给排水外文翻译
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1】Professional English on Water Supply and Sewerage Engineering 给水排水工程专业英语drains for water-carried wastes 污水处理(排污水的排水管道)a settling reservoir 预沉池aqueduct 渠道,导水管filtration 过滤distillation 蒸馏clarification 澄清coagulation血凝stone-grated 格栅、格网turbidity 浊度cistern 蓄水池、槽gpcd 每日每人加仑数coagulant 混凝剂combined sewers 合流制排水管道prehistoric word 石器时代rapid-sand filter 快砂滤池water supply and wastewater disposal facilities给排水处理设施per capita 按人口平均计算ferment 发酵toxic 有毒的These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).这些贮水池仅能提供每人每天4.2加仑的水量The connection was established between a contaminated water supply and spread of the disease, and it was determined that the absence of effective sewerage was a major hindrance in combating the problem. 人们发现疾病的传播和饮用水受到污染有关,并由此确定缺少有效的排水系统是解决这一问题的主要障碍。
2】The exterior network 室外管网distribution systems 配水系统communication pipe引入管 a meter box 水表节点/盒pressure booster增压装置storage tank 储水箱 a piping line管道water-dispensing fixtures配水器具water meter 水表flange 法兰;阀门gate valve 闸阀deaerator除氧器incorporate 合并fixture trap 存水弯plumbing fixture 卫生器具manhole 检查井fire-protection 消防The function of a drainage system in a building is to remove safely and quickly sanitary sewage, industrial wastes, and rainwater.室内排水系统的作用是为了安全快速地排出生活污水、工业废水和雨水。
《给水排水专业英语》Lesson 1specific yield [spə'sifik] [ji:ld] 单位产水量mass curve 累积曲线capital investment 投资recurring natural event ['nætʃərəl] 重现历史事件subterranean [sʌbtə'reiniən] 地下的groundwater 地下水surface water 地表水tap [tæp]开关、龙头;在…上开空(导出液体)swampland ['swɔmplænd] n. 沼泽地;沼泽地带capillary [kə'piləri] n. 毛细管adj. 毛状的,毛细管的hygro- [词头] 湿(气),液体hygroscopic [,haigrəu'skɔpik] adj. 易湿的,吸湿的hygroscopic moisture 吸湿水stratum ['streitəm] n. [地质学]地层,[生物学](组织的)层aquifer ['ækwəfə] ['ækwifə] n.含水层,地下蓄水层saturation [,sætʃə'reiʃən] n.饱和(状态),浸润,浸透,饱和度hydrostatic [,haidrəu'stætik] adj. 静水力学的, 流体静力学的hydrostatic pressure 静水压力water table 1. 地下水位,地下水面,潜水面2. 【建筑学】泻水台;承雨线脚;飞檐;马路边沟[亦作water-table]Phreatic surface [fri(:)'ætik]地下水(静止)水位,浅层地下水面Superficial [sju:pə'fiʃəl] adj. 表面的,表观的,浅薄的Porosity [pɔ:'rɔsiti] n. 多孔性,有孔性,孔隙率Unconfined ['ʌnkən'faind] adj. 无约束的,无限制的Permeability [,pə:miə'biliti] n. 弥漫, 渗透, 渗透性Permeameter [pə:mi'æmitə] n.渗透仪,渗透性试验仪)Clay [klei] n. 粘土,泥土gravel ['ɡrævəl]n.[总称]砾,沙砾,小石;砾石cone of depression [kəun] 下降漏斗, [水文学]下降锥体drawdown ['drɔ:daun] n. 水位下降(降落,消耗,减少)integrate ['intigreit] 【数学】作积分运算;求积分observation well [,əbzə:'veiʃən] 观测井,观测孔extraction [ik'strækʃən] n. 抽出,取出,提取(法),萃取(法)derivation [deri'veiʃən] n. 1. 导出,引(伸)出,来历,出处,得出,得到;诱导,推论,推理;溯源【数学】1) (定理的)求导,推导2) 微商,微分,导数【语言】词源,衍生deplete [di'pli:t] v. 耗尽, 使...衰竭refuse [ri'fju:z] n. 废物,垃圾vt. 拒绝,谢绝dump [dʌmp] n. 垃圾场,垃圾堆,堆存处vt. 倾卸,倾倒(垃圾)unconfined aquifer 潜水含水层,非承压含水层,无压含水层confined aquifer 自流含水层,承压含水层homogeneous [,hɔməu'dʒi:njəs] adj. 同类的,相似的,均匀的,均相的;同种类的,同性质的;相同特征的Aquaclude 不透水层,难渗透水的地层Offset ['ɔ:fset] n.偏移量抵销,弥补,分支,胶印,平版印刷,支管,乙字管Vt. 弥补,抵销,用平版印刷vi. 偏移,形成分支sophisticated [sə'fistikeitid] adj. 复杂的,需要专门技术的;诡辩的,久经世故的equilibrium [,i:kwi'libriəm] n. 平衡,均衡Water Supply(给水工程)A supply of water is critical to the survival of life, as we know it.(众所周知,水对生命的生存至关重要。
History of Water SupplyMan’s search for pure water began in prehistoric times. Much of his earliest activity is subject to speculation. Some individuals might have led water where they wanted it through trenches dug in the earth, a hollow log was perhaps used as the first water pipe. Thousands of years must have passed before our more recent ancestors learned to build cities and enjoy the convenience of water pipes to the home and drains for water-carried wastes. Our earliest archeological records of central water supply and wastewater disposal date back about 5000 years, to Nippur of Sumeria. In the ruins of Nippur there is an arched drain with the stones set in full "voussoir" position, each stone being a wedge tapering downward into place. Water was drawn from wells and cisterns.An extensive