2020年高考英语之高频考点解密十六 阅读理解之主旨大意题附解析

2020高考英语阅读理解技巧篇之主旨大意技巧段落主旨题和文章主旨题题型特点考查形式有：●文章的主要内容●中心思想●段落大意●标题常见命题方式1. The main idea/key point of this passage is that __________.2. The passage is mainly about __________.3. The best title/headline for this passage is _______.4. The topic/subject discussed in this passage is __________.5. The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with __________.6. Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?解题思路●根据文章体裁，把握文章逻辑，锁定阅读重心，找到主题句；●深入理解主题句，对比选项（主题句的重现，句意复述或推论）；●若无明显主题句，则需用略读法，串联段落大意判断文章主旨，或理解段落的各个句子，归纳段落大意；●排查选项时可用逆向推理法。

题一：>>A<<1. Every month we look at a different artist. We think Haroshi is super cool—he makes sculptures (雕塑) from skateboards.2. Haroshi is in his late 30s. He’s a skateboarder but he also makes things from wood. He began skateboarding when he was 15 years old and he loved it. He used to skate every day. Now, if you know anything about skateboarding, you’ll know that skateboards don’t last forever because they break. But Haroshi didn’t throw his out because he was fond of them. Over time he built up a big collection and at the same time he learnt about all the different types of skateboard. Surprisingly, not all skateboards are of the same shape and actually they are often built in different ways. By the time he was 25, he had an enormous collection of old skateboards.3. He decided he had to do something with them so he started to cut them up. As he was doing that, he noticed some interesting patterns in the wood. He then cut more and stuck them on top of each other. The first thing he created from the wood was a piece of jewelry. He created something new from something old.4. Nowadays, however, he is known for his extremely large 3D wooden sculptures. His ideas generally come from skateboarding culture, ranging from skateboarding cats to cool trainers, but also everyday topics such as hurting yourself, getting better, being crazy about something and of course, growing up. All skateboarders will understand these. Haroshi has made over 40 pieces and each piece takes a very long time. There is no doubt that he is very talented but he’s had noformal art training. He taught himself.5. Haroshi held an exhibition in London last month and three of us from @teenattack went along. As we entered the first room, we saw a huge bird that covered one wall. It was absolutely enormous! There was also a sculpture called Ordinary Life. It looked like a broken leg—a very common problem, of course. It’s incredible to think that these sculptures are all made from broken skateboards. But there’s something else that is really interesting about Haroshi’s work.6. In the twelfth century a sculptor called Unkei placed a glass ball in each of his works to show the heart of the piece. Haroshi also places something inside his sculptures—a piece of broken skateboard. In this way, he gives his sculptures life. We think that is just awesome!34. What does Paragraph 2 want to tell us?A. Skateboards are built differently.
B. Skateboards need to be improved.C. Haroshi collects broken skateboards.D. Haroshi is an excellent skateboarder.37. What can be learnt from the passage?A. It’s never too old to learn.B. Rome is not built in one day.
C. Failure is the mother of success.D. Creativity makes a big difference.文章主旨题●找准主旨句位于段首：先定论再摆事实（议论文&说明文居多）；位于段尾：先摆事实后作结论；位于段中：不是正中间，首句并非主旨句，尤其后面出现转折词，主旨句往往为第二句；或者摆事实— 得结论— 再摆事实进一步说明；●无主旨句：通读全段内容，琢磨其与全文主旨之间的逻辑关系，归纳主旨；●甄别选项：注意错误选项的规律—根据部分细节得出的结论，或者夸大部分细节，与文章主题毫不相关。

高考英语阅读理解高频考点—主旨大意题详解
课件来自揭阳侨中高三年级组
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对于主旨大意题的正确选项，我们要明确以下几点：
1.正确选项常含有抽象名词或概括性词语。

2.正确的选项一般不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词。

3.那些概括全文、内容全面、含义深刻、说明道理的选项往往有一个正确答案。

4.四个选项中，内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个正确答案。

5.干扰项特点：A: 概括范围太窄，只含局部信息。

B: 概括范围太宽，所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容。

C: 无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。

英语时文阅读时文阅读，中高考母题库小程序
关于此类题型练习可以通过奇速英语时文阅读的个性化选择主旨大意，加深对这类题型的理解，练习时除了准确率也要注意时间的把控。

