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施心远主编《听力教程》3-（第2版）Unit-10答案Unit 10Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationDo You Risk Enough to Succeed?During the semi-finals of the 1990 Wimbledon(1)tennis tournament, 16-year-old Yugoslav Monica Seles faced American Zina Garriaon. As the match (2) proceeded, it became clear that Seles’s most formidable (3) opponent was not Garrison but herself.“The match was so close,” said a crestfallen Seles afterward. “I was going for the (4)safe shots. Even on Zina’s second serve I was (5)scared to hit the ball for winners.”When things get (6) tough, conventional wisdom tell us to (7) play it safe, to pull in your horns. Consequently, rather than performing to (8) our potential, we concentrate on minimizing our losers. The results can be (9) catastrophic.If you find yourself shying away from (10) risks, these five tips will help you (10) tap into the adventurous spirit buried in us all.1. Take (11) dreams seriously.2. Take it in little steps . When starting something new, (12) figure out a first step and make it one you are reasonably sure of (13) accomplishing.3. Don’t say “don’t”, The Don’ts, a form of (14) negative goal setting, can be self-fulfilling because your mind (15) responds to pictures.4. Make your own (16) rules.5. Learn from your mistakes.By (17)embracing risk, you will accomplish more than you(18)ever thought you could. In the process you will (19) transform your life into an exciting adventure that will constantly challenge, reward and (20) rejuvenate you.Part 2 listening for GistIt'll be a dull day, with outbreaks of rain. There may be some heavy showers in the south-west later, with perhaps the odd thunderstorm. The outlook for tomorrow: continuing dull, but there should be some breaks in the cloud by midday. It'll be quite warm, with a maximum temperature of about 16 to 17 degrees.Directions: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1.This passage is about a weather forecast.2. The key words are rain, showers, thunderstorm, outlook, and maximum temperature.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueAdulthoodInterviewer: OK, Bruce, Ur, why is the late twenties better than, say, earlier twent ies? Bruce: Ur, I think that when you’re in your, in the early twenties, you’re just getting over, um, teenage adolescent years, so now I think in the late twenties you kinda know a direction but, um, the early twenties are just too… you just kinda remember too many things of the teenage years and you're still trying to get a plan. But in the twenties, late twenties, you kind of know what you wanna do and you kind of have an idea of, of how to get it. And you know how to settle down, too. You can see a plan for getting things and also settling down.Interviewer: Hmm, um, is there a time in your life that you think you would call the most difficult time?Bruce: Probably the teenage years, like fourteen, fifteen ...Interviewer: Yeah?Bruce: Sixteen.Interviewer: The mid teens.Bruce: Yeah, I think the mid teens were the worst.Interviewer: So, Julie, why would you like to be a little girl again?Julie: Um, I think, uh, I think lately because the age I'm at now, I feel, is kind of a stressful age.Interviewer: Huh.。
施心远主编《听力教程》3_（第2版）_Unit_10Unit 10Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 Spot DictationDo You Risk Enough to Succeed?During the semi-finals of the 1990 Wimbledon(1) tennis tournament, 16-year-old Yugoslav Monica Seles faced American Zina Garriaon. As the match 2) proceeded, it became clear that Seles’s most formidable (3) opponent was not Garrison but herself.“The match was so close,” said a crestfallen* Seles afterward. “I was going for the (4) safe shots. Even on Zina’s second serve I was (5) scared to hit the ball for winners.”When things get (6) tough, conventional wisdom tell us to (7) play it safe, to pull in your horns*.Consequently, rather than performing to (8) our potential, we concentrate on minimizing our losers. The results can be (9) catastrophic.If you find yourself shying away from (10) risks, these five tips will help you (10) tap into the adventurous spirit buried in us all.1. Take (11) dreams seriously.2. Take it in little steps . When starting something new, (12) figure out a first step and make it one you are reasonably sure of (13) accomplishing.3. Don’t say “don’t”, The Don’ts, a form of (14) negative goal setting, can be self-fulfilling because your mind (15) responds to pictures.4. Make your own (16) rules.5. Learn from your mistakes.By (17) embracing risk, you will accomplish more than you(18) ever thought you could. In the process you will (19) transform your life into an exciting adventure that will constantly challenge, reward and (20) rejuvenate you.