初中英语语法与时态语态总结表

时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，广大初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳复习一下这几种时态。

一、一般现在时：概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

时间状语：always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①am/is/are+not;②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

三、现在进行时：概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.基本结构：am/is/are+doing否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

四、过去进行时：概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

基本结构：was/were+doing否定形式：was/were + not + doing.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。

五、现在完成时：概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.基本结构：have/has + done否定形式：have/has + not +d one.一般疑问句：have或has。

六、过去完成时：概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。

时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.基本结构：had + done.否定形式：had + not + done.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

七、一般将来时：概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc. 基本结构：①am/is/are/going to + do；②will/shall + do.否定形式：①was/were + not; ②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。

八、过去将来时：概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.基本结构：①was/were/going to + do；②would/should + do.否定形式：①was/were/not + going to + do;②would/should + not + do.一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。

Ⅱ. 几种常见时态的相互转换英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常见的转换形式：一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。

但是，可用别的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间+ ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间+ since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is 来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。

请看：A. He joined the League two years ago.B. He has been in the League for two years.C. It is two years since he joined the League.D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。

此短语可与进行时态转换。

请看：Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.Peter is working, but Mike is playing.三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换在现在进行时态中go, come, leave, start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语连用表示将要发生的动作。

如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：The train is leaving soon.The train will leave soon.四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。

