考研英语模拟试题及答案-(17)

模拟试题[17]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS] [NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C andD.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWERHEET.(5 points)1. Grown people should never say or do anything wrong before children,lest they ____ thema bad example.A. will setB. are to setC. should setD. set2. Backward somewhat technologically _____ w e are for the moment,we have perfect faith inour ability to catch up in time.A. asB. ifC. even thoughD. that3. When his plane arrives at the airport in Shanghai,I _____ f or Beijing.A. shall leaveB. shall be leavingC. am leavingD. shall already have left4. The students ____ at the auditorium before 1:30 p.m.,but the lecture was cancelled at the last minute.A. were to have assembledB. would assembleC. should have assembledD. had assembled5. Psychologists use exactly the same instrument ___________they use for adults to record babiesresponses.A. whichB. thatC. with whichD. as6. Let everyone work with all his might;and most of all let the government arouse itselfto do that work which is vital,and which _____ government can do effectively.A. none butB. rather thanC. other thanD. more than7. ____ the choice of a fine home down town and a modest one in the suburbs the latter willwin.A. Being givenB. GivenC. If givenD. When given8. Business was slackening and there was no expectation of the unemployed ____ within ashort period of time.A. being taken onB. to have been taken onC. to be taken onD. having been taken on9. Science is a structure of many interlocking disciplines,its growth _____ m an'simagination and his compelling desire to understand his environment and himself.A. depends onB. independent ofC. dependent onD. is independent of10. Every Englishman has some knowledge, ___ ,of the work of the greatest writer,WilliamShakespeare.A. how slightB. somewhat slightC. even slightD. however slightSection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D」dentify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points)11. It is highly desirable that every (A) effort will be (B) made to reduce expenditure andthat (C) every member of the staff economize (D) wherever possible.12. At first we were so high above (A) in the air (B) that everything seemed like (C) ants;butI could see whatever (D) I wanted.13. Dresses,skirts,shoes and children's clothing (A) are advertised (B) at lowly reduced (C) prices this (D)weekend.14. Paris is one of many world cities that are (A) currently (B) developing programs of restoring its (C)historical (D) buildings.15. Saddened by the actor's sudden death, a memorial fund will be established (A) so that family and friendscan make (B) donations in his (C) name to (D) the American Cancer Society.16. While (A) the total number of farmers tilling (B) the soil is barely (C) half what theywere (D) in 1959,the size of the average farm has tripled.17. Under (A) no circumstances we should (B) do anything (C) that will benefit ourselves but (D) harm theinterest of the state.18. Travelling to work (A) by car is more convenient than to use (B) public transport,forthere is no irritation caused by waiting for buses or (C) underground trains for as long as half an hoursometimes (D).19. When(A) the west part of Scotland is wet with an (B) average rainfall of (C) up to 200cm,the east is dryer(D) with about 75cm.20. I used to go down (A) to the bank of the stream and chose (B) little flattened (C) stones to throw acrossthe water,which moved as swiftly (D) as swallows.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C andD.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Mark your answer on the ANSWERHEET.(10 points)21. If someone is frowning,we ____ that she or he is sad or angry.A. inferB. claimC. anticipateD. acknowledge22. The new apartment built few months ago is large enough to ____________ o ver two hundred people.A. locateB. resideC. settleD. accommodate23. A river _____ through the narrow wooded valley below.A. extendsB．poursC．expandsD．twists24. In order to strengthen his arguements,Toffler ___ respectable social scientists whoagree with him.A．recitesB．confirmsC．quotesD．convinces25. The decline of Rome ____ the disappearance of classical drama.A．restrained B．withheld C．restored D．witnessed26. The birthday party ____ and all the guests hurried home at once.A．broke inB．broke upC．broke outD．broke down27. In one scene of Modern Time,Charlie Chaplin was shown trying ____ to keep in time witha rapid assembly line.A．aimlesslyB．violentlyC．hardlyD．desperately28. When writing about controversial topics,some authors try to be _____ without favouringeither side.A．impressiveB．reflectiveC．objectiveD．persuasive29. Whenpeople have their basic needs satisfied,they begin to think of other things to fulfil their life .A．necessitiesB．