复旦大学2000年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷
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2000年全国硕士研究生人学统一考试
数学二试题
一、填空题(本题共5小题.每小题3分.满分l5分把答案填在题中横线上)
二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,满分15分。
每小题给出的四个选项中.只有一项符合题目要求。
把所选项前的字母填在题后的括号内)
三、(本题满分5分)
四、(本题满分5分)
五、(本题满分5分)
六、(本题满分6分)
七、(本题满分7分)
八、(本题满分6分)
九、(本题满分7分)
十、(本题满分8分)
十一、(本题满分8分)
十二、(本题满分6分)
十三、(本题满分7分)
参考答案
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精品文档。
2000年硕士学位研究生考试试题(一)一、基本概念1.均匀应变与非均匀应变;2.蠕变与松驰;3.压溶作用;4.晶质塑性;5.叠加褶皱;6.断层擦痕的倾伏与侧伏;7.深成侵入岩体形成的底辟作用与气球膨胀作用;8.岩石再造作用二、试述岩层、岩体接触关系的研究内容与研究意义三、简述根据岩层等倾斜线变化的褶皱分类(Ramsay 分类)及其意义四、试述构造岩的分类与各种类型的基本特征五、简述变质岩的成层性与成因一、基本概念1.均匀应变与非均匀应变如果(物体内)变形前形状与方向相似的两部分在变形后仍然保持其相似性,这种应变称为均匀应变;否则称为非均匀应变。
均匀应变的特点是,变形前的直线变形后仍为直线;变形前的平行线变形后仍是平行线。
均匀应变的典型实例是杆状物体的均匀拉伸或收缩。
在这种变形体中的一个圆,就会变成一个椭圆,称为应变椭圆。
在三维变形中的圆球就变成椭球,称为应变椭球体。
物体内一点上应变椭球的三个主轴方向称为应变主轴(X,Y和Z),在变形作用过程中它们保持相互垂直。
应变椭球体内的主平面叫做应变主平面。
在非均匀应变中,直线经变形后变成曲线或折线;平行的直线失去其平行性。
物体内的圆或圆球体变形后将不变成椭球或椭球体。
如果物体内各点间的应变特点是逐渐变化的,称为连续变形,否则称为不连续变形。
自然界的变形过程,非均匀应变是普遍现象。
对于连续的非均匀应变,可以考虑将变形物体分割成无数个无限小单元体,那么每个无限小单元体内的应变就可以视为均匀应变。
2.蠕变与松驰蠕变是在应力不增加的情况下,随着时间的增长变形继续缓慢增加的现象;松弛指当应变保持恒定时,随时间的增长应力逐渐减小的现象。
这两种现象的存在都说明长时间缓慢变形会降低岩石的强度。
3.压溶作用由于粒间孔隙流体的存在,变形岩石内的颗粒在应力作用下出现溶解和物质迁移过程,表现为沿颗粒面向高压应力一侧颗粒边界溶解,溶解物质在流体内扩散、迁移并于低压应力一侧沉淀。
物质的扩散迁移过程主要受应力作用梯度引起的化学势梯度的存在所制约。
2000年硕士学位研究生考试试题(二)一、基本概念1.地质构造的尺度;2.碎裂流动;3.压溶作用;4.断层效应;5.断层擦痕的倾伏与侧伏;6.深成侵入岩体形成的底辟作用与气球膨胀作用;7.构造序列和构造组合;8.变质核杂岩二、试述岩层、岩体接触关系的研究内容与研究意义三、试述褶皱的位态(产状)分类及其意义四、试述构造岩的分类与各种类型的基本特征五、简述构造置换作用的基本过程及其研究意义一、基本概念1.地质构造的尺度:也即地质构造的规模。
地质构造的规模变化很大,从地壳尺度或全球规模、地区尺度或中比例尺区域规模、露头或手标本规模,至显微乃至亚微尺度。
在不同的尺度上,地质构造的表现形式具有一定的差异。
传统构造地质学研究多限于对中比例尺区域规模、露头尺度和手标本尺度地质构造的描述、分析。
现代科学技术的发展及其在构造地质学学科研究中的渗透与应用,却大大地拓宽了构造地质学的研究尺度与研究领域,现代构造地质学的研究领域特点表现为,在传统构造地质学研究领域的基础上,宏观更宏观,从手标本尺度向区域乃至全球尺度发展;微观更微,到应用显微镜的微观尺度和利用电子显微镜的亚微尺度。
2.碎裂流动:是一种典型的岩石脆性变形机制。
岩石的破裂、岩石碎块的旋转与位移是这种变形机制的基本过程。
在碎裂流动作用过程中,岩石破裂或较大砾径的旋转、位移过程产生的空隙与岩石结构的不协和性由较小砾径的角砾或热液充填的脉体物质协调。
碎裂流动形成的典型构造岩包括断层泥、碎裂岩和断层角砾岩。
碎裂流动常常出现在低温、高应变速率和高流体压力条件下(Passchier 和Trouw,1996),主要具有以下特点:1)角砾砾径变化大;2)角砾可以为复成分角砾、或是由单晶构成,但更多情况下由多晶集合体构成;3)角砾呈棱角状、具有平直的边界;4)角砾无一定的颗粒形态优选。
5)角砾内的矿物颗粒含有很多缠结位错亚结构。
3.压溶作用:由于粒间孔隙流体的存在,变形岩石内的颗粒在应力作用下出现溶解和物质迁移过程,表现为沿颗粒面向高压应力一侧颗粒边界溶解,溶解物质在流体内扩散、迁移并于低压应力一侧沉淀。
2000年全国硕士研究生入学考试政治试题及答案(理科)一、下列每题的选项中,有一项是最符合题意的。
请在答题纸上将所选项的字母涂黑。
(每小题1分,共16分)1.中国古代哲学家荀子说:“心不使焉,则白黑在前而目不见,雷鼓在侧而耳不闻。
”这段话表明人的具有A.客观性B.能动性C.对象性D.任意性2.相信“意念移物”,甚至相信可以用意念来直接改变物质结构,就是信奉A.主张精神主宰客观物质世界的主观唯心论B.主张精神是脱离人脑独立存在的客观唯心论C.认为人的思想是特殊物质的机械唯物主义D.认为人具有主观能动性的实践唯物主义3.主观辩证法与客观辩证法的关系是A.反映与被反映的关系B.唯心主义与唯物主义的关系C.抽象与具体的关系D.唯心辩证法与唯物辩证法的关系4.马克思在研究商品时,之所以考察商品的使用价值,因为使用价值是A.构成财富的物质内容B.人类生存、发展的物质条件C.满足人们需要的物质实体D.商品交换价值的物质承担者5.分析资本主义生产过程是劳动过程和价值增殖过程的统一,关键是运用A.商品二因素原理B.资本区分为不变资本的原理和可变资本的原理C.资本区分为固定资本和流动资本的原理D.劳动二重性原理6.在揭示资本主义工资本的本质问题上,首先要区分A.必要劳动和剩余劳动B.劳动和劳动力C.具体劳动和抽象劳动D.私人劳动和社会劳动7.国家垄断资本主义的产生和发展从根本上说是A.国内市场竞争激化的结果B.国际竞争激化的结果C.垄断统治加强的结果D.生产社会化与资本主义私人占有制之间矛盾发展的结果8.“统帅革命的资本主义,联合革命的无产阶级,实行资产阶级民主革命。
”这一观点的错误实质在于A.抹煞农民阶级的革命性B.夸大资产阶级的作用C.放弃无产阶级的领导权D.忽视武装斗争的重要性9.1942年延安整风运动的中心任务是A.反对主观主义以整顿学风B.反对宗派主义以整顿党风C.反对党八股以整顿文风D.反对官僚主义以整顿作风10.毛泽东完整地提出新民主主义革命总路线和总政策的著作是A.《中国社会各阶级的分析》B.《新民主主义论》C.《在晋绥干部会议上的讲话》D.《论人民民主专政》11.在近代中国社会的诸矛盾中,最主要的是A.帝国主义和中华民族的矛盾B.封建主义和人民大众的矛盾C.资本主义和无产阶级的矛盾D.反动统治阶级内部的矛盾12.现阶段,以劳动者的劳动联合和劳动者的资本联合为主的股份合作制属于A.国有经济B.集体经济C.个体经济D.私营经济13.社会主义初级阶段是指A.任何国家进入社会主义都会经历的起始阶段B.资本主义向社会主义的过渡阶段C.我国生产力落后,商品经济不发达条件下建设社会主义必然经历的阶段D.新民主主义向社会主义过渡的阶段14.我国经济增长方式的根本转变,是指由A.计划经济向市场经济转变B.粗放型向集约型转变C.追求速度向注重效益转变D.注重数量向注重质量转变15.依法治国是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略,其根本目的在于A.维护宪法和法律在国家政治、经济和社会生活中的权威B.依法打击敌视和破坏社会主义的敌对分子,维护社会稳定C.保证人民充分行使当家作主的权利,维护人民当家作主的地位D.确保国家各项工作有法可依,依法行政16.1999年10月,国家立法机构拒绝批准由联合国大会通过的《本国禁止核试验条约》的有核国家是A.英国B.美国C.俄罗斯D.法国二、下列每题的选项中,至少有一项是符合题意的。
2000年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案Section I Structure and VocabularyPart ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times ________ 1979.[A] from[B] after[C] for[D] sinceThe sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose [D]Sample Answer[A] [B] [C] [■]1. As I'll be away for at least a year, I'd appreciate ________ from you now and then telling me how everyone is getting along.[A] hearing[B] to hear[C] to be hearing[D] having heard2. Greatly agitated, I rushed to the apartment and tried the door, ________ to find it locked.[A] just[B] only[C] hence[D] thus3. Doctors see a connection between increase amounts of leisure time spent ________ and the increased number of cases of skin cancer.[A] to sunbathe[B] to have sunbathed[C] having sunbathed[D] sunbathing4. Unless you sign a contract with the insurance company for your goods, you are not entitled ________ a repayment for the goods damaged in delivery.[A] to[B] with[C] for[D] on5. On a rainy day I was driving north through Vermont ________ I noticed a young man holding up a sign reading "Boston".