考研英语模拟试题及答案 (14)

模拟试题[14]Simulated Test[PREVIOUS][NEXT]Part I Structure and VocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET. (5 points)1.At the last conmmittee meeting,the motion that the sale of the alcohol _____ unlawfulwas defeated.A．was madeB．was to be madeC．be madeD．would be made2.The agency, _____ to set and enforce health standard for American workers,has beenpromising a cotton dust standard for several years.A．which isB．which it isC．whose job it isD．whose job is3.People were afraid to leave their house, _____ the police had been ordered to stand byin case of emergency,they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else.A．and even ifB．but sinceC．however afterD．for though4.As long as we alive,we are learning and ,in fact,some of our most important learning takesplace outside of school _____ in school.A．better thanB．rather thanC．other thanD．more than5.The tremendous heat at a star's core, _____ tremendous gravity,joins the nuclei ofhydrogen atoms.A．combined withB．having combined withC．combining withD．being combined to6.Success in life does not depend so much on one's school record _____ on one's honestyand diligence.A．butB．whereasC．asD．like7.Though she could hardly make ends meet herself,she managed to save _____ she could outof her slim salary to help her brother to go to school.A．how little moneyB．such little moneyC．so little moneyD．what little money8.In learning a foreign language, _____ Engligh,one should first pay attention tospeaking,which is the groundwork of reading and writing.A．saysB．sayC．to sayD．saying9.It is strange that he _____ so rude to you,though you did so much for him.A．should beB．should have beenC．isD．was10._____ can help but admit that drastic changes have taken place in China since the economicreform in 1979.A．EverybodyB．AnybodyC．SomebodyD．NobodySection BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked A,B,C and D.Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(5 points)11.Never say anything (A) behind a person's back if (B) you wouldn't (C) say to (D) his face.12.It is not (A) because they were afraid of earthquakes, but (B) because there was a trendfor living (C) in the suburbs so (D) after Wold War Ⅱ many San Franciscans left the city houses and moved to the suburb.13.As (A) a general observation,many physicians regret having (B) never (C) taken a course(D) in the history of medicine.14.It is difficult for us to explain phenomena (A) which (B) we have little or (C) no direct(D) knowledge.15.There lived (A) in the village the peasants who enjoy no sickness (B) benefits,no oldage pensions (C) not any (D) holidays….16.The change which these years have brought about (A) is too (B) remarkable to pass over(C) without being noticed (D) .17.I have too many (A) things to attend (B) to that a holiday for (C) me now is out of thequestion (D) .18.When we sit at the table,we must wait for everyone (A) before starting (B) eating.Sometimesyou (C) have to wait until the head (D) of the family begins eating.19.Emphasis is laid on (A) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (B) willbe taken (C) into account before starting (D) a new project.20.Although (A) a majority of the houses in that area is (B) still in need of repair (C) ,therehas been much inprovement in their (D) appearance.Section CDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)21.I don't think I'd like to share a flat with her.I'd find it difficult to _____ her standardsof order.A．live up toB．keep up toC．face up toD．make up to22.The hero in the book was _____ by his enemies and left in a gas filled room,but he managedto escape.A．bound upB．tied upC．locked upD．knocked over23.He has _____ a very odd set of people.I hope they won't have a bad influence on him.A．got mixed up withB．got involved inC．lined up withD．come up with24.I can _____ her sudden friendiness;she wants me to look after her parrot while she isaway.A．work outB．make outC．see throughD．figure out25.Because American parents believe that knowledge leads to a meaningful life,they try togive youngsters many opportunities to develop skills and _____ interests.A．worthB．worthyC．valuableD．worthwhile26.People today spend a _____ portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bringup children.A．considerableB．significantC．substantialD．surplus27.Since she inherited her father's fortune,she is completely independent _____ her husband.A．fromB．onC.ofD.with28.A benefit performance is a performance for which a charitable organization has boughtout at a discounted price and _____ funds by selling tickets at a full price.A．furnishB．raiseC．accumulateD．contribute29.Money serves as a means of accumulating wealth and as a universal _____ of exchange inthe highly diversified commercial world.A．measureB．intermediateC．mediumD．mechanism30.Many museums now provide educational services and children's departments. _____ the usualdisplays,they also offer film showings and dance programs.A．As well asB．Rather thanC．With the exception ofD．In addition to31.It is true that road travel in the old days was difficult, _____ and uncomfortable,butit was comparatively safe.A．