requirementsC．appreciationsD．expectations30. The doctor assured me that the pain would ____ one hour after I took the medicine.A．wear awayB．wear onC．wear downD．wear out31. In spite of Spanish origin,Brazil also has certain things which make her ____A．specificB．distinguishedC．specializedD．distinctive32. The government will be better able to ____ other problems because it won't be caughtup in planning ahead for future population growth.A．tackleB．challengeC．relieveD．eliminate33. The teacher made strenuous efforts to read the faint, _____________ handwriting in hisstudents' exercise books.A．illegalB．illiterateC．illegibleD．illustrative34. One of the reasons for his popularity in our village is that he ____ almost everyoneevery time he comes back from the big city.A．looks afterB．cares forC．asks afterD．runs for35. We hope to be able to get married early this month,but things didn't ____ as we hadexpected.A．work outB．come byC．fill upD．lay down36. To ensure maximal voter participation in a presidential election,thorough planning and a voter registrationare usually required.A．restrictionB．encouragementC．investigationD．drive37. He was such a busy man that after a long delay,he ____ writing the letter.A. got around toB. look forward toC. passed on toD. took up with38. When people do not _____ to an acceptable standard of behavior,they are bound to offendother people.A. confirmB. conformC. confineD. confound39. This unconventional theory was at first greeted with a good deal of _______________ ,but soon thosewho had laughed at him realized how wrong they were.A. barrierB. accusationC. ridiculeD. elimination40. Being _____ by nature,he could not help asking questions whenever he asw something unusual.A. fantasticB. optimisticC. questionableD. inquisitivePart n Cloze TestDirections : For each numbered blank in the following passage , there are four choices labelledA, B, C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points ) From the earliest days the conviction has been growing among the American people and their leaders that the state must be responsible for seeing that its citizens have a certain amount of education.That the state has this responsibility 41 the state constitutions,the hundreds of school laws in each state, and the 42 of decisions of local , state , and 43 courts. 44 , education has come to be 45 regarded as a state function.The assumption of educational control by the stateis 46 accidental ；state control has comebecause of the early and ever growing belief that education is the backing of a democratic government and cannot , 47 , be left too much 48 the wishes ofany individual or of any communit y」n a democracy the people cannot be permitted to remain 49although some of them might desire that 50 . —41.A.shows B.showi ng C.show n by D.is shownby42.A.scale B.scores C.am ountD.qua ntities43.A.cou ntry B.n ati onal C.federal w44. A.In brief B.ln particular C.ln con seque nee D.lnadditi onneed achievers typically set impossibly high goals for their children and make extremeparent will solve the problem and then hand the child the answer.That needs for affiliation and achievement exist within all of usis undeniable.And although biological bases for at least the affiliation a great deal more is known about the psychological bases of these needs and how they come about.,social , and psychological motivations do.51. Parents of high need achievers __________ .A. usually leave their children aloneB. set very high standards for their childrenC. allow for failure on the part of their childrenD. control their children to a minimum degree 52. In the fourth sentence of paragraph 1, the expression “berate their children ” probablymeans _____ . A. praise them B. neglect them C. scold them45. A.c on fide ntially B.i ncide ntally C.uni versally D.i nternatio nally46. A. not 47. A.however48. A.to49. A.ignorance D.ignoran tlyB.o nlyC.actually B.therefore C.for B.for C.of B.ig nored B.sta ndard Part 山 Reading ComprehensionD.perhapsexample D.above all D.agai nst C.ig norant C.status D.ide ntity Directions : Each of the passages below is followed by some questions.For each question there arefour answers marked A , B , C and D.