system of drainage conveyed the wastes from the palaces and residential districts of the city.The earliest recorded knowledge of water treatment is in the Sanskrit medical lore and Egyptian Wall inscri ptions. Sanskrit writings dating about 2000 B.C. tell how to purify foul water by boiling in copper vessels,exposing to sunlight, filtering through charcoal, and cooling in an earthen vessel.The earliest known apparatus for clarifying liquids was pictureed on Egyptian walls in the fifteenth and thirteenth centuries B.C. The first picture represents the siphoning of either water of settled wine. A second picture shows the use of wick siphons in an Egyptian kitchen.The first engineering report on water supply and treatment was made in A.D. 98 by Sextus Julius Frontinus, water-commissioner of Rome. He produced two books on the water supply of Rome. In these he described a settling reservoir at the head of one of the aqueducts. His writings were first translated into English by the noted hydraulic engineer Clemens Herschel in 1899.In the eight century A.D. an Arabian alchemist,Geber,wrote a rather specialized treatise on distillation that included various stills for water and other liquids.The English philosopher Sir Francis Bacon wrote of his experiments on the purification of water by filtration, boiling, distillation and clarification by coagulation. This was published in 1627, one year after his death. Bacon also noted that clarifying water trends to improve health and increase the "pleasure of the eye".The first known illutrated descri ption of sand filters was published in 1685 by Luc Antonio Porzio, an Italian physician. He wrote a book on conserving the health of soldier in camps, based on his experience in the Austro-Turkish War. This was probably the earliest published work on mass sanitation.He described and illustrated the use of sand filters and sedimentation. Porzio also stated that his filtration was the same as "by those who built the wells in the Palace of the Doges in Venice and in the palace of Cardinal Sachett,at Rome."The oldest known archeological examples of water filtration are in Venice and the colonies she occupied. The ornate heads on the cisterns bear dates,but it is not known when the filters were placed.Venice,Built on a Series of islands, depended on catching and storing rainwater for its principal freshwater supply for over 1300 years. Cisterns were built andmany were connected in stone-grated catch basins and then filtered through sand into cisterns.A comprehensive article on the water supply of Venice appeared in the Practical Mechanics Journal in 1863.The land area of Venice was 12.85 acres and the average yearly rainfall was 32 inches(in). Nearly all of this rainfall was collected in 177 public and 1900 private cisterns. These cisterns provided a daily average supply of about 4.2 gallons per capita per day(gpcd).This low consumption was due in part to the absence of sewers, the practice of washing clothes in the lagoon,and the universal drinking of wine. These cisterns continued to be the principal water supply of Venice until about the sixteenth century.Many experiments were conducted in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in England,France Germany,and Russia.Henry Darcy patented filters in france and England in 1865 and anticipated all aspects of the American rapid sand filter except coagulatin.He appears to be the first to apply the law of hydraulics to filter design.The first filter to supply water to a whole town was completed at Paisley,Scotland,in 1804,but this water was carted to consumers. In Glasgow, Scotland,in 1807 filtered water was piped to consumers.In the United States little attention was given to water treatment until after the Civil War. Turbidity was not as urgent a problem as in Europe. The first filters were of the slow sand type,similar to British design. About 1890 rapid sand filters were developed in the United States and coagulants were introduced to increase their efficency. These filters soon evolved to our present rapid sand filters with slight modification.历史上的水供应人类对纯净水的搜寻开始于史前时代。