在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。

请看：We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday1．in English用英语2．how many多少3．a piece of bread一片而包4．four cups of tea四杯茶5．a pair of shoes一双鞋6．play chess下棋7．run after追逐8．play football踢足球9．be good at擅长10．on the basketabll team在篮球队11．scoot at the basket投篮12．the first us第一班车13．at eight在八点14．hurry up快点15．a quarter past ten十点一刻16．five to eleven差五分十一点17．the next train下一趟火车18．on Monday在周一19．a ticket for Shanghai一张飞往上海的机票20．at home在家21．a good idea好主意22．go skating去滑冰23．in the afternoon在下午24．in winter在冬季25．make a snowman堆雪人26.put on穿上，戴上第二册词组(共84个)1．in Class One，Grade One在一年级一班2．play ball games进行球类活动3．read books读书4．in summer在夏季5．have one's class上课6．on the playground在操场上7．every day每天8．the first class第一节课9．be interested in对…感兴趣10．his friend他的朋友11．go to the zoo去动物园12．collet stamps集邮13．make model cars制作汽车模型14．take pictures照相15．grow roses种植玫瑰16.go fishing去钓鱼17．Chinese food中国食物18．my parents我的父母19．two American boys两个美国男孩20．a new student一名新生21．study English学英语22．thank you谢谢23．in China在中国24．speak Japanese讲日语25．very well很好26．only a little只有一点27．a department store百货商店28．of course当然可以29．try on试穿30．have a look at看一看31．how much多少钱32．at the market在市场里33．do shopping买东西34．a post office邮局35．deliver letters送信36．take care of照顾37．run a machine开机器33．get up起床39．last year去年40．for a long time很长时间41．next year明年42．come back回来43．listen to music听音乐44．around the house在房子周围45．have a party开聚会46．have meals吃饭47．look for寻找48．the first floor第一层49，each of us我们每个人50．on the wall在墙上51．be far from离……远52．write to给……写信53．get up起床54．have breakfast(lunch,dinner,supper)吃早饭(午饭，晚饭)55．do one’s homework做作业56.go to bed上床睡觉57．watch TV看电视58．get to到达59．at home在家60.prepare for准备6I．wake up叫醒come in进来62．go into进入63．take a shower洗澡64．comb one's hair梳头65．brush one's teeth刷牙66．say goodbye to和……说再见at night在夜里67．put on穿上，戴上68．take off脱下，摘下69．good night晚安70．wash hands洗手71．take a trip旅游72．in front of在前面73．in the east(south,west,north)在东边74．by boat乘船75．in the middle在中部76．a map of China一张中国地图77．how about怎么样78．walk through走过79．go down the street沿着这条街走80．excuse me请原谅81．at the end在终点82．turn left(right)向左(右)转83．want to do sth．想要做某事84．next to旁边，隔壁第三册词组[共72个)1．at the party在聚会上2．in a low voice低声的3．give sb sth or give sth to sb给某人某物4．enjoy oneseIf玩很高兴5．have a party聚会6．make friends with sb和某人交朋友7．each other相互8．think of认为9．a lot of许多10．enjoy doing sth．喜欢做某事11．do morning exercise做早操12．a good rest好好休息13.go for a walk去散步14．lie in bed躺在床上15．plenty of大量的16．catch a cold感冒17．have a rest休息18．three times a day一天三次19．have a fever发烧20．take the medicine吃药21．be all right身体好了22．one…the other一个，另一个23．be on演出24．be over结束25．yesterday evening昨天晚上26．It's good(bad)for…对…有好处(坏处) 27．once a week每周一次28．turn on打开29．turen off关上30．nearly every day几乎每一天31．all kinds of各种各样32．at the bus stop在公共汽车站33．get on上车34．get off下车35．wait for等待某人36．show sb．round带领某人参观某地37．be busy doing sth．忙于做某事38．traffic lights交通灯39．move on继续前进40．be ready for为…做准备41．slow down减慢速度42．zebra crossing人行道43．knock...off...撞倒44．traffic rules交通法规45．road signs交通标志46．rush hours高峰期47．go sightseeing去观光48．be air,by plane乘飞机49．by sea,by ship乘船50．a few几个，—些51．most of绝大多数52．decide to do sth．决定做某事53．had better最好54．from…to...从…到…55．ask sb to do sth．要求某人做某事56．promise sb.to do sth．答应某人做某事57．make a call打电话58．take a message for sb．给某人捎个信59.pick up捡起，拾起60．cut off切断61．put down放下62．go camping去野营63．hold on稍等64．have a good time玩得高兴65．at this moment现在66．a telephone booth电话亭67．have to不得不68．send sb．sth.,send sten.to sb．送给某人某物69.pay for付款70．in the middle在中间71．You're welcome不客气72．NO PARKING禁止停车第四册词组(共118个)1．be born出生于2．visit sb拜访某人3．tell sb.sth.告诉某人某事tell sb．to do sth．告诉某人做某事4．tell sb．not to do sth．告诉某人不要做某事a)teII sb．how to do sht告诉某人怎样做某事b)go to a place to do sth去某个地方做某事c)go to England to study English去英国学习英语5．study at a middle school在中学学习6.go boating去划船go fishing去钓鱼7．go swimming去游泳go shopping去购物go skating去滑冰8．at weekends在周末9．at the age of在……年龄10．come here at half past two every Saturday afternoon每个星期六下午两点半来这儿11．take pictures照相12．in one’s spare time在业余时间13．come here to do sth.来这儿做某事14．come in进来15．sit down坐下stand up起立16．ask sb.some questions询问某人一些问题17．on May2，1984在1984年5月2日18．tell sb.the name of the street and the house number告诉某人街道名字和房间号码19．like doing sth.