tediousB．irritableC．worryingD．disinteresting32.By giving him electrical shock treatment,the doctor has _____ a partial cure of his shortsightedness.A．affectedB．effectedC．affordedD．rendered33.Chinese diplomatic envoys were sent who should strengthen our international position andstrive for world peace and friendly _____ among peoples.A．collaborationB．harmonyC．coordinationD.intercourse34.The Wall Street multi millionaires are looking for new markets overseas where they can_____ their surplus goods.A．dampB．deliverC．dumpD．stamp35.The young soldier killed 25 enemies in a close battle,for which he was _____ the titleof Combat Hero.A．awardedB．rewardedC．conferredD．honoured36.Vietnam military costs _____ economic weaknesses in the United States,which cleverlyexported its inflation abroad.A．reinforcedB．strengthenedC．acceleratedD．intensified37.Not a few excellent proposals by the countries of the third world have been _____ to theUnifed Nations,acceptance of which will strengthen peace and lessen the danger of war.A．submittedB．suggestedC．advancedD．released38.I had been puzzled over the problem for over an hour without any result when all at oncethe solution _____ across my mind.A．flushedB．flickeredC．flaredD．flashed39.For some rare cases,the doctor does not base his diagnosis on the patient's _____ onlybut also on the results of tests.A．complaintsB．reportsC．statementsD．symptoms40.Before suburbanization which began during the emergence of the industrial city,the citywas a small highly compact cluster in which people moved around on foot and goods were _____ by horse and cart.A．conveyedB．surveyedC．forwardedD．deliveredPart II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices labelled A,B,C and D.Choose the best one and put your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Every day, hundreds of thousands of social scientists go to work. Meanwhile, most of the rest of the world believes that social science is frivolous (不重要的、无意义的)and useless. More to the 41 ，even those in government and business who sometimes hope to use research frequently 42 that social science is irrelevant,incomprehensible or 43 low quality. Researchers are usually unable to 44 specific instances of their work 45 used.Social scientists are 46 that their work is not used as they think it should be, and dismayed 47 they do not share the social respect of natural scientists. Sometimes this situation may endanger research funds. 48 their economies in trouble,nations like the U.S. and Britain have begun to decide that social science is a luxury that they can do 49 .As a result, the“underutilization”of research has received a surge of new attention of the social scientists although the field has had citations increase fifty fold in the twenty years 50 1976．41．A．effect B．point C．contrary D．advantage 42．A．accuse B．object C．testify D．complain 43．A．is B．of C．at D．very 44．A．cite B．confirm C．contend D．conceive 45．A．being B．to be C．has been D．which is 46．A．fascinated B．overwhelmed C．terrified D．frustrated 47．A．if B．once C．that D．whenever 48．A．With B．Despite C．Lest D．Because of 49．A．with B．within C．without D．away with 50．A．prior B．previous C．preceding D．precedentPart Ⅲ Readling ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A,B,C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET I by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1The traditional distinction between products that satisfy needs and those that satisfy wants is no longer adequate to describe classes of products. In today's prosperous societies the distinction has become blurred because so many wants have been turned into needs. A writer, for instance, can work with paper and pencils. These are legitimate needs for the task. But the work can be done more quickly and efficiently with a word processor. Thus a computer is soon viewed as a need rather than a want.In the field of marketing, consumer goods are classed according to the way in which they are purchased. The two main categories are convenience goods and shopping goods. Two lesser types are specialty goods and unsought goods. It must be emphasized that all of these types are based on the way shoppers think about products, not on the nature of the products themselves. What is regarded as a convenience item in France(wine, for example)may be a specialty good in the United States.People do not spend a great deal of time shopping for such convenience items as groceries, newspapers, toothpaste, razor blades, aspirin, and candy. The buying of convenience goods may be done routinely, as some families buy groceries once a week. Such regularly purchased items are called staples. Sometimes convenience products are bought on impulse: someone has a sudden desire for an ice cream sundae on a hot day. Or they may be purchased as emergency items.Shopping goods are items for which customers search. They compare prices, quality, and styles, and may visit a number of stores before making a decision. Buying an automobile is often done this