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全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试义务教育概论试题课程代码：09276一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题，每小题1分，共25分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。
错选、多选或未选均不得分。
1．在我国，义务教育的概念来自于英语的compulsory education或compulsory schooling。
compulsory在英文中的意思是（）A．免费B．普及C．强迫D．义务2．下列选项中，不属于．．．义务教育性质的是（）A．基础性B．地方性C．均衡性D．强制性3．“有教无类”教育思想的提出者是（）A．墨子B．荀子C．孔子D．孟子4．在大会宣言中提出“改良教育制度，实行普及教育”的会议是（）A．中国共产党第一次代表大会 B．中国共产党第二次代表大会C．中国共产党第三次代表大会 D．中国共产党第四次代表大会5．下列关于义务教育的说法，正确的是（）A．义务教育可免费，亦可收费，但最好是免费B．不允许私人团体来举办义务教育学校C．行政命令手段是普及义务教育最根本的措施D．不能请神职人员来校担任管理工作，但可开设宗教课程6．在西方教育史上，被人们誉为“国民教育之父”的是（）A．卢梭B．孔多塞C．赫尔巴特D．马丁·路德7．我国实行教职工聘用合同制，聘用合同的期限要根据合同双方主体的意愿，由学校和受聘人共同协商确定，聘用期一般为（）A．1—3年B．1—4年C．1—5年D．1—6年8．美国教师资格证书申请者的起点学历为（）A．中等师范B．大学专科C．大学本科D．硕士研究生9．世界上大多数国家规定义务教育学生的入学年龄为（）A．5岁B．6岁C．7岁D．8岁10．把高中第一年作为义务教育的最后一年的国家是（）A．美国B．日本C．法国D．意大利11．《中华人民共和国义务教育法》修订的时间是（）A．1986年B．1993年C．2000年D．2006年12．教育法规定了承担义务教育法律责任的三种主要方式是（）A．经济赔偿责任、教育监护责任、刑事法律责任B．经济赔偿责任、行政法律责任、教育监护责任C．行政法律责任、民事法律责任、刑事法律责任D．教育监护责任、行政法律责任、民事法律责任13．《中华人民共和国义务教育法》规定：农村义务教育所需经费的分担办法是（）A．县级人民政府根据国务院的规定分项目、按比例分担B．市级以上人民政府根据国务院的规定分项目、按比例分担C．省级人民政府根据国务院的规定全额分担D．各级人民政府根据国务院的规定分项目、按比例分担14．学生申诉制度建立的法律依据是（）A．《中华人民共和国宪法》B．《中华人民共和国教育法》C．《中华人民共和国义务教育法》D．《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》15．以“学生生命维系着国家的未来”为最高原则，对中小学校的建筑标准进行了严格规范的国家是（）A．中国B．英国C．美国D．日本16．完备而有系统的教育行政管理体制产生于（）A．古代B．近代C．现代D．当代17．我国义务教育督导的对象是（）A．中学和小学B．高校和幼儿园C．高校和中小学校D．中小学校和幼儿园18．《中华人民共和国义务教育法》明确规定，对本辖区内的义务教育负有首要责任的是（）A．省级政府B．市级政府C．县级政府D．乡级政府19．义务教育政府财政经费筹措方式属于普通财政与开征教育税相结合的国家是（）A．美国B．中国C．日本D．英国20．在分散型的义务教育政府财政投入体制中，地方政府义务教育投入占各级政府财政投入的比重超过（）A．40％B．50％C．60％D．70％21．在我国农村义务教育经费保障机制改革中，对贫困家庭学生免费提供教科书资金来源，正确的提法是（）A．由中央全额承担B．由地方自行承担C．东部地区由中央全额承担D．中西部地区由中央全额承担22．从1949年到2009年的60年间，我国先后进行的中小学课程改革的次数是（）A．6次B．7次C．8次D．9次23．在我国新课程改革中，与各学科课程有着本质区别，体现课程体系结构性突破的课程是（）A．综合实践活动课程B．探究性课程C．隐性课程D．分科课程24．我国新课程改革要求整体设置九年一贯的义务教育课程，这里的“整体”指的是（）A．课程之间的横向关系B．各类课程纵向的发展序列C．课程之间横向的比例关系D．各类课程纵向的比例关系25．我国教师资格证书的有效期是（）A．5年B．10年C．15年D．终身二、名词解释题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)26．教师权利27．课程评价28．教师教育29．办学条件30．义务教育培养目标三、简答题(本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分)31．简述义务教育中的法律责任及其作用。
全国2012年4月自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.People have thought very differently about children in different historical eras. In ancient Rome and throughout the Middle Ages, for example, childhood was brief: A boy or girl was considered an “infant” until the age of six, b ut soon afterward worked alongside adults in the fields, in the workshops, or at home. Children were thought to be born in a state of sin and were viewed as the property of their fathers. Such beliefs contributed to strict discipline of children and neglect of their special needs.These harsh attitudes softened during the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the humanistic spirit of the times caused a rediscovery of the special qualities of childhood. In paintings, for example, young children were depicted as playing and doing other childish things, rather than being shown as miniature adults. The importance of childhood as a unique period of development was understood more fully in the 17th and 18th centuries, as reflected in the writings of two important European thinkers: the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau. John Locke argued that the newborn infant comes into the world with no inherited predispositions (天性), but rather with a mind as a “blank slate” that is gradually filled with ideas, concepts, and knowledge from experiences in the world. He concluded that the quality of early experiences, particularly how children are raised and educated, shapes the direction of a child’s life. Later, Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that children at birth are innately good rather than evil, and that their natural tendencies should be protected against the corrupting influences of society. Rousseau’s attitude had an important influence on society, and inspired，for example，the novelists Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo，who decried(揭露)the exploitation of child labor and highlighted the need for educational and social reform．再长的路，一步步也能走完，再短的路，不迈开双脚也无法到达。
自学考试历年试题_2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题_复习参考资料自学考试历年试题_2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题_复习参考资料全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语语法试题课程代码：00831一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.1．There are a lot of ________ in Xinhua Childre n’s Hospital. ( )A．woman doctors B．woman doctorC．women doctors D．women doctor2．We ________ . Please fasten your seat belt. ( )A．have landed B．are landingC．landed D．land3．Mary and John ________ each other since childhood. ( )A．have been knowing B．knewC．have known D．had known4．Almost all the main roads in the city center ________ by the end of next year. ( ) A．will be widened B．were widened C．will have been widened D．would be widened5．The factory will be fined if the work ________ by the end of the month is delayed. ( )A．to be completed B．will be completedC．being completed D．completed6．I don’t think it advisable that the young man ________ to the important post since he has no practical experience. ( )A．is appointed B．will be appointedC．be appointed D．has been appointed7．Mary’s score on the test is the highest in her class; she ________ have studied very hard. ( )A．may B．shouldC．must D．ought to8．The students are staying up late these days ________ for the final exams. ( )A．to preparing B．to prepareC．being prepared D．prepared9．He tried ________ a new microphone and was able to make himself heard. ( )A．to use B．to be usedC．to using D．using10．Mr. Johnson met ________ at the party that day. ( )A．a certain retired movie funny star B．a retired certain funny movie starC．a funny certain retired movie star D．a certain funny retired movie star11．Tom likes watching TV ________ novels. ( )A．more than to read B．more than readingC．than reading D．rather than to read12．The Conservative Party is one of the ________ parties in Britain. ( )A．major B．mainC．big D．huge13．________ , he couldn’t deal with these problems. ( )A．Obviously speaking B．Obviously to speakC．Obvious D．Obviously14．The room is too cold without heating and too small fora family of four. ________ , it is better than I expected. ( )A．Still B．ButC．And D．So15．________ their differences, John and Mark remain good friends all their lives.( ) A．But for B．For allC．Above all D．Except for16．She is a gentle and quiet girl, ________ none of her sisters is. ( )A．who B．whomC．that D．which17．She is married to a man who she believes ________ both makes a lot of money and loves her. ( )A．who B．whomC．that D．/18．Neither of them who had applied for a position in the company ________. ( )A．has been accepted B．have been acceptedC．was accepted D．were accepted19．What she wanted from him ________ just promises at that time. ( )A．is B．areC．was D．were20．I know I need a good car, but I can’t afford ________. ( ) A．it B．oneC．that D．this二、填空题（本大题共28小题，共36分）Section A: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题，每小题2分，共16分)21．go, goes, is going, advice, advices, piece of adviceMy special thanks ____________ to Professor Brown, who read the first draft of this book and gave me a lot of invaluable ____________ .22．a, a, the, the, some, such____________ beautiful is not always the same as ____________ good.23．worrying, are worrying, has been worrying, fining, being fined, is finedThe browns ____________ about their son ____________ for overspeed.24．was, were, be, never, being, will never be, has never to beThough be ____________ reduced to poverty, he ____________ dishonest.25．work, worked, working, tell, told, telling____________ hard until ____________ to stop.26．which, which, what, what, that, thatThere is something ____________ I want you to do but ____________ you hate to do.27．what, which, that, is, are, wasWhat he did and ____________ he said ____________ totally different.28．