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions.Then mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 pointsPassage 1Research indicates that parents who reward selfcontrol and independence tend to have children with high achievement motivation.Such parentsset high standards for their children butallow them to work at their own level and to make their own mistakes.By contrast,parents of low demands 」n addition , parents of high need achievers encourage good performance but do not berate their children when they fail.If a child comes homefrom school with four A's andone B on a reportcard , the parents focus on the A's “Why the B? ” Parents of high；parents of a potential lowneed achiever tend to askneed achievers respond to mediocre grades with warmth andsuggestions for reasonable goals and ways to reach them.Parents of low need achievers mightsay , You're dumb and lazy you'll never amount to anything , and punish the child.When a child is having trouble with a math problem , the parent of a potentiallyhighneed achiever will suggestthe general procedure and let the child work out the particular solution ；a low need achiever's,to varying degreesneed have been proposed , Closely related to motivation are emotions,which can activate and direct behavior in much the same way as physiologicalD. beat them53. If a child gets good marks for some courses and lower marks for others , a parent of ahigh need achiever will ________ .A. criticize him for the lower marks and praise him for the goodB. praise him and give some suggestions for further improvementC. praise him for the good marks and reward himD. criticize him for the lower marks and punish him54. The passage is mainly about the role of _____ .A. reward in promoting their children's studyB. self control and independence in child growthC. emotional reaction in promoting achievementD. praise in promoting desired behaviorPassage 2A question that has puzzled anthropologists for years whether the uniquely human habitof bipedalism (walking upright on two limbs ) developed suddenly among our ancient ancesters or occurred gradually over time-received new attention in September 1988.Anthropologist WilliamL.Jungers of State University of New York reported evidence that australopithecines , humanlike creatures who lived between 1 million and 4 million years ago, probably moved in a manner similar to both human beings and apes, suggesting that bipedalism was a gradual development in early human beings.Jungers compared the hip and leg joints of apes.He noted that in human beings these joints are exceptionally large relative to body size.This is because they bear all of the body's weightwhen a person is standing」n apes, however, the leg and hip joints are smaller because apes also use their forelimbs for support.Jungers then examined the hip and leg joints of an australopithecine skeleton nicknamedLucy and found that its joints display both humanlike and apelike characteristics , Jungers concluded that Lucy's physical development-as well as that of other australopitheciness-falls somewhere between human beings and apes.While australopithecines may have walked in an upright manner, their gait was probably far different from the upright movement exhibited by modern human beings.55. Jungers'finding showed that ____ .A. human beings walked upright later than australopithecinesB. bipedalism might have developed suddenly in early humansC. early humans might have learned to walk gradnallyD. human beings evolved from australopithecines rather than from apes56. Jungers'report was based upon his comparison of ____ .A. the body size of people, apes and australopithecinesB. the skeleton of people, apes and australopithecinesC．the hips and leg joints of people, apes and australopithecinesD．the size of hip and leg joints of modern people and australopithecines57. Which of the following is TRUE about Lucy according to Junger? A．Lucy walked more like apes than likehuman beings. B．Lucy moved her steps in the same manner as people. C．Lucy might walk quitedifferently from modern man. D．Lucy had hip and leg joints like people's.58. Why is the size of the hip and leg joints imortant in establishing the human habit of bipedalism?A．they support human body in an upright position.B．they are the only observable evidence in australopithecines study.C．the evolution of the joints is the fastest in animals.D．they mark the major difference between humans and humanlike animals.Passage 3Mounting evidence has led astronomers to just such an improbable conclusion ：At least 90 percent and possibly 99 percent of all matter in the universe is completely invisible.Astronomers call this invisible stuff dark matter.An astronomer first reported the invisible matter after noting some unusual behaviour in visible matter.In 1933 ，Swiss astrophysicist Fritz Zwicky observed that galaxies （星系）in a cluster of galaxies travelled at higher speeds than expected.He concluded that something was causing strange gravitational effects on these galaxies.Galaxies are like vast islands in deep space containing billions of stars that are held together by the force of gravity.Some galaxies are part of larger systems called clusters ，which contain many galaxies.Most galaxies ，however ，belong to smaller systems called groups. Groupsand clusters in turn form even larger structures known as superclusters. Just as the force of gravity keeps stars together in galaxies ，so the force of gravity appears to keep galaxies together in clusters.This same force of gravity keeps planets orbiting around the sun，rather than flying off into space.How great a force gravity exerts depends on the mass of the objects attracted and the distance between them，a principle discovered by Newton. The amount of mass and the distance between objects also determine how fast the objects travel as they orbit each other. For example ，in oursolar system ，the sun is the most massive object ，making up about 99 ．