合肥一六八中学适应性考试(理综)

合肥一六八中学2025届高三10月段考试卷数学考生注意：1．试卷分值：150分，考试时间：120分钟．2．考生作答时，请将答案答在答题卡上．选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；非选择题请用直径0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答案区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上作答无效．3．所有答案均要答在答题卡上，否则无效．考试结束后只交答题卡．一、单选题（本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分）1．已知集合{A x x =<，1ln 3B x x ⎧⎫=<⎨⎬⎩⎭，则A B = （ ）A ．{x x <B ．{x x <C ．{0x x <<D ．{0x x <<2．设a ，b 均为单位向量，则“55a b a b -=+”是“a b ⊥ ”的（ ）A ．充分而不必要条件B ．必要而不充分条件C ．充分必要条件D ．既不充分也不必要条件3．已知数列{}n a 满足()111n n a a +-=，若11a =-，则10a =（ ）A ．2B ．－2C ．－1D ．124．已知实数a ，b ，c 满足0a b c <<<，则下列不等式中成立的是（ ）A ．11a b b a+>+B ．22a b aa b b+<+C ．a b b c a c<--D ．ac bc>5．已知a ∈R ，2sin cos αα+=，则tan 2α=（ ）A ．43B ．34C ．43-D ．34-6．10名环卫工人在一段直线公路一侧植树，每人植一棵，相邻两棵树相距15米，开始时需将树苗集中放置在某一树坑旁边，现将树坑从（1）到（10）依次编号，为使每名环卫工人从各自树坑前来领取树苗所走的路程总和最小，树苗可以放置的两个最佳坑位的编号为（ ）A ．（1）和（10）B ．（4）和（5）C ．（5）和（6）D ．（4）和（6）7．设0.1e1a =-，111b =，ln1.1c =，则（ ）A ．b c a<<B ．c b a<<C ．a b c<<D ．a c b<<8．定义在R 上的奇函数()f x ，且对任意实数x 都有()302f x f x ⎛⎫--+=⎪⎝⎭，()12024e f =．若()()0f x f x '+->，则不等式()11ex f x +>的解集是（ ）A ．()3,+∞B ．(),3-∞C ．()1,+∞D ．(),1-∞二、多选题（本大题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分．在每小题给出的选项中，有多项符合题目要求．全部选对得6分，部分选对得部分分，有选错的得0分）9．已知O 为坐标原点，点()1cos1,sin1P ，()2cos 2,sin 2P -，()3cos3,sin 3P ，()1,0Q ，则（）A ．12OP OP = B ．12QP QP =C ．312OQ OP OP OP ⋅=⋅ D ．123OQ OP OP OP ⋅=⋅ 10．三次函数()32f x x ax =++叙述正确的是（ ）A ．当1a =时，函数()f x 无极值点B ．函数()f x 的图象关于点()0,2中心对称C ．过点()0,2的切线有两条D ．当a <－3时，函数()f x 有3个零点11．已知()2sin 2f x x =+，对任意的π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，都存在2π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，使得()()123f x f x α=+成立，则下列选项中，α可能的值是（ ）A ．3π4B ．4π7C ．6π7D ．8π7三、填空题（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）12．已知复数1+与3i 在复平面内用向量OA 和OB 表示（其中i 是虚数单位，O 为坐标原点），则OA与OB夹角为______．13．函数2x y m m =-+在(],2-∞上的最大值为4，则m 的取值范围是______．14．设a 、b 、[]0,1c ∈，则M ______．四、解答题（本大题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）15．（13分）已知ABC △中，角A ，B ，C 的对边分别为a ，b ，c ，cos sin 0a C C b c --=．（1）求角A ；（2）已知8b =，从下列三个条件中选择一个作为已知，使得ABC △存在，并求出ABC △的面积．条件①：2cos 3B =-；条件②：7a =；条件③：AC ．（注：如果选择的条件不符合要求，第（2）问得0分；如果选择多个符合要求的条件分别解答，按第一个解答计分．）16．（15分）某地区上年度天然气价格为2.8元/3m ，年用气量为3m a ．本年度计划将天然气单价下调到2.55元/3m 至2.75元/3m 之间．经调查测算，用户期望天然气单价为2.4元/3m ，下调单价后新增用气量和实际单价与用户的期望单价的差成反比（比例系数为k ）．已知天然气的成本价为2.3元/3m ．（1）写出本年度天然气价格下调后燃气公司的收益y （单位：元）关于实际单价x （单位：元/3m ）的函数解析式；（收益=实际用气量×（实际单价－成本价））（2）设0.2k a =，当天然气单价最低定为多少时，仍可保证燃气公司的收益比上年度至少增加20%?17．