such, so, it, make, to make, made____________ is not funny at all ____________ fun of a disabled man.Section B: Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes or add something where necessary. ( 共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)29．Let’s not talk to the director, ____________ (we)?30．You say you took the book without his permission.___________ (other words), you stole it.31．The book will provide a ____________ (stimuli) to research in this very important area.32．They speak ____________ (not French) nor German, but a curious mixture of the two.33．In my ____________ (mind) eye, she remains a little girl of six although she’s actuallya grown woman.34．I’m afraid you ____________ (have) to be responsible for everything you do after you’re eighteen.35．Look at the dark clouds. It ____________ (rain).36．Mary is naughty, but she____________(be) a good girl today.37．Congress has decided that the present law____________(maintain).38．?—The lights have gone out.—A fuse____________(blow).39．Having finished the first project, John went on____________(work) on another one.40．____________ (stand) on the church tower, the whole village could be seen.41．When I told her the news, she became all____________(depressed).42．How much did the second____________ (expensive) has cost?43．I think the noise____________(come) below the window.44．Don’t get____________(mad) the children. They don’t know what they’ve done.45．____________ (consider) the strength of the opposition, we did very well to score two goals.46．That is the reason____________(for) he is leaving so soon.47．Each man and woman____________(be) asked to complete a form.48．I don’t want____________(there be) any distur bance during my lunch break.三、改错题（本大题共12小题，每小题1分，共12分）Correct one error in each of the following sentences.49．—Did you work out the solution to this problem?—I am at my wits end with this problem.50．I’m going to buy a new coat. The weather report says it is very cold.51．Far is it from me to call him a thief.52．She talked a long time, and in the end she could make him believe her.53．The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.54．The additional work will take five another weeks.55．Such chances should never be let to slip.56．There is something wrong with the car; it needs overhauled.57．Having paid my taxes, the amount left in the bank is hardly worth mentioning.58．Just take a look at that fellow, so you’ll get sick.59．Brown bread and butter are usually eaten with smoked salmon.60．Not a single page he read the whole semester.四、改写句子（本大题共12小题，每小题2分，共24分）Rewrite the following sentences as required.61．Adding a suitable tag to the following statement:I don’t believe you’ve fini shed knitting that cardiganyourself.62．Reinforcing the negation in the following sentence:No one on the committee approved of my proposal.63．Combining the two sentences by using coordination:He himself is interested in the subject. All his students are beginning to show an interest in it.64．Combining the two sentences by using an adverbial clause:John spoke through a microphone. He could be heard in every room.65．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:The house was in bad repair. It was to be sold at a reduced price.66．Combining the two sentences by using a conjunct:The term papers were very brief. They were better than I had expected.67．Using extraposition:Whether there was gold left in the mine was not known.68．Using fronting:The plane dived into a large crowd of spectators.69．Using a modal auxiliary:I’m sure that he is working late at the office.70．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:We are told that he will come tonight, and if he comes tonight, our meeting will be held tomorrow. If he doesn’t come tonight, there won’t be any meeting tomorrow.71．Using whatever cohesive device is appropriate:I finally threw out my dirty tennis shoes, which pleased my mother tremendously.72．Using subjunctive mood:I had recommended him to be placed in a more responsible position.五、简答题（本大题共2小题，每小题4分，共8分）Answer the following questions.73．Give a brief answer to the criteria of the classification of open class words and their significance.74．List the types of subjunctive mood with examples.。
2012年4月全国高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试卷（课程代码 00604）答题说明：本试卷分试卷和答题纸两部分，考生用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔在答题纸上作答，将答案写在试卷上无效。
PART ONE (40 POINTS)Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(40 points in all,1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A , B , C or D on the answer sheet.1.Antonio, Bassanio and Portia are the characters in_______.A. The Merchant of VenisB. Much Ado About NothingC. Twelfth NightD.A Midsummer Night’s Dream2. John Milton wrote ______to expose the ways Satan and to “justify the ways of God to men.”A. Paradise RegainedB. Paradise LostC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica3. The work ______written by Daniel Defoe Brought him into jail and made him go through public pillory.A. The Shortest Way with the DissentersB. The True—born EnglishmanC. Robinson CrusoeD. A Journal of the Plague Year4. In the first part of Gulliver’s Travels, Gulliver told his experience in _____.A. BrobdingnagB. LilliputC. Flying IslandD. Houyhnhnm5. For his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel,_______has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel”.A. Daniel DefoeB. Jonathan SwiftC. Henry FieldingD. Charles Dickens6. William Blake’s _____ was composed during the climax of the French Revolution and it plays the double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.A. Songs of ExperienceB. Songs of InnocenceC. Marriage of Heaven and HellD. Poetical Sketches7.________ maintained that the scenes and events of everyday life and the speech of ordinary people were the raw material of which poetry could and should be made.A. William BlakeB. William WordsworthC. T. S. EliotD. William Shakespeare8. Prometheus, the hero in Shelly’s poetic drama Prometheus Unbound, is a figure in _____.A. The BibleB. Greek MythologyC. A German LegendD. Arabian Nights9. Jane Austen’s first novel is _____.A. Pride and PrejudiceB. Sense and SensibilityC. EmmaD. persuasion10. All the following statements are true of Dickens’ later work EXCEPT______.A. There are fewer jokes and the comedy becomes harsher.B. There is always a happy ending.C. The novels are of great compactness and concentration.D. Most of the works present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and moral of Victorian England.11. Charlotte Bronte’s most autobiographical work, _______ is largely based on her experience in Brussels.A. Jane EyreB. ShirleyC. VilletteD. The Professor12. All of the following novels by Thomas Hardy reveal the conflict between the traditional and the modern EXCEPT ______.A. The Mayor of CasterbridgeB. Tess of the D’ UrbervillesC. Jude of ObscurD. Under the Greenwood Tree13. Much of Shavian drama is constructed around the ______ of a conventional theatrical situation.A. traditionB. inversionC. BorderingD. distortion14. As an important prose writer, in his famous essay, Traditional and Individual Talent, Eliot put great emphasis on the importance of _______ both in creative writing and in criticism.A. change B .creativityC. ethicD. Tradition15. D. H. Lawrence’s novel ______ is a remarkable novel in which the individual consciousness is subtly revealed and strands of themes are intricately wound up.A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. Women in LoveD. Lady Chatterley’s Lover16. All of the following plays are among Shakespeare’s four greated tragedies EXCEPT ______.A. HamletB. MacbethC. Romio and JulietD. Othello17. The work _____ shows how mankind, in the person of Christ, withstands the tempers and is established once more in the divine favor.A. Paradise RegainedB. Paradise LostC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica18. As one of the greatest masters of English prose, ______ defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.”A .Henry Fielding B. Jonathan SwiftC. Daniel DefoeD. William Blake19. Dickens’ best depicted characters