way.Shopping goods fall into two classes:those that are perceived as basically the same and those that are regarded as different. Items that are looked upon as basically the same include such things as home appliances, television sets, and automobiles. Having decided on the model desired, the customer is primarily interested in getting the item at the most favorable price. Items regarded as inherently different include clothing, furniture, and dishes. Quality, style, andfashion will either take precedence over price,or they will not matter at all.Specialty goods have characteristics that impel customers to make special efforts to find them. Price may be no consideration at all. Specialty goods can include almost any kind of product. Normally,specialty goods have a brand name or other distinguishing characteristics.Unsought goods are items a consumer does not necessarily want or need or may not even know about.Promotion or advertising brings such goods to the consumer's attention. The product could be something new on the market as the Sony Walkman once was or it may be a fairly standard service, such as life insurance,for which most people will usually not bother shopping.51.A word processor can be looked on as satisfying a need rather than a want if _____ .A.it is used at home to do paper workB.it is used by a writer to type a novelC.it becomes the only means to an endD.a writer does not want to use it52.Staples(in the third paragraph) are commodities _____ .A.that people are in constant need ofB.that people do not really wantC.that people want but don't needD.that are convenient to purchase53.Shopping goods that are considered as basically the same are those _____ .A.that satisfy similar needs of the consumerB.that consumers don't care where to buy themC.that consumers spend much time to look forD.that can be found in nearly every shop54.Unsought goods _____ .A.have to be newB.have to be standardizedC.have to be promotedD.have to be sent to consumers'ｓ homesPassage 2The listener has a given amount of energy to expend in completing the communication process. Any distraction that demands part of that energy will diminish the probability that communication will take place.One of the easiest distractions to eliminate is the too soft voice. You will find it necessary to adjust your voice level to accommodate the size of the room,the number of people in the audience, the furnishings, and the ambient noise level.The desired level is one that seems slightly greater than that normally heard in conversation.If the room is large and filled with people, you will have to put an appropriate amount of power in your voice to be easily heard. In some cases, you may require electronic amplification, which will usually enable you to speak in an ordinary conversational tone.Furnishings such as heavy carpets and drapes absorb a good deal of sound, thereby creatinga deadening effect on the speaker's voice. You should be able to judge the effects of the furnishings after speaking the first few sentences. You can then modify your voice level as necessary to account for any sound absorbing material.The ambient noise in the room may be made up of motor sounds from and overhead projector, airconditioning ,outside traffic, etc. You may find it necessary to vary your voice level at times to adjust for changes in the ambient noise level.Finally,you should be aware of cues from members of the audience who may communicate by body language an inability to hear what you are saying.55.This passage is mainly concerned with _____ .A．the communcation between a speaker and the audienceB．the use of body language in addressing an audienceC．various distractions of a speaker from the speechD．the appropriate use of voice level in public speech56.The second sentence in the first paragraph intends to render the idea that _____ .A．distractions will render communication unlikely to happenB．attention to the audience in public speech is most importantC．it takes great effort to overcome any distraction in public communicationD．it is impossible to communicate when the audience are distracted from the speech57.The second paragraph points out that it is important for a speaker _____ .A．to speak in an ordinary conversational toneB．to use electronic amplification in a large roomC．to speak in a loud voice as in conversationD．to adapt voice level to the size of the room58.According to the passage, in the course of speaking, a speaker should _____ .A．use overhead projectors to help himB．pay enough attention to the audience's reactionC．raise voice level to create special effectD．