第12节拆分、合并法分句法和合句法是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。
分句法是指把原文的一个简单句译成两个或更多句子。
合句法是原文两个简单句或一个复合句在译文中用一个单句来表达。
一．拆分法（一）把原文中的一个单词译成句子1.副词1）The Chinese seemed justifiably proud of their economic achievements.2）Incidentally, I hope to get better treatment in these countries than I was treated in the United States.3）They, not surprisingly, did not respond at all.1)中国人似乎为他们在经济上取得的成就而自豪，这是合乎情理的。
2)顺便提一下，我希望能在这些国家得到比我在美国得到的更好的对待。
3)他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。
2.形容词1）Alice and Mary stood in quiet sorrow for some time. 2）Chairman Mao might have spoken withunderstandable pride of his policy of “self-reliance”.3）The room was all very neat and christmasy.4）That region was the most identifiable trouble spot. 5）He had long been held in cordial contempt by his colleagues; now that contempt was no longer cordial.1)爱丽丝和玛丽难过地站在那儿，半天没说一句话。
（好一阵子谁也没说话）2)毛主席在谈到他的“自力更生”的政策时，也许有些自豪感，这是可以理解的。
3)房间十分整洁，布置得象过圣诞节似的。
4)那地区是个麻烦的地方，这是大家最容易看出来的。
5)长期以来，他的同事虽然看不起他，却还是对他有些亲切感；现在，除看不起之外，亲切感也没有了。
3.名词1）A movie of me leaving that building would look like a disaster.2) As a place to live, it left much to be desired. As a secret training base for a new plane, it was an excellent site, its remoteness effectively masking its activity.3) He shook his head and his eyes were wide, then narrowed in indignation.1) 我离开那栋楼的情景，要是拍成电影的话，会象一场灾难一样。
2）作为居住的地方，这里有许多不足之处。
但作为新型飞机的秘密训练基地，却是非常理想的。
它地处边陲，人们不易了解其中的活动。
3）他摇了摇头，两眼睁得圆圆的，接着又眯成一条线，脸上露出了愤怒的神色。
作业：1. He wished he were at home. Ordinarily, he would have been there three hours ago.2. Illogically, she had expected some kind of miracle solution.3. But, occasionally, through haste or carelessness, mistakes were made, so that at the end of the business day one teller would be short on cash, the other long.4. Characteristically, Mr. Harold concealed his feelings and watched and learned.5.He stalked away, but with a gnawing uncertainty in his breast.6. The inside of each tent depended on the personality of its occupants.（二）把原文中的一个短语译成句子1.分词短语1)They were at home in the home of the people, movingconfidently without fear.2)She sat with her hands cupping her chin, staring at acorner of the garden.3)Sunrays filtered in wherever they could, driving outdarkness and shadows.1)他们在群众家里感到自在，行动时心里踏实，无忧无虑。
2)她坐在那儿双手托着下巴，眼睛凝视着花园的一角。
3)阳光射入了它所能透过的所有地方，赶走了黑暗，驱散了阴影。
2.名词短语1)I wrote four books in the first three years, a record nevertouched before.2)The station chief wanted to be close to the director, amember of the inner circle.3)The military is forbidden to ‘kill’the vessel, a relativelyeasy task.4)Energy can neither be created nor destroyed, auniversally accepted law.1)我头三年写了四本书，打破了以往的记录。
2)这位站长想接近董事，因为董事是核心集团的成员。
3)（政府）禁止军方“击毁”这艘潜艇，虽然击毁该艇并不怎么费事。
4)能量既不能被创造也不能被消灭，这是一条普遍公认的规律。
3.介词短语1）Their power increased with their number.2）He arrived in Washington at a ripe moment internationally.3）In August 1946, on my fifth trip through China, bound for my Moscow home but not in haste, since my husband had died in the war, I came to Yanan.1)他们人数增加了，力量也随之增强。
2）他来到华盛顿，就国际形势来说，时机正合适。
3）一九四六年八月，我在回莫斯科家的途中，第五次路过中国；由于我丈夫已在战争中牺牲了，当时我并不急于回去，就到了延安。
作业：1．He was lying on his side watching the painting on the wall.2．Doctors and patients both talked about a miracle herb constantly almost with awe.3．But they had become nomads of desert, living on the ground and under the sky.4．The school was already spreading a fame for its food. 5．The answer had been there all the time just out of his reach.6．Mr. Myles still smiled but his voice had a little bit of irritation in it, unusual to Rob.（三）把原文的一个句子拆开，译成两个或更多句子。
On April 2,2008 an aircraft carrier HORNET put tosea escorted by cruisers, destroyers and a fleet oiler.（英语简单句--—汉语联合复句的并列句）“大黄蜂”号航空母舰于二00八年四月二日出航，由若干巡洋舰、驱逐舰和一艘舰队油船护航。
2)This attitude has been described as anything from a“merciful loss of memory” to “escapist therapy”.（英语简单句——汉语联合复句的分合句）人们对这种态度有各种的议论，有的说是“好心的遗忘”，有的说是“逃避现实的疗法”。
3)His superior grades at high school enabled him toenroll at the tuition-free College of the City of NewYork.（英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的因果句）由于在中学成绩优异，他进入了免费的纽约市立大学。
4)The development of an economical artificial heartis only a few transient failures away.（英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的条件句）只需再经过几次暂时的失败，就能造出价格低廉的人工心脏了。
5)The two countries --- with all the talk ofwarmer relations---are spying on each other asavidly as at the height of the cold war.（英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的让步句）尽管两国高唱关系热化，但双方在互相侦察方面的急切程度，不减于冷战高潮时期。
6）A call from Chile to Spain had to be radioed overthe Andes and the Caribbean to New York, across theAtlantic by cable, and over telephone wires throughEurope to Madrid.（英语简单句——汉语偏正复句的假设句）如果要从智利与西班牙通话，就得先用无线电越过安第斯山脉和加勒比海，到纽约中转，由电缆通过大西洋，然后再通过电话线经欧洲大陆通马德里。