解题技巧点拨：
1. 段落中出现转折时，该句可能是主题句。

2. 作者有意识的重复的观点，通常是主旨;反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。

3. 提出文章的主旨时常伴有文字提示，如：therefore, thus, but,however, in fact, in short等等。

4.首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章的主旨。

四川2020高考英语阅读理解--主旨大意题讲解及选练（含答案）2020高考英语阅读理解解题指导【1】阅读理解历来都是高考英语试卷中难度最大、区分度最高的题型，它要求考生理解文章的主旨和要义；理解文中的具体信息；根据上下文推断生词的词义；理解文章的基本结构；理解作者的意图、观点和态度等。

下面我们来探讨一下高考阅读理解的解题思路。

一、主旨大意题此类题型主要考查考生的归纳、概括等能力。

一种命题方式是对整篇文章或者某一段落大意的概括，提问方式一般是：What is the text mainly about?/What is the main idea of the text/ the second paragraph?；另一种命题方式是提炼文章的标题，其提问方式一般是：What can be the best title for the text?阅读时，文章的开头、结尾及段落的段首句和段尾句特别重要，因为它们往往包含文章的中心议题。

有时候，文章或段落中没有明确的主题句，需要我们根据所提供的信息归纳出文章或段落的主旨大意。

同时要注意提炼文章的关键词。

此外，标题类题目还要追求语言的生动和趣味性。

【例1】(2020安徽卷B篇)Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving (铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.63. The text is mainly about ______.A. why paving roads reduces our waterB. how much we depend on water to liveC. why droughts occur more in dry climatesD. how human activity affects our water supply解析：文章主要介绍了由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺，呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起来保护水资源。

四川2020高考英语阅读理解【主旨大意题】讲解及选练（含答案）阅读理解中主旨大意题的解题技巧一、设题方式The passage is mainly about .Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?Which of the following is the best title for the passage?What would be the best title for the passage?What’s the main theme of the passage?What’s mainly discussed in the passage?二、干扰项特点1. 断章取义。

干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。

2. 以偏概全。

干扰项常常以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要内容。

3. 主题扩大。

干扰项归纳、概括的范围过大。

4. 张冠李戴。

命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B上。

三、解题指导解题时需要快速了解作者的写作方法，理清文章结构，找到主题句或主旨句。

作者表现文章主旨的方式一般有下面几种：1. 正三角形写作法主题出现在首句或者首段。

开门见山提出主题，这是英语中最常见的写作方式。

新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”、“导语”，实际上就是提出主题。

大部分说明文也是如此。

例1：2020年福建卷阅读理解E篇A MENTORING (导师制) program is giving life changing opportunities to Banbury youth.Young Inspirations was founded two years ago to provide mentoring sessions for students and unemployed young adults aged 11 to 21.Alex Goldberg, the program’s founder, said: “We set up Young Inspirations because we wanted to give young people experiences which will potentially be life changing and broaden their outlook.”…75. What would be the best title for the passage?A. Alex Goldberg, Founder of Young InspirationsB. Young People Find a World of OpportunityC. Kieran, Banbury School Pupil to ParisD. Debates Help Youth with Their Grades解析：B。

1高考英语 阅读理解 主旨大意高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求：阅读部分 要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。

需要特别说明的是，考试说明中强调：“阅读部分要求学生读懂选自英语原版书籍、报纸和杂志（含网络版）的关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。

