新标准大学英语四汉译英翻译
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四级汉译英翻译的复习与应试技巧四级考试内容改革,的确对考生能力提出了更高更新的要求,但是只要考生能认真分析各种题型特点,总结合理应对的方法,新四级也并不可怕。
单从翻译部分来看,老四级词汇与结构部分的重要词组,重点语法可能会成为汉译英部分的考查重点,因此考生仍旧应该重视老四级的真题材料。
1.简介在四级新题型考试中,翻译题所占分值为5%,时间为5分钟,由5个句子组成,要求考生将句子的一部分由中文翻译成英文。
它考查的内容主要包括两部分,一是意群的表达,二是句法。
四级试卷上的翻译部分,说其简单无非有三,其一,考题只考查汉译英,没有英译汉。
大学英语精读教材中,每课都有汉译英译句练习,应该是学生非常熟悉的题型。
相比较,考研翻译中的长句英译汉则把考生难得死去活来;其二,内容单纯,不需要专业理论知识。
题目内容既没有高难度的新闻翻译、文学翻译,也不涉及科技经贸翻译中的专业知识,只是一般的短句翻译,没有大主题语境。
第三,名为翻译,实为补全句子,考查语法结构和词组运用知识。
每句只涉及15个左右的英语词,需添入的部分也只有3到8个单词,其中隐含着四级水平考生应当掌握的句型、语法、词组知识点。
2.解题技巧1)首先,确定关键词(一般由两个词或词组组成),寻找可能的英文相应表达;2)然后,利用相应的语法结构或功能连接方式(connectives)将两个英文词或词组连接起来;3)最后,结合待翻译的文字在句子中所处的位置与功能,根据句法结构理顺语言。
3.翻译常见问题和应对政策1).理解表达不到位是翻译的最大问题。
2).理解关键在于理解句子的语法结构。
3)表达关键在于用符合英语语言的习惯来做适当调整。
4)加强句法和和词汇基础,持之以恒。
4.翻译标准方法步骤1).标准:准确、通顺、完整。
2).方法:以直译为主适当意译。
3).步骤:通读全句,准确理解。
分析成分,划分意群。
选择词义,贴切表达。
适当调整,书写译文。
5. 某些特殊句型、结构的翻译A.定语从句与同位语从句的区别:1).定语从句先行词可以是任何名词,而同位语从句先行词相当有限,例如:conclusion ,fact ,news ,idea ,belief ,message。
英语翻译Unit one Nine to fivepassage1 大学毕业找工作的第一要义:别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天,超过65 万的大学生毕业离校,其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作。
在当今金融危机的背景下,做父母的该如何激励他们?1 七月,你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍,戴上四方帽,骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书,拍毕业照。
这时,记忆中每年支付几千英镑,好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退。
但现在,你又不得不再考虑钱的问题。
2 等到暑假快要结束,全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候,你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视。
除此之外,他只是偶尔发发短信,浏览社交网站Facebook,或者去酒吧喝酒。
这位属于“千禧一代”的年轻人一夜之间变成了“抱怨一代”的成员。
他能找到工作吗?3 这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况:今年夏天,超过65万的大学生毕业,在当今金融危机的背景下,他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么。
父母只会唠叨,而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者。
他们知道自己该找份工作,但却不知道如何去找。
4 来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业,获得二级一等荣誉学士学位。
他走进大学就业服务中心,但又径直走了出来,因为他看见很多人在那里排长队。
跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样,进去又出来了。
找工作的压力不大,虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划。
5 他说:“我申请政治学研究工作,但被拒绝了。
他们给的年薪是1.8万镑,交完房租后所剩无几,也就够买一罐豆子,可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人。
然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划,并通过了笔试。
但在面试时,他们说我‘太冷漠’了,谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’。
我觉得自己不可能那样,但我显然就是那样的。
”6 打那以后,他整个夏天都在“隐身”。
他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段。
他白天看电视的时间太长,已经到了影响健康的地步。
unit 1 summaryWhat are the most important ___issues_____ for students today? Is the university ___campus_____ really such a different place compared to what it was 40 years ago?For the students in the 1960s, going to college was the most ___exciting and stimulating___ experience of their life. They took part in __protests__and launched _strikes__against the establishment with their new and ______passionate_ commitment to freedom and justice. Going to college also meant their first __taste___ of real freedom. They could discuss the meaning of life, read their first ____forbidden____ book and see their first indie film.In contrast, the students today don’t have the ___passion_____ for college life that they used to. Today, college is seen as a kind of small town from which people are __keen___ to escape. Instead of the __heady____ atmosphere of freedom which students in the 1960s discovered, students today are much more ___serious___. College has become _____a means to an end____, an opportunity to improve their __prospects__ of being competitive in the __employment___ market, and not an end ___in itself__.But in spite of all this, the role of the university is the same as it always has been. It is the place where students have the __opportunity__ to learn to think for themselves.unit 