喜欢做某事like to do sth．喜欢做某事20．become a teacher成为一名教师want to be a doctor想成为一名教师21．return to China＝come back to China返回中国22．teach English at a famous medical college在一所著名的医科大学教英语23．tall and healthy个高又健康24．short and slim个矮又苗条25．be clever and quick in doing things在做事上聪明伶俐26．come here to learn singing来这儿学唱歌27．tell sb．a funny story给某人讲述有趣的故事28．on foot步行a)on one’s way to school在上学的路上b)on one’s way home在回家的路上c)on one’s way to the hospital在去医院的路上d)on one’s way to the cinema在去电影院的路上e)on one’s way to see a film在去看电影的路上29．see sb.do sth.看见某人做某莫事see sb．doing sth．看见某人正在做某事a)hear sb.do sth听到某人做某事hear sb.doing sth.听到某人正在做某事b)make sb．do sth迫使某人做某事help sb.(to)do sth．帮助某人做某事c)1et sb．do sth．让某人做某事had better do sth．最好做某事30.fall to the ground倒在地上31．go over走过去，复习功课32.hurry to school勿忙去上学33．be late for the first class第一节课迟到34．say with a smile微笑地说35．be glad to do sth．高兴做某事36．do a good thing(deed)做一件好事37．fall ill＝be i11生病，患病38．take sb.to a hospital把某人送到医院39．rain heavily下大雨40．on the road在公路上41．not know what to do不知道该做什么42．just then正在那时43．come up走进，上来44．in front of在……前面45．thank sb.again and again反复感谢某人46．drive away(汽车)离开run away跑开take away拿走47．right away立刻48．right now此刻，刚才，现在49．get home到家get there到达哪儿get here到达这儿50.yesterday morning昨天晚上51．leave the hospital离开医院52．no buses=not any buses没有车53．say to sb．对某人说say to oneself自言自语54．fall off跌落55．need to get up early需要早起床56．hurt my arm胳膊受伤57．What's wrong with you?=What's the matter with you?你怎么了?58．do one's homework on the computer在电脑上做作业59．have four English lessons上四节英语课60．once a week一周一次twice a year一年两次three times a month一个月三次61．do more listening and speaking做大量的听说练习do some cleaning扫除do some washing洗衣服do some shopping购物62．make good progress in English在英语方面取得很大进步63．help a lot in our studies在学习上给子很大帮助64．teach sb.English教某人英语65．get to school到达学校66．give sb．lessons给某人上课67．ask sb．to do sth．要求某人做某事ask sb．not to do sth．要求某人不要做某事68．let sb.do sth．让某人做某事1et sb.not do sth．让某人不要做某事69．not……until直到……才70．make one's lessons interesting使某人的课上的很有趣71．tell sb.how to do sth．告诉某人怎样做某事72．try to learn new things be oneself设法靠自己学一些新的知识73．want to be a history teacher想成为一名历史老师74．grow up长大75．in future在将来76．computer room(电脑)机房77．language lab语言室78．finish middle school中学毕业79．want to become(be)a designer想成为一名设计家80．wish to be doctor希望成为一名医生81．an American boy一个美国男孩儿82．study in a high school在高中学习83．in Grade Eight在八年级84．finish primary school小学毕业85．start school at the age of seven ＝begin to school when I was seven七岁开始上学86．move to Washington with his family和他全家搬到华盛顿87．be interested in对……感兴趣88．want to become a doctor of Chinese medicine想成为一名中医89．come here to learn Chinese来这儿学习中文90．a nice school一所好的学校91．instead of代替92．in many ways在许多方面93．be different from与……不同94．by the way顺便说95．come back home回家96．be sorry for为…难过，遗憾97．feel sorry for为…难过，遗憾98．burn away燃烧没了99．open the door开门100．take sb.in one's arms拥抱某人101．have some medicine吃药102．have a football match进行一场足球比赛103．have a meeting开会104．walk back向后走105．give sth.back to sb.把某物还给某人106.work through the night通宵工作107．get through the examinations＝pass the exam通过考试108．happen to发生l09．knock at the door敲门110．want to do sth.想做…111．fall down掉下来112．begin to do sth.开始做…113．have some tea喝茶114．have sports进行体育锻炼115．have a bad coId得了重感冒116．have a good time玩的很高兴117．keep back向后退118．so…that如此…以至于…第五册词组t共372个〕1．near the fireplace在火炉旁2．sit down坐下3．jump up跳起来4．be angry with sb.跟某人生气5．get into the room through the window从窗户进入房间6．have lessons上课7．have to必须，不得不8．be wet through全部湿透9．on one's back在某人的背上10．read through the newspaper通读报纸11．be cold and hungry又冷又饿12．next morning第二天早晨13．make sth.for sb.为某人做…14．buy sth.for sb.为某人买东西15．help sb．with sth.在某方面帮助某人help sb．(to)do sth．帮助某人做某事16．run out of the house跑出房间17．keep sth.保留东西18．keep oneself clean保持个人卫生19．a bit cheapcr便宜一点儿20．hand sth．to sb.把某物递给某人．hand in sth．to sb．上交某人某物21．put up one's hand举手22．put on穿上take off脱下23．jump up跳起24．be ready to do sth淮备做某事25．all kinds of各种各样26．show sb.sth.向某人展示某事27．begin to do sth．开始做某事28．make…from用……制作29．be back soon一会儿就回来30．in one's hand在手里31.again and again一次又一次32．wait a moment等一会33．have no money没钱34．come back withouu the coat没有穿衣服回来35．understand his kind father理解他好心的父亲36．be afraid害怕37．a map of Beijing(China,the world)一张北京地图38．at the end of this class这节课结束39．Sorry to trouble you.对不起给你找麻烦了。