文体包括记叙文、议论文、说明文和应用文等。

” 网络版英语文章也有可能成为阅读理解命题的材料。

1.Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them. ...Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.What is the min idea of the text ？A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languagesC.Human development results in fewer languagesD.Geography determines language evolution.2. Going green seems to be fad(时尚)for a lot of people these days. Whether that is good or bad, we can’t really say, but for th e tow of us, going green is not a fad but a lifestyle.On April22, 2011, we decided to go green every single day for an entire year. This meant doing 365 different green things, and it also meant challenging ourselves to go green beyond easy things. Rather than recycle and reduce our energy, we had to think of 365 different green things to do and this was no easy task.What might be the best title for the passage ?A ．Going Green.B ．Protecting the Planet.C ．Keeping Open-MindedD ．Celebrating Our Green Year.3. Of course, markets and queues are not the only ways of allocating things. Some goods we distribute by merit, others by need, still others by chance. However, the tendency of markets to replace queues, and other non-market ways of allocating goods is so common in modern life that we scarcely notice it anymore. It is striking that most of the paid queue-jumping schemes we’ve2considered —at airports and amusement parks, in call centers, doctors’ offices, and national parks —are recent developments, scarcely imaginable three decades ago. The disappearance of the queues in these places may seem an unusual concern, but these are not the only places that markets have entered.The passage is meant to ______.A ．justify paying for faster servicesB ．discuss the morals of allocating thingsC ．analyze the reason for standing in lineD ．criticize the behavior of queue jumping4.Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day. UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.Which of the following can be the best title for the text ？A.Exploring the Future of jazz.B.The Rise and Fall of jazz.C.The Story of a jazz Musician.D.Celebrating the Jazz Day.5. Many people think that listening is a passive business. It is just the opposite. Listening well is an active exercise of our attention and hard work. It is because they do not realize this, or because they are not willing to do the work, that most people do not listen well.Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else. An essential part of listening well is the rule known as ‘bracketing’. Bracketing includes the temporary giving up or setting aside of your own prejudices and desires, to experience as far as possible someone else’s world from the inside, stepping into his or her shoes. Moreover, since listening well involves bracketing, it also involves a temporary acceptance of the other person. Sensing this acceptance, the speaker will seem quite willing to open up the inner part of his or her mind to the listener. True communication is under way and the energy required for listening well is so great that it can be accomplished only by the will to extend oneself for mutual growth....What is mainly discussed in Paragraph 2?A ．How to listen well.B ．What to listen to.C ．Benefits of listening.D ．Problems in listening6. Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger , but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌) a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave the less water can flow into theground to become groundwater....Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference, too In the United States , a family of four can use 1. 5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number.The text is mainly about __________ .A．Why paving roads reduces our water B．how much we depend on water to liveC．why droughts occur more in dry climates D．how human activity affects our water supply3 7. ...According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike. Each Lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed（安装）at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians....What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the Lampbrella?A. Its moving speedB. Its appearanceC. Its installationD. Its safety8With around 100 students scheduled to be in that 9 am Monday morning lecture, it is no surprise that almost 20 people actually make it to the class and only 10 of them arc still awake after the first IS minutes; it is not even a surprise that most of them are still in their pyjamas (睡衣). Obviously, students are terrible at adjusting their sleep cycles to their daily schedule.All human beings possess a body clock. Along with other alerting (警报) systems, this governs the sleep/wake cycle and is therefore one of the main processes which govern sleep behaviour. Typically, the preferred sleep/wake cycle is delayed in adolescents, which leads to many students not feeling sleepy until much later in the evenings. This typical sleep pattern is usually referredto as the "night owl" schedule of sleep.This is opposed to the "early bird" schedule, and is a kind of disorder where the individual tendsto stay up much past midnight. Such a person has great difficulty in waking up in the mornings. Research suggests that night owls feel most alert and function best in the evenings and at night. Research findings have shown that about 20 percent of people can be classified as "night owls" and only 10 percent can be classified as "early birds" - the other 70 percent are in the middle. Although this is clearly not true for all students, for the ones who are true night owls this gives them an excellent excuse for missing their lectures which unfortunately fall before midday.What docs the text mainly talk about？A．Functions of the body clock. B．The "night owl" phenomenon.C．Human beings' sleep behaviour. D．The school schedule of "early birds".4Group exercise is one of the most effective ways to improve physical fitness and sustain （保持） a healthy lifestyle.Group exercise is challenging, yet fun and empowering! Of course everyone knows that exercise is good for the body.However, studies have shown that when exercise is performed in groups, it's not only great for improving physical health but for psychological health. It's an opportunity to be social, release endorphins （内啡肽 ） , and improve your strength. Additionally, group exercise creates a community feel and the shared common goal motivates participants to work hard. The instrumental support of taking on a fitness journey with others proves more effective than going to the gym alone....The first paragraph focuses on____ .A. the greatest challenge of group exerciseB. the most effective way to improve physical fitnessC. the contribution of group exercise to psychological healthD. the shared common goal in performing exercise in groups10.Across Britain ，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers ．But ，according to a new study ，we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year ．...The study shows mothers matter all y ear long and not just on Mother’s Day ．The emotional ，physical and mental energy mothers devote to their children can be never-ending ，but children are also sources of great joy and happiness ．Investing(投入)in time for parenting and raising relationships is money well spent ．What is stressed in the last paragraph?A ．Mothers’importance shows in family all year long ．B ．The sacrifices mothers make are huge but worthwhile ．C ．Mothers’devotion to children can hardly be calculated ．D ．Investing time in parenting would bring a financial return ．5Food serves as a form of communication in two fundamental ways. Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition that can promote unity and trust. Food can also have a specific meaning, and play a significant role in a family or culture's celebrations or traditions. The foods we eat —and when and how we eat them —are often unique to a particular culture or may even differ between rural （农村的） and urban areas within one country.Sharing bread, whether during a special occasion （时刻） or at the family dinner table, is a common symbol of togetherness. Many cultures also celebrate birthdays and marriages with cakes that are cut and shared among the guests. Early forms of cake were simply a kind of bread, so this tradition has its roots in the custom of sharing bread.Food also plays an important role in many New Year celebrations. In the southern United States, pieces of corn bread represent blocks of gold for prosperity （兴旺） in the New Year. In Greece, people share a special cake called vasilopita. A coin is put into the cake, which signifies （预示） success in the New Year for the person who receives it.Many cultures have ceremonies to celebrate the birth of a child, and food can play a significant role. In China, when a baby is one month old, families name and welcome their child in a celebration that includes giving red-colored eggs to guests. In many cultures, round foods such as grapes, bread, and moon cakes are eaten at welcome celebrations to represent family unity. Nutrition is necessary for life, so it is not surprising that food is such an important part of different cultures around the world.What is the passage mainly about?A. The custom of sharing food.B. The importance of food in culture.C. The role of food in ceremonies.D. The specific meaning of food.12If you could have one superpower ，what would it be ？Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds ，see through walls ，or have superhuman strength may sound silly ，but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life ．Every day in our work ，we are inspired by the people we meet doing extraordinary things to improve the world ．They have a different kind of superpower that all of us possess ：the power to make a difference in the lives of others ．We're not saying that everyone needs to contribute their lives to the poor ．Your lives are busy enough doing homework ，playing sports ，making friends ，seeking after your dreams ．But we do think that you can live a more powerful life when you devote some of your time and energy to something much larger than yourself ．Find an issue you are interested in and learn more ．V olunteer or ，if you can ，contribute a little money to a cause ．Whatever you do ，don't be a bystander （旁观者）．Get involved ．You may have the opportunity to make your biggest difference when you're older ．But why not start now ？6 What does the author stress in Paragraph 5？A ．Learning more and contributing more to a cause ．B ．Rising above self and acting to help others ．C ．Working hard to get a bigger opportunity ．D ．Trying your best to help the poor ．13.Grown-ups are often surprised by how well they remember somethingthey learned as children but have never practiced still swim as well as eversince. A man when he gets back who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can in the water. He can get on a bicycle after many years andstill ride away. He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son. A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins "Twinkle, twinkle, little star"。