2 summaryEmpathy,onceknown as motor mimicry,originates fromphysical imitatiion of others’distress, which thenarousesthe same feelings in oneself. Children seem tofeel otherchildren’s pain and discomfort fromthe day they areborn--much earlier than they realize they existasindividuals. By one year old, they start to learn themisery is someone else’s but still seem confused about what todo. At around two and a half years,children may growout of motor mimicrywhen they are able todifferentiate their own feelings from others’ feelings, so they are ableto use other means to comfort others. At the same time,theirempathic concernbegins todifferfrom one toantoher.unit3 summaryIdentity theft refers to stealing information about someone that makes it possible to use their bank account or credit card. With an informal and conversational tone the author persuades readers into actions against the threats of identity fraud in our daily life. According to the author we make t he thieves’ job easy by leaving our mails unprotected, using ball pens for checks and forms, throwing documents containing our personal information in the trash, leaving our computer on and so on. So we should look for different ways to protect ourselves and change our mindset. Identity crime is very likely to happen at any time, to any of us. We can take precautions to improve the chances of avoiding this crime, though it will never go away.unit4 summaryWhat exactly is news? The objective importance and the historical, international significance of an event is not enough. It is the odd, unexpected and human nature that made news like 9/11 memorable and newsworthy. So is immediacy which refers to the nearness of the event in time.When it comes to immediacy, those media like TV, radio and Internet have an enormous advantage over the press. However, no matter what form it may take, all the media more or less covertly, influence the public. That is the so- called power of the media.In the new millennium, maybe the press or TV are not going to disappear overnight, butthe power of the media may be eroded or at least devolved to ordinary people.Unit 11 On university campuses in Europe, mass socialist or communist movements gave rise to increasingly violent clashes between the establishment and the college students, with their new and passionate commitment to freedom and justice. 在欧洲的大学校园里,大学生以新的姿态和激情地投入到自由和正义的事业中去,大规模的社会主义或共产主义运动引发了他们与当权者之间日益升级的暴力冲突。
Unit1“创客”指勇于创新,努力将自己的创意变为现实的人.这个词译自英文单词maker,源于美国麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)微观装配实验室(fabrication laboratory)的课题。
该课题以客户为中心,以创新为理念,由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备,参与该课题的学生即“创客”。
在中国,“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。
中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人,也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表。
Chuangke is a term that refers to innovative people who make an effort to turn their cuttingedge ideas into reality. The term is translated from the English word maker,which is derived from the fabrication laboratory project of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US。
It is a consumer-centred project,emphasizing innovation and designed to empower individuals to develop and produce smart devices to suit personal needs. The students participating in the project are called “makers”。
In China, Chuangke refers to those who start their own businesses with innovative ideas。
第四册Unit 1If you ask me, real life is not all it's cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It's just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that's before I've had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I'm interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won't even last till the end of the year, let alone till I'm 60.依我看,现实生活与人们想象的不一样。
