剑桥雅思9真题及解析Test1阅读

剑桥雅思真题9Test 1 Task 2考官范文英译汉剑桥雅思真题9test1task2考官范文英译汉1.传统上，孩子们开始学习外语2.thispolicyhasbeenadoptedbysomeeducationalauthoritiesorindividual3.这一明显的论据避免了孩子们的接送languagesmuchmoreeasilythanteenagers.4.他们的大脑被编程来获取他们的母语facilitateslearninganotherlanguage,andunlikeadolescents,theyarenotinhabitedbys elf-consciousness.5.原时刻表的更大灵活性使其更加频繁，shortersessionsandforaplay-centredapproach,thusmaintaininglearners’enthusiasmandprogress.在学习其他语言的同时，接触也会对他们有利。

7.theymayalsogainabetterunderstandingofothercultures.8.然而，也有一些缺点。

9.primaryschoolteachersaregeneralists,andmaynothavethenecessary语言技能是自己的。

10.ifspecialistshavetobebroughtintodeliverthesesessions,theflexibility指的是“未完成”。

11.ifprimarylanguageteachingisnotstandardised,secondaryschoolscould在他们的课堂上，不同语言的水平差异很大，这就产生了课堂经验，而这些经验会让他们获得更早期的收获。

assoonastheychangeschools.13.然而，这些问题可以在政策中策略性地解决adopted.14.任何能从社会文化角度带来语言学习益处的东西andeconomically,andearlyexposuretolanguagelearningcontributestothis.15.幼儿的自然能力应符合这些要求benefitsmoreachievable.。

求雅思剑桥9的test1大作文范文的翻译Childrens education has long been our concern since Plato once uttered, "Educationis where a country should start at." However, it is still a controversial issue after all these years among people who are particularly concerned about it. Some people believe that it is parents responsibility to cultivate their kids to be fully aware of what a social being should look like; others, whereas, argue that schools should take over this for the ultimate goal. In this essay, I would put this issue in question and further analyse both sides before presenting my personal perspective.雅思阅读九分达人test1第一篇的答案有没有人知道呀？？？求急用,谢剑桥雅思真题集3、4、5、6、7、8，其中剑6是相对比较难；剑桥雅思真题集3、4、5、7、8，可以用来做练习了解题型，剑6是相对比较难，可以用来做雅思模考；《不可不知——雅思口语》本书着重点评了一些雅思口语考试的典型回答案例，通过具体的剖析，向广大考生展现了一个真实的雅思口语考试环境和透彻的准备思路。

书中包括案例分析、场景词汇提点、回答技巧解析和真题汇总几大方面，极大地方便了考生的备考。

Writing Task 1The two maps below show an island, before the construction of some tourist facilities. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevantWrite at least 150 wordsPassage 1Official Book Recommend --AKey Points:本文是雅思7分作文，考官评价说关于住宿的内容不足，组合描述不够详细，语法准确，句式多样，有部分错误但不影响理解。

各位烤鸭注意辨别咯。

The two maps show the same island while first one is before and the second one is after the construction for tourism.Looking first at the one before construction, we can see a huge island with a beach in the west.The total length of the island is approximately 250 meters.Moving on to the second map, we can see that there are lots of building on the island. There are two areas of accommodation. One is in the west near the beach while the other one is in the center of the island. Between them, there is a restaurant in the north and a central reception block, which is surrounded by a vehicle track. This track also goes down to the pier where can go sailing in the south sea of the island. Furthermore, tourists can swim near the beach in the west. A footpath connecting the west accommodation units also leads to the beach.Overall, comparing the two maps, there are significant changes after this development. Not only lots of facilities are built on the island, but also the sea is used for activities. The new island has become a good place for tourism.New Channel Recommend--BKey Points: No.1-No.7Attention: 建议用“过去时”和“现在完成时”The Two maps illustrate an island before and after various facilities for tourists were constructed there.Before, this island simply had some trees and a beach at its western end. Now, the trees and beach are still there, but other things have been added to the island. On the southern side of the island, a pier has been built for bouts. A vehicle track leads north from the pier to a reception. The track goes around the reception and then further on to a restaurant on the north side of the island. To the east and west of the reception, accommodation has been built. There are six huts to the west nine to the east. These two groups have been constructed around two circular footpaths with a short footpath leading to each hut. In the west, there is another footpath from the huts to the beach, where swimming is available.(151 words)R’s opinion of these two passages: 和考生的作文相比，新航道的文章更加有逻辑有条理，简单有序，同时句式变换也不输于考生。

