shanghai, a large supermarket group market department responsible person: Unilever is JinFang and subtle brand of two big series, from April 1 began to price adjustment. Procter & Gamble is Tide, Tide series of washing powder, the price adjustment from the beginning of April 6th.After the news, some supermarkets in Shanghai, and there have been people buying. A few days time, some commodity sales growth rate even more than a hundred times, in these supermarkets cosmetic products cabinets, washing powder, soap, detergent essence only empty shelves, and the rest of the small amount of higher prices of washing liquid, soft agent.Public: wrong, the mood is not good, people flustered.Public: how to do? Do you want to use it to buy.Citizens: I buy some hidden, must be used, must be used down.Currently in the domestic detergent market, Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Liby and nice four brands accounted for almost 80% of the domestic market.It is this: public monopoly cosmetics market.Citizens: it says how.It is because of the huge market share of the four big day, and from the results, the price increases are concentrated in a certain period of time. Therefore, the national development and Reform Commission Price supervision and inspection department has sent investigation team, to go around the country, survey articles of daily use chemical industry enterprise price increases, also for related enterprises also conducted interviews. At present, the relevant departments of the investigation, has not yet ended, there is no evidence to prove that some companies exist collusion price increases. Shanghai, Guangdong and other places of the price department also said that the price has been strengthened to monitor the daily necessities, and sent to the major supermarkets to investigate and understand the situation.Luo Huimin Shanghai Municipal Price Bureau Price inspection director: reflect the daily chemical enterprises spread prices information, disrupting the order of the market price, according to the requirements of the national development and Reform Commission, we have to initiate an investigation, the inspection work is being carried out.Yesterday's announcement, Unilever said that a decision to suspend the price is made according to the requirements of the national development and Reform Commission, and headed by the national development and Reform Commission, the price supervision and inspection department director Xu Kunlin survey group, has also been in Shanghai, prices events intended for part of the Unilever products launched an investigation. At present, in addition to Unilever, the other three of the giant has not made any statement.Moderator: whether to manipulate the price? Whether the monopoly of the market? Now the relevant departments are still under further investigation, so we can only with the greatest goodwill to speculate, at this time the price adjustment, what is the kind of reasonable and unreasonable. Today we will go to China University of Political Science and Law professor LiuJifeng. Professor Liu, from the point of view of your analysis, such as the price of the enterprise, we first talk about it is reasonable in what areas?Liu Jifeng China University of Political Science and Law Professor: from now on the relevant information to see, we can only say that it may exist reasonable, this is probably the reasonable point of view is that the cost of the plant is about to increase. The increase in the cost of oil in the price increase, so that the cost of the product to increase, and then to rise. But why do we say that it is a possible rationality? Because in 2008 when the price of oil, but at that time the price increase is even larger than now, why not up at that time? In addition, there is a problem worthy of further discussion, for the cost of the increase, is not these companies have to go up the price of this road, in order to pass on these costs. In the cost of sales of the composition, the cost of sales is particularly large part, especially in advertising. So I think it might not be here to form a direct deduction, that isThe increase in costs must be price increases.Moderator: some of the phenomena have emerged, the most suspicious of what is the place? Why can we doubt that he has the potential to manipulate the price?Liu Jifeng: there are a few phenomena are special, for example, these four companies, they are roughly similar in time to say to price increases, and then there is a relatively more concentrated price increases.Moderator: we say one by one, in the roughly similar time price increases, it is possible that enterprises also face a cost increase, the same predicament, so the price adjustment time may be relatively concentrated.Liu Jifeng: there may be some more details. For example, the internal costs of each enterprise should not be the same.Moderator: not all of the products do? Isn't it supposed to be very close?Liu Jifeng: but it's scientific and technological content, technical content, the amount of inventory, these aspects will affect the market price in the end is up or not up.Moderator: when up, so are not the same, there should not be such a concentration of coincidence in the same time need to rise.Liu Jifeng: at least such a relatively concentrated price increases, it should be a non conventional marketing behavior.Moderator: in addition, you mention a range, if the uniform increase of 5% to 10% of the words, but also very suspicious of a point.Liu Jifeng: right. Generally speaking, if the price of an enterprise, it will the consequences of a marketing produce is sold part of the market, that is, consumers may choose not the price of theproducts, but if such a number of businesses together, especially share of relatively large, may have a consequence, that consumers do not have a choice, to buy, only to buy the price of products, this situation for the consumer interests will have certain influence.Moderator: you speak of this is related to why enterprises do not rise alone, if