If you ask me, real life is not all it's cracked up to be. Twelve years at school and three years at university, teachers banging on about opportunities in the big wide world beyond our sheltered life as students, and what do I find?Try as I might to stay cheerful, all I ever get is hassle, sometimes with people (especially boys, god, when will they grow up?), but mostly with money. It's just so expensive out here! Everyone wants a slice off you. The Inland Revenue wants to deduct income tax, the bank manager wants repayments on my student loan, the landlord wants the rent, gas, water, electricity and my mobile bills keep coming in, and all that's before I've had anything to eat. And then some bright spark calls me out of the blue, asking if I'm interested in buying a pension. At this rate, I won't even last till the end of the year, let alone till I'm 60。
新标准大学英语综合教程4原文Unit 1。
Text A。
Pre-reading Activities。
First Listening。
First Listening。
1. What do you know about the Chinese New Year?2. What is your favorite festival, and why?3. What do people do to celebrate the Chinese New Year?4. What do you think is the most important festival in China?5. What do you know about the custom of giving red packets during the Chinese New Year?Text A。
The Chinese New Year is the most important festival for the Chinese people and is when all family members get together, just like Christmas in the West. All people living away from home go back, becoming the busiest time for transportation systems of about half a month from the Spring Festival. Airports, railway stations and long-distance bus stations are crowded with home returnees.The New Year's Eve and the first three days of the New Year are the peak time for celebrations. People in northern China eat dumplings, and people in southern China eat rice cakes. People in the north enjoy the tradition of eating dumplings on New Year's Eve. They eat dumplings at midnight, which symbolizes driving away the old and welcoming the new. In the south, people eat rice cakes on the first day of the New Year. Thepronunciation of "cake" in Chinese is the same as that of "height" and "promotion", so eating rice cakes symbolizes growth, progress, and promotion year by year.During the Spring Festival, the most popular activity is the dragon and lion dances. Every morning, people light firecrackers to welcome the New Year. The first day is for the welcoming of the gods of the heavens and earth. People burn incense and paper money to worship their ancestors. The second day is for married daughters to visit their birth parents.The fifth day is called Po Wu, and people stay home to welcome the God of Wealth. The sixth day is for visiting relatives and friends. The seventh day is everyone's birthday. People eat noodles to celebrate, as noodles symbolize longevity. The fifteenth day is the Lantern Festival. People eat yuanxiao, a kind of sweet dumpling made of glutinous rice flour, which symbolizes family unity and prosperity.The Chinese New Year is a time of family reunion. No matter how far away people are, they will come back to their hometown to celebrate the festival. The Chinese New Year is not only a time for family reunion, but also a time for people to rest and relax. It is a time for people to enjoy themselves after a year of hard work. The Chinese New Year is a time for people to look forward to the future, and it is a time for people to make wishes for the coming year.Post-reading Activities。
大学英语四作文翻译College English Test Band 4 Writing Translation。