（15分）已知函数()824x x xa f x a +⋅=⋅（a 为常数，且0a ≠，a ∈R ），且()f x 是奇函数．（1）求a 的值；（2）若[]1,2x ∀∈，都有()()20f x mf x -≥成立，求实数m 的取值范围．18．（17分）已知函数()()2ln f x x x =-（1）讨论函数()f x 的单调性；（2）求函数()f x 在()()22e ,ef 处切线方程；（3）若()f x m =有两解1x ，2x ，且12x x <，求证：2122e e x x <+<．19．（17分）（1）若干个正整数之和等于20，求这些正整数乘积的最大值．（2）①已知12,,,n a a a ⋅⋅⋅，都是正数，求证：12n a a a n++⋅⋅⋅+≥；②若干个正实数之和等于20，求这些正实数乘积的最大值．合肥一六八中学2025届高三10月段考试卷·数学参考答案、提示及评分细则题号1234567891011答案DCCBBCACACABDAC一、单选题（本大题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分）1．【答案】D【解析】131ln 0e 3x x <⇒<<，∵23e 2<，∴661132e 2⎛⎫⎛⎫<⇒< ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭．故选D ．2．【答案】C【解析】∵“55a b a b -=+ ”，∴平方得222225102510a b a b a b a b +-⋅=++⋅，即200a b ⋅= ，则0a b ⋅= ，即a b ⊥，反之也成立．故选C ．3．【答案】C 【解析】因为111n na a +=-，11a =-，所以212a =，32a =，41a =-，所以数列{}n a 的周期为3，所以101a =-．故选C ．4．【答案】B【解析】对于A ，因为0a b <<，所以11a b >，所以11a b b a+<+，故A 错误；对于B ，因为0a b <<，所以()()()()222220222a b b a a b a b a b a a b b a b b a b b+-++--==<+++，故B 正确；对于C ，当2a =-，1b =-，1c =时，13b a c =-，1a b c =-，b aa cb c<--，故C 错误；对于D ，因为a b <，0c >，所以ac bc <，故D 错误．故选B ．5．【答案】B【解析】2sin cos αα+=，则()252sin cos 2αα+=，即2254sin 4sin cos cos 2αααα++=，可得224tan 4tan 15tan 12ααα++=+，解得tan 3α=-或13．那么22tan 3tan 21tan 4ααα==-．故选B ．6．【答案】C【解析】设树苗可以放置的两个最佳坑位的编号为x ，则各位同学从各自树坑前来领取树苗所走的路程总和为：1152151015S x x x =-⨯+-⨯+⋅⋅⋅+-⨯．若S 取最小值，则函数()()()()22222221210101101210y x x x x x =-+-+⋅⋅⋅+-=-+++⋅⋅⋅+也取最小值，由二次函数的性质，可得函数()2222101101210y x x =-+++⋅⋅⋅+的对称轴为 5.5x =，又∵x 为正整数，故5x =或6．故选C 7．【答案】A【解析】构造函数()1ln f x x x =+，0x >，则()211f x x x'=-，0x >，当()0f x '=时，1x =，01x <<时，()0f x '<，()f x 单调递减；1x >时，()0f x '>，()f x 单调递增．∴()f x 在1x =处取最小值()11f =，∴1ln 1x x>-，（0x >且1x ≠），∴101ln1.111111>-=，∴c b >；构造函数()1e 1ln x g x x -=--，1x >，()11ex g x x-'=-，∵1x >，1e1x ->，11x<，∴()0g x '>，()g x 在()1,+∞上递增，∴()()10g x g >=，∴ 1.11e 1ln1.1-->，即0.1e 1ln1.1->，∴a c >．故选A ．8．【答案】C【解析】因为()f x 是奇函数，所以()f x '是偶函数，因为()()0f x f x '+->，所以()()0f x f x '+>，令()()e x g x f x =，()()()e 0xg x f x f x ''=+>⎡⎤⎣⎦，()g x 在R 上单调递增．又因为()302f x f x ⎛⎫--+=⎪⎝⎭且()f x 是奇函数，所以()f x 的周期为3，()12024e f =，则()12ef =，所以()212e e e g =⨯=，则不等式()()()()111e 1e 12ex x f x f x g x g ++>⇒+>⇒+>，因为()g x 在R 上单调递增，所以12x +>，即1x >．故选C ．二、多选题（本大题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分）9．【答案】AC【解析】∵()1cos1,sin1P ，()2cos 2,sin 2P -，()()()3cos 12,sin 12P ++，()1,0Q ，∴()1cos1,sin1OP = ，()2cos 2,sin 2OP =- ，()()()3cos 12,sin 12OP =++ ，()1,0OQ = ，()1cos11,sin1QP =- ，()2cos 21,sin 2QP =-- ，易知121OP OP == ，故A 正确；∵1QP = ，2QP = ，∴12QP QP ≠ ，故B 错误；()3cos 12cos1cos 2sin1sin 2OQ OP ⋅=+=- ，12cos1cos 2sin1sin 2OP OP ⋅=- ，∴312OQ OP OP OP ⋅=⋅ ，故C 正确；1cos1OQ OP ⋅= ，23cos 2cos3sin 2sin 3cos5cos1OP OP ⋅=-=≠ ，故D 错误．