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and fill in the blanks with what you hear.Part 2 listening for GistIt'll be a dull day, with outbreaks of rain. There may be some heavy showers in the south-west later, with perhaps the odd thunderstorm. The outlook for tomorrow: continuing dull, but there should be some breaks in the cloud by midday. It'll be quite warm, with a maximum temperature of about 16 to 17 degrees.ExerciseDirections: Listen to the passage and write down the gist and the key words that help you decide.1. This passage is about a weather forecast.The key words are rain. showers. thunderstorm. outlook. maximum temperature.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialogueAdulthoodInterviewer: OK, Bruce, Ur, why is the late twenties better than, say, earlier twenties?Bruce: Ur, I think that when you’re in your, in the early twenties, you’re just getting over, um, teenage adolescent tears, so now I think in the late twenties you kinda know a direction but, um, the early twenties are just too… you ju st kinda remember too many things of the teenage years and you're still trying to get a plan. But in the twenties, late twenties, you kind of know what you wanna do and you kind of have an idea of, of how toget it. And you know how to settle down, too. You can see a plan for getting things and also settling down.. Interviewer: Hmm, um, is there a time in your life that you think you would call the most difficult time?Bruce: Probably the teenage years, like fourteen,fifteen ... Interviewer: Yeah?Bruce: Sixteen.Interviewer: The mid teens.Bruce: Yeah, I think the mid teens were the worst.Interviewer: So, Julie, why would you like to be a little girl again?Julie: Um, I think, uh, I think lately because the age I'm at now, I feel, is kind of a stressful age.Interviewer: Huh.Julie: When you're, when you're younger, you don't have as many worriesand responsibilities.Interviewer: Yeah.Julie: You don't have all the stresses of life as an adult. I think at the age I'm at now, when you get out of college and you need to find a job...Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: And I'm single and I can't depend on my parents anymore... Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: And I have new responsibilities - just trying to get used to having new responsibilities- and also figure out what I wanna do - there's lots of decisions. Interviewer: Uh-huh.Julie: I don't always know what the best thing to do is. Um, those are things that I need tolearn.Interviewer: Yeah.Julie: Yeah.Interviewer: So, Ann, why was being in your thirties good?Ann: Because in your thirties you pretty much know what you like and what you don'tlike，and you're kind of settled into life. And, at least for me, that was a really good time. Actually, now that my sons aremarried and, and they're independent...Interviewer: Uh-huh.Ann: When I come to, come to think about it, I probably do more interesting things now formyself than I did when I was in my thirties ...Interviewer: Huh! For example...Ann: Well, now I'm playing in an orchestra, which I would never've had time to do when the boys were little and, urn, and I, ur, read a lot more thanI did..Interviewer: Do you and your husband go out more?Ann: Ha! We do! We do. We go out to movies, and we go out to dinner, and we hope to be able to travel!Section Two Listening ComprehensionExerciseDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).l.T2. T3. T4. T5.T6. F7. T8.TSocial Security1)Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can weafford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?2)It highlights the coming deficits in a system on which so many Americansdepend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement.3)The Social Security system now covers workers, disabled persons, and thedependents of each, and the system also adjusts benefits for inflationannually.4)In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as thenumber of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.5)Since none of these options is politically palatable, it remains to be seenwhich will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.The Social Security system in the US is a major source of retirement income for many. Thus Social Security is a logical place to start answering the question: Can we afford to continue this trend of retiring ever earlier and living longer?The Social Security Administration projected income and expense for the Social Security fund from 2000 to 2050. The figures for both income-tax revenues and benefits paid out are sobering*. It highlights the coming deficitsin a system on which so many Americans depend for at least a part of their livelihood during retirement.The gap between revenue and expense arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed.The system was established in 1935 and was intended as an insurance policy against a poverty-ridden old age, a not uncommon fate for the elderly during the first decades of the 20th century.The