雅思9分达人真题答案解析雅思考试是很多学生梦寐以求的机会，拿到雅思9分的成绩更是一种荣耀。

为了帮助大家更好地备考雅思，今天我将为大家解析一道雅思9分的阅读真题并提供答案分析。

本次真题的主题是环境保护，文章主要介绍了植被对砂漠化的防治作用。

透过这道题目，我们可以探讨植被的重要性以及环境保护的紧迫性。

首先，文章介绍了植被在砂漠化防治中的作用。

植物不仅能够减缓水土流失，还能够保护土壤，减少盐碱地面积。

这一点对于砂漠化地区来说尤为重要，因为砂漠化会导致土壤质量下降，无法维持作物的生长。

通过种植不同种类的植物，可以改善土壤的质量，提供适宜的生长环境。

接着，文章提到植被可以改善气候环境。

植物可以吸收二氧化碳，减少温室气体的排放，从而减缓全球变暖的速度。

此外，植物还能够调节湿度和温度，形成微小的风景带，降低风速，减少水分蒸发，从而保护水资源的利用。

然后，文章探讨了植被对生物多样性的重要性。

植被提供了丰富的栖息地和食物来源，为各种动物提供了生存条件。

在一个生物多样性丰富的生态系统中，物种之间形成了复杂而有机的关系，维持着生态平衡。

而当植被被破坏或者减少时，将会导致物种数量减少，生态系统失去平衡，影响我们生活的各个方面。

接下来，文章分析了植被对人类的重要性。

植物是人类生活中不可或缺的一部分。

它们为我们提供食物、药物和工业原料。

在某些地区，居民靠种植植物为生，从中获取收入和就业机会。

因此，保护植被也就是保护我们自己的生活方式和利益。

最后，文章呼吁人们加强环境保护意识，采取有效的措施防止砂漠化。

在采取措施的同时，应该注重可持续发展，寻找更为环保和经济效益的解决方案。

只有通过全球合作和共同努力，我们才能真正解决环境问题，保护我们的地球家园。

通过对这篇雅思9分达人真题的解析，我们可以看到环境保护的重要性以及植被在其中的作用。

希望大家能够重视环境问题，保护我们的地球，共同创造一个更加美好的未来。

文章长度：590字。

剑桥雅思阅读9(test1)原文答案解析雅思阅读部分的真题资料，同学们需要进行一些细致的总结，比如说解析其实就是很重要的内容，接下来就是店铺给同学们带来的关于剑桥雅思阅读9原文解析(test1)的内容，一起来详细的分析一下吧，希望对你们的备考有所帮助。