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之主旨大意高考阅读理解对文章的主旨大意进行命题，旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。

要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。

在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：(1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?(2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________.(3) The main idea/ The general idea is/ The main theme of this passage is…(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________.(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?(6) What is the main idea of the passage?(7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(8) The purpose of this passage is.(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(10) Which of the following best summarized the passage?(11) The passage mainly focuses on.从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。

专题1 阅读理解专题之----主旨大意题【设问形式】1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题常见设问形式：1）What may/can be the best title for the text?2）The best title for the text would be______.3）Which of the following can be the best title for the text?4）What might be the most suitable title for the text?....2.主旨大意题之主题归纳题常见的设问形式：1）The main idea of the passage is…2）The passage is mainly about…3）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?4）What is the passage mainly about?......【考查方式】高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。

一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题、标题设题。

这类题目一般考查：概括总结文章的主题、文章标题、段落大意等。

它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括和总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别筛选信息的能力。

1.主旨大意题之标题归纳题解题思路：在阅读理解中，通常利用找中心句来确定文章标题。

首先通读文章，找到文章的中心句，根据中心句的关键词来确定最佳标题。

同时，在选标题的时候还要注意以下几个问题：1）首先要在对原文的理解基础上仔细考虑所选标题是否符合文章的中心思想，同时关注标题对文章的内容的覆盖性如何，避免题目范围过大或过小。