are those innocent, virtuous, persecuted and helpless _____.A. child charactersB. femalesC. LabororsD. Farmers20. The author of the work The Return of the Native is _______.A. Thomas HardyB. D. H. LawrenceC. Charles DickensD. George Bernard Shaw21. “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”, Eliot’s most striking early achievement, presents the meditation of an aging young man over the business of ______.A. proposing marriageB. pursuing the truthC. losing idealismD. making a choice22. D. H. Lawrence’s two novels, _______ and Women in Love, are generally regarded as his masterpieces.A. Sons and LoversB. The RainbowC. KangarooD. Lady Chatterley’s Lover23. Hemingway’s To Have and Have Not is one of many to show his characteristics pattern of ______ struggling against nature and the environment.A. a military armyB. a vulnerable groupC. a human societyD. a lonely individual24. According to Hawthorne, there is evil in every human heart, which may remain latent, perhaps, through the whole life; but _______ may rouse it to activity.A. musicB. CircumstancesC. memoryD. love25. ______ is best—known as the author of his mighty book, Moby—Dick, which is one of the world’s greatest masterpieces.A. Herman MelvilleB. Mark TwainC. Ernest HemingwayD. Virginia Woolf26. Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having devoted all his life to the creation of the “single” poem, _____.A. Innocent AbroadB. The Lost ParadiseC. Leaves of GrassD. The Waste Land27. While Mark Twain and Howells seemed to have paid more attention to the “life” of the Americans, Henry James had apparently laid a greater emphasis on the “______” of man.A. outer worldB. inner worldC. physical worldD. domestic world28. Greatly and permanently affected by the ______, Hemingway formed his own writing style, together with his theme and hero.A. war experiencesB. love experiencesC. marriageD. education29. Emily Dickinson’s poetry is unique and ______ in its own way. For example, her poems have no titles.A. traditionalB. unconventionalC. ordinaryD. unbelievable30. Theodore Dreiser entitled his greatest work with ______ intending to tell us that it is the social pressure that makes Clyde’s downfall inevitable.A. Death in the WoodsB. Tender Is the NightC. The Sound and the FuryD. An American Tragedy31. Robert Lee Frost’s ______ won him the first Pulitzer Prizes, which includes”Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening.”A. North BostonB. “The Gift Outright”C. New HampshireD. A Boy’s Will32. Fitzgerald is a great _____ in American literature and his style is closely related to his themes.A. poetB. criticC. essayistD. stylist33. It is Henry James’ novels and his ______ that make him a fascinating case in the American literary history and a conspicuous figure in world literature.A. literary essaysB. travel accountsC. poemsD. plays34. The major concern of Faulkner’s ______ is primarily about the South as a state of mind.A. The Sun Also RisesB. Light in AugustC. The FableD. The Mansion35. Compelled by an unceasing interest in the “interior of the heart” of man’s being, Hawthorne discusses _______ in almost every book he wrote.A. love and hatredB. sin and evilC. frustration and self—denialD. balance and self—discipline36. The purpose of Melville’s fictional tales, exotic or philosophical, is to penetrate as deeply as possible into the metaphysical, theological, moral, psychological, and social truths of _____.A. human existenceB. politicsC. religionD. arts37. According to Whitman, poetry could enable Americans to celebrate their release from the Old World and the ______ rule.A. academicB. officialC. colonialD. legislative38. Being a boy’s book specially written for the adults, ______ is Mark Twain’s most representative work, describing a journey down the Mississippi undertaken by Huck and Jim.A. Innocents AbroadB. The Gilded AgeC. Life on the MississippiD. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn39. One of Henry James’ literary techniques innovated to cater for the psychological emphasis is his ______.A. narrative “point of view”B. rhetorical devicesC. way of using metaphorsD. way of using symbols40. More than five hundred poems Emily Dickenson wrote are about nature, in which her general ______ about the relationship between man and nature is well---expressed.A. skepticismB. beliefC .appreciation D. passionPART TWO (60 POINTS)Ⅱ.Reading Comprehension(16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41. Into this fence or fortress, with infinite labour, I carry’d all my riches, all my provisions, ammunition, and stores, of which you have the account above; and I made me a large tent, which, to preserve me from the rains that in one part of the year are very violent there, I made double, viz. one smaller tent within, and one larger tent above it, and covered the uppermost with a large tarpaulin which I had saved among the sails.Questions:A.Identify the author and the title of the novel from which this passage istaken.B.Who is the narrator?C.What are the narrator’s characteristics and whom does he represent?42. MRS.WARREN. (after looking at her helplessly, begins to whimper) VivieVIVIE. (springing up sharply) Now pray dont begin to cry. Any thing but that. I really cannot stand whimpering. I will go out of the room if you do.MRS.WARREN. (piteously) Oh, my darling, how can you be so hard on me?Have I no rights over you as your mother?VIVIE. Are you my mother?MRS.WARREN. (appaled) Am I you mother! Oh Vivie!VIVIE. Then where are our relatives? my father? our family friends? You claim the rights of a mother: the right to call me fool and child; to speak to me as no woman in authority over me at collage dare speak to me; to dictate my way of life; and to force on me the acquaintance of a brute whom anyone can see to be the most vicious sort of London man about town. Before I give myself thetrouble to resist such claims, I may as well find out whether they have any real existence.Questions:A.Identify the author and the title of the play from which the part is taken.B.Summarize the theme of the play in one or two sentences.C.What kind of person is the protagonist Vivie?43. I celebrate myself, and sing myself.And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.Questions:A.Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the stanza is taken.B.What does the word”you” refer to?C.What does the poet express in the stanza?44. We slowly drove---He knew no haste,And I had put awayMy labor and my leisure too,For His Civility---We passed the School, where Children stroveAt Recess ---in the Ring---We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain---We passed the Setting Sun---Questions:A.Identify the poet and the title of the poem from which the above stanzasare taken.B.What figure of speech is used in Line 1 and Line 4?C.What do “the School”, “the Fields of Gazing Grain” and “the Setting Sun”represent?Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 points in all, 6 for each)Give a brief answer to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answers sheet.45. What is the theme of Jane Austen’ Pride and Prejudice?46. What does the poem “The Chimney Sweeper (from Songs of Experience)”reveal?47. What is “Hemingway Code Heroes”?48. Give a brief analysis of Emily Grierson, the protagonist of A Rose for Emily by Faulkner.Ⅳ. Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 words on each of the following topics in Englishin the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49. Discuss briefly Thomas Hardy’s literary achievement in terms of the setting,the literary tendency and literary features.50. Comment briefly on Robert Frost’s nature poetry.2012年4月全国高等教育自学考试英美文学选读试题答案及评分参考（课程代码 00604）Ⅰ.Multiple Choice(40 points in all,1 for each)1. A2. B3. A4.B5. C6. C7. B8. B9. B 10. B 11. C12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C 16. C 17. A 18. B 19. A 20. A 21. A22. B 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. B 30. D 31. C32. D 33. A 34. B 35. B 36. A 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. AⅡ.Reading Comprehension(16 points in all, 4 for each)41. A. From Daniel Defoe’s Robinson Cruse. (1 分)B. Robinson Cruse. (1 分)C. Robinson is a typical 18th century English middle—class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against the hostile natural environment. He is very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist. (2 分)42. A. George Bernard Shaw, Mrs. Warren’s profession. (1 分)B. The play is about the economic oppression of women. (1 分)C. Vivie is a kind of new woman, intelligent and well educated, with a strong sense of injustice and a passion for “honest” work. (2 分)43. A. From Walt Whitman’s“Song of Myself”. ((1 分)B. The democratic “en---masse” of America. ((1 分)C. The genuine participation of a poet in a common cultural was to behave as a supreme individualist; however, the poet’s essential purpose was to indentify his ego with the world, and with the democratic “en---masse” of America.(2 分)44. A. From Emily Dickenson’s “Because I could not stop for Death---”.( 1 分)B. Personification. (1 分)C. They represent three stages of life:”the School”----youth; “the Fields of Gazing Grain”—mature period;” the Setting Sun”—end of life. (2 分) Ⅲ.Questions and Answers (24 p points in all, 6 for each)45. Pride and Prejudice, originally drafted as “First Impressions” in 1796, is the most delightful of Jane Austen’s works. (3 分) The title tells of a major concern of the novel: .pride and prejudice. (3 分)46. The two “Chimney Sweeper” poems are good examples to reveal the relation between economic circumstance, i.e. the exploitation of child labor, (2 分) and an ideological circumstance, i.e. the role played by religion in making people compliant to exploitation. (2 分) The poem from the Songs of Experience reveals the true nature of religion which helps bring misery to the poor children. (2 分)47. Hemingway’s world is limited. He deals with limited range of characters in quite similar circumstances and measures them against an unvarying code, known as “grace under pressure”, which is actually an attitude towards life that Hemingway had been trying to demonstrate is his works. (3 分) Those who survive in theprogress of seeking to master the code with the honesty, the discipline, and the restraint are Hemingway Code Heroes. (3 分)48. Set in the town of Jefferson in Yoknapatawpa, the story focuses on Emily Grierson, an eccentric spinster who refuses to accept the passage of time, or the inevitable charge and loss that accompanied it. (3 分) As a descendent of the Southern aristocracy, Emily is typical of those in Faulkner’s Yoknapatawpa stories who are the symbols of Old South but the prisoners of the past. (3 分) Ⅳ. Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)49. A. Hardy’s novels are all Victorian in date. Most of them are set in Wessex, the fictional primitive and crude rural region which is really the home place he both loves and hates, such as The Return of the Native, Tess of the D’ Urbervilles Jude the Obscure. These works, known as “novels of character and environment,”are the most representative of him as both a naturalistic and a critical realist writer.(3 分)B. Living at the turn of the century, Hardy is often regarded as a transitional writer. In him we see the influence from both the past and the modern. The pessimistic view of life predominates most of Hardy’s later works and earns him a reputation as a naturalistic writer. Though Naturalism seems to have played an important part in Hardy’s works, there is also bitter and sharp criticism and even open challenge of the irrational, hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions, conventions and morals. (4 分)C. He tells very good stories and he is a great painter of nature. His heroes and heroines, those unfortunate young men and women in their desperate struggle for personal fulfillment and happiness, are all vividly and realistically depicted. And all the works of Hardy are noted for the rustic dialect and a poetic flavor which fits well into their perfectly designed architectural structures. They are the product of a conscientious artist. (3 分)50. A. Unlike his contemporaries in the 20th century, Robert Frost did not break up with the poetic tradition nor made any experiment on form. Instead, he learned from the tradition, especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry, and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. (3 分)B. Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the simple country life and the pastoral landscape that can be easily understood. But it would be a mistake to imagine that Frost is easy to understand because it is easy to read. (3 分)C. Profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the plain language and the simple form, for what frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. (2 分)D. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature, as well as its beauty, and the loneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully, while he practiced himself throughout his life. (2 分)。
2012.12全国大学英语四级考试全真试卷（兼全卷解析）Part I Writing（30 minutes）For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Education PaysYou should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.标准版：The above bar chart clearly shows us education pays in 2010. We see that one with higher educationbackground earns more money weekly than those with lower ones. For instance, the college students with nodegree get paid$712 per week whereas those with a Bachelor‟s degree can earn $1038.Several reasons, in my opinion, can be identified to account for this phenomenon. To begin with, comparedwith those with comparatively lower education degree, people who have received higher education possessconsiderably wider knowledge, more remarkable learning and research ability, greater innovation and mostof all, resourceful social network, all of which are essential to a high-income work. Also, the higher one‟seducation degree is, the bigger platform he will have to show his ability. For example, his college, university,or research institute will organize various job fairs for them to communicate face to face with employers.This phenomenon tells us that education is a worthy investment. Therefore, substantial education investment should be strengthened while we, as college students, should study harder to build our country and strive for a better life for ourselves.高分版：Education PaysJudging from the table, we can see that people‟s income increases along with their education levels. Above all，the average college graduates earn much more than the typical high-school graduates.The fact revealed by these data is obvious: a degree does bring distinctive financial benefits to its holders. But is it true that a degree alone can ensure a bright future? I don‟t think so because, on the one hand, the financial value of high education depends heavily on what skills graduates can gain from it instead of the degree itself. After all, an employer only pays for your ability and performance, not for your certificate. On the other hand, the most valuable bless high education brings to graduates is the ability to learn quickly and efficiently. People received more education tend to keep lifelong learning habits after their graduation, which would help them gain more opportunities in their career path.In conclusion, what accounts for education pays is not the degree alone, but the graduate‟s ability and leaning habit.【标准版点评】这次四级作文出了图表题，可能让大家有些意外，但是四六级考察图表作文已经并不是第一次，早在2002年的时候就已经出现过，是图表+提纲的形式，图表反应的是大学生使用计算机的情况。
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语翻译试题课程代码：00087I. Multiple Choice (30 points, 2 points each)A. This part consists of ten sentences, each followed by four different translation versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best version in terms of meaning and expressiveness and write the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet.1. From both sides of the valley little streams slipped out of the hill canyons and fell into the Salinas River.A.洼地两面的峡谷流出的涧水注入萨利纳斯河。
B.从峡谷洼地的两面流出的涧水汇入萨利纳斯河。