[A] which[B] where[C] when[D] that6. Christie stared angrily at her boss and turned away, as though ________ out of the office.[A] went[B] gone[C] to go[D] would go7. The roles expected ________ old people in such a setting give too few psychological satisfactions for normal happiness.[A] of[B] on[C] to[D] with8. Talk to anyone in the drug industry, ________ you'll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.[A] or[B] and[C] for[D] so9. It wasn't so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn't interested in the whole business.[A] rather[B] so[C] than[D] as10. Countless divorced politicians would have been elected out of office years ago had they even thought of a divorce, let alone ________ one.[A] getting[B] to get[C] gotten[D] getPart BDirections:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts marked [A], [B], [C], and [D]. Identify the part of the sentence that is incorrect and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(5 points)Example:A number of [A] foreign visitors were taken [B] to the industrial exhibition, which [C] they saw [D] many new products.Answer [C] is wrong. The sentence should read, "A number of foreign visitors were taken to the industrial exhibition, where they saw many new products." So you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■] [D]11. Having isolatedA on a remote island, withB little work to occupyC them, the soldiers suffered from boredom and low spiritsD.12. If the letter to be mailedA was placedB on the writing table an hour ago,it isC certain beingD there now.13. The rulingA party could even lose itsB majority in the lower house of parliament, startedC a period of prolonged strugglingD.14. The mechanisms atA work are manifestB in the tendency for such physical activity toC utilize the potentialD harmful constituents of the stress response.15. InA the long run, however, this hurry to shedB full-time staff may be moreC harmful to industry as it is toD the workforce.16. See to itA that you include inB the examination paper whateverC questions they didn't know the answerD last time.17. Most newspapers, while devotingA the major part of itsB space to recent events, usually manage to find roomC on the inside pages for articles onD some interesting topics.18. One sign by whichA you are making progress in an artB such as painting or photography is thatC you begin to realize how much there isD to learn.19. The ideal listener stays both inside and outsideA the music at the moment it is played and enjoyingB it almost as much asC the composer at the moment he composesD.20. ContinuedA exposure to stress has been linked to worsenedB functioning of the immune system, leavingC a person more liable forD infection.Directions:Beneath each of the following sentences, there four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found ________ in the woods off the highway.[A] vanished[B] scattered[C] abandoned[D] rejectedThe sentence should read, "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway." Therefore, you should choose [C].Sample Answer[A] [B] [■][D]21. He spoke so ________ that even his opponents were won over by his arguments.[A] bluntly[B] convincingly[C] emphatically[D] determinedly22. France's ________ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.[A] assumption[B] consumption[C] presumption[D] resumption23. The 215-page manuscript, circulated to publishers last October, ________ an outburst of interest.[A] flared[B] glittered[C] sparked[D] flashed24. His efforts to bring about a reconciliation between the two Parties ________.[A] came off[B] came on[C] came round[D] came down25. The system was redesigned to embrace the network and eventually ________ it in a profitable direction.[A] adapt[B] control[C] install[D] steer26. The capital intended to broaden the export base and ________ efficiency gains from international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.[A] secure[B] extend[C] defend[D] possess27. It is announced that a wallet has been found and can be ________ at the manager's office.[A] declared[B] obtained[C] reclaimed[D] recognized28. When I ________ my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.[A] woke up[B] took to[C] picked up[D] came to29. The American society is ________ an exceedingly shaky foundation of natural resources, which is connected with the possibility of a worsening environment.[A] established on[B] affiliated to[C] originated from[D] incorporated with30. I am not ________ with my roommate but I have to share the room with her, because I have nowhere else to live.[A] concerned[B] compatible[C] considerate[D] complied31. At first, the ________ of color pictures over a long distance seemed impossible, but, with painstaking efforts and at great expense, it became a reality.