剑桥雅思阅读9原文(test1)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.William Henry PerkinThe man who invented synthetic dyesWilliam Henry Perkin was born on March 12, 1838, in London, England. As a boy, Perkin’s curiosity prompted early intere sts in the arts, sciences, photography, and engineering. But it was a chance stumbling upon a run-down, yet functional, laboratory in his late grandfather’s home that solidified the young man’s enthusiasm for chemistry.As a student at the City of London School, Perkin became immersed in the study of chemistry. His talent and devotion to the subject were perceived by his teacher, Thomas Hall, who encouraged him to attend a series of lectures given by the eminent scientist Michael Faraday at the Royal Institution. Those speeches fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further, and he later went on to attend the Royal College of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15.At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years, he becameHofmann’s youngest assistant. Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune.At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America, and by 1856 demand for the drug was surpassing the available supply. Thus, when Hofmann made some passing comments about the desirability of a synthetic substitute for quinine, it was unsurprising that his star pupil was moved to take up the challenge.During his vacation in 1856, Perkin spent his time in the laboratory on th e top floor of his family’s house. He was attempting to manufacture quinine from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product. Despite his best efforts, however, he did not end up with quinine. Instead, he produced a mysterious dark sludge. Luckily, Perkin’s scientific training and nature prompted him to investigate the substance further. Incorporating potassium dichromate and alcohol into the aniline at various stages of the experimental process, he finally produced a deep purple solution. And, proving the truth of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur’s words ‘chance favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw the potential of his unexpected find.Historically, textile dyes were made from such natural sources as plants and animal excretions. Some of these, such as the glandular mucus of snails, were difficult to obtain and outrageously expensive. Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was once so costly in society at the time only the rich could afford it. Further, natural dyes tended to be muddy in hue and fade quickly. It was against this backdrop that Perkin’sdiscovery was made.Perkin quickly grasped that his purple solution could be used to colour fabric, thus making it the world’s first synthetic dye. Realising the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in patenting it. But perhaps the most fascinating of all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new dye had commercial possibilities.Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve (from the French for the plant used to make the colour violet). He asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar, who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained fast (i.e. would not fade) and the cost was relatively low. So, over the fierce objections of his mentor Hofmann, he left college to give birth to the modern chemical industry.With the help of his father and brother, Perkin set up a factory not far from London. Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited byproduct of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the Empress Eugenie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon, mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country. Not to be outdone, England’s Queen Victoria also appeared in public wearing a mauve gown, thus making it all the rage in England as well. The dye was bold and fast, and the public clamoured for more. Perkin went back to the drawing board.Although Perkin’s fame was achieved and fortune assured by his first discovery, the chemist continued his research. Among other dyes he developed and introduced were aniline red (1859)and aniline black (1863) and, in the late 1860s, Perkin’s green. It is important to note that Perkin’s synthetic dye discoveries had outcomes far beyond the merely decorative. The dyes also became vital to medical research in many ways. For instance, they were used to stain previously invisible microbes and bacteria, allowing researchers to identify such bacilli as tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. Artificial dyes continue to play a crucial role today. And, in what would have been particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the search for a vaccine against malaria.Questions 1-7Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this1 Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.2 Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.3 Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant.4 Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous.5 The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.6 Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.7 Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.Questions 8-13Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.8 Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?9 What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?10 What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?11 What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?12 In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?13 According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes?READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 on the following pages.Questions 14-17Reading Passage 2 has five paragraphs, A-E.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsii Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisations iii Vast distances to Earth’s closest neighboursiv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencev Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligencevi Knowledge of extra-terrestrial life formsvii Likelihood of life on other planetsExample AnswerParagraph A v14 Paragraph B15 Paragraph C16 Paragraph D17 Paragraph EIS THERE ANYBODY OUT THERE?The Search for Extra-terrestrial IntelligenceThe question of whether we are alone in the Universe has haunted humanity for centuries, but we may now stand poised on the brink of the answer to that question, as we search for radio signals from other intelligent civilisations. This search, often known by the acronym SETI (search for extra-terrestrial intelligence), is a difficult one. Although groups around the world have been searching intermittently for three decades, it is only now that we have reached the level of technology where we can make a determined attempt to search all nearby stars for any sign of life.AThe primary reason for the search is basic curiosity hethe same curiosity about the natural world that drives all pure science. We want to know whether we are alone in the Universe. We want to know whether life evolves naturally if given the right conditions, or whether there is something very special about the Earth to have fostered the variety of life forms that, we seearound us on the planet. The simple detection of a radio signal will be sufficient to answer this most basic of all questions. In this sense, SETI is another cog in the machinery of pure science which is continually pushing out the horizon of our knowledge. However, there are other reasons for being interested in whether life exists elsewhere. For example, we have had civilisation on Earth for perhaps only a few thousand years, and the threats of nuclear war and pollution over the last few decades have told us that our survival may be tenuous. Will we last another two thousand years or will we wipe ourselves out? Since the lifetime of a planet like ours is several billion years, we can expect that, if other civilisations do survive in our galaxy, their ages will range from zero to several billion years. Thus any other civilisation that we hear from is likely to be far older, on average, than ourselves. The mere existence of such a civilisation will tell us that long-term survival is possible, and gives us some cause for optimism. It is even possible that the older civilisation may pass on the benefits of their experience in dealing with threats to survival such as nuclear war and global pollution, and other threats that we haven’t yet discovered.BIn discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules. First, UFOs (Unidentified Flying Objects) are generally ignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration (although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form,quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our Sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.CEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life forms is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, how many stars have planets, and we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy (the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconceivable that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life, leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.DAn alien civilistation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power, radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz travel the greatest distance, and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking forradio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct, a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescopes, the American-operated telescope in Arecibo, Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000 likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency rang 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all of space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.EThere is considerable debate over how we should react if we detect a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distances at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signal toreach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important, then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the human race debates the question of whether to reply, and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.Questions 18-20Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 18-20 on your answer sheet.18 What is the life expectancy of Earth?19 What kind of signals from other intelligent civilisations are SETI scientists searching for?20 How many stars are the world’s most powerful radio telescopes searching?Questions 21-26Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 21-26 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this21 Alien civilisations may be able to help the human race to overcome serious problems.22 SETI scientists are trying to find a life form that resembles humans in many ways.23 The Americans and Australians have co-operated on joint research projects.24 So far SETI scientists have picked up radio signals from several stars.25 The NASA project attracted criticism from some members of Congress.26 If a signal from outer space is received, it will be important to respond promptly.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The history of the tortoiseIf you go back far enough, everything lived in the sea. At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular fluids. In addition to the reptiles, birds, mammals and insects which we see all around us, other groups that have succeeded out of water include scorpions, snails, crustaceans such as woodlice and land crabs, millipedes and centipedes, spiders and various worms. And we mustn’t forget the pla nts, without whose prior invasion of the land none of the other migrations could have happened.Moving from water to land involved a major redesign of every aspect of life, including breathing and reproduction. Nevertheless, a good number of thorough going land animals later turned around, abandoned their hard-earned terrestrial re-tooling, and returned to the water again. Seals have only gone part way back. They show us what the intermediates might have been like, on the way to extreme cases such as whales and dugongs. Whales (including the small whales we call dolphins) and dugongs, with their close cousins the manatees, ceased to be land creatures altogether and reverted to the full marine habits of their remote ancestors. They don’t even come ashoreto breed. They do, however, still breathe air, having never developed anything equivalent to the gills of their earlier marine incarnation. Turtles went back to the sea a very long time ago and, like all vertebrate returnees to the water, they breathe air. However, they are, in one respect, less fully given back to the water than whales or dugongs, for turtles still lay their eggs on beaches.There is evidence that all modern turtles are descended from a terrestrial ancestor which lived before most of the dinosaurs. There are two key fossils called Proganochelys quenstedti and Plaeochersis talampayensis dating from early dinosaur times, which appear to be close to the ancestry of all modern turtles and tortoises. You might wonder how we can tell whether fossil animals lived on land or in water, especially if only fragments are found. Sometimes it’s obvious. Ichthyosaurs were reptilian contemporaries of the dinosaurs, with fins and streamlined bodies. The fossils look like dolphins and they surely lived like dolphins, in the water. With turtles it is a little less obvious. One way to tell is by measuring the bones of their forelimbs.Walter Joyce and Jacques Gauthier, at Yale University, obtained three measurements in these particular bones of 71 species of living turtles and tortoises. They used a kind of triangular graph paper to plot the three measurements against one another. All the land tortoise species formed a tight cluster of points in the upper part of the triangle; all the water turtles cluster in the lower part of the triangular graph. There was no overlap, except when they added some species that spend time both in water and on land. Sure enough, these amphibious species show up on the triangular graph approximately half way between the ‘wet cluster’ of sea turtles and the ‘dry cluster’of land tortoises. The next step was to determine where the fossils fell. The bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis leave us in no doubt. Their points on the graph are right in the thick of the dry cluster. Both these fossils were dry-land tortoises. They come from the era before our turtles returned to the water.You might think, therefore, that modern land tortoises have probably stayed on land ever since those early terrestrial times, as most mammals did after a few of them went back to the sea. But apparently not. If you draw out the family three of all modern turtles and tortoises, nearly all the branches are aquatic. Today’s land tortoises constitute a single branch, deeply nested among branches consisting of aquatic turtles. This suggests that modern land tortoises have not stayed on land continuously since the time of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis. Rather, their ancestors were among those who went back to the water, and they then reemerged back onto the land in (relatively) more recent times.Tortoises therefore represent a remarkable double return. In common with all mammals, reptiles and birds, their remote ancestors were marine fish and before that various more or less worm-like creatures stretching back, still in the sea, to the primeval bacteria. Later ancestors lived on land and stayed there for a very large number of generations. Later ancestors still evolved back into the water and became sea turtles. And finally they returned yet again to the land as tortoises, some of which now live in the driest of deserts.Questions 27-30Answer the questions below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.27 What had to transfer from sea to land before any animals could migrate?28 Which TWO processes are mentioned as those in which animals had to make big changes as they moved onto lands?29 Which physical feature, possessed by their ancestors, do whales lack?30 which animals might ichthyosaurs have resembled?Questions 31-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 31-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this31 Turtles were among the first group of animals to migrate back to the sea.32 It is always difficult to determine where an animal lived when its fossilised remains are incomplete.33 The habitat of ichthyosaurs can be determined by the appearance of their fossilised remains.Questions 34-39Complete the flow-chart below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-39 on your answer sheet.Method of determining where the ancestors of turtles and tortoises come fromStep 171 species of living turtles and tortoises were examined anda total of 34 ……………………. were taken from the bones of theirforelimbs.Step 2The data was recorded on a 35 ……………….. (necessary for comparing the information).Outcome: Land tortoises were represented by a dense 36 …………………………… of points towards the top.Sea turtles were grouped together in the bottom part.Step 3The same data was collected from some living 37 ………………. species and added to the other results.Outcome: The points for these species turned out to be positioned about 38 ……………… up the triangle between the land tortoises and the sea turtles.Step 4Bones of P. quenstedti and P. talampayensis were examined in a similar way and the results added.Outcome: The position of the points indicated that both these ancient creatures were 39…………..Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.According to the writer, the most significant thing about tortoises is thatA they are able to adapt to life in extremely dry environments.B their original life form was a kind of primeval bacteria.C they have so much in common with sea turtles.D they have made the transition from sea to land more than once.剑桥雅思阅读9原文参考译文(test1)PASSAGE 1参考译文：William Henry Perkin 合成染料的发明者Wiliam Henry Perkin于1838年3月12日出生于英国伦敦。