the joint rise, the damage to our specific to what interests?Liu Jifeng refers to is the consumer's right to choose, but also related to a consumer cost, but also can be said to be the consumer welfare, because after all, and the price of the previous comparison, every consumer costs will be increased, so in general can with the overall cost of consumption, consumer welfare is against the.Moderator: there are consumers said that he accounted for 80%, the overall price increases, and perhaps we can choose another 20% of those small brands, from his control, do you think this was founded?Liu Jifeng: in theory, this seems to be established, but the practice of such a phenomenon, there are still some real obstacles. Especially the brand effect, people used to choose their common a brand, the real prices of such a factor based on, this part of the consumer to transfer to other prices of those unknown small brands, the possibility is not particularly large.Moderator: passive to choose the price, no escape.Liu Jifeng: right.Moderator: in addition, we also see the big brands are in the price, but those small brands did not put forward to price increases, if they are facing the same cost increase in the environment, then why small brands instead of price increases?Liu Jifeng: because prices for small businesses will be a temptation, but because of its brand, market share, and in the minds of consumers image so that a number of factors influence, originally does not rise in price, market share is very small, in the price, market share is smaller. So for him, the rational choice not to follow up.Moderator: in addition to just say, Professor Liu these suspicious? And a little deserves special note that we, is before the actual price occurs, the price information has come out, such a ahead of the release of information, who is good, and who is harmed?Unilever, Procter & Gamble, nice, Liby four daily chemical enterprises need to work together to increase the news from March 21, some media reports, to today, Unilever announced the suspension of the price, a full 10 days time, regardless of whether the enterprise of the reason for the price increase is reasonable, the entire event process is most worth our vigilance is that of consumer rights in China is able to enjoy a strong legal protection, the social question to the ultimate truth.Reporter: miss not be able to contact us to accept the interview, right?Procter & Gamble (China) Co., Ltd. staff: sorry, we are not here.Reporter: in the end the price of this thing is not true?Wu Xiaoying Zhejiang Naaisi group chairman secretary: concrete is not very clear, there is No.Reporter: do you have no notice of price increases from the headquarters is it?Wu Xiaoying: right.Reporter: that why we in Hangzhou city several large supermarkets to interview, they have received a notice of nice related product prices?Wu Xiaoying: the specific is not very clear.Guangzhou Procter & Gamble, Zhejiang nice, obviously some supermarkets have already received notice of price increases, but two of the company's headquarters in China, but the news has been noncommittal. Compared with Procter & Gamble, nice refused and dodge, Unilever containing Liby attitude is more clear, reason for the rising prices, Zeng Xiwen, chief spokesman Xu Xiaodong and Unilever China area vice president of Liby Enterprise Co., Ltd will attributed to the rise in raw materials.Xu Xiaodong Guangzhou Liby Enterprise Group Co., Ltd. chief spokesman: itself for us to wash the activities of itself is by the amount of sales, profit is not very high. Crude oil price Xiabu Lai, gasoline also rises ceaselessly, now logistics cost also constantly on the rise and with the development of society, labor costs also constantly rising in, then I think because society is constantly in the development and progress, it is not possible to our products for several years, ten years the price is constant, which is not in conformity with the rules of economic development of the enterprise.Ceng Xiwen, vice president of Unilever China: This is not my family, the whole industry is now the top of the.Up and looking good reason, but who knows, in the face of the domestic market share of more than four into the 8 big day giants, their every move, but not a price so simple. Whether is the price of a distinct attitude Liby and Unilever, still keep silent Procter & Gamble and nice, the most worthy of our inquiry is four giants why in April focused on price, and the message coming from the major shopping malls, or roughly the same. There are April prices, why from the beginning of March 21st the hearsay everywhere? This price process, in the end want to give consumers what information?Wang Liang Shanghai current economics research institute: market share is, if it exceeds 70%, consumers have no choice, no choice for products, you have raised prices and the two companies at the same time, the author puts forward, then there is suspicion of collusion. Because most of the market you are in control of you two controls, you two and at the same time in almost a time inside put forward, indicating that you are collusion, then the market is hurt the government can start.Moderator: in an interview, we heard the most is not clear, it is not clear, but one thing, we need to figure out is what behavior constitutes collusion, listen to the expert's point of view.Reporter: what kind of behavior can constitute collusion?Competition Law Center of the University of foreign trade and economic cooperation, Huang Yong, director, anti monopoly law experts: the so-called collusion is mainly in terms of price exclusion restriction of competition, the agreement was reached or is decided, or other cooperative behavior, which is called collusion. There are several factors that must be considered:?Pian tiger veranda Hector grin Lai raised one pleat shape scalded fortunately low recovery Luan Yu Sinonovacula closed Qiang and foretelling the play or Da Qiang Zhang Mu que disease fan Huan yo?Second, these competitors, they