第七章译稿

Unit 7 Literature (2)Lesson 19(E—C)East of Eden(1)By John SteinbeckThe Salinas Valley is in Northern California. It is a long narrow swale betwwen two ranges of mountains, and the Salinas River winds and twists up the center until it falls at last into Monterey Bay.I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. I remember where a toad may live and what time the irds awaken in the summer—and what trees and seasons smelled like—how people looked and walked and smelled even. The memory of odors is very rich.I remember that the Gabilan Mountains to the east of the valley were light gay mountains full of sun and loveliness and a kind of invitation, so that you wanted to climb into their warm foothills almost as you want to climb into the lap of a beloved mother. They were beckoning mountains with a brown grass love. The Santa Lucias stood up against the sky to the west and kept the valley from the open sea, and they were dark and brooding—unfriendly and dangerous. I always found in myself a dread of west and a love of east. Where I ever got such an idea I cannot say, unless it could be that the morning came over the peaks of the Gabilans and the night drifted back from the ridges of the Santa Lucias. It may be that the birth and death of the day had some part in my feeling about the two ranges of mountains.From both sides of the valley little streams slpipped out of the hill canyons and fell into the bed of the Salinas River. In the winte of wet years the streams ran full-freshet, and they swelled the river until sometimes it raged and boiled, bank full, and then it was a destroyer. The river tore the edges of the farm lands and washed whole acres down; it toppled barns and houses into itself, to go floating and bobbing away. It trapped cows and pigs and sheep and drowned them in its muddy brown water and carried them to the sea. Then when the late spring came, the river drew in from its edges and the sand banks appeared. And in the summer the river didn’t run at all above ground. Some pools would be left in the deep swirl places under a high bank. The tules and grasses grew back, and willows straightened up with the flood debris in their upper branches. The Salinas was only a part-time river. The summer sun drove it underground. It was not a fine river at all, but it was the only one we had and so we boasted about it—how dangerous it was in a wet winter and how dry it was in a dry summer. You can boast about anything if it’s all you have. Maybe the less you have, the more you are required to boast.(from John Steinbeck, East of Eden, Chapter1)译文：萨利内斯河谷位于加利福民亚州北部。