As the world becomes more globalized, the importance of English language proficiency has become increasingly apparent. The College English Test (CET) is a standardized test designed to evaluate the English proficiency of Chinese college students. The CET Band 4 Writing Test requires candidates to write a 300-word essay on a given topic within 30 minutes. In this essay, I will provide a translation of a CET Band 4 Writing Test topic and offer my own response to the prompt.Translation of CET Band 4 Writing Test Topic:Some people believe that it is better for children to grow up in the countryside, while others argue that city life is more beneficial for their development. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Response:There are differing opinions regarding whether it is better for children to grow up in the countryside or in the city. While some people believe that the countryside provides a better environment for children to develop, others argue that city life offers more opportunities for growth and development.Those who argue that the countryside is a better place for children to grow up often cite the benefits of fresh air, open spaces, and a simpler way of life. Children who grow up in the countryside are often surrounded by nature and have access to a wide range of outdoor activities. They are also more likely to have a close-knit community and strong family ties.On the other hand, those who believe that city life is more beneficial for children's development argue that the city offers more opportunities for education, career development, and cultural experiences. Children who grow up in the city have access to better schools, diverse culturalexperiences, and a wider range of career opportunities. They are also exposed to a wider range of people and perspectives, which can help them develop a more open-minded and tolerant worldview.In my opinion, both the countryside and the city have their own advantages and disadvantages when it comes to raising children. Ultimately, the best environment for a child to grow up in depends on a variety of factors, including the child's personality, interests, and family situation. Some children thrive in the peaceful and natural environment of the countryside, while others flourish in the stimulating and diverse environment of the city. Therefore, it is important for parents to consider their child's individual needs and preferences when deciding where to raise them.In conclusion, the debate over whether it is better for children to grow up in the countryside or in the city is a complex and multifaceted issue. While both environments have their own advantages and disadvantages, the best environment for a child to grow up in depends on a varietyof factors. Ultimately, parents should consider their child's individual needs and preferences when deciding where to raise them.。
英语翻译Unit one Nine to fivepassage1大学毕业找工作的第一要义:别躺在沙发上做梦今年夏天,超过65 万的大学生毕业离校,其中有许多人根本不知道怎么找工作.在当今金融危机的背景下,做父母的该如何激励他们?1七月,你看着英俊的21岁的儿子穿上学士袍,戴上四方帽,骄傲地握着大学荣誉学位证书,拍毕业照.这时,记忆中每年支付几千英镑,好让儿子吃好、并能偶尔参加聚会的记忆开始消退.但现在,你又不得不再考虑钱的问题.2等到暑假快要结束,全国各地的学生正在为新学期做准备的时候,你却发现大学毕业的儿子还歪躺在沙发上看电视.除此之外,他只是偶尔发发短信,浏览社交Facebook,或者去酒吧喝酒.这位属于"千禧一代〞的年轻人一夜之间变成了"抱怨一代〞的成员.他能找到工作吗?3这就是成千上万家庭所面临的状况:今年夏天,超过65万的大学生毕业,在当今金融危机的背景下,他们中的大多数人不知道自己下一步该做什么.父母只会唠叨,而儿女们则毫无缘由地变成了叛逆者.他们知道自己该找份工作,但却不知道如何去找.4来自米德尔塞克斯郡的杰克·古德温今年夏天从诺丁汉大学政治学系毕业,获得二级一等荣誉学士学位.他走进大学就业服务中心,但又径直走了出来,因为他看见很多人在那里排长队.跟他一起住的另外5个男孩子也都跟他一样,进去又出来了.找工作的压力不大,虽然他所认识的大多数女生都有更明确的计划.5他说:"我申请政治学研究工作,但被拒绝了.他们给的年薪是1.8万镑,交完房租后所剩无几,也就够买一罐豆子,可他们还要有工作经历或硕士学位的人.然后我又申请参加快速晋升人才培养计划,并通过了笔试.但在面试时,他们说我‘太冷漠’了,谈吐‘太像专家政治论者’.我觉得自己不可能那样,但我显然就是那样的.〞6打那以后,他整个夏天都在"隐身〞.他能够轻松地复述出电视剧《交通警察》中的若干片段.他白天看电视的时间太长,已经到了影响健康的地步.跟朋友谈起自己漫无目标的日子时,他才发现他们的处境和自己一样.其中一位朋友在父母的逼迫下去超市上货,其余的则都是朝九晚五地"无所事事〞,晚上则去酒吧喝酒打发时间.要么,干脆就在酒吧工作?这样还可以挣些酒钱."我不想在酒吧工作.我上的是综合学校,我拼命读书才考上了一所好大学.到了大学,我又埋头苦读, 才取得一个好学位.可现在我却跟那些没上过大学的做无聊的酒吧侍应的朋友处在同一个水平线上.我觉得自己好像兜了一圈,又回到了原来的起点.〞7他的母亲杰奎琳·古德温替他辩护.她坚持认为她的儿子已经尽力找工作了.