C.从峡谷洼地的两面流出了涧水，注入萨利纳斯河。
D.洼地两面的峡谷都有涧水流出，汇入萨利纳斯河。
2. It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.A.知道你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏，你就会力量倍增。
B.知道你的杰出事业如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏，你就会坚定信念。
C.这会使你坚定地认识到，因为你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
D.这会使你进一步坚定信念，因为你的杰出事业是如此广泛地受到人们的尊敬和赞赏。
3. True friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.A.真正的友谊就像健康一样，它的价值很少有人知道，直到失去以后。
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（二）真题课程代码：00795请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I．语法、词汇。
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选择一个正确答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。
错选、多选或未选均无分。
（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）1. The man in the store won’t change money for him ______ he buys something.A. ifB. orC. butD. unless2. The old harbor is still full of pleasant atmosphere and well worth ______.A. visitB. to visitC. to be visitedD. visiting3. The car often breaks down and we must have it ______ thoroughly.A. checkB. checkedC. to checkD. checking4. If she ______ here last night, I would have told her the good news.A. cameB. had comeC. would comeD. was coming5. Can you tell me ______ about this city that makes people love it so much?A. it is whatB. what it isC. what is itD. is it what6. By the time you get to the shopping mall, the stores ______.A. have been closedB. are to be closedC. will have been closedD. are being closed7. ______ , our next step is to determine how to carry it out.A. Having made the planB. Making the planC. The plan is being madeD. The plan having been made8. Some English words can have different meanings depending on the ______ in which they are used.A. contextB. contactC. contentD. contrast9. It ______ artificial, but at that price what can you expect?A. eatsB. flavorsC. chewsD. tastes10. I ______ hope that these very unfortunate people will not be forgotten.A. sincerelyB. seriouslyC. honestlyD. frankly11. We had to ______ a lot of noise when the children were at home.A. come up withB. catch up withC. put up withD. keep up with12. When I was eighteen I was independent ______ my parents.A. onB. ofC. toD. with13. The water was so clear that it ______ the trees on the river bank.A. shadowedB. presentedC. reflectedD. shaded14. In this advanced course students must take objective tests at monthly ______.A. lengthB. periodC. intervalsD. gaps15. The ______ majority of people do not actually attend sports events, but see themthrough the eyes of the media.A. mainB. wideC. bigD. vastII．完形填空。
全国高等教育自学考试英语一2012版教材答案1. Natural foods also ________ vegetables not nourished by chemical fertilizers. [单选题] *A) haveB) include(正确答案)C) removeD) contain2. The staff in the kitchen has ________ the message that a customer wanted a special dish. [单选题] *A) received(正确答案)B) orderedC) pointedD) accepted3. You need to place the carton of fries with the McDonald’s name ________the customer.[单选题] *A) to faceB) faceC) facing(正确答案)D) faced4. Hourly output by workers ______ 1.3% in the first quarter. [单选题] *A) declined(正确答案)B) felledC) slowedD) reduced5. On ______, my mother earns 5000 yuan a month. [单选题] *A) totalB) average(正确答案)C) wholeD) balance6. The boy acted ________ he didn’t know me. [单选题] *A. so thatB. such asC. as if(正确答案)D. as soon7. The ______ between rich and poor is getting bigger and bigger in some places. [单选题] *A) differenceB) gap(正确答案)C) variationD) hole8. There are good opportunities to learn skills ________ the job. [单选题] *A) inB) aboveC) atD) on(正确答案)9. Each key on the board is ________ a different type of function. [单选题] *A) asB) for(正确答案)C) toD) with10. We became friends quite ________ accident. [单选题] *A) inB) out ofC) atD) by(正确答案)11. Hardly had I got to the cinema ________ the film began. [单选题] *A) when(正确答案)B) beforeC) afterD) then12. The country is suffering from a ________ of food. [单选题] *A) povertyB) zeroC) lackingD) shortage(正确答案)13. Do you think the film is worth ________? [单选题] *A) seeB) seeing(正确答案)C) to seeD) seen14. When it comes to ________, I’m best at preparing fish. [单选题] *A) cookerB) cookedC) cooking(正确答案)D) cook15. ________ a sense, he may be right to say that. [单选题] *A) ForB) In(正确答案)C) AtD) Without16. The food price is very frustrating. [单选题] *A) rising(正确答案)B) riseC) risen17. The teacher was by what the student said. [单选题] *A) confusingB) confused(正确答案)C) confusion18. His father is an eye . [单选题] *A) specializeB) specialC) specialist(正确答案)19. I’ve had no to my letter. [单选题] *A) responsiveB) respondC) response(正确答案)20. The government did its best to encourage . [单选题] *A) investment(正确答案)B) investC) investor21. My sister is in charge of the of births. [单选题] *A) registration(正确答案)B) registerC) registered22. The police found out about the deaths of the three men . [单选题] *A) accidentalB) accidentally(正确答案)C) accident23. If you want to go to the concert, you’ll have to make a , or there will be no tickets. [单选题] *A) reserveB) reservedC) reservation(正确答案)24. We put up pictures and other in the classroom. [单选题] *A) decoratesB) decorativeC) decorations(正确答案)25. His mother has a great from her injury. [单选题] *A) recovery(正确答案)B) recoveredC) recover26. The government required that the factory be closed to make sure that thetourist attraction would not be polluted.[单选题] *A) 政府要求关闭那个景点以确保游客不受伤害。
全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试英语阅读(一)试题课程代码：00595请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上I. CAREFUL READINGRead the following passages carefully. Decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points, 2 points each)Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.People have thought very differently about children in different historical eras. In ancient Rome and throughout the Middle Ages, for example, childhood was brief: A boy or girl was considered an “infant” until the age of six, but soon afterward worked alongside adults in the fields, in the workshops, or at home. Children were thought to be born in a state of sin and were viewed as the property of their fathers. Such beliefs contributed to strict discipline of children and neglect of their special needs.These harsh attitudes softened during the Renaissance and Enlightenment as the humanistic spirit of the times caused a rediscovery of the special qualities of childhood. In paintings, for example, young children were depicted as playing and doing other childish things, rather than being shown as miniature adults. The importance of childhood as a unique period of development was understood more fully in the 17th and 18th centuries, as reflected in the writings of two important European thinkers: the English philosopher John Locke and the French philosopher Jean Jacques Rousseau. John Locke argued that the newborn infant comes into the world with no inherited predispositions (天性), but rather with a mind as a “blank slate” t hat is gradually filled with ideas, concepts, and knowledge from experiences in the world. He concluded that the quality of early experiences, particularly how children are raised and educated, shapes the direction of a child’s life. Later, Jean Jacques Rousseau claimed that children at birth are innately good rather than evil, and that their natural tendencies should be protected against the corrupting influences of society. Rousseau’s attitude had an important influence on society, and inspired，for example，the novelists Charles Dickens and Victor Hugo，who decried(揭露)the exploitation of child labor and highlighted the need for educational and social reform．1．It can be inferred that children in the Middle Ages ______．A．were mistreated and exploitedB．were generally regarded as miniature adultsC．did not observe the institutional disciplinesD．did not start their childhood until the age of six2．The author cites the example the two European thinkers’ writings to show that ______.A．children’s behavior was described as adult-likeB．children’s innocence and playfulness were neglectedC．childhood was revealed as a period of independenceD．