给排水专业英语汇总废水处理 wastewater disposal 合流制 combined sewers UNIT 1给水工程 water supply engineering 受纳水体 receiving waters 分流制separate sewers排水工程 sewetage engineering 污染 pollution pollute 建筑排水系统building drainage system市政工程 civil engineering 污染物 pollntant 卫生洁具 plumbing fixtures市政工程师 civil engineer 玷污、污染 contamination 卫浴设备 bathroom fixtures环境工程 environmental engineering 致污物 contaminant 输水系统 water transmission system水文学 hydrology 未污染 uncontaminated 漏水率 leakage rate水力学 hydranlies 水污染 water pollution 配水系统 water distribution system水环境 natural aquatic environment 水污染控制 water pollutioncontrol 环状管网 grid system流域 watershed 水污染防治 water pollution prevention 支状管网branching system水体 waterbody 污水回用 wastewater reuse 下水管道 sanitary sewer 地表水 surface water 污水节流管 intercepting sewer UNIT 2新鲜水 freshwater 水短缺 water scarcity 污水节流系统 intercepting sewer system地下水 groundwater 地表水资源 surface water resource 污水节流井sewage intercepting cell含水层 aquifer 管网 Pipe Network 支管 collection sewer collector sewer天然含水层 natural aquifer 供水系统 water supply system 生活污水sanitary sewage地下含水层 underground aquifer 市政配水系统 municipal distribution system domestic sewage水文循环 natural hydrologic cycle 建筑给水系统house water supply system domestic wastewater渗滤 infiltration 分区供水系统 dual distribution system 工业污水industrial wastewater降水 precipitation 小区 micro district 工业污水/液/物 industrial wastes渗入 precolation 小社区 small community 农业用水 agricultural wastewater/wastes蒸发 evaporation 冷水供水系统 cold water supply system 雨水rainwater stormwater蒸腾 transpiration 热水供水系统 hot water supply system 水位waterlevel城市水文循环 urban hydrologic cycle 消防系统 fire protection system 海拔、标高 elevation水源 water source 坡度 grade 喷淋系统 fire protection sprinkler system水资源 water resource 自动水幕系统 automatic drencher system 倾斜度slope取水 water withdrawal 半自动水幕系统明渠 Open channel水处理 water treatment 开挖 excavation semi automatic drencher system配水 water distribution 消火栓 hydrant 深度 excavation depth用水 water use 排水系统 drainage system 水力分析 hydraulic analysis 污水 wastewater 生活排水系统 sanitary system 水头 pressure head废水 abwasser 工业排水系统 industrial system 总水头 total head废水收集 wastewater collection 雨水排水系统 stormwater system Unit 3 水头损失 Head loss 水源 Water sources 审美 Esthetic速度头动压头 Velocity head 味 Taste供水水源 Water supples静压 Static head 原水 Raw water 嗅 Odo摩擦水头 Friction head 未处理水 Untreated water 色 Colour水力坡度线 Hydranlic grade line 出水 Finished water 变色Discolouration 重力流 Gravity flow 原水水质 Raw-water quality 变色Discolor水塔 Water castle 水质标准 Water quality standards 水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 贮水箱 Cistern 水质要求 Water quality requirements 水的物理性质 Physical quality of water 泵站 Pump station 饮用水 Drink water\potable water 浊度值 Turbidity values 给水泵站 Water pump station 自来水 Tap water 浊度单位 Turdidity unit 污水泵站Sewage station 纯水 Pure water 浑浊单位 Turdid提升泵站 Lift pumping plant 嗅阈值 Threshold odor number 饮用水标准Drinking water standards增压泵 Booster pump 化学性质 Chemical quality 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards离心泵 Centrifugal pump 最大允许浓度 Maxmum permissible levels 水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 潜水泵 Submer sible pump 溶解氧 Dissolved oxygen (DO) maxmum allowable levels潜水艇 Submerine 最大污染物浓度 Maxmum contaminant levels 溶解氧浓度Do level深井泵 Well pump 主要污染物 Primary contaminants 溶解氧平衡 Do balance虹吸虹吸管 Siphon 有机化合物 Organic chemicals 氧损 Oxygen depletion 人孔 Manhole 合成有机化合物 Synthetic organic chemicals 有机污染物 Organic pollutant 法兰 Flange 挥发性有机化合物 Volatile organic ohemicals 生化需氧量 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 阀门 Valve 无机化合物 Inorganic chemical 总氮 Total nitrogen (TN) 闸阀 Gate valve 微生物Micro organisms\microbes 总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) 微生物污染 Microbial contaminants 悬浮固体 Suspended