但由于她自己中学毕业后一直都在工作,所以她和她的丈夫发现,建议儿子如何继续找工作是件很棘手的事情.她说:"我一直都不得不工作.而现在的年轻人很难做到这一点,因为如果你有了学位,学位就会为你提供新的机会,至少你自己会这么想.〞8虽然目前她对儿子的态度还比较温和,但是她心里很清楚,去南美度三星期的假之后,他的休假就该结束了.他可能还得付房租,并分担家庭开支.9 她说:"在某个时候孩子们总要长大成人.我们已经帮他交了大学的学费,所以他也该给我们一点点回报了.南美度假就是一个分水岭,他回来以后如果找不到工作,那就圣诞节打零工好了.〞10心理治疗师盖尔·林登费尔德是《情感康复策略》的作者.她说古德温夫妇的做法是很恰当的.从大学到工作的转换对父母和孩子来说都很艰难,关键是父母要在支持理解孩子和不溺爱孩子之间找到一个平衡点.11"父母的主要任务就是支持孩子,如果他们教导孩子该如何做,那么就会引起矛盾.但如果有熟人,一定要找他们想办法,〞她说."很多父母心太软了.必须限制孩子的零花钱,要求他们交房租, 或分担日常生活或养宠物的开销.父母要维持正常的生活,不要让孩子随便用你们的银行账户或者榨干你们的情感能量.〞12为孩子支付职业咨询费、面试交通费或书费是好事,但不能催得太紧.林登费尔德建议:虽说父母不能太宽容,但是如果孩子找工作遇到了挫折,父母应该体谅他们,宽容他们几天甚至几周——这取决于他们受打击的程度.等他们缓过来之后,父母就该坚决要求孩子继续求职.13男孩更容易窝在家里.林登费尔德相信男人比母亲和姐妹更容易帮助儿子、侄子或朋友的儿子.她说,由于男人和女人处理挫折的方式不同,所以男孩需要跟男人谈话才能渡过难关.14林登费尔德强烈支持去酒吧打工:那是克服毕业冷漠症的一剂良方.这工作好不好要取决于你如何看待它.就是在酒吧打工的时候,林登费尔德找到了她的第一份当航拍助手的工作.她说在酒吧工作是拓展人际关系的绝好机会,肯定比赖在家里看电视更容易找到工作.15她说:"在超市上货也一样.如果干得好,你就会被人发现的.如果你聪明、活泼,礼貌待客,你很快就会升职.所以,把它看作是机会.那些最终成功的人士很多都有在超市上货的经历.〞16你的儿女可能不会干好莱坞影星们干过的活,比如像乌比·戈德堡那样去停尸房给死人化妆,或者像布鲁斯·威利斯那样在核电站当警卫,但即便是布拉德·皮特也曾经不得不穿上宽大的小鸡模样的服装站在快餐连锁店El Pollo Loco的门口招揽生意.他们中没有一个人因为这些经历而变得更加穷困.Passage 2依我看1 依我看,现实生活并没有人们想象的那么好.我们上了12年的中小学,又上了3年的大学,这期间老师们一直在没完没了地谈论在备受呵护的学生生活之外的那个广阔天地里的各种机会,可我遇到的又是什么呢?2 无论我怎么想保持心情愉快,可麻烦事总是接踵而来:有时是和人发生矛盾〔尤其是跟男孩子——他们什么时候才能长大?〕,但通常是为钱发愁.这个地方什么东西都很贵!人人都想从我身上赚点钱:税务局要收个人所得税,银行经理要我偿清学生贷款,房东催我交房租、燃气费、水费、电费,手机账单也不断地寄来.所有这些还没算上吃饭的钱.更可气的是,不知从哪里冒出一个自作聪明的家伙给我打,问我要不要买养老金.照这样下去,我甚至都支撑不到年底, 更别提活到60岁领养老金了.3 我那时还不想出去工作.我的意思是,我并不是个逃避现实社会的人,但我知道自己未来某一天可能不得不逃避现实.许多人认为"生活不是野餐〞,"没有免费的午餐〞.但既然我拿到了优等生文凭,我想我应该继续攻读硕士学位.实际上,我已经看中了伦敦政治经济学院的课程.这是一所顶尖的学校,能给我的履历表增添一段光彩的经历.但当我跟妈妈谈起这件事时,她说她没法继续供我上学了.我大概能理解她的心情,但并不仅仅是因为我学的是经济学.15年来,为了能让我上学,她含辛茹苦.这些年来,父亲大部分时间都不在家.就算在家,他也没钱.他把钱都拿去赌狗、喝酒了.所以我听了妈妈的话,向命运低下了头.4 依我看,不管人们说什么,幸运的是世上还有很多好心人.迈克就是其中的一个.大学毕业时,我想如果我回家,妈妈就会觉得她有责任照顾我.所以,我就收拾行李去伦敦找工作.我想找金融和投资方面的职位,因为你知道这样我就可以用上我的专业知识.可是那时候已经没有这样的工作了,但我又不愿意做复印文件、端茶倒水之类的乏味的办公室工作.5 在伦敦,无论走到什么地方,你都能找到一个好酒吧.有一天,我意识到这个城市没有人会雇我,于是我走进位于利德贺街的索尔兹伯里酒吧去喝酒,顺便吃点东西.店主迈克正在店里,他一只手倒酒,一只手做三明治,同时还洗酒杯.他真的好像有三只手.他好像也认识所有的客人,叫得出常客的名字.他跟他们打招呼,帮他们调好酒,并问一句:"今天还喝这个,是吧?〞我觉得他看起来蛮酷的,他在做着他最擅长的事情:为那些口渴的顾客服务,没人能比得上他.所以我就走上前去问他要不要雇人.6 好吧,长话短说,某个周五的午餐时间我开始在那个酒吧打工.这份工作要求很高,但我喜欢.顾客好像觉得我很有趣,这也让我感觉好一些.有位穿西服的中年常客总要半杯苦啤酒和一份火腿泡菜三明治,面包皮要削掉.他叫托尼.我一看见他进来,尽量不等他开口就准备好他的午餐.他也是一个好心人.7 依我看,一个人没钱的时候花钱最容易.我开始琢磨怎么花第一个月的薪水了.我住的公寓房租很贵,我挣的钱刚够支付第一个月的大笔账单,但是我估计还能剩点钱好好犒劳一下自己.我想,何不买张CD或买盆花草装点一下房间?8 发工资的那天正好是我的生日,除了迈克和托尼,我在伦敦就没有别的朋友了.如果你知道我那时还没有男朋友,你就会理解我为什么为自己感到难过了.我给自己定了些鲜花,让卖花的人附上一张卡片,上面写道:"给你我所有的爱.无名氏〞.我生日那天最精彩的瞬间将会是送花人送我花时大惑不解的眼神.9 那周晚些时候,托尼像往常一样来了,在酒吧里坐下."你怎么了?今天怎么不见你笑啦?〞我跟他聊天……嗯,差不多什么都跟他说了:钱、硕士学位、生日,一切的一切.他很同情我.10 托尼离开搁脚凳、走过去和另外几个人说话.别忘了:索尔兹伯里酒吧位于金融城的中心,所以这里所有的顾客都从事银行、保险或证券工作.第二天,他拿着价值两万英镑的几张支票来到酒吧,对我说:"这是给你的创业贷款,你唯一的贷款担保就是我对你的信任,相信有一天你赚了钱会把钱还给我们.如果你还不了钱,那就太糟了,不过对你来说,也算是做过金融生意了.但是,我相信你还得了.〞11 我没说话,我怕我自己要哭了.世上怎么会有这么好的人?12 那些花怎么处理?我叫花店改送到妈妈那里去了,我生日那天鲜花正好送到.她才应该得到这些鲜花,不是吗?13 依我看,回顾这些年的经历,我发现人一辈子只需要一两次的机缘就能成功.就算其余时候都在吃苦受累也不要紧,那是值得的.14 在索尔兹伯里酒吧干了一年之后,我去了伦敦政治经济学院深造.拿到硕士学位之后,我在一家投资银行找到了一份工作.我把那两万英镑投进了证券市场,在20##金融崩盘之前卖掉了所有的股票.我把托尼和其他投资者的钱还了,付给他们10%的年息,并成立了自己的公司.公司的生意好得出乎意料,至今还红红火火.15 托尼给我写了一封感谢信.他出了车祸,现在不能走路了.我还给他的钱正好可以用来改造房子.房子改造后他就可以坐着轮椅在家里自由活动了.下面是他信里写的话:16 "我从事银行业35年来最好的投资就是给你的这笔贷款,你连本带利地偿还了贷款,我对你的信任和你的诚实都获得了百倍的回报.依我看,在人身上投资能带来你所期望的最好的回报.〞17 依我看,他说得对.你说呢?英译汉Google has spent years analyzing who succeeds at the pany. They have moved away from a focus on GPAs, brand-name schools, and interview brain teasers <智力测验题>. Google’s Senior Vice President of People Operations, Laszlo Bock, suggests that credentials are no longer sufficient for success. Bock points out that graduates of top schools can lack intellectual humility and that succeeding in academia isn’t always a sign of being able to do a job.Successful bright young graduates rarely experience failure, and they find that their academic careers have not prepared them to fail gracefully in the real world. Google recognizes the importance of intellectual humility in its applicants. The pany looks for the ability to step back and embrace other peop le’s ideas when those ideas are better. Bock says the No.1 thing he is looking for is general cognitive ability. It is learning ability. It is the ability to process information on the fly.