Social Security system has been expanded many times since its inception*. It now covers workers, disabled persons, and the dependents of each. The system also adjusts benefits for inflation annually.In the 1930s, life expectancy in the US was 59.7 years; many people never reached the age of retirement. In 2001, life expectancy was 77.6 years; most people today live for quite a while on Golden Pond*. We're living longer and drawing from the Social Security fund for more years with each passing generation. The declining age of retirement only exacerbates* this trend.In simple terms, if the number of those paying into the fund drops as the number of those drawing from it rises, an imbalance is sure to develop in the future.Barring any restructuring of the system beforehand, Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations.According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through the mid-2030s. At that point, if not sooner, one of two things will need to be done: (1) The Social Security tax rate will need to be increased, or (2) Benefits paid out wij1 need to be reduced. The second solution may involve extending the retirement age to 70 or an even older age. Since none of these options is politically palatable (the elderly have the highest voting rate), it remains to be seen which will be implemented - most likely some combination of the two.Since 3 out of every 10 Americans aged 65 or older depend on Social Security payments for 90% or more of their income (and 3 out of 5 depend on Social Security for 50% or more of their income) we must ask an important question: Are those of us now in our 30s and 40s planning on an alternative or supplemental retirement income?Exercise A Pre-listening QuestionActually, it is a government scheme that provides economic assistance to those people faced with sickness, unemployment, maternity and retirement, etc. In this case, the cost is paid entirely out of taxation. If the cost is met wholly or partly from contributions paid by employers to the state, the scheme is usually called national insurance.Exercise B Sentence DictationDirections: Listen to some sentences and write them down. You will hear each sentence three times.(Refer to Tapescript)Exercise C Detailed ListeningDirections: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.l.B 2.A 3.D 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. BExercise D After-listening DiscussionDirections: Listen to the passage again and discuss the following questions.The gap between revenues and expenses arises because of demographic shifts. The aging of the Baby Boomers and life-extending medical advances combine to create an imbalance in the Social Security system as designed. Social Security expenses will exceed revenues in the year 2015. At that point the system will begin to use reserves to meet its obligations. According to the Social Security Administration estimates, these reserves will carry the system through themid-2030s.2. (Open)Section Three NewsAid to African CountriesUNCTAD*'s press release begins with these words: Doubling the current amount of aid to African countries could end their aid dependence within a decade. The report contends* that massive aid could spur* rapid and sustained economic growth that could yield the domestic savings and foreign investment that would gradually supplant* foreign assistance.One of the report's authors is University of Bologna (Italy) economist Jan Kregel. He says donor* countries have the choice, boost their aid budgets or face chronic humanitarian crises: "The only way that you are going to escape from persistent and repeated cause for emergency and urgent aid transfers to these countries is by making a decision now to increase development assistance and in an amount which is sufficient to place these economies on a self-sustaining growth path."Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about UNCTAD's report that says the best way to revive economic growth in African countries is for donor countries to double their aid to the region.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and answer the following questions.I. Massive aid could spur rapid and sustained economic growth.2)Sustained economic growth could yield the domestic savings and foreigninvestment.3)Yes, the domestic savings and foreign investment would gradually supplantforeign assistance.4)Donor countries have the choice of either boosting their aid budgets or facingchronic humanitarian crises.5)A decision ought to be made now to increase development assistance and in anamount which is sufficient to place these economies on a self-sustaininggrowth path.News Item 2German EconomyGerman Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder has proposed wide-ranging reforms in an effort to overcome his nation's economic crisis. Germany has Europe's biggest economy but has suffered from stagnant* growth, high unemployment, and large deficits.In a speech to parliament, the German leader proposed cuts in unemployment benefits, said he would ease firing rules and also threatened to limit the power of labor unions to establish industry-wide wage contracts.Mr Schroeder proposes shortening the time unemployed workers are entitled to full jobless benefits and he wants to reduce welfare payments. He also proposes allowing small businesses to hire short-term workers, without thesafeguards that make it hard for German companies to fire employees in an economic slowdown. Analysts say the aim is to lower the cost of German labor, which is among the most expensive in the world and contributes to high unemployment.Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the wide-ranging reforms that German Chancellor Gerhard Schroeder has proposed to overcome his nation's economic crisis.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following passage.Mr. Schroeder proposes shortening the time unemployed workers are entitled to full jobless benefits and he wants to reduce welfare payments. He also proposes allowing small businesses to hire short-term workers, without the safeguards that make it hard for German companies to fire employees in an economic slowdown. Analysts say the aim is to lower the cost of German labor, which is among the most expensive in the world and contributes to high unemployment.metI sweN 3Worries About European EnvironmentTwo international agencies are warning that significant improvements made to Europe's environment during the past few years could be lost if economic growth continues to be based on traditional, environmentally damaging activities.The UN Economic Commission* for Europe and the European Environment Agency say much of the continent's environmental improvement is due to measures to limit pollution or as a result of economic restructuring.A report by the European Environment Agency finds greenhouse gas emissions, ozone depleting substances, and heavy metal discharges to water have been reduced in recent years, particularly in Central and Eastern Europe, the Caucasus, and Central Asian states.Agency head Gordon McInnes says while this is good news, these gains could be lost if economic growth does not become more eco-efficient. He says increases in traffic, energy consumption, and soil erosion threaten Europe's environment.Mr. McInnes also says there are growing amounts of waste and hazardous material disposal.A esicrexEDirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about improvements made to the Continent's environment. which could be lost if economic growth does not become more eco-efficient.B esicrexEDirections: Listen to the news again and complete the following memo with the details you grab.A Report by the European Environment Agency1)Name of the agency: The European Environment Agency2)Environmental improvement: Greenhouse gas emissions. ozone depletingsubstances. and heavy metal discharges to water have been reduced.3)Reasons for the improvement: Measures to limit pollution or economicrestructuring4)Potential threats: Increases in traffic, energy consumption. soil erosion,growing amounts of waste and hazardous material disposal Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Feature ReportUS UnemploymentThe number of US workers filing for* unemployment benefits has reached its highest level so far this year. The Labor Department reports that jobless claims went up to 430 thousand for the week ending March first, bringing thefour-week average to its highest level this year as well. Economists had expectedthe claims to go down.As the US economy continues to struggle, people across the country arefeeling the pinch*.The Bush Administration has offered proposals to jumpstart the economy ...Democratic leaders have offered a counter plan. Congress is considering both.But for now, the more than 8 million Americans who are unemployed see littleimprovement on the horizon.Every Friday, as many Atlanta-area residents head to work, a group ofunemployed people get together at a small restaurant north of the city for anetworking and support meeting. Over the past year the crowd has grownsubstantially. Now it often draws more than 150 people. Those in the group comefrom a wide range of economic brackets. Some were making $30,000 a year intheir last jobs. Others, like Holly Fields, were making more than $130,000. Shelost her job as vice president of a software company a year ago:"I have lost my job on several occasions to reductions in force, and thelongest I've gone is 6 months. This has been the worst economy I've ever seen,and the highest demand for specific skill to fill a role."The last company she worked for couldn't stay in business after the,2001 terrorist attacks. And things are particularly difficult in the September 11technology sector, due to the collapse