[A] transaction[B] transmission[C] transformation[D] transition32. When the committee ________ to details, the proposed plan seemed impractical.[A] got down[B] set about[C] went off[D] came up33. ________ to some parts of South America is still difficult, because parts of the continent are still covered with thick forests.[A] Orientation[B] Access[C] Procession[D] Voyage34. Mr. Smith had an unusual ________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.[A] profession[B] occupation[C] position[D] career35. The mayor is a woman with great ________ and therefore deserves our political and financial support.[A] intention[B] instinct[C] integrity[D] intensity36. The English weather defies forecast and hence is a source of interest ________ to everyone.[A] speculation[B] attribution[C] utilization[D] proposition37. The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs ________ it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.[A] renders[B] reckons[C] regards[D] relates38. To impress a future employer, one should dress neatly, be ________, and display interest in the job.[A] swift[B] instant[C] timely[D] punctual39. You don't have to install this radio in your new car, it's an ________ extra.[A] excessive[B] optional[C] additional[D] arbitrary40. We were pleased to note that the early morning delivery didn't ________ to the traffic jam of the busy city.[A] aid[B] amount[C] add[D] attributeSection II Cloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)If a farmer wishes to succeed, he must try to keep a wide gap between his consumption and his production. He must store a large quantity of grain __41__ consuming all his grain immediately. He can continue to support himself and his family __42__ he produces a surplus. He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance __43__ the unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to __44__ old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to __45__ the soil. He may also need money to construct irrigation __46__ and improve his farm in other ways. If no surplus is available, a farmer cannot be __47__. He must either sell some of his property or __48__ extra funds in the form of loans. Naturally he will try to borrow money at a low __49__ of interest, but loans of this kind are not __50__ obtainable.41. [A] other than[B] as well as[C] instead of[D] more than42. [A] only if[B] much as[C] long before[D] ever since43. [A] for[B] against[C] of[D] towards44. [A] replace[B] purchase[C] supplement[D] dispose45. [A] enhance[B] mix[C] feed[D] raise46. [A] vessels[B] routes[C] paths[D] channels47. [A] self-confident[B] self-sufficient[C] self-satisfied[D] self-restrained48. [A] search[B] save[C] offer[D] seek49. [A] proportion[B] percentage[C] rate[D] ratio50. [A] genuinely[B] obviously[C] presumably[D] frequentlySection III Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Text 1A history of long and effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, it may become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled. America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans and Asians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over their fading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such as consumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreign competition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith. (Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July.) Foreign-made cars and textiles were sweeping into the domestic market. America's machine-tool industry was on the ropes. For a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which America had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty.All of this caused a crisis of confidence. Americans stopped taking prosperity for granted. They began to believe that their way of doing business was failing, and that their incomes would therefore shortly begin to fall as well. The mid-1980s brought one inquiry after another into the causes of America's industrial decline. Their sometimes sensational findings were filled with warnings about the growing competition from overseas.How things have changed! In 1995 the United States can look back on five years of solid growth while Japan has been struggling. Few Americans attribute this solely to such obvious causes as a devalued dollar or the turning of the business cycle. Self-doubt has yielded to blind pride. "American industry has changed its structure, has gone on a diet, has learnt to be more quick-witted," according to Richard Cavanagh, executive dean of Harvard's Kennedy School of Government. "It makes me proud to be an American just to see how our businesses are improving their productivity," says Stephen Moore of the Cato Institute, a think-tank in Washington, DC. And William Sahlman of the Harvard Business School believes that people will look back on this period as "a golden age of business management in the United States."51. The U.S. achieved its predominance after World War II because ________.