childhood was revealed as a unique period of development3．The 2nd paragraph is developed by ______．A．example B．definitionC．comparison D．cause and effect4．The central argument made by John Locke is that ______．A．children’s future development depends on their genetic backgroundB．children’s upbringing and early education may shape their future lifeC．children’s character f ormation is largely influenced by their parentsD．the proper way of upbringing is to keep children away from society5．At the end of the passage，the two novelists are mentioned to emphasize ______.A．the call for educational and social reformB．the importa nce of children’s school educationC．th e influence of Rousseau’s attitude toward childrenD．the potential negative influences of society on childrenPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage．If ambition is to be well regarded，the rewa rds of ambition must be worthy of the sacrifices on ambition’s behalf. If the tradition of ambition is to have vitality, it should be widely shared，and it especially must be highly regarded by such people as the educated．who are themselves admired．However it is the educated who have claimed to have given up ambition as an ideal．What is odd is that they have perhaps benefited most from ambition，though the ambition may be more that of their parents and grandparents than of their own．Certainly, people do not seem less interested in success now than formerly．In fact，the signs of success such as summer homes，European travel and BMWs have never ceased to be sought after．What has happened is that people cannot confess fully to their dreams，as easily and openly as once they could，lest they be thought to be aggressive，materialistic or vulgar．Instead，what has often confused us are those fine hypocritical spectacles：the critic of American materialism in possession of a Southampton summer home；the publisher of radical books who takes his meals every day in five-star restaurants；the journalist promoting participatory democracy in all phases of life，who sends his own children to expensive private schools．For such people and many more perhaps not so exceptional，the motto is，“Succeed at all costs but avoid appearing ambitious．’’Ambition has been attacked from various angles；its public defenders are few and unimpressive，though they are not extremely unattractive．As a result，the support for ambition as a healthy impulse，a quality to be admired by the young，is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States．This does not mean, however，that people are no longer ambition-driven，but only that，no longer openly honored，ambition has become something smartly concealed．6．According to the passage，in order to keep the vitality of the tradition of ambition the successful people themselves must ______．A．highly value it B．make some sacrificesC．benefit from it D．make some contributions7．Such items as summer homes，European travel and BMWs are listed to prove that ______．A．these items are commonly used to measure successB．these items are openly honored and admired by the publicC．people are as interested in success as they have ever beenD．people are more motivated to seek after these items than before8．People tend not to make their ambitions fully known ______．A．to avoid appearing professionally orientedB．to avoid appearing snobbish and sophisticatedC．for fear that they might end up in failure or disappointmentD．for fear that they might be considered as distasteful and greedy9．The critic，the publisher and the journalist are mentioned in the 2nd paragraph to show that they are ______. A．selfish B．corruptedC．hypocritical D．materialistic10．The author’s attitud e towards ambition as all ideal is ______．A．satirical B．negativeC．appreciative D．unbiasedPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage．Postage stamps are labels affixed to letters or parcels to indicate that a specified amount of postage has been prepaid for delivery．Stamps are usually issued by a government or an agency representing a government，such as a national post office．The collecting and study of postage stamps and related items such as postcards is known as philately, a word derived from Greek meaning，literally, “love of what is free of further tax．’’Stamp collecting is one of the most popular hobbies in the world．From the earliest years of the hobby，most philatelists have preferred to collect stamps by country，specializing in the issues of one or more nations．Since about the mid-1950s，however, many philatelists have become interested in topical collecting，acquiring stamps illustrating certain themes or subjects．Among the wide range of pictorials are stamps devoted to sports，art and music，aviation，birds and flowers，and telecommunications．One of the attractions of stamp collecting is the ease of starting a collection．With access to enough incoming mail，especially from abroad，a person call build a collection without any expense．Literally tens of thousands of stamps，however, including many of the older issues，are priced very cheaply．Little special equipment is required．A collector needs only an album to house the collection and a pair of stamp tongs with which to handle them．Stamps and accessories can be purchased easily．Nearly every city has one or more professional stamp dealers．Thousands of other dealers operate exclusively by mail or on the Internet．When collectors have accumulated a number of valuable stamps，they must take precautions for safe storage，preferably in a bank safety deposit box．If the stamps are in mint(崭新的)condition，they should not be overlapped；throughchanges in humidity, overlapping stamps may stick together and become seriously damaged．Collectors also should keep accurate written inventories of all their philatelic material．11．In the 1st paragraph，“philately” is a term dealing with ______．A．postage delivery B．postage taxing and pricingC．a study of postage items D．a study of postcard collecting12．According to the passage，stamps can be classified ______．A．by face value B．by issueC．chronologically D．thematically13．One of the charms of stamp collecting is that it can be started ______．A．without any technical meansB．without too much time spentC．without too much space neededD．without necessarily big investment14．According to the passage，the new stamps should avoid ______．A．humidity B．burglaryC．being duplicated D．being catalogued15．The writer’s suggestion made in the last paragraph is basically ______．A．misleading B．impracticalC．ambiguous D．operationalPassage 4Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage．A number of different aspects of life can influence mental health．In a mid-1970s study of people living in the United States，researchers identified critical areas that influence one’s mental health．These areas are working life，family life，and the social role that one occupies in the community．Negative experiences in these areas，such as an unreasonable boss or a turbulent family life，can reduce one’s overall sense of well-being．Another important influence on mental health is stress．In general，people experience stress when the demands placed on them exceed the resources they have available to meet those demands．Significant sources of stress include major life events，such as divorce，death of a spouse，loss of a job，and illness in the family．These events can overwhelm a person’s ability to cope and function effectively. In addition，one source of stress may lead to another, as when financial hardship follows job loss．People who experience unusually traumatic events，such as rape and natural disasters，may develop post-traumatic stress disorder．People may experience chronic stress when confronted with a continuing set of demands that reduce their ability to function．Examples of such demands include working long hours under difficult circumstances and caring for a chronically ill relative．Economic hardship，unemployment，and poverty can also produce chronic stress and undermine mental health．Some studies suggest that genetic factors may partly determine one’s level of happiness and mental health．