谷歌公司就什么人能在该公司取得成功这个问题做了多年的研究,研究关注的焦点不再是绩点、名牌大学、面试智力测验题.谷歌人力运营部高级副总裁拉斯洛·博克认为,想取得成功,只拥有学历证书是不够的.博克指出,顶尖高校的毕业生可能缺少智力上的谦逊,并且学业上的成功并不意味着工作能力强.聪明的年轻学霸毕业生很少经历失败,他们会发现,在现实生活中,学业生涯并没有使自己做好大方接受失败的准备.谷歌认识到应聘者具有智力上的谦逊是十分重要的,他们所寻找的是一种能退一步思考、接受别人更好想法的能力.博克说他想寻找的首要素质就是常规的认知能力.那是一种学习的能力,是在繁忙的工作中处理信息的能力.汉译英"创客〞指勇于创新,努力将自己的创意变为现实的人.这个词译自英文单词maker,源于美国麻省理工学院〔Massachusetts Institute of Technology〕微观装配实验室〔fabrication laboratory〕的课题.该课题以客户为中心,以创新为理念,由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备,参与该课题的学生即"创客〞.在中国,"创客〞特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人.中国的"创客〞即包括发明新设备的科技达人,也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表.Chuangke is a term that refers to innovative people who make an effort to turn their cuttingedge ideas into reality. The term is translated from the English word maker, which is derived from the fabrication laboratory project of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US. It is a consumer-centred project, emphasizing innovation and designed to empower individuals to develop and produce smart devices to suit personal needs. The students participating in the project arecalled "makers〞. In China, Chuangke refers to those who start their own businesses with innovative ideas. Chinese makers include tech-savvy people who dedicate themselves to creating new devices and distinguished innovators in various fields, such as software developers, artists and designers.Unit2passage1危险!书可能会改变你的人生Danger! Books may change your life1刘易斯·卡罗尔书中的爱丽丝不小心掉进了兔子洞里,但她在那里发现了一个神奇的仙境.当我们打开一本书时,我们也会像爱丽丝那样走进一个全新的世界.我们能从一个年长者的角度,或通过一个孩子的眼睛来观察生活;我们可以周游世界,遍访现实生活中从没想过要访问的国家和文化;我们可以体验未曾经历过的事情,这些事情也许令人困惑,也许引人入胜;可能是不愉快的,也可能是令人痛苦的,但无论如何都至少能把我们从现实世界中解放出来.2 英国诗人威廉·柯珀〔1731–1800〕说:"变化是生活的调味品,它让生活变得有滋有味.〞虽然他没有说在什么地方以与怎样才能找到变化,但我们知道他说得对.我们知道我们生活在一个充满变化与差异的世界里,我们知道人们的生活各不相同,过日子的方式也不尽相同,人们做不同的工作,有不同的信仰,持不同的观点,有不同的风俗习惯,操不同的语言.通常,我们不知道这些差异的大小,但一旦发生了不平常的事情并引起了我们的注意,这种变化或差异与其说是机会,毋宁说是威胁.3 读书让我们能够安全地享受和庆贺这种变化与差异,并为我们提供成长的机会.在家里安详平和的环境中与他人的生活互动,这是阅读小说才享有的特权.我们甚至感觉到——哪怕只是在一瞬间——我们和其他文化读者的共同点或许要多于我们和家门口随便碰到的一个人的共同点.我们学会把目光移出我们周围的环境,投向天边,去领略一下异域风光.4 如果我们怀疑读书是否能给我们力量的话,我们就应该自己去一趟当地的图书馆或书店,或者,如果我们足够幸运的话,可以读一读家里书架上的书.我们会惊奇于古今小说的标题所创造出来的壮观景象:约翰·斯坦贝克的《愤怒的葡萄》、约翰·欧文的《第四只手》、亚历山大·索尔仁尼琴的《癌病房》、欧内斯特·海明威的《丧钟为谁而鸣》、格雷厄姆·格林的《哈瓦那特派员》、奥黛丽·尼芬格的《时间旅行者的妻子》、保罗·托迪的《到也门钓鲑鱼》.一旦开始阅读,我们就应该思考一下我们在书中读到的别样人生.5 每一本书都有自己的语言、方言、词汇和语法.我们不见得总能理解其中的每一个字、每一句话,但不管我们是痴迷其中,还是觉得被排斥在外,我们的情感被调动起来了.尽管在地理上有一定的距离,但其他民族、其他文化未必就离我们那么遥远.在书里我们可能遇见生活在不同气候、有不同信仰、属于不同种族的人.即便是住在同一条街上的邻居,我们也可能对其一无所知,而只能通过阅读结识.6 小时候,在我们刚刚能听懂别人说话的时候书就对我们的生活方式产生了很大的影响.从父母读的睡前故事一直到成年后家中摆满书的客厅,书界定了我们的人生.英国作家E. M.福斯特〔1879–1970〕暗示书对我们具有另一种更加神秘的支配力.他写道:"我认为能影响我们的书籍是那些我们已经准备要读的书,而且这些书在我们已经选定的道路上走得比我们更远一些.〞合适的书好像自己就会在恰当的时候找到我们,出现在我们面前,而不是我们去寻找那本书.7 美国修士、牧师与作家托马斯·默顿〔1915–1968〕曾经被记者一连串地问了7个问题:说出你最近读完的3本书;你正在读的3本书;你打算要读的书;对你有影响的书,并解释一下理由;一本你觉得每人都要读的书,并解释一下理由.关于对他有影响的书,他列出了威廉·布莱克的诗集、古希腊思想家和作家写的各种戏剧以与一些##作品.当被问与这些书为何会影响他时,他回答说:"这些书——还有其他类似的书籍——帮助我找到了人生的真谛.销售就是一切的文化培育了人们无止境的需求和消极被动,生活充满了困惑和空虚,而书籍则把我从这种困惑和空虚中解脱了出来.〞8 那么,你又会如何回答这些问题呢?9 1947年,克里夫顿·费迪曼发明了"全垒打书籍〞这个词.当一个棒球手打出一个全垒打时,因为击球有力、打得远,他有时间跑完整个棒球场内的四个垒,不仅自己得分,而且还能帮其他各个垒的跑垒者得分,这是棒球赛里最有趣和最开心的事情.同样,一本"全垒打书籍〞指的不是儿童第一次读书的经历,而是指他第一次读到一本给他带来极大愉悦和满足感的书以至于让他爱不释手的经历.对世界上数以亿计的儿童来说,"全垒打书籍〞的最典型的例子就是《哈利·波特》系列故事.10 作为作为成年人,我们总在寻找自己的"全垒打书籍〞,不仅是第一次,而是一次又一次地寻找.所有曾经一口气读完一本小说的人都会记得那种令人期待的愉悦和满足感,并会焦急、固执、有时甚至疯狂地寻求重复体验这种感觉.我们想周游另一个世界、想与不同的人见面、想经历别样的人生并自我反省,我们无法遏制这样的渴求.11 危险!书可能会改变你的人生.