时 , 蒸散量由 a 状态通过分岔突变现 象进入 b 1 或 b 2 , 随 的变化, 又进一步出现分叉至 c1 或 c2 , c3 或 c4 ∀∀等, 呈正反馈或负反馈的非线性表现。实验 在其它条件相同的情况下 , 对构成蒸散的某一因子 进行不同的量 ( ) 的设定 , 通过测定蒸散量 E , 验证 是否随参量 有正、 负反馈表现。如果有正、 负反 馈 , 且存在相关非线性机制 , 说明蒸散 存在耗散结 构 , 耗散结构理论适应于水分的蒸散。
Abstract: T hrough m easuring t he w at er evapo tr anspiration by w eig hing at Dunhuang M ogao Gr ot to es in the ext reme dry ar ea, t he f act ors aff ect ing o n evapo tr anspiratio n, such as the size of soil g rain, salt , w at er, climat e stat us, t he kind of v eg et at ion and etc. , w ere com parat iv ely analyzed, and the no nlinear r elat ion ship betw een t he fact o rs and evapot ranspirat io n w ere f ound. T he evapo tr anspiratio n and t he facto rs have a w ide nonlinear act ive m echanism, fit t ing in the co ndit ions and charact er s of t he ex ist ence of the dissipat ive st ruct ure t heo ry. All relat iv e fact or s are t he elements of t he evapot ranspirat ion. T he integr at e act ion makes evapo tr anspiring int ensit y nonlinear st ate. T he int ensit y of t he evapot ranspirat ion is a st ructure funct ion f ormed by all fact or s. When the facto rs o f soil, w eather, w at er, veget at ion and et c. f luct uat e the coo perat ing reso nance, t he dissipative structure w ill be f ormed, and the ev apot ranspiring int ensit y sho w s a branching and g reat v ar iance w it h a hig her or lo w er no nlinearit y. T he dissipat ive structure prev alent ly ex ist s everyw here in t he evapo transpiration syst em. It is an int egrat e ref lect ing a spat io t emporal het erog ene it y of ev apot ranspir ing f act ors. T he theory of dissipat iv e st ruct ure is t est ified primarily , r ef lect ing it is suitably applied in t he ev apot ranspiring pro cesses. Key words: ev apot ranspirat ion; w at er; soil; w eat her; dissipat ive st ruct ure 自 1967 年普利高津提出耗散结构理论后 , 在物 理学、 化 学 等 科学 领 域 产 生 了 广 泛 而 深 远 的 影 [ 1 3] 响 , 耗散结构理论是指: 一个远离平衡态的复杂 系统, 各元素的作用具有非线性的特点, 正是这种非 线性的相关机制, 导致了大量离子的协同作用, 突变 而产生了有序结构 [ 4] 。普利高津把远离平衡的非