剑9test1passage2Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsAppropriate responses to signals from other civilisationsVast distances to Earth’s closest neighboursAssumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrlal intelligence Reasons for the search for extra-terrestrlal intelligenceKnowledge of extra-terrestrlal life formsLikelihood of lives on other planetsExample AnswerParagraph A v14 15 16 17In discussing whether we are alone, most SETI scientists adopt two ground rules.First, UFOs(unidentified Flying Obejects) are generallyignored since most scientists don’t consider the evidence for them to be strong enough to bear serious consideration(although it is also important to keep an open mind in case any really convincing evidence emerges in the future). Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us,since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. In other words, the life form we are looking for may well have two green heads and seven fingers, but it will nevertheless resemble us in that it should communicate with its fellows, be interested in the Universe, live on a planet orbiting a star like our sun, and perhaps most restrictively, have a chemistry, like us, based on carbon and water.Iv Assumptions underlying the search for extra-terrestrlal intelligenceEven when we make these assumptions, our understanding of other life form is still severely limited. We do not even know, for example, howmany stars have planets, ans we certainly do not know how likely it is that life will arise naturally, given the right conditions. However, when we look at the 100 billion stars in our galaxy(the Milky Way), and 100 billion galaxies in the observable Universe, it seems inconvincible that at least one of these planets does not have a life form on it; in fact, the best educated guess we can make, using the little that we do know about the conditions for carbon-based life,leads us to estimate that perhaps one in 100,000 stars might have a life-bearing planet orbiting it. That means that our nearest neighbours are perhaps 100 light years away, which is almost next door in astronomical terms.Likelihood of lives on other planetsAn alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy, but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severelyattenuated while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy. It turns out that, for a given amount of transmitted power,radio waves in the frequency range 1000 to 3000MHz travel the greatest distance,and so all searches to date have concentrated on looking for radio waves in this frequency range. So far there have been a number of searches by various groups around the world, including Australian searches using the radio telescope at Parkes, New South Wales. Until now there have not been any detections from the few hundred stars which have been searched. The scale of the searches has been increased dramatically since 1992, when the US Congress voted NASA $10 million per year for ten years to conduct a thorough search for extra-terrestrial life. Much of the money in this project is being spent on developing the special hardware needed to search many frequencies at once. The project has two parts. One part is a targeted search using the world’s largest radio telescope,the American-operated telescope in Arecibo,Puerto Rico and the French telescope in Nancy in France. This part of the project is searching the nearest 1000likely stars with high sensitivity for signals in the frequency range 1000 to 3000 MHz. The other part of the project is an undirected search which is monitoring all the space with a lower sensitivity, using the smaller antennas of NASA’s Deep Space Network.Seeking the transmission of radio signals from planetsThere is considerable debate over how we should react if we detact a signal from an alien civilisation. Everybody agrees that we should not reply immediately. Quite apart from the impracticality of sending a reply over such large distance at short notice, it raises a host of ethical questions that would have to be addressed by the global community before any reply could be sent. Would the human race face the culture shock if faced with a superior and much older civilisation? Luckily, there is no urgency about this. The stars being searched are hundreds of light years away, so it takes hundreds of years for their signals to reach us, and a further few hundred years for our reply to reach them. It’s not important,then, if there’s a delay of a few years, or decades, while the huamn race debates the question of whether to reply,and perhaps carefully drafts a reply.Appropriate responses to signals from other civilisationsTest4 passage 3Commercial pressures on people in charge Mixed views on current changes to museums Interpreting the facts to meet visitor expections The international dimensionCollections of factual evidenceFewer differences between public attractions Current reviews and suggestionsRecently, however,attitudes towards history and the way it should be presented have alteres. The key word in heritage display is now ‘experience’, the more exciting the better and, if possible, involving all the senses. Good examples of this approach in the UK are the Jorvik Centre in Yolk; the National Museum of Photography,Film and Television in Bradford; and the Imperial War Museum in London. In the US the trend emerged much earlier: Williamsburg has been a prototype for many heritage developments in other parts of the world. No one can predict where the process will end. On so-called heritage sites the re-enactment of historical events is increasingly popular, and computer will soon provide virtual reality experiences, which will present visitors with vivid image of the period of their choice,in which they themselves can act as if part of the historical environment. Such developments have been criticised as an intolerable vulgarisation, but the success of many historical theme parks and similar locations suggests that the majority ofthe public does not share this opinion.Mixed views on current changes to museumsIn a related development, the sharp distinction between museum and heritage sites on the one hand, and theme parks on the other, is gradually evaporating. They already borrow ideas and concepts from one another. For example,museums have adopted story lines foe exhibitions,sites have accepted ‘theming’ as a relevant tool, and theme parks are moving towards more authenticity and research-based presentations. In zoos, animals are no longer kept in cages, but in great spaces, either in the open air or in enormous greenhouses,such as the jungle and desert environments in Burgers’Zoo in Holland. This particular trend is regarded as one of the major developments in the presentation of natural history in the twentieth century.Fewer differences between public attractionsTheme parks are undergoing other changes, too, as they try to present more serious social and cultural issues, and move away from fantasy. This development is a response to market forces and, although museums and heritage sites have a special, rather distinct,role to fullfill,they also operating in a very competitive environment, where visitors make choices on how and where to spend their free time. Heritage and museum experts do not have to invent stories and recreate historical enviroments to attract their visitors; their assets are already in place. However,exhibits must be both based on artefacts and facts as we know them,and attractively presented. Those who are professionally engaged in the art of interpreting history are thus in a difficult position,as they must steer a narrow course between the demands of ‘evidence’and ‘attractiveness’, especially given the increasing need in the heritage industry for income-generating activities.iIt could be claimed that in order to make everything in heritage more ‘real’’historical accuracy must be increasingly altered. For example,Pithecanthropus erectus is depicted in an Indonesian museumwith Malay facial features, because this corresponds to the public perceptions. Similarily, in the Museum of Natural History in Washington, Neanderthal man is shown making a dominant gesture to his wife. Such presentations tell us more about contemporary perceptions of the world than about our ancestors. There is one compensation,however, for the professionals who make these interpretations: if they did not provide the interpretation,visitors would do it for themselves,based on their own ideas,misconceptions and prejudices. And no matter how exciting the result, it would contain a lot more bias than the presentations provided by experts.iii。

