盐卤虫生长和发育对4种重金属离子胁迫的响应变化_董少杰

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Repsonse of growth and development of Artemia saline to four kinds of heavy metals stressDong ShaojieDepartment of Fishery Science, Tianjin Agricultural College, Key Laboratory of Aqua- ecology and Aquaculture of TianjinTianjin, Chinadongsjhd@ Zhou Wenli*Department of Fishery Science, Tianjin Agricultural College, Key Laboratory of Aqua- ecology and Aquaculture of TianjinTianjin, Chinasaz0908@Abstract—Effects of Cr6+, Hg2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ on the condition of Artemia saline growth and development were studied. The results showed that effects of four kinds of heavy metals stress on the condition of A. saline growth and development were remarkable or high-remarkable. Growth NOECs of Cr6+ at 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h were >0.28mg/L, 0.2mg/L, <0.04mg/L and 0.24mg/L, development NOECs of Cr6+ at 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h were >0.28mg/L, 0.12mg/L, >0.28mg/L and 0.12mg/L; Growth NOECs of Hg2+ at 48h, 72h and 96h were 1.0mg/L and was <0.5mg/L at 24h, development NOECs of Hg2+ at 24h, 72h and 96h were >2.5mg/L and was <0.5mg/L at 48h; Growth NOEC of Pb2+ at 24 h, 48h, 72h and 96h was 6mg/L, 3mg/L, <3mg/L and <3mg/L, development NOEC of Pb2+ at 24h and 72h was 6mg/L and 15mg/L and were <3mg/L at 48h and 96h; Growth NOEC of Zn2+ at 24h and 72h was <0.04mg/L and 0.04mg/L and were >0.28mg/L at 48h and 96h, development NOEC of Zn2+ at 24h and 96h were <0.04mg/L and were >0.28mg/L at 48h and 72h. All four kinds of ions obviously promoted the condition of A. saline growth and development in set concentrations except that 0.04mg/L Cr6+ group offered inhibition of A. saline growth at seventy-second hour and 9mg/L Pb2+ group offered inhibition of A. saline development at twenty-fourth hour. The condition of A. saline growth and development could be used to test toxicity of low concentration heavy metal ions.Key words—Artemia Salina; Toxicity; Growth; Development盐卤虫生长和发育对4种重金属离子胁迫的响应变化董少杰1,周文礼2*1. 天津农学院水产科学系,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津,中国,3003842. 天津农学院水产科学系,天津市水产生态及养殖重点实验室,天津,中国,3003841. dongsjhd@,2. saz0908@【摘要】使用盐卤虫初孵幼体,研究了Cr6+、Hg2+、Pb2+和Zn2+四种重金属离子对盐卤虫幼体生长和发育的影响。

结果表明:四种重金属离子对卤虫幼体的生长和发育均产生显著的影响。

对实验卤虫幼体而言,Cr6+的生长NOEC值在24h、48h、72h和96h分别为0.28mg/L、0.2mg/L、<0.04mg/L和0.24mg/L;发育NOEC值分别为>0.28mg/L、0.12mg/L、>0.28mg/L 和0.12mg/L。

Hg2+的生长NOEC值在24h为<0.5mg/L,在48h、72h和96h均为1.0mg/L;发育NOEC值在24h、72h和96h均为>2.5mg/L,在48h为<0.5mg/L。

Pb2+的生长NOEC值在24 h、48h、72h和96h分别为6mg/L、3mg/L、<3mg/L 和<3mg/L;Pb2+的发育NOEC值在24h和72h分别为6mg/L和15mg/L,在48h和96h均为<3mg/L。

Zn2+的生长NOEC 值在24h为<0.04mg/L,在72h为0.04mg/L,在 48h和96h均为>0.28mg/L,Zn2+的发育NOEC值在24h和96h均为<0.04mg/L,在48h和72h均为>0.28mg/L。

四种离子中,0.04mg/L Cr6+(72)h和9mg/L 的Pb2+(24h)对卤虫的生长和发育表现出了极显著(P<0.01)的抑制作用外,此外,在试验设定浓度条件下,四种离子对卤虫的生长和发育存在显著(P< 0.05)的促进作用。

卤虫幼体的生长和发育指标可以指示较低浓度的重金属离子毒性效应。

【关键词】卤虫;毒性;生长;发育2010 First International Conference on Cellular, Molecular Biology, Biophysics and Bioengineering (CMBB)978-1-4244-9158-2/10/$26.00 ©2010 IEEE CMBB20101 引言卤虫(Artemia saline)无节幼体为无选择性的滤食性生物,其呼吸器官位于胸肢的外叶上,无鳃盖覆盖直接裸露,生活习性和生理结构决定其易受毒物攻击,常被用于环境污染物的毒性评价和生态毒理学的研究,被《海洋石油勘探开发污染物的生物毒性检验方法》(GB 18420.2—2001)列为标准试验生物[1-2]。