故选AC ．10．【答案】ABD【解析】对于A ：1a =，()32f x x x =++，()2310f x x '=+>，()f x 单调递增，无极值点，故A 正确；对于B ：因为()()4f x f x +-=，所以函数()f x 的图象关于点()0,2中心对称，故B 正确；对于C ：设切点()()1,x f x ，则切线方程为()()()111y f x f x x x '-=-，因为过点()0,2，所以()()()112f x f x x '-=-，331111223x ax x ax ---=--，解得10x =，即只有一个切点，即只有一条切线，故C 错误；对于D ：()23f x x a '=+，当3a <-时，()0f x '=，x =，当,x ⎛∈-∞ ⎝时，()0f x '>，()f x 单调递增，当x ⎛∈ ⎝时，()0f x '<，()f x 单调递减，当x ⎫∈+∞⎪⎪⎭时，()0f x '>，()f x 单调递增，()f x 有极大值为20f ⎛=> ⎝，所以若函数()f x 有3个零点，()f x 有极小值为20f =+<，得到3a <-，故D 正确．故选ABD ．11．【答案】AC【解析】∵π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，∴[]1sin 0,1x ∈，∴()[]12,4f x ∈，∵对任意的1π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，都存在2π0,2x ⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，使得()()123f x f x a =+成立，∴()2min 23f x α+≤，()2max 43f x α+≥，∴()2sin 2f x x =+，∴()2min 2sin 3x α+≤-，()2max 1sin 3x α+≥-，sin y x =在π3π,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递减．在3π,2π2⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦上单调递增．当3π4α=时，23π5π,44x α⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()2max 3π1sin sin 043x α+=>>-，()2min5πsin sin 4x α+==23<-，故A 正确，当4π7α=时，24π15π,714x α⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()2max 15π7π12sin sin sin 14623x α+=>=->-，故B 错误，当6π7α=时，26π19π,714x α⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()2max 6π1sin sin 073x α+=>>-，()2min 19πsin sin 14x α+=<4π2sin33=<-，故C 正确，当8π7α=时，28π23π,714x α⎡⎤+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦，()2max 8π9π1sin sin sin 783x α+=<=<-．故错误．故选AC ．三、填空题（本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分）12．【答案】π6【解析】由题知(OA = ，()0,3OB = ，cos ,OA OB OA OB OA OB⋅==⋅π6AOB ∠=．故本题答案为π6．13．【答案】(],2-∞【解析】当0m ≤时，函数2x y m m =-+的图象是由2xy =向上平移m 个单位后，再向下平移m 个单位，函数图象还是2xy =的图象，满足题意，当02m <≤时，函数2x y m m =-+图象是由2xy =向下平移m 个单位后，再把x 轴下方的图象对称到上方，再向上平移m 个单位，根据图象可知02m <≤满足题意，2m >时不合题意．故本题答案为(],2-∞．14．3【解析】不妨设01a b c ≤≤≤≤，则M =，≤=∴33M =+≤+≤，当且仅当b a c b -=-，0a =，1c =，即0a =，12b =，1c =时，等号成立．3+．四、解答题（本大题共5小题，共77分．解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤）15．【解析】（1）因为cos sin 0a C C b c +--=，由正弦定理得sin cos sin sin sin 0A C A C B C +--=．即：()sin cos sin sin sin 0A C A C A C C +-+-=，()sin cos sin sin 0sin 0A C A C C C --=>cos 1A A -=，即π1sin 62A ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭，因为0πA <<，所以ππ66A -=，得π3A =；（2）选条件②：7a =．在ABC △中，由余弦定理得：2222cos a b c bc A =+-，即222π7816cos3c c =+-⋅．整理得28150c c -+=，解得3c =或5c =．