现代大学英语课文译文V-7 无形人第一章(混战)拉尔夫·埃林森1．说起来大概有20年了。

我在不断地寻找，无论我在哪里，总有人要告诉我我在找的是什么。

我也接受这些解答，尽管他们往往不一致，甚至自相矛盾。

我真是幼稚。

我在寻找自我，却询问每个人，惟独不问自己这个只有我能够回答的问题。

经过了好长时间，吃了好多自找的苦头，我终于懂得了别人看起来生来就明白的道理：我不是别人，我就是我自己。

不过首先我得明白我是一个无形人!2．然而，我并非畸形．也不是历史中出现的反常现象。

我只不过是一种可能性，其他方面嘛，85年前是与别人平等的(也可以说是不平等的)。

我不因为自己的祖辈是奴隶感到羞耻，却因为自己曾经因为身世羞耻而感到内疚。

大约85年前，有人告诉他们自由了，在共同利益和社会事务方面他们和我们国家其他人息息相关，彼此的距离就像手指头。

他们也信以为真，兴高采烈。

他们安分守己，辛勤劳作，将我爸爸抚养成人，让他也像祖辈们一样生活。

不过我的爷爷却很不一样。

他是个怪老头，听人说我像他。

就是他惹了祸。

临死前，他把我爸爸叫到身边，对他说：“孩子，希望在我走了之后你能继续战斗。

我从没对你说，我们的生活就是场战争。

我当了一辈子叛徒。

自从重建时缴了枪，我就成了藏在敌国的间谍。

你要在虎口里求生，我要你对他们唯唯诺诺、笑脸相迎，只有让他们丧失理智，才能战胜他们。

你要对他们百依百顺，叫他们彻底完蛋。

让他们吞掉你们吧，直到他们撑得呕吐，胀破肚皮。

”人们以为他失去理智，因为他一直是最软弱的。

小辈们被赶出房间，百叶窗被拉下，灯光弄得很暗，灯芯劈啪作响，像老人的喘息。

“要把我的话教给孩子们，”他的声音很弱，却十分坚定，说完就断了气。

3．我的家人对爷爷的去世感到惊慌，但令他们更惊慌的是他的遗言。

他好像还活着，他的话真是让人不安。

他们再三警告我要忘掉爷爷的话。

说实话，这是我第一次和外人提起这件事。

不过，爷爷的话对我影响很大，我总搞不明白他在说什么。

Unit7Culture新编⼤学英语第⼆版第⼆册课⽂翻译Unit 7 CultureBridging Cultural Gaps Gracefully[1] Why is it that when you study a foreign language, you never learn the little phrases that let you slip into a culture without all your foreignness exposed? Every Chinese-language textbook starts out with the standard phrase for greeting people; but as an American, I constantly found myself tongue-tied when it came to seeing guests off at the door. An abrupt goodbye would not do, yet that was all I had ever learned from these books. So I would smile and nod, bowing like a Japanese and trying to find words that would smooth over the visitors' leaving and make them feel they would be welcome to come again. In my fluster, I often hid behind my Chinese husband's graciousness.[2] Then finally, listening to others, I began to pick up the phrases that eased relations and sent people off with a feeling of mission not only accomplished but surpassed.[3] Partings for the Chinese involve a certain amount of ritual and a great deal of one-upmanship. Although I'm not expected to observe or even know all the rules, as a foreigner, I've had to learn the expressions of politeness and protest that accompany a leave-taking.[4] The Chinese feel they must see a guest off to the farthest feasible point—down a flight of stairs to the street below or perhaps all the way to the nearest bus stop. I've sometimes waited half an hour or more for my husband to return from seeinga guest off, since he's gone to the bus stop and waited for the next bus to arrive.[5] For a less import ant or perhaps a younger guest, he may simply say, “I won't see you off, all right?” And of course the guest assures him that he would never think of putting him to the trouble of seeing him off. “Don't see me off! Don't see meoff!”[6] That's all very well, but when I'm the guest being seen off, my protests are always useless, and my hostess or host, or both, insists on seeing me down the stairs and well on my way, with our going through the “Don't bother to see me off” ritual at every landing. If I try to go fast to discourage them from following, they are simply put to the discomfort of having to flee after me. Better to accept the inevitable.[7] Besides, that's going against Chinese custom, because haste is to be avoided. What do you say when you part from someone? “Go slowly.” Not farewell or Godspeed, but “Go slowly.” To the Chinese it means “Take care” or “Watch your step”or some other such caution, but translated literally it means “Go slow.”[8] That same “slow” is used in another polite express ion used by the host at the end of a particularly large and delicious meal to assure his guests what a poor and inadequatehost he has been.[9] American and Chinese cultures are at polar opposites. An American hostess, complimented for her cooking skills, is likely to say, “Oh, I'm so glad that you liked it. I cooked it especially for you.” Not so a Chinese host or hostess (often the husband does the fancy cooking), who will instead apologize for giving you “nothing” even slightly edible and for not showing you enough honor by providing proper dishes.[10] The same rules hold true with regard to children. American parents speak proudly of their children's accomplishments, telling how Johnny made the school team or Jane made the honor roll. Not so Chinese parents, whose children, even if at the top of their class in school, are always so “naughty”, never studying, never listening to their elders, and so forth.[11] The Chinese take pride in “modesty”; the Americans in “straightforwardness”. That modesty has left many a Chinese hungry at an American table, for Chinese politeness calls for three refusals before one accepts an offer, and the American hosts takea “no” to mean “no”, whether it's the first, second, or third time.[12] Recently, a member of a delegation sent to China by a large American corporation complained to me about how the Chinese had asked them three times if they would be willing to modify some proposal, and each time the Americans had said “no” clearly and definitely. My friend was angry because the Chinese had not taken their word the first time. I recognized the problem immediately and wondered why the Americans had not studied up on cultural differences before coming to China. It would have saved them a lot of confusion and frustration in their negotiations.[13] Once you've learned the signals and how to respond, life becomes much easier. When guests come, I know I should immediately ask if they'd like a cup of tea. They will respond, “Please don't bother,” which is my signal to fetch tea.从容得体德跨越⽂化沟壑1 在外语学习中，学会⼀些简单的词组就能让你不知不觉地进⼊另⼀种⽂化，⽽丝毫不暴露你作为⼀个外国⼈的⾝份，但你为什么总是学不会呢？每本汉语课本都，⼀律从问候语开始的。