solids (SS) 泵送系统 Pumping system流量 Flow rate 病原微生物 Pathogenic micro organisms 总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)病原体 Pathogenic 溶解 D流速 Fluid velocity issolved (DS)层流 Laminar flow 病毒 Pathogenic bacterin 总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) 滞流粘性流 viscous flow 细菌 Bacteria Unit 4大肠杆菌 Coliform bacteria 过渡流 Transitional flow 溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese 湍流 Turbulent flow 病毒 Viruses 硬度Hardness藻类 Algae 紊流 Turbulence flow 碱度 Alkalinity涡流 Eddying flow 浊度 Turbidity 盐度 Salinity雷诺数 Teynolds number 放射性 Radionuclide 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials感官性状 Esthetic qualities 水质 Water guality 氰化物 Cyanides急性毒性 Acute toxity 处理水 Treated wastes 砂 Grit慢性毒性 Chronic toxity 回用水 Redaimed water 沙 Sand基因毒性 Genetic toxicity 水处理过程 Water processing 除砂 Grit removal 基因 Gene 收集 Collect 沉砂池 Grit chamber 难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 处置 Dispose 沉淀 Settling永久性有机污染物 Persistent organic pollutants 处理方法 Treatment method 沉淀池 Settling tank 致癌化学性 Carcinogenic chemicals 处理费用Treatment costs 澄清池 Clarifier 三卤甲烷 Trihalo methanes 处理单元Treatment process 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 卤素 Halogen 运行模式Operational mode 初沉池 Primary settling tank 甲基 Methyl 间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach 一级出水 Primary effluent 氯仿 Trichloromethane 均匀均化 Equalization 二级处理 Secondary treatment 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 均匀 Equalize 二级处理工艺 Secondary treatment process 杀虫剂农药Pesticide 调蓄水池 Equalization storage 生物处理 Biological treatment 害虫 Pest 调节池 Equalization tank 二澄清池 Secondary clarifier 杀虫剂Insecticide 蓄水池二沉池 Secondary settling tank Storage tank除草剂 Herbicide 降解 Degrade 最终澄清池 Final clarifier 杀菌剂Germicide 分解 Decompose 最终沉淀池 Final settling tank 细菌 Germ 分离Separate 二级出水 Secondary effluent 防腐剂 Preservative 隔离 Separation 三级处理 Tertiary treatment 保证 Preserve 物理法 Physical process 深度处理 Advanced treatment 清洗剂 Cleaning agent 物理处理 Physical treatment 废水消毒 Waste disinfection 洗涤剂 Detergent 物理处理过程 Physical treatment process 出流出水 Effluent flow允许浓度 Allowable levels 发泡剂 Foaming agent 一级处理 Primary treatment泡沫 Foam 初步处理 Preliminary treatment 优异出水 High-quality polished effluent格栅筛滤 Screening 废水处理厂 Wastewater treatment plant 化肥Fertilizer肥沃的 Fertile 格栅 Screen 污水处理厂 Sewage treatment plant 富营养化 Eutrophication 格栅 Bar screen 二级处理厂 Secondary treatment plant 城市污水处理营养的 Trophic 栅条 Bars营养水平 Trophic level 钢栅条 Steel bars Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程 Municipal engineering 生态位 Niche 渣耙 Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机 Circular grinder 土木工程 Civil engineering Unit 5原污水 Raw sewage 破碎 Grind 城市污水处理厂原废水 Raw wastes 除砂 Degritting Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力 Sewage treatment capacity 混合池 mixer tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 电容 Capacitance 快速混合池 flash-mix tank 排泥 sludge drawoff 污水处理设施 Municipal treatment facilities 絮凝器 n.flocculator sludge withdrawal 多反应器设施 Multi-reactor facility 絮凝池flocculation tank 预沉淀 n. presedimentation 处理池 Treatment tank 预沉淀池 presedimentation basin负荷 Load 固体接触池 solids-contact tank负荷 Loadings 澄清 n. clarification 3(过滤 n. filtration 水力负荷Hydrautic loading 滤池 n. filter v. clarify污染负荷 Pollutant load 澄清池 n. clarifier 慢滤池 slow filter 有机负荷 Organic load 高负荷澄清池 high rate clarifier 快滤池 rapid filter 无机负荷 Inorganic load 澄清水 clarifying water 高速(负荷)滤池 high rate filter 不含化肥、农药无机的 Unorganic 砂滤池 sand filter 周期性负荷 Periodic(intermitlent) loading 2(沉淀 n. sedimentation 慢砂滤池 slow sand filter 第五部分: 物化处理沉降 n. sedimentation 快砂滤池 rapid sand filter 1(混凝 n. coagulation 自由沉降 plain settling 重力滤池 gravity filter混凝过程 coagulation process 拥挤沉降 hindered settling 压力滤池pressure filter化学混凝 chemical coagulation 重力沉降 gravity settling 过滤介质,滤料 filter medium凝聚 n. aggregation 沉淀池 settling tank silica sand 石英砂絮凝 n. flocculation 沉淀池,沉降池 sedimentation tank 无烟煤 n. anthracite矩形沉淀池 rectangular