这就是读书的力量.Passage 2它们是活生生的,而且它们在跟我说话1 我坐在一间小屋子里,屋子的一面墙边排满了书.这是我头一次有闲工夫和一堆书这样的东西打交道.所有的书加起来最多不超过500本,但大多数是我自己挑的.自打我开始写作生涯以来,我第一次得到我一直渴望拥有的这么多书.事实上,我过去的大多数工作都不依靠图书馆,我把这看成是优势,而不是劣势.2 我想到的与读书相关的头一件事就是夺书大战.请注意,不是拥有它们,而是要把它们搞到手.从我对书着迷开始,我就面对着重重困难.公共图书馆里我要借的书总是被借出去了,当然,我又没钱买书.我那时只有十八九岁,要想得到社区图书馆的批准借阅类似斯特林堡写的《痴人的忏悔》这样"不道德〞的书是不可能的.在那个年代,年轻人禁读的书都根据其违背道德的程度被标记了星星——一颗星、两颗星、三颗星.我猜想,这种做法至今依然存在.我也希望如此,因为我知道,没有任何别的方法比这种愚蠢的分类和禁止更能吊起读者的胃口.3 我经常思考一个问题,那就是是什么让一本书有了生命力?我觉得答案很简单:一本书之所以有生命力,是因为读者满怀激情地推荐它.这是人的基本冲动,什么都阻挡不了.不管愤世嫉俗者和遁世者持何种观点,我相信人们总是会尽力分享自己感触最深的经验.4 书是人类最为珍爱的几样东西之一.人越好,就越愿意与他人分享自己的珍藏.搁置在书架上、无人翻阅的书就像是废弃的弹药.书和钱一样要流通起来,要最大限度地流通起来!尤其是书,因为书所代表的东西比钱要多得多.书不仅是朋友,它还可以帮你结交朋友.当你在精神上、心灵上拥有一本书的时候,你的人生就变得丰富多彩.而当你把书转给别人的时候,你的人生就更加丰富.5 说到这里,我有一种抑制不住的冲动想给大家提出一条无端的忠告.那就是:读书尽量少而精,而不是越多越好!唉,不要怀疑我嫉妒那些在书堆里埋头读书的人.我私下里也确实想尽力读完所有一直想读的书.但是,我知道这并不重要,我现在知道我读过的书中只有不到十分之一是我需要读的.人生中最难办到的事情莫过于学会只做对自己有益的事情,这是至关重要的.6 我是经过慎重考虑才提出这条宝贵的忠告的,有一个高招可以检验它是否有效.当你碰到一本你想读或觉得该读的书的时候,先把书搁下,放几天再说.但你要多琢磨这本书,仔细琢磨书名和作者的名字.想想如果让你来写这本书,你会写些什么.认真地问问自己是否有必要把这本书纳入自己的知识库或娱乐储备.尽力想象一下,放弃这份额外的乐趣或启迪对你将意味着什么?之后,如果你觉得你必须读这本书,那么观察一下你在"啃〞这本书的时候是否表现出非凡的洞察力.同时你也观察一下:即使这本书很诱人,它也许并没有给你带来什么新的东西.只要坦诚对己,你就会发现:只要抑制住自己的冲动,你的境界就提高了.7 不容置疑的是,大多数书都互相重复,在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少.在整个文学库藏中,只有极少数作品——或许不到50本——是独具一格的.在最近出版的一部自传体小说中,布莱斯·桑德拉尔指出,雷·德·古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍,就是因为他知识渊博,并且了解书的这种重复性.桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人,没有人会怀疑这一点.他阅读了大部分作家的原作.不仅如此,一旦他喜欢上一个作家,他就会阅读这个作家写的每一本书,包括他的书信以与所有有关他的书籍.我猜想,在当今世界上,几乎没有人能像他一样,不仅读得广、读得精,而且还著述颇丰.可以说这一切都是在业余时间完成的.因为桑德拉尔是一个十足的行动家,一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家,一个懂得如何"肆意浪费〞时间的人.从某种意义上说,他是文学界的凯撒大帝.英译汉E-books have changed the way we read, in ways both good and bad. On the plus side, people are reading more books. Amazon’s Kindle e-reader and the Google Book Search service have now made a huge number of books available. According to data from Amazon, the convenience of access offered by the Kindle has resulted in users buying significantly more books than they did before owning the device. However, although people are reading more, they may be doing so with less focus. Amazon has released a version of the Kindle app for reading its e-books on an iPhone, which means it will be much easier for readers to be distracted from their e-books as they switch to surfing the Internet and checking email and social media updates. As people read with less attention, they will no longer find themselves immersed in their books — one of the great joys of reading.电子书改变了我们的阅读方式,这种改变既有好的一面也有坏的一面.从好的方面说,人们现在读书的量在增多.随着亚马逊Kindle 电子阅读器和谷歌图书搜索服务的出现,人们现在可以读到海量的图书.亚马逊的数据表明,Kindle 用户在拥有Kindle 电子阅读器之后购书量显著上升,因为用Kindle 购书更加便捷了.虽然人们的读书量在增多,但读书专注度却在下降.亚马逊发布了一款Kindle 应用程序供人们在苹果手机上阅读Kindle 电子书,这意味着读者看电。
Unit1“创客”指勇于创新,努力将自己的创意变为现实的人。
这个词译自英文单词maker,源于美国麻省理工学院(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)微观装配实验室(fabrication laboratory)的课题。
该课题以客户为中心,以创新为理念,由个人设计、制造满足个人需要的智能设备,参与该课题的学生即“创客”。
在中国,“创客”特指具有创新理念、自主创业的人。
中国的“创客”即包括发明新设备的科技达人,也包括软件开发者、艺术家、设计师等诸多领域的优秀代表。
Chuangke is a term that refers to innovative people who make an effort to turn their cuttingedge ideas into reality. The term is translated from the English word maker, which is derived from the fabrication laboratory project of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US. It is a consumer-centred project, emphasizing innovation and designed to empower individuals to develop and produce smart devices to suit personal needs. The students participating in the project are called “makers”. In China, Chu angke refers to those who start their own businesses with innovative ideas. Chinese makers include tech-savvy people who dedicate themselves to creating new devices and distinguished innovators in various fields, such as software developers, artists and designers.Unit2每年在“世界读书日”这一天(4 月23 日),中国各地都会举办“全民阅读,书香中国”的活动,旨在培养全民阅读的风气(ethos),让更多的人知道阅读不只是知识分子、学生的功课,而且是每个人生活方式的一部分。