have had the meaning of contact, or is a kind of information exchange and a need to consider other cooperative behavior identification, factors to consider, but also consider the market structure, the market is war is not a oligopoly market, is not a fully competitive market? While also considering the market changes in various factors, say the price is not the real reason, as oil prices soaring, soaring freight, electricity prices and so on these market changes, so the above several factors is to determine the need for a comprehensive, the cooperative is a cooperative action, is whether it constitutes illegal behavior.Moderator: price has not gone up, but the information has come out, so as to the enterprise, what kind of benefits?Liu Jifeng: for the enterprise, through the release of these information, it may make some information on the profit. For consumers, he might really do not know is not a April 1, is really the future prices, so his choice will save some products product, even some consumers to a year need to use products all buy back, if such consumers will be a lot of words, intangible earned under normal circumstances are earning less than a preliminary profit.Moderator: clean up inventory, but actually hear the voice is not only a consumer, and peers, peers, and the Department in charge of, hear the sound of these different aspects, will have what kind of impact?Liu Jifeng: for such a behavior, the direct impact of the main body should be mainly consumers, for the other subject has a certain impact, that is, the problem of competitors in the industry. Sobesides. Besides, it also relates to a as to whether the regulators to intervene, because such a phenomenon if left unchecked, it may based on such a kind of information is not true, causing confusion in the market order.Moderator: can understand information prior to release, for peers in terms of, may we reached a tacit understanding, or is the consensus, and for the regulatory authorities, in fact, is one of his endurance test?Liu Jifeng: will have such a factor, because such a kind of information spread, actually do and specific this thing didn't do, and a distance, this time regulators if it is based on the anti monopoly law involved. Besides, it also relates to a very important condition. They are not written, oral, or even in the form of communication. If this evidence can not find the words, it is difficult to identify him as a conspiracy, but this a unilateral release of information, objectively is indeed caused confusion in the market order.Moderator: after the information released, regardless of the initiative to publish, or how to spread, indeed, the national development and Reform Commission to take action and were interviewed and Unilever also said that, after interviews, they decided on April 1 to halt price increases, how do we analysis of development and Reform Commission Act? Is the behavior of the brake in time? It is also said that such a thing, we can hand in the market, let the market itself to digest it, how do you see?Liu Jifeng: first of all, we say such a, even though we now know that it is a conspiracy, so as a unilateral information publish events, its negative effect has come out, then the corrected method of the negative effect, may you have just talked about the market, may also have government departments based on the power to intervene, correction method.Moderator: for example, we simply rely on market digestion will be how?Liu Jifeng: the phenomenon is that a large number of consumer to buy, store in advance, for businesses may have to clean up his inventory. So if the US government intervention in a timely manner, such a phenomenon can be prevented, and I personally think, development and Reform Commission (NDRC) such an approach, from the effect of the intervention, is also very effective, theoretically speaking words, such an intervention is actually prevent dangerous into damage of a very important method, can also be said to be a pre intervention, although at this point we are not allowed to grasp, what evidence can do prove that it is constituted of a price cartel. But we can now see that it has a certain risk, this time the development and Reform Commission to intervene, I think it is reasonable.Moderator: you are talking about the price cartel may need to give us a translation?Liu Jifeng: that is the industry's competitors between each other, on the price, quantity, geographical division of the United, but also to take a unified action.Moderator: and now prices are under slowly up such a background, the national development and Reform Commission in Japan this price trend and began to shot, actually is a preventive measure in the practice.Liu Jifeng: in China, a transition period, especially in recent years about price hikes are particularly sensitive, but is based on the information asymmetry, resulting in a false prices, but in a false price process and sellers benefit the, so to rise to the question is indeed the market order.Moderator: when we talk about here, I think, enterprises have no grievances? For example, just business representatives did say that these years they did not rise, but also with the normal market development trend of view, the price is also an inevitable thing.Liu Jifeng: in fact, we are not against the enterprise price increases, we should pay attention to how the enterprise price increases. If we say that a few large enterprises together, the market share of 80%, they have to really common price increases, or roughly similar time to price increases, it is more obvious social harm. If we say that for a single enterprise, based on the increase in the cost of it, and then go on to price increases, this is not against us, after all, to obtain profits.Moderator: from now on, in April 1st, the expected price increases did not happen, but we are not optimistic that the price will be a period of time does not happen?Liu Jifeng: This is not necessarily, this is mainly to further investigation, is not really reasonable up.。