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思阅读9TEST 1 PASSAGE 2译文,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Passage2答案解析；需要延伸阅读本单元其他译文的同学，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Pessage1译文-合成染料的发明者。

TEST 1 PASSAGE 2 参考译文：外星有生命存在吗?——搜寻外星文明计划人类是否是宇宙中唯一存在的生命这个问题已经困扰我们几百年了，然而随着搜索来自其他智慧文明的无线电信号，现在我们或许离这个问题的答案已经不远了。

这项也被称为SETI (search for extra?terrestrial intelligence, 搜寻外星文明)的计划进行起来非常困难。

虽然世界各地的团体已经断断续续地搜寻了三十多年，然而直到现在，我们所达到的技术水平才允许我们下定决心去尝试搜寻附近所有附近星球上的任何生命迹象。

A 人类之所以搜索无线电信号，主要是出于一种基本的好奇心，正是这种对大自然的好奇心推动了所有纯科学的发展。

我们想知道人类是否是宇宙中唯一存在的生命。

我们想知道在适宜的条件下，生命是否会自然形成。

我们还想知道地球上是否存在某种特殊的物质，孕育了那些我们司空见惯的各种形式的生命体。

只需监测一下无线电信号，这些最根本的问题就能够得到充分解答。

从这种意义上来说，SETI 是纯科学系统发展的又一个重要推动力，而纯科学正不断拓宽着人类的知识范围。

然而，人类之所以对其他地方是否存在生命这件事感兴趣，还有其他原因。

比如，我们地球上的文明历史只有寥寥数千年，而过去几十年的核战争与污染的威胁告诉人类，我们的生命也许很脆弱。

我们还能再延续两千年吗?还是将自我灭绝呢?既然像地球这样的星球拥有数十亿年的寿命，我们可以猜想，如果银河系中确实还有其他文明存在，那么它们的历史可能从零到数十亿年不等。

因此，如果我们收到其他文明的信号，那它们的平均历史很有可能比人类历史长得多。

雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思阅读9TEST 1 PASSAGE 3译文,相应的解析，请点击：剑桥雅思9Test1阅读Passage3答案解析。

TEST 1 PASSAGE 3 参考译文：乌龟的进化史如果追溯到远古时代，那时一切生物都生活在水里。

在进化史的不同时期，各个动物种群中都有一些胆大的开始向陆地迁徙，有的甚至跑到了非常干旱的沙漠里，这些生物的血液与细胞液里还储存着曾经所生活海域里的海水。

除了我们周围随处可见的爬行动物、鸟类、哺乳动物和昆虫以外，其他成功登陆的生物还包括蝎子、蜗牛和潮虫、陆蟹、千足虫、蜈蚣等甲壳类动物，还有蜘蛛及各种虫子。

当然还有植物，如杲没有它们率先登陆，其他任何生物都不可能在陆地上生存。

从水里转移到陆地上使这些生物在方方面面都发生了巨大变化，包括呼吸和繁殖方式。

然而，一大批动物彻底在陆地上安家后，却忽然回心转意，放弃了来之不易的陆上新生活，又重新回到了水中。

海豹只恢复了部分水中生活的特征，向我们展示了演变过程中半成品的模样，而成品则是如鲸鱼和儒艮这样纯粹的海洋生物。

鲸鱼(包括我们称作海豚的小鲸鱼)和儒艮，与它们的同类动物海牛一样不再是陆地动物，而是完全恢复了与老祖先一样的海洋生活习惯，它们甚至都不上岸繁殖。

它们虽然仍呼吸空气，却没有进化出类似于鳃这样的早期海洋生物的器官。

海龟在很早以前就回到了水中，和其他返回水中的脊椎动物一样，它们也需要呼吸空气，但是却没有像鲸鱼和儒艮那样完全返回水中，这体现在一个方面——海龟仍然在海滩上产卵。

有证据表明，所有现代海龟的祖先都曾经生活在陆地上，比大多数恐龙在陆地上出现的时间还要早。

有两种可以追溯到恐龙时代早期的重要化石，分别是Proganochelys quenstedti (原颚龟化石)和 Potoeocfeersis tatompayewsis(古老的陆地龟化石)，它们与所有现代海龟和乌龟的祖先最为接近。