当3c =时，ABC △的面积为：1sin 2ABC S bc A ==△，当c=5时，ABC △的面积为：1sin 2ABC S bc A ==△，选条件③：AC，设AC 边中点为M ，连接BM，则BM =，4AM =，在ABM △中，由余弦定理得2222cos BM AB AM AB AM A =+-⋅⋅，即2π21168cos3AB AB =+-⋅．整理得2450AB AB --=，解得5AB =或1AB =-（舍）．所以ABC △的面积为1sin 2ABC S AB AC A =⋅⋅=△．16．【解析】（1）()2.32.4k y a x x ⎛⎫=+-⎪-⎝⎭，[]2.55,2.75x ∈；（2）由题意可知要同时满足以下条件：()()[]0.2 2.3 1.2 2.8 2.32.42.55,2.75a a x a x x ⎧⎛⎫+-≥-⎪⎪-⎝⎭⎨⎪∈⎩，∴2.6 2.75x ≤≤，即单价最低定为2.6元/3m ．17．【解析】（1）()1122x x f x a =⨯+，因为()f x 是奇函数，所以()()f x f x -=-，所以11112222x x x x a a⎛⎫⨯+=-⨯+ ⎪⎝⎭，所以111202x xa ⎛⎫⎛⎫++=⎪⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭，所以110a +=，1a =-；（2）因为()122x x f x =-，[]1,2x ∈，所以22112222x x xx m ⎛⎫-≥- ⎪⎝⎭，所以122x x m ≥+，[]1,2x ∈，令2xt =，[]1,2x ∈，[]2,4t ∈，由于1y t t=+在[]2,4单调递增，所以117444m ≥+=．18．【解析】（1）()f x 的定义域为()0,+∞，()1ln f x x '=-，当()0f x '=时，e x =，当()0,e x ∈时，()0f x '>，当()e,x ∈+∞时，()0f x '<，故()f x 在区间()0,e 内为增函数，在区间()e,+∞为减函数；（2）()2e 0f =，()22e 1ln e 1f '=-=-，所以()()22e ,ef 处切线方程为：()()201e y x -=--，即2e 0x y +-=；（3）先证122e x x +>，由（1）可知：2120e e x x <<<<，要证12212e 2e x x x x +>⇔>-，也就是要证：()()()()21112e 2e f x f x f x f x <-⇔<-，令()()()2e g x f x f x =--，()0,e x ∈，则()()()2ln 2e 2ln e 2e e 0g x x x '=--≥--=，所以()g x 在区间()0,e 内单调递增，()()e 0g x g <=，即122e x x +>，再证212e x x +<，由（2）可知曲线()f x 在点()2e ,0处的切线方程为()2e x x ϕ=-，令()()()()()222ln e 3ln e m x f x x x x x x x x ϕ=-=---+=--，()2ln m x x '=-，∴()m x 在e x =处取得极大值为0，故当()0,e x ∈时，()()f x x ϕ<，()()12m f x f x ==，则()()2222e m f x x x ϕ=<=-，即22e m x +<，又10e x <<，()()111111112ln 1ln m f x x x x x x x x ==-=+->，∴2122e x x m x +<+<．19．【解析】（1）将20分成正整数1,,n x x ⋅⋅⋅之和，即120n x x =+⋅⋅⋅+，假定乘积1n p x x =⋅⋅⋅已经最大．若11x =，则将1x 与2x 合并为一个数1221x x x +=+，其和不变，乘积由122x x x =增加到21x +，说明原来的p 不是最大，不满足假设，故2i x ≥，同理()21,2,,i x i n ≥=⋅⋅⋅．将每个大于2的22i i x x =+-拆成2，2i x -之和，和不变，乘积()224i i i x x x -≤⇒≤．故所有的i x 只能取2，3，4之一，而42222=⨯=+，所以将i x 取2和3即可．如果2的个数≥3，将3个2换成两个3，这时和不变，乘积则由8变成9，故在p 中2的个数不超过2个．那只能是202333333=++++++，最大乘积为6321458⨯=；（2）①证明：先证：1ex x -≥．令()1e x f x x -=-，则()1e 1x f x -'=-，()10f '=，且()()10f x f ≥=，1-≥1,2,,i n =⋅⋅⋅，1111--≥=，1n ≥0n ≥，∴12n a a a n++⋅⋅⋅+≥②让n 固定，设n 个正实数1,,n x x ⋅⋅⋅之和为20，120n x x n n +⋅⋅⋅+≤=，1220nn p x x x n ⎛⎫=⋅⋅⋅≤ ⎪⎝⎭，要是20nn ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭最大，20ln nn ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭最大即可，令()()20ln ln 20ln tg t t t t ⎛⎫==- ⎪⎝⎭，其中*t ∈N ，()20ln ln e g t t '=-，∴7t ≤时，()g t 单调递增，8t ≥时，()g t 单调递减，而()()()()87787ln 207ln 78ln 208ln 8ln 8ln 7200g g -=---=-⨯>，所以这些正实数乘积的最大值为7207⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭．。