9 percent of the mass of the solar system ，and the force of its gravity keeps Earth and the other planets in orbit around it.The orbital speeds of the planets decline with increasing distance from the sun.The planet nearest to the sun ，Mercury ，travels at an orbital speed of 48 kilometers per second ，while the distant planet Pluto orbits at speed of 4 ．7 kilometers per second.59. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．Ninety percent of all the matter in theuniverse is invisible. B．Dark matter causes visible matter to behave in a strange way.C. Galaxies in a cluster sometimes behave in an unusual manner.D. invisible matter keeps galaxies together with gravity. 60. In astronomical terms, a cluster _____ .A. consists of galaxiesB. consists of groupsC. makes up superclustersD. makes up a group61. The nearer a planet is to the sun, _____ .A. the lighter it isB. the greater gravity it exertsC. the heavier it isD. the faster it orbits62. According to Newton's principle, ____ .A. the force of gravity keeps planets orbiting around the sun rather than flying offB. the sun is the most massive object, making up 99 . 8 percent of the mass of the solarsystemC. the amount of mass determine how fast the objects travel as they orbit each otherD. Pluto receives the least force of gravity from the sun of all the planets in the solar systemPassage 4A child who has once been pleased with a tale likes , as a rule , to have it retold inidentically the same words , but this should not lead parents to treat printed fairy stories as sacred texts 」t is always much better to tell a story than read it out of a book , and , if a parent can produce what , in the actual circumstances of the time and the individual child , is an improvement in the printed text , so much the better.A charge madeagainst fairy tales is that they harm the child by frightening him or arousing his sadistic（虐待狂的） impulses.To prove the latter , one would have to show in a controlledexperiment that children who have read fairy stories were more often guilty of cruelty than those who hadnot.Aggressive , destructive , sadistic impulses every child has and , on the whole , their symbolic verbal discharge seems to be rather a safety valve than an incitement to overt action.As to fears , there are , I think , well authenticated（实际的） cases of children being dangerouslyterrified by some fairy story.Often, however , this arises from the child having heard the storyonce.Familiarity with the story by repetition turns the pain of fear into the pleasure of a fear faced and mastered.There are also people who object to fairy stories on the grounds that they are notobjectivelytrue , that giants , witches , two headed dragons , magic carpets , etc. , do not exist ；and that , instead of indulging his fantasies in fairy tales, the child should be taught how to,the world should be full of madmen attempting to fly （扫帚把）or covering a telephone with kisses infriend.No fairy story ever claimed to be a description of the external world and no sane全的）child has ever believed that it was.argue with the m 」f their case were sound from New York to Philadelphia on a broomstick the belief that it was their enchanted girl（健63. The author considers that a fairy story is more effective when it is ____A. repeated without variationB. treated with correct attitudeC. adapted by the parentD. suited to the age of the child64. Some people dislike fairy stories because they feel that they ____A. tempt people to be cruel to childrenB. show the primitive cruelty in childrenC. lend themselves to undesirable experiments with childrenD. increase the tendency to be aggressive in children65. The author thinks that fairy stories are a means by which children's impulses maybe _______________A. beneficially channelledB. given a destructive tendencyC. held back until maturityD. effectively suppressed66. According to the author, fairy tales _____ in a child.A. create no fear at allB. create no confused feelingC. create too many fantasiesD. create a sense of guiltinessPassage 5One of the easiest approaches to solving the greenhouse problem is to make our use of energy more efficient.An outstanding example of success in this area is the increase in gasoline mileage achieved by automobile manufacturers since the late 