settling tank 硅藻土 diatomaceous earth v. flocculate异向絮凝 perikinetic flocculation 圆形沉淀池 circular settling tank 煤—砂滤床 coal-sand beds同向絮凝 orthokinetic flocculation 管式沉淀池 tube settler 多层滤料multilayered media混凝剂 n. coagulant 斜管沉淀池 steeply inclined tube settler 混合滤料 mixed media混凝剂投量 coagulant dosage 板式沉淀池 parallel-plate settler 双层滤料滤池 dual media filter烧杯实验 jar test 双层滤池 two-layer filter 板式沉淀池 plate separator最佳混凝剂投量 optimum coagulant dosage 气浮 n. floatation 粗滤料coarse media助凝剂 coagulant aid 泡沫分离 foam separation 细滤料 fine media 助凝剂 flocculation aid 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation 助滤剂filter aid聚电解质 n. polyelectrolytes 气浮池 floatation tank 滤后水,滤出水filtered water快速混合 flash-mix , 表面撇渣装置 surface-skimming device 滤后水,滤池出水 filter effluent撇去 v. skim 滤前水,滤池进水 filter influent rapid-mix快速混合器 flash mixer , 浮渣 n. scum 浊度穿透 turbidity breakthrough浮渣槽 scum trough 过滤周期 filter cycle rapid mixer清洗周期 cleaning cycle 病毒 n. viruses v. inactivate刮砂法 scraping method 藻类 n. algae 接触时间 contact time表面刮砂 surface scraping 需氯量 chlorine demand 原生动物 n.protozoa反冲洗 backwashing 加氯量,投氯量 chlorine dosage ,水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwashing 5(氧化 n. oxidation appliedchlorine水力反冲洗 hydraulic backwash 自由氯,游离氯 free chlorine , 还原 n. reduction水力分级 hydraulic grading 氧化剂 n. oxidant free available chlorine 化合氯 combined chlorine 强氧化剂 strong oxidizing agent4(消毒 n. disinfection 剩余保护 residual protection 高级氧化法 (AOP) advanced oxidation process余氯 residual chlorine 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) advanced oxidation process v. disinfect消毒剂 n. disinfectant 余氯量 chlorine residual 高级氧化过程 (AOP) advanced oxidation process自由余氯 free residual chlorine 高级氧化技术 (AOT) disinfectionagent杀菌剂 n. germicide 自由氯余量 free chlorine residual advanced oxidation technology消毒过程 disinfection process 化合余氯 combined residual chlorine消毒副产物 disinfection by-products 化合氯余量 combined chlorine residuals 6(吸附 n. adsorption氯化 n. chlorination 折点氯化(法) breakpoint chlorination 活性炭 (AC) activated carbon折点氯化曲线 breakpoint chlorination curve 粉末炭 (PAC) powdered activated carbon v. chlorinate氯化水 chlorinated water 折点加氯量 breakpoint dosage 粒状炭 (GAC) granular activated carbon预氯化 n. prechlorination 氯折点 chlorine breakpoint 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon氯化消毒副产物 by压力钢瓶 pressured steel cylinder 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber -products of chlorination化学消毒剂 chemical disinfectants 臭氧发生器 ozone generator 再生 n. regeneration液氯 liquid chlorine , 需臭氧量 ozone demand v. regenerate剩余臭氧量 ozone residual 吸附剂 n. adsorbent liquefied chlorine氯胺 n. chloramines 剩余臭氧 residual ozone 吸附质 n. adsorbate次氯酸盐 hypochlorites 吸附塔,吸附柱 adsorption column次氯酸钠 sodium hypochlorite 致病微生物,病源微生物吸附床adsorption bed二氧化氯 chlorine dioxide 空床接触时间 empty bed contact time pathogenic microorganisms病原体 n. pathogens 吸附带 mass transfer zone 臭氧 n. ozone臭氧化,臭氧消毒 n. ozonation 致病细菌或病毒 pathogenic bacteria or viruses 快速小柱试验 rapid small scale column test细菌 n. bacteria 臭氧化 v. ozonate 生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon紫外线 (UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV) 大肠杆菌 coliform bacteria 伽马射线 gamma radiation 阿米巴氏菌 amoebic cysts 7(离子交换 n. ion exchange孢子,芽孢 n. spores 灭活 n. inactivation 离子交换树脂 ion exchange resin离子交换器 ion exchanger 电解 n. electrolysis 底物(基质)利用substrate utilization离子交换柱 ion exchange column 电除盐 (EDI) n. electrodeionization 生物量 n. biomass硬度 n. hardness 吹脱、汽提法 n. stripping 生物反应 biological reaction除硬 hardness removal 生物氧化 biological oxidation软化 n. softening 冷却 n. cooling 生物降解 n. biodegradation冷却水 cooling water 生物降解性 n. biodegradability v. soften化学软化 chemical softening 冷却塔 cooling tower 生物可降解的,可生物降解的 a. biodegradable沉淀软化 precipitation softening 第六部分生物处理不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable除盐,脱盐 n. desaltination 生物反应器 n. bioreactor 生物处理biological treatment微生物 n. microorganisms 废水生物处理 biological wastewater treatment v. desalt去矿化 