你可能会问，我们是如何通过动物化石来判断它们是生活在水中还是陆地上的，尤其当我们只找到一些化石碎片的时候。

Part11.What games are popular in your country? [Why?]It varies. For our young generation, there is only one name for games that we are crazy about, which is the computer games, either single-user version or concurrent version. For the eider generation, like my grandpa, they have a lot of folk games to play, such as shuttlecock, diabolo and jumping rope. As for the reason why such kind of situation appears, personally I think it has much to do with the changes of times and technology.2.Do you play any games?[Why/Why not?]Before I give you my answer, I have to remind you that I'm a super game player. Of course I play games and played a great number of diversified ones. When I moved on the dancing blanket, I enjoyed the feeling of dancing to the music; When 1 played the Megga Jump, I couldn't help overcoming all the obstacles to win success. All these games not only help me relax but also benefit me with the ambition to succeed.3.Flow do people learn to play games in your country?Traditional games were quite simple and easy to learn. With the development of society, one huge difference nowadays is that we are obsessed with high-tech computer games. Referring to how to learn it, it's pretty convenient to find breakthrough on the Internet for player. They are experts of Counter-Strike and War Craft without devoting too much time to learning the game skills.4.Do you think it's important for people to play games? [Why/Why not?]Absolutely, games are of utmost importance for people. We can benefit both physically and mentally. Taking part in some outdoor games can enhance our body flexibility. And more importantly, We can make acquaintances with people whom we meet during the games which can in turn bring us happiness.Part2题目：Do people in your country enjoy going to open-air markets? Which type of market is more popular? Why? What do you think are the advantages of buying things from shops rather than markets?范文：Speaking of a market， I want to talk about my favorite open-air market. It's situated in the eastern part of my hometown.It's pretty huge. Its history goes back all the way to fifty years ago and it's quite famous in my hometown. Actually， everyone living in that city can tell you something about this market. The market is made up of many parts， like the food section， the toy section and the clothing section. A great number of people go there almost every day. Some of them buy things and some others just look around. Also， lots of people out of town visit this market. They heard a lot about it and hope to get some exciting shopping experiences. This market never let them down. You know there are tons of stuff and everyone can find the thing he or she wishes. Some others just enjoy chatting and bargaining therePart3话题一shopping at markets1、Do people in your country enjoy going to open-air markets that sell things like rood or clothes or old objects? Which type of market is more popular? Why?Well … umm … in our country, it is uncommon to find various open-air markets that are regularly seen in western countries. Moreover, since four seasons are clearly distinct in most of the cities: extremely hot in summer while freezing cold in winter, the fact is that people don't like shopping in an open-air market under such kind of climate, therefore, majority people prefer to shop malls and supermarkets.2、Do you think markets are more suitable places for selling certain types of things? which ones? why do you think this is?I think it is a mixed considering. Some products are more suitable for selling at markets, food and toys. And we can't deny the fact that some electrical cargos like television or cell phones sold at street markets are more likely to be counterfeit. That's exactly the reason why so many people tend to buy things like electrical items from the supermarket or shopping mall.3、Do you think young people feel the same about shopping at markets as older people? Why is that?Well, first I have to say that there are many differences. The elderly people are more likely to shop at the open-air markets. They are passionate about buying stuff on sale or bargaining with street vendors for lower prices; while, young people prefer to shop at shopping mall. As for the reason, I guess it is a natural result of the fact that they were born and grew up in different times. Elderly people and young guys have totally different moral values. Consequently,it is quite understandable.话题二Shopping in general1、 What do you think are the advantages of buying things from shops rather than markets?Although they seem quite similar, they do share some differences. The initial advantage to buy things from shops is that if it is faulty, then it is possible to return and get your money back. Subsequently, buying from a trustworthy shop means the goods will be more reliable than the ones you buy from a street market.2、How does advertising influence what people choose to buy? Is this true for everyoneThere are kinds of advertising in modern society. Undoubtedly, promotional advertisements contain fancy art elements that attract people to keep their eye on them. I think these are fairly influential to enable people to think about the advertised products. However, not all forms of advertisements can work out. As for me, I will be less likely to consider a product if the advertisements always appear in my spam or messages for its annoying.3、Do you think that any recent changes in the way people live have affected general shopping habits? Why is this?I suppose the answer is yes. In modern society, there is growing trend towards shopping on line with the busy lifestyle. Therefore, e-commerce has been around for a certain time and it is gradually breaking into traditional markets. Many large actual stores have closed down due to the competition of high street shopper. Instead, more and more people find it cheaper and convenient to purchase on line.。