[A] it had made painstaking efforts towards this goal[B] its domestic market was eight times larger than before[C] the war had destroyed the economies of most potential competitors[D] the unparalleled size of its workforce had given an impetus to its economy52. The loss of U.S. predominance in the world economy in the 1980s is manifested in the fact that the American ________.[A] TV industry had withdrawn to its domestic market[B] semiconductor industry had been taken over by foreign enterprises[C] machine-tool industry had collapsed after suicidal actions[D] auto industry had lost part of its domestic market53. What can be inferred from the passage?[A] It is human nature to shift between self-doubt and blind pride.[B] Intense competition may contribute to economic progress.[C] The revival of the economy depends on international cooperation.[D] A long history of success may pave the way for further development.54. The author seems to believe the revival of the U.S. economy in the 1990s can be attributed to the ________.[A] turning of the business cycle[B] restructuring of industry[C] improved business management[D] success in educationBeing a man has always been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal of male mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girls do. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys in those crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, another chance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of a baby (particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram too light or too heavy meant almost certain death. Today it makes almost no difference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent of evolution has gone.There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again, differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished. India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.For us, this means that evolution is over; the biological Utopia has arrived. Strangely, it has involved little physical change. No other species fills so many places in nature. But in the pass 100,000 years -- even the pass 100 years -- our lives have been transformed but our bodies have not. We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they "look at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship, as at something wholly beyond his comprehension." No doubt we will remember a 20th century way of life beyond comprehension for its ugliness. But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were, they will look just like us.55. What used to be the danger in being a man according to the first paragraph?[A] A lack of mates.[B] A fierce competition.[C] A lower survival rate.[D] A defective gene.56. What does the example of India illustrate?[A] Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.[B] Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.[C] The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.[D] India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.57. The author argues that our bodies have stopped evolving because ________.[A] life has been improved by technological advance[B] the number of female babies has been declining[C] our species has reached the highest stage of evolution[D] the difference between wealth and poverty is disappearing58. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?[A] Sex Ration Changes in Human Evolution[B] Ways of Continuing Man's Evolution[C] The Evolutionary Future of Nature[D] Human Evolution Going NowhereWhen a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right -- it can hardly be classed as Literature.This, in brief, is what the Futurist says: for a century, past conditions of life have been conditionally speeding up, till now we live in a world of noise and violence and speed. Consequently, our feelings, thoughts and emotions have undergone a corresponding change. This speeding up of life, says the Futurist, requires a new form of expression. We must speed up our literature too, if we want to interpret modern stress. We must pour out a large stream of essential words, unhampered bystops, or qualifying adjectives, or finite verbs. Instead of describing sounds we must make up words that imitate them; we must use many sizes of type and different colored inks on the same page, and shorten or lengthen words at will.Certainly their descriptions of battles are confused. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river -- and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers: "Pluff! Pluff! A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature. All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression. The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?59. This passage is mainly ________.[A] a survey of new approaches to art[B] a review of Futurist poetry[C] about merits of the Futurist movement[D] about laws and requirements of literature60. When a novel literary idea appears, people should try to ________.[A] determine its purposes[B] ignore its flaws[C] follow the new fashions[D] accept the principles61. Futurists claim that we must ________.[A] increase the production of literature[B] use poetry to relieve modern stress[C] develop new modes of expression[D] avoid using adjectives and verbs62. The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.[A] based on reasonable principles[B] new and acceptable to ordinary people[C] indicative of basic change in human nature[D] more of a transient phenomenon than literatureAimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe. But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values. Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs. In a recent survey, it was found that only 24.5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67.2 percent of students in the United States. In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than did their counterparts in the 10 other countries surveyed.While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression. "Those things that do not show up in the test scores -- personality, ability, courage or humanity -- are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee. "Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild." Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers. Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents."But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles. "In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it's never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure." With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households. Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes (travels to and from work) and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell. In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter.63. In the Westerner's eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.[A] under aimless development[B] a positive example[C] a rival to the West[D] on the decline64. According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?[A] Women's participation in social activities is limited.[B] More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs.[C] Excessive emphasis his been placed on the basics.[D] The life-style has been influenced by Western values.65. Which of the following is true according to the author?[A] Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder.[B] Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity.[C] More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity.[D] Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking.66. The change in Japanese Life-style is revealed in the fact that ________.[A] the young are less tolerant of discomforts in life[B] the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U.S.[C] the Japanese endure more than ever before[D] the Japanese appreciate their present lifeText 5If ambition is to be well regarded, the rewards of ambition -- wealth, distinction, control over one's destiny -- must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition's behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it must be widely shared; and it especially must be highly regarded by people who are themselves admired, the educated not least among them. In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have given up on ambition as an ideal. What is odd is that they have perhaps most benefited from ambition -- if not always their own then that of their parents and grandparents. There is heavy note of hypocrisy in this, a case of closing the barn door after the horses have escaped -- with the educated themselves riding on them.Certainly people do not seem less interested in success and its signs now than formerly. Summer homes, European travel, BMWs -- the locations, place names and name brands may change, but such items do not seem less in demand today than a decade or two years ago. What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams, as easily and openly as once they could, lest they be thought pushing, acquisitive and vulgar. Instead, we are treated to fine hypocritical spectacles, which now more than ever seem in ample supply: the critic of American materialism with a Southampton summer home; the publisher of radical books who takes his meals in three-star restaurants; the journalist advocating participatory democracy in all phases of life, whose own children are enrolled in private schools. For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional, the proper formulation is, "Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious."The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longerfeel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life.67. It is generally believed that ambition may be well regarded if ________.