1970's. Most engineers say that much more fuel economy can be built into cars.Still another approach involves attacking the other side of the carbon dioxide dilem ma-increasing the absorption of the gas from the atmosphere」n September 1988,Daniel J.Dudek,a senior economist for the Environmental Defense Funds,an independent organization,proposed such an approach to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources.Dudek said that 4 million hectares of new forest could absorb all the carbon dioxide emitted by all the U.S.power plants likely to be built in the next decade.Replanting that many hectares of farmland as forest would cost between $ 1 billion and $ 2 billion,according to Dudek,but would be a costeffective alternative in battling global warming.Was the very hot summer of 1988 caused by the greenhouse effect, or was it just a random variation in Earth's fickle（无常的）weather? It really does not matter,say many atmosphericscientists.Global warming is on the way,and it is time,according to them,to take action to avoid a worse outcome than nature itself decrees.As Schneider puts it, “It is often said that we do not so much inherit the world fromour forebears,but rather we borrow it from our childre n.It is increasingly67. In the second sentence, “the oustanding example of success ” here refers to theimprovement on ____ .A. the quality of gasolineB. street conditionsC. the speed of the carD. the design of the car engine68. As a solution to the greenhouse problem, Dudek suggests _____ .A. using fewer cars than necessaryB. stopping factories from emitting carbon dioxideC. improving the quality of factory equipmentD. rebuilding and creating forests69. In the third sentence of paragaph 3, by saying that “global warming is on the way••” ,theauthor means ____ .A. the atmosphere is too hot to be bearableB. the earth is becoming increasingly warmC. global warming is becoming uncontrollableD. global warming is now within easy control70. When Schneider says "…we borrow it from our children. ” ,he means __________ .A. we should work out a good method to control global warming and pass it onto our childrenB. we should make the future world a better place for our children to live inC. in the days of our children, global warming will gorw out of controlD. global warming will go on to affect the life of our children anywayPart IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)(71) One of the most critical problems facing black and other minority Americans today ______________ is the difficulty of entering mainstream society without denying their own racial and ethnic heritage .The process can be an agonizing one,and it sometimes leads to disaster.On June 12,1985,Edmund Perry was shot and killed while attempting to rob a plainclothes police officer.(72) Perry was black and a resident of Harlem;he was also a graduate of one of the nation's finest prep schools and was preparing to enter Stanford University on a full scholarship 」n “The TwoWorlds of EdmundPerry ” ,Robert Sam Anson relates the details of this star student's double lifeand examines the unique pressure of being caught between two radically different social realms.(73) This sense of doubleness experienced by many nonwhite Americans makes it difficult ___________ to establish a stable personal identity . Barbara Mellix's “From Outside,In ” offers a solutionto the problem.Raised in the rural South,the author learned two languages-one to be used when speaking to family and friends,the other when speaking to whites.(74) Years later,after enrolling in a writing course at a northern university,she attempted to negotiate a way between her own language and the language of others:I could not-in the process of composing-use the language of the old me,yet I couldn't imagine myself in the language of “others ”. In time ,however,she learned to shape her own experience in her own words.(75) Writing,she suggests,provided a valuable toolin helping to establish a balance between her two worlds .Part V Writing(15 points)Directions:A. Title:NATURAL GAS PRODUCTIONThe additional information:a. The estimated natural gas reserves are 33000 billion cubic metres.b. Large gas fields or areas have been discovered in northwest and northeast China.B. Time limit:40 minutesC. Word limit:no less than 150 words (not including the given topic sentences)D. Your composition should be based on the given topic sentences of each paragraph.E. Your composition should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.OUTLINE:1. Natural gas is an energy different from other energies.2. According to the chart above …3. As it is reported that China is rich in natural gas.Qulpult of ga*研究生入学考试模拟英语试题［17］讲评：［词汇与结构］［完型填空］［阅读理解］［英译汉］［写作］Part I Structure and VocabularySection A1. (C) lest后接that从句时，从句中谓语应用“shoul d动词原形"表示虚拟。