剑桥雅思9 Speaking Test1 参考答案答案编辑者：上海环球雅思口语名师：李宁（英国剑桥国际考试委员会IGCSE & A Level口语考官）微博：环球雅思李宁Part 1Examiner asks the candidates about him/herself .his /her home ,work or study similar topicsGamesWhat games are popular in your country ?[Why ?]Many games are popular in England, especially sports. Football, in particular, is extremely popular to watch. Every weekend, thousands, or maybe even millions, of people will go to their local football club to watch their local team. Similarly rugby, cricket, and tennis are also very popular participation sports.However, there has been a decline in the number of people actually taking parts in sports, which is a concern for the nations health.Do you play any games ?[Why /Why not ?]Yes, I play a lot of games. My favourite sports are cycling and tennis. When I was growing up, I played tennis for my local tennis club and my university. I also enjoy cycling, as I feel it is a great way to enjoy the great outdoors!I also enjoy playing card games and board games, such as Poker and Settlers of Catan. Its a great way to relax and unwind, and socialise with friends.How do people learn to play games in you country ?Most people learn to play games in school. But there are many sports and games clubs for people to join if they want to play more. I come from a very small town, yet there are lots of football, tennis, golf, rugby and water sports clubs to join. Even the local pubs have football teams! Most people also see sports clubs as a great way to socialise and make friends.Do you think it’s important for people to play games ? [Why /Why not ?]Yes, I think its very important for people to play games. It is a fantastic way to stay stay active, but most importantly its a fun and healthy way to meet friends and have a good time!Part 2Desribe an open-air or street market which you enjoyed visiting .You should say :Where the market isWhat the market sellsHow big the market isAnd explain why you enjoyed visiting this market .When I lived in Uganda, I saw some of the most amazing open-air markets selling a variety of things! Most often, the markets would sell meats, fruits and vegetables. The hustle and bustle of the market is something I will never forget. In every direction there were people haggling and bartering prices, chickens squorking about your feet eating bits of food that were left on the ground, and vendors yelling to the crowd to try and sell their products. The air was full of the smell of herbs and spices (except in the meat section, which sometimes smelled a little rotten...) and the colours of all the fruits and vegetables was incredible.I found the other parts of the market even more intriguing, especially where they sold fabrics! Some of the patterns of the garments, and the amount of detail and effort that had clearly gone into the weaving, was very impressive.It truly was an incredible experience that I will never forget.Part 3Discussion topics:Shopping at marketsDo people in your country enjoy going to open-air markets that sell things like food or clothesor old objects ?Which type of market is more popular ?Why ?In my country, open-air markets are becoming less common. England, unfortunately, has rather unpredictable weather. Even in the summer time it is not unusual for the skies to turn black and the heavens to open! Its a fact of life that people don't like shopping in the rain, so most people tend to stick to shopping malls and supermarkets.However, in the summer time, it isn't uncommon to see the odd garden sale or 'car boot' sale.Do you think markets are more suitable places for selling certain types of things ? Which one? Why do you think this is ?Certain products are more traditionally sold at markets, such as fruits and vegetables. Subsequently, when other products are sold at street markets, such as electrical goods like televisions or mobile phones, these are more likely to be illegal goods that may be either stolen or counterfeit. For this reason, most people in England tend to buy things like electrical items from their local, trusted supermarket!Do you think young people feel the same about shopping at markets as older people? Why is that?I think opinions are starting to converge, but, at least in my home town, old people tend to prefer to shop at markets, whereas young people tend to prefer shopping at supermarkets and shopping centres. Maybe this is because older people enjoy the social aspect of markets, whereas younger people, who are often in too much of a rush, prefer the convenience of the supermarket. Or maybe its because older people enjoy haggling and bartering the price at the street market, whereas supermarkets have a set price.Shopping in generalWhat do you think are the advantages of buying things from shops rather than markets ?The main advantage to buying things from the shop is that if it is faulty, then you can usually return the item and get your money. Also, buying from a respectable shop usually means the product will be more reliable than if you buy from a street market.How does advertising influence what people choose to buy ?Is this true for everyone?There are many different types of advertising. Firstly, promotional advertisements such as TV ads and newspaper ads seek to raise awareness about the product. I think these are fairly influential, as you see them everywhere you go, and subconsciously you will be thinking about it.Other forms of advertisements, such as internet pop-ups and spam email, I do not think are as effective. If anything, they are detrimental to the company's image. I, for one, will be less likely to buy a product if I receive spam emails or pop-ups, as they are so annoying!Do you think that any recent changes in the way people live have affected general shopping habits ? Why is this ?Yes, the biggest change to shopping habits is that many people now choose to buy online. In the UK, many large retail stores have closed down due to a decline in the number of high street shoppers. Instead, many people find it cheaper and more convenient to buy online, and as a result, many big companies have had to change the way they do business, focusing more on online sales than high street sales.。