[A] its returns well compensate for the sacrifices[B] it is rewarded with money, fame and power[C] its goals are spiritual rather than material[D] it is shared by the rich and the famous68. The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that it is ________.[A] customary of the educated to discard ambition in words[B] too late to check ambition once it has been let out[C] dishonest to deny ambition after the fulfillment of the goal[D] impractical for the educated to enjoy benefits from ambition69. Some people do not openly admit they have ambition because ________.[A] they think of it as immoral[B] their pursuits are not fame or wealth[C] ambition is not closely related to material benefits[D] they do not want to appear greedy and contemptible70. From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained ________.[A] secretly and vigorously。
政治学原理复旦大学1996年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(政治学原理)一、名词解释(每题5分,共30分)1、唯物政治观;2,国家结构;3,社会共和国;4、政治管理;5,政治心理的构成要素;6,"文明的冲突"二、试论国家是从社会分化出来的管理机构(15分)三、试论马克思关于未来社会是自由人的联合体这一思想的内容和意义(20分)四、试论政治社会化的基本特点(15分)五、简论"改革是中国的第二次改革"(20分)复旦大学1997年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(政治学原理)一、简要解释(每题5分,共30分)1、基层群众自治;2,法治政治;3,新公共行政学派;4、官职职业化;5,市民社会;6,国际政治的主体二、试述无产阶级政策和策略(15分)三、试论西方国家政治体制中的"分权制衡"原则。
(20分)四、简论民族与国家的关系(15分)五、试论社会主义政治与精神文明。
(20分)复旦大学1998年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(政治学原理)一、简要解释(每题5分,共30分)1、政治权力;2,系统管理学派;3,"非国家实体";4、城邦民主政体;5.政治文化;6,"天人感应"二、试论国家与民族的关系(15分)三、试述现代政党的特征(15分)四、简论法国半总统制与美国总统制的异同(20分)五、试论我国社会主义初级阶段民主政治建设(20分)复旦大学1999年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题(政治学原理)一、简要解释(每题5分,共30分)1、基层群众自治;2、"一党独大制";3、国家结构;4、委员会共和制;5、策略性政治决策;6、柏拉图的"心灵论"二、为什么说我国社会主义改革是又一次革命(15分)三、试述资本主义国家政治参与的性质和形态(20分)四、试论民族独立国家独立自强发展道路的特点。
复旦大学2000年企业经营管理专业课考研真题试卷
一.名词解释(每题4分,五题,共计20分)
1)管理创新
2)共同愿景
3)促销组合
4)垂直营销系统
5)预算控制
二.简述题(18%)
1)简述有效沟通的7“C”准则。
2)比较产品导向与市场导向两种不同销售理念的特点。
3)试述决定分权的因素及其重要性。
三.计算题(30%)
1)假定国债面值为100元,现市场上一年期(指一年后到期按面值兑现,以下类推)贴现国债价格为90.91元,二年期贴现国债价格为81.16元。
现欲发行二年期附息国债,年利率为12%,一年支付一次利息,问该国债发行价格的理论值为多少?为什么?2)某企业的旧设备还能使用2年,每年产生净现金流入为4000万元,现打算以新换旧,新设备投资额为15000万元,使用期为3年,每年产生净现金流入为8000万元,旧设备现在税后残值为
8000万元,一年后降为7000万元,企业的资本成本为6%。
现对企业有三种选择:现在更新,一年后更新,以及不更新,你认为哪种更可取,或者你有更好的建议?为什么?
四.论述题(32%)
1)试述企业生命周期阶段与管理模式重组的问题。
2)试述市场领先这保持其领先地位的营销策略及其合理性。
2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案与解析PartⅠCloze Test1.C2.A3.B4.A5.C6.D7.B8.D9.C10.DPartⅡReading ComprehensionPassage111.C12.D13.B14.APassage215.C16.B17.A18.DPassage319.B20.A21.C22.DPassage423.B24.D25.C26.APassage527.A28.C29.D30.BPartⅢEnglish-Chinese Translation31.在现代条件下,这需要程度不同的集中控制措施,从而就需要获得诸如经济学和运筹学等领域的专家的协助。
32.再者,显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关,而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力。
33.大众通讯的显著发展使各地的人们不断感到有新的需求,不断接触到新的习俗和思想。
由于上述原因,政府常常得推出更多的革新。
34.在先期实现工业化的欧洲国家中,其工业化进程以及随之而来的各种深刻的社会结构变革,持续了大约一个世纪之久,而如今一个发展中国家在十年左右就可能完成这个过程。
35.由于人口的猛增或人口的大量流动(现代交通工具使这种流动相对容易)造成的种种问题也会对社会造成新的压力。
SectionⅣWriting(15points)36.见分析PartⅠClose Test一、文章总体分析本文是一篇短小的论证性文章,其主题是强调农民储存余粮的必要性。
文章①句提出论点:农民想成功,就必须努力保持消费和生产之间有较大的差距。
②句对①句进行具体的解释:即他必须存储大量的粮食。
③④⑤从正面论述储存余粮的必要性:③句总说可以养家糊口;④⑤句具体说可以留作播种、应对恶劣天气影响及作为商品卖掉以满足农业再生产等需要。
⑥⑦⑧句论述没有余粮的危害:不能自给自足,从反面论证储存余粮的必要性。
二、试题具体解析1.\[A\]other than不同于,除了……[B]as well as也,又(表示附加)[C]instead of而不是……(表选择)[D]more than比……更多(表比较)本题考核的知识点是:逻辑关系。
复旦金融试题
复旦大学2000年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 报考专业:财政学 金融学 考试科目:金融学 一.填空(20分) 1.《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》规定,我国货币政策目标为 。 2.在中国人民银行的资产中, 占很大的比重,是我国基础货币吞吐的主要渠道和调节贷款流向的重要手段。 3.利率的变动引起公众财富的增减,进而影响私人消费开支的变动,这称为利率的 效应。 4.60年代,美联储为了改善国际收支和促进经济增长,在公开市场*作中实行“扭曲*作”,** 期公债,购入 期公债。 5.目前我国各银行开办的活期储蓄存款,从货币银行学理论来看,是西方银行的 存款。 6.凯恩斯的利率---投机理论认为,人们预期利率上升,社会 对货币的需求。 7.中央银行业务*作情况集中反映在一定时期的资产负债表上。中央银行可以通过调整 ,影响 ,间接调节 实现对金融宏观调控。 8.偿债率是指 。 9.欧洲货币市场的利率体系的基础是 。 10.劳尔森---梅茨勒效应认为,贬值引起的自主性吸收的变动趋势是 (增,减)。 11.在固定以及浮动汇率制下,都存在的自动调整机制是 与利率机制。 12.BP曲线越平坦,就意味着资金流动度越 。 13.货币论认为,本国国民收入增长会使本国货币 (升值或贬值)。 14.偏好即期消费的国家,在当期应该追求的经常帐户余额是 。 16.流出美国的美元超过美国黄金储备的余额被称为 。 17.金本位制下的内外均衡实现机制是 。 二.名词解释(20分) 1.金融衍生工具 2.信贷承诺与信贷限额 3.内源融资 4.国际投资头寸 5.对冲基金 6.托宾税 三 。简答题(20分) 1.当资金不完全流动时,固定汇率制下的财政,货币政策效力如何? 2.货币供给外生性和内生性的争论有什么政策含义? 四.论述题(30分) 1.请分析1992年以来中国宏观经济的内外均衡关系,并论述在当前形势下,应如何通过有效的政策措施实现我国经济的内外均衡。 2.金融创新指的是什么?为什么创新活动形成一种趋势?从经济发展的角度来看,创新的积极意义何在,同时带来哪些问题?