n. demineralization 废水生物处理系统 biological wastewater treatment n. microbes微生物种群 microbial population v. demineralize system离子交换软化法 ion exchange softening process 混合群落 mixed communities 污水生物处理系统 biological sewage treatment 离子交换除盐法 ion exchange desalting process 细菌 n. bacteria system复床 combined bed 原生动物 n. protozoa 生物处理法 biological treatment process混合床 mixed bed 真菌 n. fungi 生物处理装置 biological treatment unit轮虫 n. rotifers 串联 in series8(膜分离 membrane separation 生长 n. growth 悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes微滤 n. microfiltration 繁殖 n. reproduction 生物固体 biological solids超滤 n. hyperfiltration 世代时间 generation time 活性污泥 activated sludge纳滤 n. nanofiltration 生长速率 growth rates 附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes反渗透 reverse osmosis 环境因子 environmental factors 附着的微生物attached microbes渗透 n. osmosis 生态因子 ecological factors 微生物附着生长 attached microbial growth半透膜 semipermeable membrane 微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics 生物膜 n. biofilm电渗析 n. electrodialysis 1. 迟滞期 lag phase渗析 n. dialysis 2. 对数生长期 exponential-growth phase 代谢 n. metabolism3. 减速生长期 decling growth phase v. metabolize9(其它处理方法稳定期 stationary phase 稳定,稳定化 n. stabilization 中和 n. neutralization 4. 内源呼吸阶段 endogenous stage v. stabilize 内源生长期 endogenous growth phase 生物代谢 biological metabolism v. neutralize酸性废水 acidic wastes 内源呼吸 endogenous respiration 微生物代谢microbial metabolism化学沉淀 chemical precipitation 好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌 aerobic bacteria沉淀软化 precipitation softening 底物,基质 n. substrate好氧微生物 aerobic microorganisms 曝气池 aeration basin 非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids好氧氧化 aerobic oxidation 曝气池 aeration chamber 挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids厌氧的 a. anaerobic 完全混合曝气池 completely mixed aeration basin混合液 mixed liquor厌氧菌 anaerobic bacteria 活性污泥池 activated sludge tank 混合液悬浮固体 (MLSS) mixed liquor suspended厌氧氧化 anaerobic oxidation 曝气 n. aeration solids兼性的 a. facultative 混合 n. mixing 混合液挥发性悬浮固体 (MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile兼性菌 facultative bacteria 曝气系统 aeration system suspended solids好氧环境 aerobic environment 曝气器 n. aerator 污泥沉降比 (SV) settling velocity厌氧环境 anaerobic environment 压缩空气 compressed air 污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index营养物 n. nutrients 空气压缩机,空压机 air compressor 比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate无机营养物 inorganic nutrients 鼓风机,风机 n. blower营养物去除 nutrient removal 循环/切换 n. cycling/switchover 污泥龄sludge age营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal 扩散装置,扩散器 n. diffuser 曝气池容积 aeration tank volume脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal 空气扩散装置,空气扩散器air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration period生物硝化 biological nitrification 鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器) bubble air diffuser 曝气时间 aeration time硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 微气泡扩散装置(扩散器) fine-bubble diffuser 水力停留时间 (HRT) hydraulic residence time 生物反硝化,生物脱氮 biological denitrification 扩散板 plate diffuser 水力负荷 hydraulic loading生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal 扩散管 tube diffuser BOD负荷BOD loading扩散罩 dome diffuser1(活性污泥法 activated sludge process 微气泡扩散曝气 fine-bubble diffused aeration 普通活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process 微生物 n. microorganisms n. microbes 微气泡 fine-bubble 传统活性污泥法 conventional activated sludge process细菌 n. bacteria 大气泡 coarse-bubble 标准活性污泥法 standard activated sludge process生物絮体 biological floc 传统活性污泥厂 conventional activatedsludge plant 静态混合器 static mixer微生物絮体 microbial floc 机械曝气系统 mechanical aeration systems阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process活性污泥 activated sludge 机械曝气 mechanical aeration 分段 v. step 絮状活性污泥 flocculate-bacterial sludge 表面曝气 surface aeration进水负荷 influent load回流活性污泥 (RAS) returned activated sludge 表面曝气器 surface aerator 分段进水 step