试验生物的死亡率是生物毒性试验方法中常用的观测指标,但在污染物浓度较低的情况下具有一定的局限性。

郑琰晶等(2007)采用无可见影响浓度(No-observed effect concentration,NOEC)为指标,研究了十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对卤虫生长和发育的影响,指出卤虫生长指标较发育指标敏感,可以作为毒性检验的观测指标[3]。

王颖等(2008)以半数有效浓度(EC50)进行量化,研究了油田污染物对卤虫体长的影响,认为卤虫体长指标比死亡指标在毒性检测中更为敏感[4]。

使用卤虫生长和发育指标检测重金属污染物毒性鲜见报道。

本文通过研究四种重金属离子对盐卤虫(Artemia saline)生长和发育的影响,研究了卤虫生长和发育作为指标指示重金属污染的毒性效应,以期为海洋重金属污染的生物毒性评价提供更多的指示指标。

2 材料与方法2.1 试验材料采用盐卤虫休眠卵(以下简称卤虫卵,为商品卵),毒性试验前24h孵化卤虫卵,选取24h内孵化的卤虫作为试验材料。

试验用水由蒸馏水和海水盐配置而成,盐度30‰。

用NaOH和HCI调节pH至8.0±0.5。

将K2Cr2O7、HgCl2、Pb(NO3)2和ZnSO4用蒸馏水配制成较高浓度储备液,进而稀释至实验浓度的试验溶液。

2.2 试验方法各离子均设置10个浓度组合和空白组(0mg/L),每浓度组设3平行,每容器加入100只卤虫,加验液体250 mL。

卤虫在光照培养箱中培养,温度28℃。

采用盐度和重金属离子浓度与试验浓度相同的试验溶液培养酵母。

分别在48h和72h后投喂1次。

试验期间不换水。

2.3 试验观察于24 h,48 h,72 h及96 h 时取样,每容器中取10只卤虫,使用75%酒精固定。

显微镜观测每只卤虫体长,并参照廖承义的方法[4]观察卤虫的发育龄期。

与对照组无显著性差异的最高浓度被视为无可见影响浓度(NOEC)[3]2.4 数据处理使用SPSS17.0软件,采用单因素方差分析和Dunnett多重比较检验重金属离子对体长影响。

卡方检验重金属离子对发育龄期的影响。

P < 0.05为差异显著;P < 0.01为差异极显著。

3 结果与分析3.1 Cr6+对卤虫生长和发育的影响3.1.1 Cr6+对卤虫生长的影响Cr6+对卤虫生长的影响结果见表1。

单因素方差分析结果表明,不同浓度的Cr6+在24 h、48 h、72h和96 h 内对卤虫的生长均有极显著的影响(P<0.01)。

多重比较结果表明,Cr6+对卤虫体长在24 h、48 h、72h和96 h的NOEC值分别为>0.28mg/L、0.2mg/L、<0.04mg/L和0.24mg/L,24h~72h期间NOEC值逐渐降低,至96h后NOEC值升高至0.24mg/L。

48h时0.24mg/L试验组卤虫体长显著长于对照组(P<0.05),96h时0.28mg/L试验组卤虫体长极显著长于对照组(P<0.01),而72h时0.04mg/L试验组卤虫体长极显著小于对照组(P<0.01)。

Table.1 Effect of Cr6+ on the growth of Artemia saline表1.Cr6+对卤虫生长的影响试验浓度(㎎·L-1)体长(mm)24h 48h 72h 96h0 2.873±0.0613.673±0.0714.320±0.0694.417±0.078 0.04 2.903±0.0763.656±0.0953.860±0.112**4.373±0.1200.08 2.886±0.0833.710±0.1003.820±0.117**4.593±0.0820.12 2.786±0.0913.826±0.0743.823±0.120**4.470±0.1010.16 2.723±0.0933.806±0.0663.810±0.078**4.556±0.0800.20 2.610±0.0563.490±0.0783.826±0.062**4.430±0.0800.24 2.936±0.0604.020±0.083* 3.803±0.108** 4.296±0.0800.28 2.923±0.0654.036±0.079* 3.800±0.094**5.173±0.075**注“﹡”表示与对照组差异显著(p<0.05),“﹡﹡”表示与对照组差异极显著(p<0.01)。