复旦金融历年试题! 斑竹说的那些我没有找到下的地方。这是我收集到的部分试题,供参考 复旦大学1999年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 报考专业:财政学(含:税收学)金融学(含:保险学) 考试科目:金融学 一.填空题(20分) 1.根据国际收支平衡表的复式记帐原则。凡有利于国际收支平衡顺差增加或者逆差减少的 或 均记入贷方。 2.如果商业银行浮动利率资产金额大于浮动利率负债金额,当市场利率上升时,该银行的利率将 。 3.打卫。休莫关于国际收支调节的货币------价格机制,称为 。 4.凯恩斯在“流动性偏好说”提出的因投机动机而产生的货币需求量与 有关。 5.国际收支调节政策中的支出增减型政策与支出转换型政策的根本区别在于 。 6.目前,大多数经济学家都认为应当根据 来定义货币,确定货币供应量的范围。 7.实际汇率的含义有二种,一是以名义汇率减去通货膨胀率,二是以 。 8.在当代, 成为各国中央银行的基本职能。 在套利交易中,为规避两种货币远期汇率变动的汇率风险,通常将套利与 同时进行。 10.在财政收支出现赤字时,财政部持有现金和在中央银行的存款倾向于减少,这会 基础货币。 11.中央银行为维持汇率稳定,被迫在外汇市场买入外汇时,会扩大基础货币供应量,通过在公开市场*出等额证券,基础货币回复到原来水平,这种*作方法称为 。 12.决定货币替代的因素包括:本国货币的汇率,相对通货膨胀率和 。 13.基础乘数表示的是 与派生存款的倍数关系。 14.特里芬关于储备需求数量管理的比率法认为储备与年进口额的比率应该维持在 。 15.在IMF的普通贷款中,最基本的两类贷款是储备部分贷款和 。 16.如果以1950年各类商品价格总水平基数为100,测算出1994年的物价指数为286.2,这说明1950年到1994年物价总水平提高了 。 17.1992年英镑和里拉危机后,欧洲货币体系将允许波动的幅度放大到中心汇率的上下 各 。 18.货币派强调 在整个货币政策传导机制上的直接效果。 19.资金缺口是指 之间的差额。
二.名词解释(中文回答,20分) 1.Delor’s Report 2. The Shiftability Thoery 3. Overhang 4. Strategy of Conquest
三.简答题(20分) 1.请比较吸收分析法与货币分析法关于贬值效应的记述。 2.“货币供给新论”的主要观点是什么?与“旧论”比较,其新颖之处何在?