合肥一六八中学2024届物理高一第二学期期末达标测试试题请考生注意：1．请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上，请用0．5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。

写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。

2．答题前，认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》，按规定答题。

一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分。

在每小题给出的四个选项中，有的只有一项符合题目要求，有的有多项符合题目要求。

全部选对的得5分，选对但不全的得3分，有选错的得0分。

1、(本题9分)汽车从静止开始沿平直公路做匀加速运动，设汽车所受阻力与速度成正比，在发动机的功率达到最大值之前的一段时间内，下列说法正确的是A．汽车的位移x与时间t成正比B．汽车的动能k E与t成正比C．汽车发动机的牵引力F是时间t的二次函数D．汽车发动机的输出功率P是时间t的二次函数v从A点沿电场线向B点运动，如图2、一个电子仅在电场力的作用下以一定的初速度所示，若规定向右的方向为正方向，则下列位移-时间或速度-时间图象中能正确描述电子运动情况的是（）A．B．C．D．3、(本题9分)2017年6月19日，“中星9A”卫星在西昌顺利发射升空。

卫星变轨如图所示，卫星先沿椭圆轨道Ⅰ飞行，后在远地点Q改变速度成功变轨进入地球同步轨道Ⅱ，P点为椭圆轨道近地点。

下列说法正确的是（）A．卫星在椭圆轨道Ⅰ运行时，在P点的速度等于在Q点的速度B．卫星在椭圆轨道Ⅰ的Q点加速度大于在同步轨道Ⅱ的Q点的加速度C．卫星在椭圆轨道Ⅰ的Q点速度小于在同步轨道Ⅱ的Q点的速度D．卫星耗尽燃料后，在微小阻力的作用下，机械能减小，轨道半径变小，动能变小4、如图所示，一物块在与水平方向成θ角的拉力F的作用下，沿水平面向右运动一段距离s．则在此过程中，拉力F对物块所做的功为（）A．Fs B．FscosθC．FssinθD．Fstanθ5、(本题9分)如图所示，小球在细绳的牵引下，在光滑水平桌面上绕绳的另一端O做匀速圆周运动．关于小球的受力情况，下列说法正确的是A．只受重力和拉力的作用B．只受重力和向心力的作用C．只受重力、支持力和向心力的作用D．只受重力、支持力和拉力的作用6、一新型赛车在水平专用测试道上进行测试，该车总质量为m＝1×103kg，由静止开始沿水平测试道运动，用传感设备记录其运动的图象如图所示。