loading回流污泥 returned sludge 需氧量 oxygen demand 渐减 v. taper回流污泥 recycled sludge 供气量 air supply 渐减曝气 tapered aeration 剩余污泥 excess sludge 氧转移效率 oxygen tansfer efficiency 接触稳定活性污泥法废活性污泥 (WAS) waste activated sludge contact stabilization activated sludge process废污泥 waste sludge 可沉降固体 settleable solids 再曝气 n. reaeration曝气曝气池 aeration tank 挥发性固体 volatile solids —沉淀—再曝气进水阀 influent valve aeration-sedimentation-reaeration membrane biological reactor完全好氧处理法反应阶段 react phase 2(生物膜法沉淀阶段 settle phase complete aerobic treatment process高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法清水,上清液 clear water 生物膜 n. biofilm上清液 n. supernatant 生物膜反应器 biofilm reactor high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法排水阶段 draw phase 生物滤池 n. biofilter滗水阶段 decant phase 生物过滤 n. biofiltration extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法 extended aeration process 滗水装置 decant mechanism 旋转布水器 rotary sprinkler延时曝气 extended aeration 闲置阶段,待机阶段 idle phase 填料 n. packings氧化沟 oxidation ditch 塑料管状或蜂窝状填料 plastic tubular or 水平转刷 horizontal rotor 营养物去除 nutrient removal honeycomb-shaped packings转刷曝气 rotor aeration 营养物生物去除 biological nutrient removal滴滤池 trickling filter笼型转刷 caged rotor 碳源 carbon source 普通生物滤池 tricklingfilter吸附—生物降解工艺 (AB法) 硝化 n. nitrification 高负荷生物滤池 high-rate filter塔式生物滤池 tower biofilter adsorption-biodegradation process v. nitrify序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequencing batch reactor 硝化菌 nitrifying bacteria 曝气生物滤池 (BAF) biological aerated filter (SBR) process、反硝化 n. denitrification序批式活性污泥法 (SBR法) sequential batch reactor 生物转盘法 biodisc process v. denitrify脱氮 n. denitrification 生物转盘 rotating biological contactor (SBR) processSBR法 SBR process 生物反硝化,生物脱氮生物转盘 n. biodisc序批式反应器 (SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 塑料盘片 plastic discs biological denitrification序批式反应器 (SBR) sequential batch reactor 缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺 (A/O 法) 轻质盘片 lightweight discs初沉 primary clarification 水平轴 horizontal shaft anoxic-oxic process 2 曝气 n. aeration 厌氧—缺氧—好氧法 (A/O法) 生物粘液biological slime二沉 secondary clarification 粘液层 slime layer anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process初沉池 primary clarifier A-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺二沉池 secondary clarifier 生物流化床 biological fluidized bed anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process泵送系统 pumping system 脱氮除磷 nitrogen and phosphorus removal biological fluidised bed活性污泥法 activated sludge process 厌氧氨氧化 (ANAMMOX) 生物流化床反应器 fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器 (MBBR) 变体 n. variant anaerobic ammonium oxidationSBR运行周期 SBR cycle 生物除磷 biological phosphorus removal moving-bed biofilm reactor处理周期 process cycle进水阶段 fill phase 膜生物反应器 (MBR) 3(厌氧生物处理厌氧生化反应 anaerobic biochemical reaction发酵 n. fermentation 消化 n. digestion 厌氧分解 anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解 decompose anaerobically v. fermentate v. digest产酸细菌 n. acidogens 消化池 n. digestor 好氧稳定 aerobic stabilization产甲烷细菌 n. methanogens 厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 细菌 n. bacteria产酸阶段 acidogenic phase 污泥消化 sludge digestion 藻类 n. algae产甲烷阶段 methanogenic phase 厌氧消化池 anaerobic digestor 微型植物microscopic plants水解 n. hydrolysis 厌氧接触法 anaerobic contact process 出流,出水effluent flow厌氧膨胀床反应器光合作用 n. photosynthesis v. hydrolysis产酸发酵 acidogenic fermentation anaerobic expanded-bed reactor 产氢产乙酸 H-producing acetogenesis 厌氧流化床反应器厌氧塘anaerobic pond 2产甲烷 methanogenesis 曝气塘 aerated pond anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor产酸菌 acid formers 厌氧生物转盘修饰塘 polishing pond产甲烷菌 methane formers , 熟化塘 maturation lagoon anaerobic rotating biological contactor深度处理塘 advanced treatment pond methane-forming bacteria有机酸 organic acids 4(自然生物处理系统三级处理塘 tertiary treatment pond挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids自然净化系统 natural purification system 土地处理工艺(过程) land treatment processes硫酸盐还原 