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局部解剖学（八）头部的局部解剖与操作头部head 颅部颅顶额顶枕区frontoparietooccipital region 颞区temporal region 颅底与颅腔及其内容物面部面浅部superficial part of the face 腮腺咬肌区Parotid and masseteric region 面深部deep part of the face 一、概述境界与分区Boundary and region of head 表面解剖体表标志surface landmark 体表投影surface projection 境界与分区表面解剖Mental foramen 体表投影Surface projection 二、颅顶额顶枕区软组织的层次及其特点颞区软组织的层次及其特点（一）Layers of Scalp (Frontal Section) Skin 皮肤Connective tissue 结缔组织Aponeurosis 帽状腱膜Loose connective tissue 疏松结缔组织Pericarnium 骨膜浅筋膜内的血管神经分组行径与分布特点及其临床意义Layers of Scalp (lateral aspect ) （二）Layers of Temporal Region 1. 皮肤skin 2. 浅筋膜Superficial fascia 3. 颞筋膜Temporal fascia 4. 颞肌Temporalis 5. 骨膜Pericranium 颞肌Temporalis 颞区各层次的结构特点皮肤浅筋膜内的血管和神经颞筋膜的浅、深层颞肌颞肌深部的血管和神经颞间隙颞浅间隙：位于颞筋膜与颞肌之间。
颞筋膜间隙：位于颞筋膜下部两层之间。
颞深间隙：位于颞肌(筋膜)与骨膜之间。
三、面部面部浅层结构the superficial structures of the face 面侧区the lateral region of the face 腮腺咬肌区the Parotid and masseteric region 面侧深部the deep part of the face 面部浅层结构Superficial structures of face 皮肤skin 浅筋膜superficial fascia 面表情肌muscles of expression 腮腺管parotid duct 面动、静脉facial artery and vein 淋巴结lymph nodes 三叉神经Trigeminal nerve 面神经facial nerve 头部淋巴回流Lymphatic drainage of the head （二）腮腺咬肌区Parotid and Masseteric Region 腮腺parotid gland 位置和形态morphology and location 腮腺管parotid duct 腮腺咬肌筋膜Parotid-masseteric fascia 腮腺淋巴结Parotid lymph node 腮腺内主要血管、神经的排列Arrangement of main vessels and nerves in the parotid gland 腮腺的毗邻Relation of the parotid gland 咬肌Masseter 1.腮腺咬肌筋膜：咬肌筋膜和腮腺鞘2. 腮腺parotid gland （1）位置（2）形态：呈不规则的楔形，底向外，尖向内突至咽旁；被面神经丛或下颌支后缘分为浅部和深部。