安徽省合肥一六八中学2024-2025学年高三上学期10月段考英语试卷一、阅读理解Pottery (陶艺) ClassesWheel Throwing Taster$89.00Get down and dirty with us. This is the class everyone thinks about when they hear pottery class,but we promise there won’t be an awkward moment in sight. This class is ideal for folks with zero experience who want to try the wheel to see if they like it before taking on a four-week class to learn the tricks.Nerikomi$130.00So you’ve worked with clay, but you’re looking to learn more techniques and you are curious about decoration and patterns in clay. Then this class is for you! This 2.5-hour class will guide you through the process of Nerikomi: a decorative technique established in Japan that involves stacking (堆叠) coloured clay and slicing through the cross section to reveal a pattern.Sculpt Your Own Pet$130.00Develop your pottery skills with resident artist Ginny Lagos in this two-and-a-half-hour session! You’ll be guided to sculpt your very own clay creature creation, to look just like your favourite animal. Just bring along some pictures of your pet. The more, the better and we’ll show you how to turn a blob of (一团) clay into your best animal friend.Kirinuki$130.00If you’ve dabbled (涉足) in clay, but you’d like to learn something unique, join us! Unlike most other techniques in clay, Kirinuki starts with a solid block of clay, which is then hollowed out (挖空), and carved. You’re left with containers that have a very strong connection to the earth that they originate from.1．Which class targets pottery beginners?A．Nerikomi.B．Kirinuki.C．Wheel Throwing Taster.D．Sculpt Your Own Pet.2．What will students learn in the Nerikomi class?A．A pottery decorating technique.B．A wheel throwing method.C．A pottery colouring way.D．A clay carving skill.3．Which activity will the Kirinuki class offer?A．Stacking coloured clay.B．Making a clay earth model.C．Creating animal clay figures.D．Sculpting containers from clay blocks.It is a story which began in 2009 in the remote valleys of Papua New Guinea’s (PNG) Huon Peninsula and is being heard around Caffe Vita’s stores in Seattle, Los Angeles and New York City, USA．Here,500g bags of this high-quality coffee are available for purchase, alongside freshly made cups for in-store enjoyment.The limited harvest is grown under native shade at elevations (海拔) ranging from 1200 to 1500 metres by farmers who have committed to conserving 180,000 acres (英亩) of land for the preservation of Matschie’s tree kangaroos. And according to Caffe Vita, it is the story behind the coffee as much as the quality of the product that attracts customers.Deforestation to make way for rice farming,combined with over-hunting, was threatening the only tree-living kangaroo. Thus in consultation with communities of Yopno, Uruwa, and Som (YUS), Woodland Park Zoo helped create PNG’s first conservation area.This was a significant achievement given that 95%of PNG land is owned by local people and the 15,000-strong population of the YUS region was geographically separated. Out of these strictures arose the opportunity to make use of existing skill sets in agriculture for communities to develop in harmony with national policy.Setting aside land to grow high value coffee was so appealing that some people walked for two days to participate in the consultation meetings.Karau Kuna from the Tree Kangaroo Conservation Program (TKCP) explained“in reality, all the planning was done by the people; we the facilitators just introduced the concept and provided the technical support” .But going beyond coffee growing was key to the project’s longevity. Community members also learned about processing and will eventually take on marketing the product to new and existing buyers. As with any new project there are challenges, but Lisa Dabek, Director of the TKCP, is confident. She explains“the coffee project continues to grow and strengthen despite the challenge of transport in this remote region.SOS (Save Our Species) funding has allowed us to provide further technical assistance for the coffee project while it is still at a critical stage” . 4．For what reason do the buyers purchase the PNG coffee?A．Its rarity.B．Its cheap price.C．Its convenience.D．Its ecological background.5．What does the underlined word“strictures”in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Advantages.B．Restrictions.C．Disagreements.D．Flexibilities. 6．What is local people’s attitude toward the coffee project?A．Unclear.B．Dismissive.C．Approving.D．Doubtful. 7．What can we infer about the coffee project from the last paragraph?A．It is in urgent need of funding.B．It is progressing despite difficulties.C．It has achieved the expected victory.D．It has improved local transportation.Picture this: you are running late to drop your kids off at school in the morning. On top of this, it is pouring rain outside. While you are driving down the highway, another car cuts you off. You begin to think they must be a rude person who is also a terrible driver. A couple of minutes later, you, yourself accidentally cut off someone. You inform yourself your action is a result of the fact that you are late for your child’s drop-off and you cannot see well because of the rain. Why is it that we automatically assume others’ negative actions are a result of who they are as a person while giving ourselves excuses? The actor-observer bias (偏差) is an explanation for this confusing phenomenon.When you explain someone’s behavior based on internal factors, like assuming the person who cuts you off is a rude person, but attributing (把……归因于) your own behavior to external situational factors, you are engaging in the actor-observer bias.So why does the actor-observer effect occur? The general explanation is that it occurs as a defense mechanism for maintaining high personal dignity. We would rather believe that our faults come from factors we cannot control because then we cannot change them and it is easier for us to accept the outcome.The actor-observer bias is the cause of many arguments between the actor and the observer as a result of a misunderstanding of the effect of external and internal factors. How can we stop thinking this way and become more sympathetic to the people around us? This is where it gets tricky because the observer’s internal attributions are an automatic process which means they occur almost immediately and unconsciously (无意识地).In order to become more sympathetic towards surrounding people in situations, we must make the attributions a controlled process. A controlled process is when the observer purposely focuses attention on something and is consciously aware of the process,unlike an automatic process. Knowing what the actor-observer effect is and how it can influence your own attributions is a good step toward becoming more sympathetic and kinder to people you interact with. 8．How would we define the other driver’s behavior in Paragraph 1?A．An emotional outburst.B．A display of bad manners.C．A moment of carelessness.D．An unavoidable circumstance.9．Why do we fall for the actor-observer bias?A．To safeguard our self-image.B．