ignore any distraction from the environmentPassage 3Designing a lens can be compared to playing chess.In chess a player tries to trap his opponent's king in a series of moves. On creating a lens, lens designers attempts to “trap”light by forcing all the rays arising from a single point in the subject to converge on a single point in the image,as a consequence of their passing through a series of transparent elements with precisely curved surfaces. Since in both cases the ultimate goal and the means by which it can be attained are known, one is tempted to think there will be a single best decision at any point along the way.The number of possible consequences flowing from any one decision is so large, however, as to be virtually, if not actually, infinite. Therefore in lens design, as in chess, perfect solutions to a problem are beyond reach. The same principles apply to all lenses.The lens designer has one enormous advantage over the chess player. The designer is free tocall on any available source of help to guide him through the countless number of possibilities.Most of that help once came from mathematics and physics, but recently computer technology,information theory, chemistry, industral engineering and psychophysics have all contributed to making the designer's job immeasurably more productive. Some of the lenses on the market today were inconceivable a decade ago. Others whose design is as much as a century old can now be mass produced at low cost. With the development of automatic production methods, lenses are made by the millions, both out of glass and out of plastics. Today's lenses are better than the best lenses used by the great photographers of the past. Moreover, their price may be lower, in spite of fact that the 19th century craftsmen worked for only a few dollars a week and today's lenses are more complex. The lens desigher cannot fail to be grateful for the science and technology that have made his work easier and his creations more widely available, but he is also humbled:it is no longer practical for a fine photographic lens to be designed from beginning to end by a single human mind.59.In what way does lens design resemble chess?A.In the number of steps each takes towards the goal.B.In the designs of the two activities.C.The steps to the goals and the goal itself are known.D.Each has a doer and a competitor.60.In lens design, _____ .A.it is completely impossible to pre set the best steps along the wayB.it is always very hard to solve any problemsC.one can work out a best solution to problems in each stepD.there are countless steps towards the final goalpared with a chess player,lens designer _____ .A.can put his design to mass production.B.can draw on various sources in his workC.can reduce the cost of lens productionD.has no one to train him before taking up the work62.A lens designer in the past _____ .A.did their work betterB.did not use glass for making lensesC.was usually poorD.designed the lens all by himselfPassage 4A question that health conscious consumers may ask when buying produce is whether they are free of pesticides. But currently, there is no federal standard for pesticide free “organically grown”foods foods grown without synthetic pesticides or fertilizers. The result, says U.S. Senate Agri culture Committee Chairman Patrick Leahy, is that consumers “too often see confusing and unsubstantiated claims such as ‘organically grown’and ‘natural’”.Currently, 22 states have some kind of certification program or at least requirements for third p arty certification. Look for the words “certified organically grown”or similar wording. In most cases, that means that no synthetic pesticides have been used in three years and that no synthetic fertilizers have been used in two or three years. Even if your state does not have its own program, you may have seen organically grown produce in the marketplace. If you want to know exactly what that means, ask the store's manager or the produce buyer about how the store's “organic” produce was grown.Legislation to establish a natural standard for organically grown produce is making its way through Congress. The U．S. Department of Agriculture would be responsible for the certification program. The legislation also would establish standards for processed foods claiming organic ingredients. But in the meantime, if you want to be certain that the produce you eat is pesticide free,you have two options. You can buy your fruits and vegetables from someone you know or you can grow your own.63.The passage implies that _____ ．A．there is really no organically grown produce yetB．some foods are falsely labeledC．some states are slow in making laws concernedD．each state should stop certifying certain foods64.If certain kind of food is labeled as “certified organically”,it should mean that_____ ．A．the food is grown without any chemicals and is naturalB．it is certified in the state in which it is grownC．it is certified by the U．S． Department of AgricultureD．no synthetic pesticides or fertilizers have been used on them over a certain period of time65.The author advises consumers to _____ .A．look for foods with such words as “certified organically grown”B．grow their own food without synthetic chemicalsC．buy foods from a seller they often deal withD．make sure the foods are pesticide free before buying them66.Legislation to set up a standard for organically grown produce _____ ．A．is being debated in the CongressB．has come into effectC．is in the charge of the U．S. Department of AgricultureD．