People seem to display a characteristic level of well-being，with some people usually feeling happy and others typically feeling sad orunhappy．Researchers have found that although people’s moods change in response to both positive and negative events，the effect wears off over time．For example，people who win the lottery or receive an unexpected promotion may feel happier at first，but over time they return to their former characteristic level of mental health．Research suggests that one’s genetic background—that is，the genes inherited from one’s parents—explains more than half of the differences in people’s characteristic mood levels．Genes may also partly determine the range of ups and downs that people feel，including whether people have large mood swings or remain stable from day to day．16．According to the passage，the major factors that may reduce one’s sense of psychological well-being include all the following EXCEPT ______·A．unstable marriage B．genetic heritageC．bad-tempered managers D．lower social status17．People experience stress when ______．A．they have no accessible financial resourcesB．they have no social resources at their disposalC．they feel it hard to shirk family responsibilityD．they have to go beyond their ability to get a job done18．Chronic stress may result from ______．A．death of a spouse B．lottery purchasesC．long-time hard work D．failure to be promoted19．From the last paragraph，it can be inferred that ______.A．people’s moods are sometimes unstableB．people cannot escape from negative eventsC．Success may produce a long-term effect on people’s mental healthD．parents are partly responsible f or their children’s distinctive moods20．According to the passage，people’s characteristic mood levels may be affected ______．A．physically B．biologicallyC．gradually D．abruptlyⅡ．SPEED READINGSkim or scan the following passages, and then decide on the best answer and write the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points, 1 point each)Passage 5Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage．Early in World War II，the representatives of nine European governments fled to London．Nazi Germany had conquered much of Europe and had driven these leaders from their homelands．Representatives of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth nations met in London with the leaders of nine European nations．On June 1 2，1 94 1，all these nations signed a declaration pledging to work for a free world，where people could live in peace and security．This pledge，usually called the Inter-Allied Declaration, was the first step toward building the UN．On October 30，l 943，representatives of the United Kingdom，China，the Soviet Union, and the United States signed the Moscow Declaration on General Security．This declaration approved the idea of establishing an international organization for preserving world peace．From August to October 1944，representatives of the United Kingdom，China，the Soviet Union，and the United States held a series of meetings at the Dumbarton Oaks estate in Washington D．C．The four nations succeeded in drawing up a basic plan，though they could not agree on some important questions．The plan’s main feature Was a Security Council on which the United Kingdom，China, France，the Soviet Union, and the United States would be permanently represented．In February 1945，Roosevelt, Churchill，and Stalin met at Yalta in the Crimea．The three leaders announced that a conference of United Nations would open in San Francisco on April 25，1945．This conference would use the plan worked out at the Dumbarton Oaks Conference to help prepare a charter for the UN．Delegates from 50 nations met in San Francisco for the United Nations Conference on International Organization．The conference opened on April 25, 1945，13 days after the death of Roosevelt and 12 days before the surrender of Germany．Victory over Japan Was still four months away．At the conference，some major disagreements arose between the Big Three (the United Kingdom，the Soviet Union，and the United States)and the smaller, less powerful nations．The Big Three believed they could guarantee future peace only if they continued to cooperate as they had during the war．They insisted that the Charter of the United Nations should give them the power to veto actions of the Security Council．The smaller nations opposed the veto power but failed to defeat it．On June 26，1945，all 50 nations present at the conference voted to accept the charter. Poland had been unable to attend but 1ater signed the charter as an original member．The charter then had to be approved by the governments of the five permanent members of the Security Council and of a majority of the other nations that signed it．It went into effect on October 24，1945，a date celebrated every year as United Nations Day．21．The passage is mainly concerned with ______．A．how the Security Council was builtB．how the UN Charter went into effectC．the founding of the United NationsD．some major disagreements in the UN conferences22．The Moscow Declaration was signed by ______．A．3 nations B．4 nationsC．9 nations D．50 nations23．At the Dumbarton Oaks Conference．it was agreed that the permanently represented nations at the Security Council were ______．A．the Soviet Union，the UK，the US，and ChinaB．the Soviet Union，the UK，the US，China，and FranceC．the Soviet Union，the UK，the US，China, and PolandD．the Soviet Union，the UK，the US，Germany, and Japan24．The issue of veto power was heatedly discussed at the conference held in ______.A．Yalta B．MoscowC．Washington D．C．D．San Francisco25．The UN Charter was officially effective on ______．A．June 12，1945 B．April 25, 1945C．June 26，1945 D．October 24，1945Passage 6Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage．A fellow speaker from California named Geri was excited about her first speech in Japan．To be comfortable on her long flight to Tokyo，she put on her favorite designer jeans and a casual jacket．Fourteen hours later, four perfectly dressed Japanese gentlemen greeted her at Narita Airport．Smiling and bowing low, they handed her their business cards．With her carry-on bag in one hand，Geri took their cards with the other．She thanked them，glanced briefly at the cards，and packed them safely into her back pocket．She then gave them her card．When the five of them arrived at the hotel，they invited Geri to tea in the lobby．While sipping tea，the gentlemen presented her with a small gift which she eagerly opened．O ne of Geri’s most charming qualities is her instinctive warmth．She was thrilled with the gift and，in typical Geri style，she squealed，“Oh，it’s beautiful!” as she gave each of the gentlemen a little hug．At this point，the four Japanese gentlemen stood up in union and，bowing only very slightly, mumbled “Sayonara” and promptly left．Poor Geri was left stunned．What did she do wrong?Everything! Her jeans was the first gaffe．Even if you’re coming off a bicycle in Japan，you do not meet c1ients casually dressed．The second mistake was Geri’s vulgar handling of their business cards．In Japan，the business card is one of the most important protocol tools．It is always presented and accepted respectfully with both hands．However, Geri put their cards away much too quickly．In Japan，people use business cards as a conversation starter．You chat about each o ther’s cards and work and do not put theirs away until they gently and respectfully place yours in safekeeping．Shoving it into her jeans pocket was the ultimate disrespect．Then，the fourth horror of horrors was that Geri should not have opened the gift in front of her clients．In a 1and where saving face is critical，it would be embarrassing to discover the gift they gave was not as nice as the one they received．What is worse，Geri hadn’t even given them a gift !26．The four Japanese businessmen invited Geri to tea ______．A．in the hotel lobby B．in a hotel roomC．at a businessmen’s office D．at the airport lounge27．The word “gaffe” in the 4th paragraph can be replaced by ______．A．disrespect B．mistakeC．mischief D．protocol28．According to the passage，the Japanese consider it ______．A．an honor to be given a hug by a ladyB．ill-mannered to say good-bye humblyC．