Unit 1 英国人和美国人的空间概念人们说英国人和美国人是被同一种语言分离开的两个伟大的民族。

英美民族之间的差异使得英语本身受到很多指责，然而，这些差异也许不应该过分归咎于语言，而应该更多的归因于其他层面上的交流：从使很多美国人感到做作的英式语音语调到以自我为中心的处理时间、空间和物品的不同方法。

如果说这世上有两种文化间的空间关系学的具体内容迥然不同，那就是在有教养（私立学校）的英国人和中产阶级的美国人之间了。

造成这种巨大差异的一个基本原因是在美国人们借助空间大小来对人或事加以分类，而在英国决定你身分的却是社会等级制度。

在美国，你的住址可以很好的暗示你的身分（这不仅适用于你的家庭住址，也适用于你的商业地址）。

住在纽波特和棕榈滩的人要比布鲁克林和迈阿密的人高贵时髦得多。

格林尼治和科德角与纽华克和迈阿密简直毫无类似之处。

座落在麦迪逊大道和花园大道的公司要比那些座落在第七大道和第八大道的公司更有情调。

街角办公室要比电梯旁或者长廊尽头的办公室更受尊敬。

而英国人是在社会等级制度下出生和成长的。

无论你在哪里看到他，他仍然是贵族，即便是在鱼贩摊位的柜台后面。

除了阶级差异，英国人和我们美国人在如何分配空间上也存在差异。

在美国长大的中产阶级美国人觉得自己有权拥有自己的房间，或者至少房间的一部分。

当我让我的美国研究对象画出自己理想的房间或办公室时，他们毫无例外的只画了自己的空间，而没有画其他人的地方。

当我要求他们画出他们现有的房间或办公室时，他们只画出他们共享房间里自己的那部分，然后在中间画一条分隔线。

无论是男性还是女性研究对象，都把厨房和主卧划归母亲或妻子的名下，而父亲的领地则是书房或休息室，如果有的话；要不然就是工场，地下室，或者有时仅仅是一张工作台或者是车库。

美国女性如果想独处，可以走进卧室、关上门。

关闭的门是“不要打扰”或“我很生气”的标志。

如果一个美国人家里或办公室的房门是开着的，则说明他现在有空。

在这样的暗示下，人们不会认为他想把自己关闭起来，而会认为他正处于一种随时响应他人的准备就绪的状态中。

第七章翻译）A knock at the door prevented me from answering his question.【译文】因为有人敲门，我无法回答他的问题。

2）The widespread application of new and more complex products will give rise to side-effects.【译文】由于广泛地应用更复杂的新产品，将产生一些副作用。

3）An intelligence test will allow us to predict the level of a student.【译文】智力测验能预测学生的实际水平。

4）The sight of the orphan always reminds me of her parents.【译文】我一见到那个孤儿，就想到他的父母。

5）In this mood, I went to diplomatic circles, earnest but only sketchingly informed.【译文】我就是怀着这种心情进入外交界的，满腔热情，但知之甚少。

6）Her child, her work, her friends were more than enough to fill her time.【译文】她照顾孩子，干工作，交朋友，这些占用了她的全部时间。

7）“I’ll make a doctor of him,” said Mrs. White.【译文】“我一定要把他培养成一个高明的医生，”怀特太太说。

8）I like the place for the very reason that (=for which) you dislike it.【译文】我喜欢那地方的原因恰恰是你不喜欢它的原因。

9）The old people, weary but excited, decided to have a rest.【译文】这些老人，虽疲劳却兴致很高，他们决定休息一下。