of many dot-com companies. Gary Hulseylost a job doing technical support last November. He hasn't been able to findanything computer-related since then. So he's looking at other areas: "I'm looking at education, possibly teaching where acertificate is notrequired. Various things. And everything seems to be pretty tight."Mr Hulsey is among the many jobseekers willing to work for a fraction of their previous salaries. Even so, they remain unemployed. President Bush has called job growth the chief domestic concern and lawmakers in Congress are weighing plans to improve the economy. But some jobless Americans, like Burt Nagy, feel the government simply isn't doing enough: "I think the focus in Washington is on the war in Iraq, North Korea, foreign policy, certainly not on the internal affairs of the country, the unemployment area."Most state government provide 26 weeks of unemployment benefits for those who have lost their jobs. The weekly checks provide some percentage of what they were making before. Congress passed a plan to extend unemployment benefits for an additional 13 weeks. Benjamin Pittman who has a doctorate degree in human resource development was among those cele brating that move: “I mean it’s not a lot of money; it’s only $1,000 a month. But it’s still $1,000 a month (laugh).You know, it’ll keep me from having to do a lot of other things which I really don’t want to do.”Exercise ADirections: Listen to the news item and complete the summary.This news item is about the depression of US economy and the extension of the unemployment benefits.Exercise BDirections: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). Discuss with yourclassmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1 The number of US workers filing for unemployment benefit has reached itslowest level so far this year.(The number of US workers filing for unemployment benefits has reached its highest level so far this year.)F 2 As economists had expected, jobless claims went down to 430 thousand forthe week ending March.(The Labor Department reports that jobless claims went up to 430 thousand for the week ending March--- economists had expected the claims to godown.)F 3 Both the Bush Administration and Democratic leaders have offeredproposals to jumpstart the economy.(The Bush Administration has offered proposals to jumpstart the economy…Democratic leader have offered a counter plan)F 4 Over 7 million unemployed Americans see little improvement on thehorizon.(…the more than 8 million unemployed Americans see little improvement on the horizon.)T 5 Due to the collapse of many dot-com companies, engineers working in computer-related fields became jobless.( And things are particularly difficult in the technology sectors, due to the collapse of many dot-com companies.) T 6 Many job seekers lower down their salary expectations but still remain jobless.( Mr Hulsey is among the many jobseekers willing to workfor a fraction of their previous salaries. Even so, they remain unemployed.)T 7 People complained that the government focused on the war in Iraq, North Korea, foreign policy rather than the internal affairs of the country.(I think the focus in Washington is on the war in Iraq, North Korea, foreign policy, certainly not on the internal affairs of the country, the unemployment area.)T 8 Congress passed a plan to extend unemployment benefits for an additional 13 weeks.Part 2 PassagesIllegal Gambli gn1. There are now lotteries in 37 states; 28 states have authorized casino gamblingand 43 have pari-mutuel betting.2. Internet gambling, although illegal, goes on under the noses of authorities. The activity seemed to blossom with the rise of the Internet.3. A study, conducted by analysts from NGISC, confirmed that revenues had doubled in a one-year period, from $445.4 million in 1997 to $919.1 million in 1998.4. You risk losing your shirt, of course, the minute you sit down at a blackjack table in Las Vegas, but the large, legal casinos have rules they must enforce.5. On-line betting could usher in a new generation of point-shaving scandals that affected the basketball programs at Northwestern University and Arizona State University.The revenues generated by legal gambling grew to more than $60 billion in 2000. Revenues have increased over 1,000% since 1976. There are now lotteries in 37 states; 28 states haveauthorized casino gambling and 43 have pari-mutuel* betting. According to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission (NGISC), a legal wager* may be placed in every state but Utah*, Tennessee*, and Hawaii *.Internet gambling, although illegal, goes on under the noses of authorities. The activity seemed to blossom with the rise of the Internet. In May of 1998, according to the study, there were approximately 90 on-line casinos, 39 lotteries, 8 bingo* games, and 53 sports books. One year later, there were over 250 on-line。