To avoid arguments with others.C．To promote sympathy towards others.D．To ensure fairness in interpersonal interactions.10．How might an observer be more considerate to an actor’s actions?A．By focusing on the situational factors.B．By making the attribution process automatic.C．By attributing these actions to internal factors.D．By imagining themselves in the same situations.11．What is the best title for the text?A．Why we repeat our mistakesB．How we can stop blaming othersC．What is the science of social justiceD．Why we always ignore our own faultsSolar power is helping bring about a future of cleaner energy, but there are limits to where rigid solar panels (刚性太阳能电池板)can go. A new kind of solar cell made with a mineral called perovskite (钙钛矿)can go almost anywhere, says physicist Olga Malinkiewicz. We can use perovskite cells on the surfaces of the building, on the roofs of the buildings, on the roofs of the cars and on the electronic devices. We can use it on the sails. We can use it in the balls, tents and unlimited applications. Malinkiewicz says perovskite has become a favorite among solar panel researchers. Because it can be printed, everyone can use it on every surface.Malinkiewicz developed a way to print perovskite panels like an inkjet printer. She co-founded a company to produce them, called Soleil Technologies, after the Baltic sun goddess. Construction company Skanska is testing the panels at their Warsaw headquarters. Adam Targowski is sustainable (可持续的)development manager for Skanska. They work perfectly, even when they are not well exposed to sunlight. So we can use them in all surfaces of the building. Soleil calculates that about one square meter of panel can supply a day’s worth of power for one worker’s computer and lights. And they keep getting better as research continues, says the company’s scientific director Konrad Wojciechowski.For other technologies, it took decades to really enter markets. Perovskite has been around only for few years in scientific research, so there is still a lot to be done, but potential is basically pretty much unlimited, I think. There are still durability and other problems to work out, but several companies expect to have perovskite panels on the market this year.12．What do we know about perovskite solar cell from the first paragraph?A．It’s delicate.B．It’s complex.C．It’s flexible.D．It’s expensive. 13．What does the underlined word “they” in the second paragraph refer to?A．Skanska and Adam Targowski.B．Malinkiewicz and Skanska.C．Soleil Technologies.D．Perovskite panels.14．What can we infer from the last paragraph?A．It needs years to put perovskite panels into markets.B．Scientists think perovskite panels are ready for markets.C．Perovskite has been studied for decades.D．Perovskite panels will soon be seen in the market.15．What is the main purpose of the passage?A．To explain how to use perovskite panels.B．To introduce perovskite panels.C．To advertise a new solar power cell.D．To propose scientists to further study perovskiet cells.Attitudes toward small talk can vary, but there are a few reasons why some people may dislike small talk.16 People who value deep connections may find small talk insufficient for building meaningful relationships. But it needn’t be. If the goal is to use small talk to deepen connections with others, consider the kind of information you are sharing. Communication research differentiates three levels of conversation: factual, personal, and relational.At the most superficial level of conversation, we share facts. We talk about things and their place in time and space, exchange news and facts, and report on our experiences factually and objectively (e.g., “It was warm outside today.” “I work as a computer analyst.”). Almost all these are factual information. 17The next is the personal level, where we talk about how we feel about the content at the informational level. (e.g., “I loved the warm weather today.” “ 18 ”). The personal level is defined by sharing emotions about something or someone beyond the current time and space. Sharing from the personal level invites the other person to connect with you at this deeper level.19 Think: What’s happening now? How am I feeling at this moment? How do you feel being here with me? When we bring our attention to the present moment, we often experience greater engagement and connection with others. 20 This brings our attention to the many aspects of our present-moment experience and lets another person into our inner world.You can get a sense of how the experience of intimate (亲密的) connection with another deepens as we move through the levels.A．I just came from London.B．I find my work rewarding.C．It has nothing to do with oversharing.D．It can be quite useful, but it lacks emotional content.E．Small talk is often seen as shallow and lacking depth.F．One way we can do this is to start sentences with “I notice...”.G．The relational level involves sharing in the present moment and space.二、完形填空When I was young, my family had one of the first telephones in our neighborhood. I used to listen with 21 when my mother talked to the old case 22 to the wall.Then I discovered that inside the wonderful 23 lived an amazing person — Information Please, who could 24 anybody’s number.My first personal 25 with this genie (精灵) -in-the-bottle came one day. Amusing myself at the tool bench, I hit my finger with a hammer. The pain was terrible, but there was no one home to give 26 . Suddenly I spotted the telephone. Quickly I ran for it and 27 the receiver. “Information Please!” I 28 . A voice spoke into my ear. “Information.” “I hurt my finger...” The tears came readily enough now that I had a(n) 29 .“Isn’t your mother home?” came the question. “Nobody’s home but me.”“Are you bleeding?” “No.” I replied.“Can you open your icebox?” she asked. I said I could. “Then 30 a little piece of ice and hold it to your finger.”After that I called her for everything. I asked her for help with my geography and math. She even 31 me that my pet chipmunk I had caught in the park liked eating fruits and nuts.As I grew into my teens, the memories of those childhood 32 never really left me; often in moments of 33 I would recall the sense of security I had then. I 34 how patient and 35 a stranger was to have spent her time on a little boy.21．A．respect B．sincerity C．fascination D．caution 22．A．driven B．pushed C．opened D．fixed 23．A．hole B．device C．home D．community 24．A．provide B．change C．delete D．guess 25．A．meeting B．experience C．interview D．cooperation 26．A．approval B．confidence C．comfort D．comment 27．A．pressed B．dialled C．replaced D．lifted 28．A．ordered B．cheered C．yelled D．declared 29．A．teacher B．audience C．partner D．assistant 30．A．heat up B．slip on C．put away D．chip off 31．A．informed B．showed C．warned D．inspired 32．A．conversations B．injuries C．pains D．dreams 33．A．glory B．kindness C．confusion D．anger 34．A．admitted B．appreciated C．wondered D．estimated 35．A．optimistic B．ambitious C．disciplined D．understanding三、语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