四.论述题(40分) 1.请分别运用购买力平价理论和利率平价理论分析下列人民币汇率问题:(1)1994年----1997年,人民币对由贬值和对外升值并存的现象;(2)1998年初到10月底,中国人民银行先后三次和两次下调美元和人民币利率,美联储9,10两月先后两次调整联邦基金利率。根据此,谈谈你对人民币兑美元的汇率走势。 2.一国货币当局投放基础货币的渠道主要有哪些?根据这些报道,分析基础货币的各项决定因素以及基础货币对货币供给的影响。
复旦大学2000年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试卷 报考专业:财政学 金融学 考试科目:金融学 一.填空(20分) 1.《中华人民共和国中国人民银行法》规定,我国货币政策目标为 。 2.在中国人民银行的资产中, 占很大的比重,是我国基础货币吞吐的主要渠道和调节贷款流向的重要手段。 3.利率的变动引起公众财富的增减,进而影响私人消费开支的变动,这称为利率的 效应。 4.60年代,美联储为了改善国际收支和促进经济增长,在公开市场*作中实行“扭曲*作”,** 期公债,购入 期公债。 5.目前我国各银行开办的活期储蓄存款,从货币银行学理论来看,是西方银行的 存款。 6.凯恩斯的利率---投机理论认为,人们预期利率上升,社会 对货币的需求。 7.中央银行业务*作情况集中反映在一定时期的资产负债表上。中央银行可以通过调整 ,影响 ,间接调节 实现对金融宏观调控。 8.偿债率是指 。 9.欧洲货币市场的利率体系的基础是 。 10.劳尔森---梅茨勒效应认为,贬值引起的自主性吸收的变动趋势是 (增,减)。 11.在固定以及浮动汇率制下,都存在的自动调整机制是 与利率机制。 12.BP曲线越平坦,就意味着资金流动度越 。 13.货币论认为,本国国民收入增长会使本国货币 (升值或贬值)。 14.偏好即期消费的国家,在当期应该追求的经常帐户余额是 。 16.流出美国的美元超过美国黄金储备的余额被称为 。 17.金本位制下的内外均衡实现机制是 。
二.名词解释(20分) 1.金融衍生工具 2.信贷承诺与信贷限额 3.内源融资 4.国际投资头寸 5.对冲基金 6.托宾税 三 。简答题(20分) 1.当资金不完全流动时,固定汇率制下的财政,货币政策效力如何? 2.货币供给外生性和内生性的争论有什么政策含义?
四.论述题(30分) 1.请分析1992年以来中国宏观经济的内外均衡关系,并论述在当前形势下,应如何通过有效的政策措施实现我国经济的内外均衡。 2.金融创新指的是什么?为什么创新活动形成一种趋势?从经济发展的角度来看,创新的积极意义何在,同时带来哪些问题?
2002金融学(联考)试题 一.概念题(4*4) 1. 货币需求函数 2. 内源性融资 3. 绝对购买力平价 4. 丁伯根原则 二.简答:(8*4) 1. 同业拆借市场主要有哪些交易? 2. 主板市场和创业板市场有哪些区别? 3. 简述资产市场说的主要内容 4. 简述“托宾税”的含义,方案和实施条件 三.计算:(8*2) 1. 某年物价指数为97,银行一年期利率为1.08%,实际利率是多少? 2. 纽约外汇市场1英镑=2.2010/2.2015美元,伦敦外汇市场1英镑=2.2020/2.2025美元,(不考虑套汇成本),请问在此市场条件下该如何套汇?100万英镑的套汇利润是多少? 四.论述题:(18*2) 1. 中央银行的资产业务规模为什么会影响货币供应量? 2. 分析国际收支失衡时外汇缓冲政策和需求管理政策的利弊。
03年联考试题 一、选择题(2*10) 需求曲线的下降时替代效应还是收入效应或是两者同时引起的。
垄断厂商的弹性是-2,成本20,收益是多少。A30 B10 C60 IS-LM曲线IS的左下方,LM的右下方区域的均衡,是利率上升还是收入增加。 SWIFT代表什么 A瑞士银行 B社会保障基金 C一个资产清算组织 世界银行金融电信协会 Society Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication的缩写。 A group responsible for an electronic, interbank funds transfer system encompassing more than 1000 banks in 20 countries and handling about 250 000 transactions per day. 一个负责银行间资金调度系统的团体,在世界20多个国家拥有1000多个银行,每天处理大约250 000宗业务。
下列那些会导致存款准备金的增加。A财政部存款 B外国存款 C流通中通货减少 鲍莫尔模型与下列那个参数无关 A利率 B偏好 C手续费 蒙代尔-弗莱明论述在固定利率下,资金完全流动是,货币政策和财政政策的有效性。 关于期货的合同表述不正确的是。 满足马歇尔-勒纳条前的前提。 二、名词解释(5*6) 边际产量 外部性 回购协议 准货币 非抛补利率评价 特里芬难题
三、简答(8*3) 1、gnp与gdp的区别 2、货币主义者为什么认为货币的需求对利率的弹性小 3、一国选择汇率制度需要考虑的主要因素
四、计算(8*3) 1、自由竞争厂商的产量、利润、市场有没有达到长期均衡.P=640 TC=240Q+20Q^2+Q^3 2、求活期存款货币乘数、M1货币乘数、 存款准备金300亿,流通通货100亿,储蓄准备金比率,活期15% ,定期10%,现金漏损率25%,超额准备率5%,非居
民存款的比率50% 3、关于股票和买权的盈利性分析。共有9400美元,投资预期要涨的股票,现值94美元一股,也可购入买权,4.7美元,可购入20手,共2000股,三
个月后以95美元一股买入,问涨到什么价格投资买权更有益,你有什么建议。 五、论述(16*2+20) 1、凯恩斯主义,货币主义,理性预期学派对于失业与通货膨胀之间关系的论述的区别。 2、弹性论、货币论、吸收论论述贬值对国际收支均衡效应的影响。 3、利用货币政策传导机制的理论,解释我国自96年以来选择货币供应量作为中介目标所产生的效应并说