(INTRODUCTION)英文科技论文写作的语言技巧ppt课件

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We-sentences appear in many leading journals
In this report, we define a mechanism for … and discover distinct roles for … We use … assays to … We demonstrate that … We
provide evidence that … (Science)
The majority of known … To identify the responsible genes, we mapped virulence in F1 progeny derived from crosses between type II and type III strains, which we17源自Ⅲ. It-sentence
“It-sentences” are often used in science writing, particularly by Chinese authors. However, most of the “it-sentences” are unnecessary.
1. History
1) It has begun publication since 1990(semiannual publication)
2) It has become a quarterly journal and indexed by EI compendex since 2019
3) It has become the cooperated with Elsevier since 2019(attracting foreign authors)

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五、引言的结构布局
• 引言的主要任务是向读者勾勒出全文的 基本内容和轮廓。
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• 如何合理安排引言的内容呢？
• 我们可以将引言的内容分为三到四个层 次来安排。
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引言的结构布局
• 第一层由研究背景、意义、发展状 况等内容组成，其中还包括某一研 究领域的文献综述；
• 第二层提出目前尚未解决的问题或 急需解决的问题，从而引出自己的 研究动机与意义；
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例子
• Forecast of the tracks of hurricanes (飓风)have improved steadily over the past three decades, owing to a combination of better observations and much improved numerical models. These improvements, along with advances in warning systems and preparedness for emergencies,
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The end
Thank you!
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• 第四层：1) Announcing your major findings 2) Outlining the contents of your paper
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注意：引言中各个层次所占的篇幅可以有很大差
别。在引言中，第一个层次往往占去大部分篇幅。 对研究背景和目前的研究状况进行较为详细的介 绍。研究目的可能会比较简短。比较简短的论文， 引言也可以相对比较简短。为了缩短篇幅，可以 用一两句话简单介绍一下某研究领域的重要性、 意义或需要解决的问题等。接着对文献进行回顾。 然后介绍自己的研究动机、目的和主要内容。至 于研究方法、研究结果及论文的组成部分则可以 完全省略。

How to write an introduction
What is Introduction?
Introduction is the first section of a scientific paper, including the background information of the research, the nature and scope of the problem investigated.
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Frequently asked questions
What is an introduction for? Is it a summary?
An introduction is not a summary. A summary repeats the main ideas of an essay. An introduction introduces the reader to the topic of the
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பைடு நூலகம்
What belongs in the introductory section(s) of your paper?
A statement of the goal of the paper: why the study was undertaken, or why the paper was written. Do not repeat the abstract. Sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand the context and significance of the question you are trying to address. Proper acknowledgement of the previous work on which you are building. Sufficient references such that a reader could, by going to the library, achieve a sophisticated understanding of the context and significance of the question. Explain the scope of your work, what will and will not be included. A verbal "road map" or verbal "table of contents" guiding the reader to what lies ahead.

3) 全部字母均大写
科技英语论文
论文摘要（abstract）
摘要有长有短，通常为100～150 个词左右，约为原文长度的1%～ 5%。
美国有些高校规定，硕士论文提要以 250词为宜，博士论文以350词为宜。
论文摘要（abstract）
简明扼要，通常只有一段话。 主要内容： 研究目的：该研究的背景、重要性 完成的工作：方案选择、研究内容、关 键技术、 主要成果及其意义：重要的关键性的结 果，结论性的意见
Key words : hybrid electric vehicle petroleum substitution Battery
论文内容本身（text）
1）引言（introduction） 简要介绍文章的主题、目的和背景，有
关本项研究的目前状况、存在的问题， 本文解决了什么问题，取得的结果及其 意义。
论文摘要（abstract）
摘要的语言结构：
谓语动词简单而句子的其余成分却十分复杂 大量使用be和have的变化形式做谓语动词 大量使用被动句
描述自己的工作时态用过去时或完成时，但 陈述理论或事实要用现在时。
研究目的、研究对象 This paper presents
/discusses/ studies/ deals with/ investigates This paper presents an analysis of principles of magnetic refrigeration with application to air conditioning. A comparison with conventional evaporation-condensation gas cycle device is presented. Conclusions concerning the applicability of magnetic refrigeration to air conditioning are made.