安徽省合肥一六八中学2023-2024学年中考语文模拟试题注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

一、积累与运用1．依次填入下面横线处的词语，恰当的一组是（）将一门技术掌握到绝非易事，但工匠精神的远不限于此。

倘若没有发自肺腑的热爱，怎有废寝忘食的付出？没有的追求，怎有出类拔萃的卓越？没有的境界，怎有脚踏实地的淡定？工匠精神所深藏的，有格物致知的生命哲学，也有超然达观的人生信念。

A．融会贯通内容超今冠古物我两忘B．炉火纯青内涵超今冠古物我两忘C．融会贯通内涵物我两忘超今冠古D．炉火纯青内容物我两忘超今冠古2．下面有关文学文化常识表述有误的一项是（）A．“春节、惊蛰、清明、夏至”都是二十四节气中的节气。

B．古代把“梅、兰、竹、菊”誉称为花中四君子，把“琴、棋、书、画”称为“文人四友”。

C．奥楚蔑洛夫是俄国作家契诃夫的代表作《变色龙》中的人物，他是一个见风使舵的人。

D．左丘明是春秋时期人，《左传》是他根据鲁史所编写的一部编年体史书。

3．下列有关文学常识及课文内容的表述，有错误．．．的一项是（）A．托物言志是散文常用手法，如茅盾的《白杨礼赞》借白杨树歌颂了中华民族奋发向上的精神，宗璞的《紫藤萝瀑布》在写花中抒发了积极的人生情怀，高尔基的《海燕》借对海燕战斗英姿的刻画，歌颂了俄国无产阶级革命先驱者坚强无畏的战斗精神。

B．先秦诸子百家的作品启示深远，如孟子的《天将降大任于是人也》启示人们要有忧患意识，《庄子·逍遥游》借鲲鹏的形象启示人们要积极进取、奋力拼搏。

C．“序”“说”“书”都是古代的一种文体，如《送东阳马生序》是一篇赠序，《马说》是借千里马阐述人才被埋没的议论性文体，《与谢中书书》是陶弘景回复谢中书的一封信。