is delayed due to disagreement in CongressPassage 5Angyal described the case of a man with a domineering father who showed extreme swings of mood in relation to his son. At times, he was affectionate, played with the child, and told him interesting and imaginative stories. At other times he showed violent outbursts of rage and wouldbeat his son so badly that the child thought he would be killed. The boy had numerous fantasies, including one in which his father was killed by a cunning bandit who came to the house cleverly disguised as the father. As Angyal put it, the fantasy dramatized the child's confusion as to whether he was living in a loving house or in a cruel, alien world that merely masqueraded as pleasant. The fantasy was aimed at dispelling his confusion about the father, whose behaviour made him both God and devil．But this daydream ,implying the murder and loss of the underlying good father,was unacceptable to the boy and failed to solve his doubts. He began to behave compulsively, such as making sure when out walking to step only on stones and never to walk on the bare earth a magical hope of resolving his confusion. Once as he walked in the backyard he ran out of stones to step on and suddenly stood stuck still on the last stone between the yard and his rear steps. He stayed there for an hour until finally his father came and picked him up, freeing him from his immobility. Once the boy overheard his father saying “I live only for the family”only to hear his grandfather say: “No, you only live for yourself!”All of these seeming contradictions made the boy grow into a man endlessly shifting back and forth between positions, unable to take a stand except on irrelevant and unimportant issues in daily life.67.Angyal explained the boy's fantasy as _____ ．A．his wish to kill his fatherB．his eagerness to be lovedC．resulting from lack of loveD．his confused feeling towards his father68.The expression “masqueraded as pleasant”(the fifth sentence in paragraph 1)is closestin meaning to _____ ．A．was described as being pleasantB．was mistaken as being pleasantC．appeared pleasantD．turned out to be pleasant69.The story of the boy's walking on the stones shows that _____ .A．he wished to solve his problemB．he wanted to get his father killedC．he wished that his father could help himD．he was emotionally tolerated and had gone crazy70.What the grandfather said _____ .A．made it clear that the father was very selfishB．proved that the father had a distorted characterC．confirmed the boy in his beliefD．made the boy even more confusedPart IV English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.(15 points)The three S'ｓthe keys to making a building stay up for ever were discovered by Imhotep, architect of the 4600 year old Great Pyramid of Gizeh.They are shape, size and soil.Firstly, shape.you can't beat a pointy building with a flat base.(71) Spreading its huge weight over a wide area, and with a centre of gravity far from any edges, a pyramid cannot topple over. Other shapes can also do the trick. As the 1800 year old Pantheon in Rome demonstrates,domes can give a building enormous strength and rigidity.Size also matters:whatever else the Pyramids are, economically they are not.(72) They are massively over engineered: six million tons of limestone in the case of the Great Pyramids of Gizeh, and all to house a few burial chambers no bigger than semi detached houses. In medieval times, the great cathedrals were a little more frugally constructed, but even they'd be hopelessly expensive to build today.Yet even the mightiest buildings can be laid low if they are built on dubious soil.(73) Around 2500 B.C,the sand foundations of the half finished pyramid at Meidum gave way, and 250000 tons of its limestone surface came sliding off its sides.(74) Poor foundations could yet destroy the Leaning Tower of Pisa, still toppling at a millimetre a year, despite having 800 tons of lead stabilizer wrapped around its base.Earthquakes are the real giant-killers. Ironically, the very strength and rigidity that usually protects buildings counts against them in earthquakes, as they lack any "give".Particularly at risk are brick-built and concrete-frame buildings,which are simply torn apart by the to-and-fro motion of the ground.Rubber-padded foundations, which are used in some buildings in California, do not seem to help much either:the buildings have a nasty tendency to wobble too far.(75) Curiously,multi-story steel-framed skyscrapers fare pretty well:their gigantic size makes them vibrate very slowly in all but the biggest of quakes, and their deep foundations and frames are strong enough to withstand the movement.Part V Writing (15 points)Directions:A.Title: Travel in HolidaysB.You should write an essay based on the outline below in no less than 150 wordsC.Your essay should be written clearly on Answer Sheet II.Outline:1．很多学生利用假期旅游2．旅游之前应做的准备工作3．旅游时除观光外应该注意的事项研究生入学考试模拟英语试题[14]讲评：[词汇与结构][完型填空][阅读理解][英译汉][写作]Part I Structure and V ocabularySection A1.(C) motion,“动议”，后接同位语从句，其谓语动词应用原形表示虚拟。