impolite to open a gift in front of the giverD．unnecessary for a lady to be properly dressed29．The third mistake Geri made was that she ______．A．met her clients casually dressedB．took her clients’ cards with one handC．kept her clients’ cards in a wrong placeD．used her own card as a conversation starter30．Geri’s experiences tell us about ______．A．differences in the handling of business cardsB．differences in the tastes and styles of fashionC．gender differences in business communicationD．cultural differences in business communicationIII．DISCOURSE CLOZEThe following is taken from the textbook．Read the passage and fill in the numbered spaces(there are more suggested answers than necessary)．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points,1 point each) To avoid the various foolish opinions to which mankind are prone，no superhuman genius is required．A few simple rules will keep you，not from all error, but from silly error．If the matter is one that can be settled by observation，make the observation yourself．Aristotle could have avoided the mistake of thinking that(31)______，by the simple device of asking Mrs. Aristotle to keep her mouth open while he counted．I believe myself that hedgehogs eat black beetles，because(32) ______；but if I were writing a book on the habits of hedgehogs，I should not commit myself until(33) ______．Aristotle，however, was less cautious．Ancient and medieval authors knew all about unicorns and salamanders；not one of them thought it necessary to avoid dogmatic statements about them because(34) ______.Many matters，however, are less easily brought to the test of experience．If, like most of mankind，(35) ______ there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own bias．If an opinion contrary to your own makes you angry, that is a sign that(36) ______．If some one maintains that two and two are five，or that Iceland is on the equator, you feel pity rather than anger, unless (37) ______ that his opinion shakes your own contrary conviction．The most savage controversies are those about matters as to which there is no good evidence either way．Persecution is used in theology, not in arithmetic，because (38) ______, but in theology there is only opinion．So whenever you find yourself getting angry about a difference of opinion，(39) ______；you will probably find，on examination，that (40) ______．It is a good way of riding yourself of certain kinds of biased opinions to become aware of those different from your own．(From How to Avoid the Foolish Opinions)[A] I have been told that they do[B] be on your guard[C] he had never seen one of them[D] I had seen one enjoying this unappetizing diet[E] you are subconsciously aware of having no good reason for thinking as you do[F] man is a brief episode in the life of a small planet in a little comer of the universe[G] you know so little of arithmetic or geography[H] the question is one to which there is no demonstrably right answer[I] women have fewer teeth than men[J] your belief is going beyond what the evidence warrants[K] in arithmetic there is knowledge[L] you have passionate convictions on many such mattersIV．WORD FORMATIONSComplete each of the following sentences with the proper form of the word in the bracket．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points,1 point each)41．(tight) I used my thumbnail to ______ the screw on my lamp．42．(accept) There was a general ______ that the defense budget would shrink．43．(suspicion) The singer was rightly ______ of meeting me until I reassured him I was notwriting about him．44．(time) T he recent outbreaks of the flu are a ______ reminder that this disease is still a serious health hazard．45．(rich) Overseas students from a wide range of countries provide the opportunity toexchange ideas and experiences，and ______ the intellectual and social lifeof the schoo1．46．(reason) The Industrial Revolution brought some relief to the city poor in the form of______ well-built rows of small houses for laborers，especially in England．47．(write) Unlike other belief systems，Greek culture recognized no single truth or codeand produced no sacred，______ text like the Bible．48．(experienced) Men appear to shop differently from women simply because they’re men，rather than because they’re ______ shoppers．49．(involve) Evidence of practical ______ in the subject is required and is normallydetermined by the submission of a portfolio of work at interview．50．(similar) There is a strong ______ between a computer virus and a biological virus．V．GAP FILLINGThe following is taken from the textbook．Fill in the numbered gaps with the correct form of the words or phrases inANSWER SHEET．(10 points, 1 point each)On the north side of Trafalgar, famous for its Admiral Nelson，its fountains and its hordes of pigeons，there stands a long，low building in classic style．This is the National Gallery, (51) ______ contains Britain’s best-known collection of pictures. The collection was(52) ______ in 1824，with the purchase of thirty-eight pictures that(53) ______ Horgarth’s satirical series and Titian’s“Venus and Adonis”．The National Gallery is rich (54) ______ paintings by Italian masters such as Raphael and Veronese，and it contains pictures representative of all European schools of art．Many visitors are especially attracted to Leonardo da Vinci’s “Virgin of the Rocks”．On sunny days，students and (55) ______ young people are often to be seen (56) ______ a sandwich lunch on the portico (门廊) of the Gallery overlooking Trafalgar Square．(57) ______ to the Gallery is free，as is the case (58) ______ other British national galleries and museums，which are maintained by money voted by Parliament．Bequests of pictures have been made to the galleries，at times (59) ______ a generous scale，by private individuals.Just behind the National Gallery stands the National Portrait Gallery, in which the visitors can see portraits of British monarchs (60) ______ the reign of Richards II (1377-1399)，and of historical celebrities such as Chaucer, Shakespeare，and Cromwell．Many of the pictures are by well-known artists.(From London Art Gallery) VI．SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONSThe following questions are based on Passage Four in this test paper．Reed the passage carefully again and answer the questions briefly by referring back to Passage Four．Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points, 5 points each)61．According to the first paragraph，what are the major aspects of life that may influence one’s psychological well-being? 62．According to the last paragraph，why do people display different levels of mental health?VII．TRANSLATIONThe following excerpt is taken from the textbook．Read the paragraphs carefully and translate into Chinese each of the numbered and underlined parts．Write your answers 0n the ANSWER SHEET．(10 points, 2 points each) Unlike most of the other non-foolish holidays，the history of April Fool’s Day, sometimes called All Fool’s Day, is not totally dear．(63)There really wasn’t a “First April Fool’s Day” that can be pinpointed on the calendar. (64) Some believe it sort of evolved simultaneously in several cultures at the same time, from celebrations involving the first day of spring.The closest point in time that can be identified as the beginning of this tradition was in 1582, in France. (65) Prior to that year, the new year was celebrated for eight days, beginning on March 25. The celebration culminated on April 1. With the reform of the calendar under Charles IX, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, and New Year’s Day was moved to January 1.(66) However, communications being what they were in the days when news traveled by foot, many people did not receive the news for several years. (67) Others, the more obstinate crowd, refused to accept the new calendar and continued to celebrate the new year on April 1. These backward folk were labeled as “fools”by the general populace. They were subject to some ridicule, and were often sent on “fools errands” or were made the butt (笑柄) of other practical jokes.(From April Fool’s Day)。