阅读对个人成长的影响是巨大的,一个民族的精神境界在很大程度上也取决于全民的阅读水平。
从2014 年开始,“全民阅读”连续三年都被写入了中国政府工作报告,因为读书不仅会增强创新力量,而且会增强社会的道德力量。
Every year on World Book Day (Apr il 23), activities on “Nationwide Reading, Intellectual China” are organized all over China, to cultivate theethos of reading in the country and spread the awareness that reading should not only be for students and intellectuals, but be part of everyone’s way of life. Reading has much to do with personal growth, and the spiritual level of a nation largely depends on the reading performance of its people. Starting from 2014, for three consecutive years “nation-wide reading” has been included in the Report o n the Work of the Government in China, for reading is conducive not only to innovation but also to the moral sense of society.Unit3中国的服装产业需要规范化,中国的服装设计需要创新,中国的元素需要品牌化。
我们应该努力超越西方的服装风格,同时打破东方的传统观念,创造出属于中国的风格。
这种风格,既不是迎合(cater to)欧美的时尚品味,也不是简单地通过应用纯中国的元素而达到民族复兴(renaissance)的目的。
这种风格,是将具有东方风格的各种因素有机地结合在一起的同时,巧妙地融入西式服装的特征。
它是中国传统文化与世界多元文化的一种融合。
There is a need to standardize the clothing industry in China. There should be more innovations in Chinese fashion design. Chinese elements in fashion design should have their own brands. While we are trying our best to transcend Western fashion styles, we should also try to break through the traditional Eastern concepts, eventually creating a style that can be called Chinese. Such a Chinese style neither caters to Western fashion tastes nor simply utilizes pure Chinese elements to achieve a national renaissance. Rather, this style features an organic combination of various Eastern elements, skillfully infused at the same time with thefeatures of Western clothes. It is a merging of traditional Chinese culture and multiple world cultures.Unit4近年来,中国市场经济的发展使我国科学技术、生产力水平大幅度提高,社会文化事业大力发展,综合国力不断增强。
市场经济在提高人民群众生活水平,实现共同富裕的目标中发挥着巨大作用。
与改革开放之初相比,中国人的消费习惯和生活方式已发生质的变化,温饱型的消费模式已逐渐被享受型的消费模式所取代,中国已进入(usher in)消费时代。
人们对物质财富的追求反过来也大力推动了经济和社会的发展。
In recent years, with the development of the market economy in China, the level of development of our socio-cultural enterprises, as well as our science and technology and our productivity, has greatly increased, thus strengthening overall national power. The market economy also plays an enormous role in improving people’s living standards and in fulfilling the goal of common prosperity. Compared with the early days of reform and opening up, substantial changes have taken place in Chinese people’s spending habits and lifestyles, with consumption of basic food and clothing transformed gradually to consumption for pleasure, ushering in the consumption era. In turn, the pursuit of material wealth has also contributed tremendously to economic and social development.Unit5在中国,随着女性社会地位和教育程度的不断提高,越来越多的女性进入了高科技领域。
一批杰出的女科学家脱颖而出,她们以自己的聪明才智和对科学的热爱,在各个科技领域赢得了骄人的成绩,成为我国社会进步和经济发展的一支重要力量。
2015年,中国女药学家屠呦呦荣获“诺贝尔生理学或医学奖”,实现了我国自然科学领域诺贝尔奖零的突破,大幅提升了我国科学研究的国际影响力。
In China, with the increasing improvement of women’s soc ial status and education level, more and more women are entering the field of hightechnology. A number of remarkable women scientists have distinguished themselves in every scientific field and made extraordinary achievements with their intelligence, ingenuity and love of science, acting as an important force in the social and economic development of China. In 2015, the Chinese woman pharmacologist Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Being the first winner from our country of that prize in the field of natural science, she has greatly extended the influence of Chinese scientific research in the international community.Unit6中国古代的史官(historiographer)制度,起源很早。