sulfate reduction 稳定塘 stabilization ponds 关键因素critical factors硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate-reducing bacteria 土壤类型 soil type stabilization lagoons氧化塘 oxidation ponds 气候 n. climate上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) 土地处理系统 land treatment systems 土地处理系统 land treatment systems废水土地处理 land treatment of wastewater 慢速土地处理系统 upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速 upflow velocity 净化过程 purification process slow rate land treatment system自然净化 natural purification 低负荷土地处理系统厌氧折流板反应器 (ABR) low-rate land treatment system污水塘 sewage lagoon 三级处理水平 tertiary treatment level anaerobic baffled reactor稳定塘 stabilization ponds 灌溉 n. irrigation两段或两级厌氧生物处理 two-stage anaerobic stabilization lagoons v. irrigate氧化塘 oxidation ponds 土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质 biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理 two-phase anaerobic biotreatment 好氧塘 aerobic pond natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil 产酸相 acidogenic phase 兼性塘 facultative pond 投配的废水 applied wastewater好氧生化反应垄—沟表面布水产甲烷相 methanogenic phase aerobic biochemical reaction浓缩的底流 thickened underflow ridge-and-furrow surface spreading 污泥减量 sludge volume reduction 浓缩污泥 thickened sludge 喷洒布水系统,喷灌布水系统 sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统 rapid infiltration land 污泥稳定化 sludge stabilization 出水 n. effluent上清液 n. supernatant treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理 infiltration-percolation land (污泥)浓缩 n. thickening 溢流 v. overflow污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 堰 n. weir treatment快速渗滤 rapid infiltration 稳定,稳定化 n. stabilization 气浮浓缩floatation thickening快速渗滤法 rapid infiltration method 溶气气浮 dissolved-air floatation v. stabilize过滤作用 filtering action 稳定了的污泥 stabilized sludge 气浮池floatation tank吸附作用 adsorption action 调理(调节) n. conditioning 入流污泥influent sludge地表漫流土地处理系统污泥絮体 sludge flocs v. condition脱水 n. dewatering 撇去 v. skim overland flow land treatment system 地表漫流 overland flow 漂浮污泥层 floating sludge layer v. dewater 径流集水沟 runoff collection ditch 干化 n. drying物理、化学和生物过程污泥干化场 sludge drying bed 污泥消化 sludge digestion污泥干燥 heat drying 消化池 n. digester physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地 n. wetland 干燥器 n. dryer 消化池装置 digester unit天然湿地 natural wetland 污泥焚烧,污泥焚化 n. incineration 消化 n. digestion人工湿地 constructed wetland 焚烧炉,焚化炉 n. incinerator v. digest 有机固体 organic solids man-made wetland污泥浓缩 sludge thickening 生化分解 biochemical decomposition第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用物理过程 physical process 好氧消化aerobic digestion污泥 n. sludge 含水过多的污泥 watery sludge 好氧污泥消化 aerobic sludge digestion生活污水污泥 sewage sludge 稀污泥 thin sludge 好氧消化过程 aerobic digestion process污泥体积,污泥量 sludge volume 处理装置 treatment unit 活性污泥池activated sludge tank原污泥,生污泥 raw sludge 浓缩池 n. thickener 预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统新鲜污泥,生污泥 fresh sludge 重力浓缩 gravity thickening prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatment消化污泥,熟污泥 digested sludge 重力浓缩池 gravity thickener systems混合污泥 mixed sludge 圆形污水沉淀池预制的接触稳定或污泥处理 sludge treatment circular sewage sedimentation tank prefabricated contact stabilization or污泥处置 sludge disposal 刮泥机 sludge scraper 延时曝气处理系统最终处置 ultimate disposal 搅拌作用 stirring action extended aeration treatment systems填埋 n. landfill 底流 n. underflow BOD负荷 BOD loading细胞物质 cellular mass 废水回用 wastewater reuse 冷却塔水 cooling tower water内源衰亡 endogenous decay 直接回用 direct reuse 选择性处理 optional treatment直接废水回用 direct wastewater reuse 水费 water costs厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion 间接回用 indirect reuse 回用的城市污水厌氧污泥消化 anaerobic sludge digestion 间接废水回用 indirect wastewater reuse reclaimed municipal wastewater 有盖的圆形池 covered circular tank 出水处理 effluent treatment 工业过程 industrial processes 消化过程 digestion process 回用水 reclaimed water 冷却水 cooling water 厌氧消化过程 anaerobic digestion process 排放 n. , v. discharge 锅炉给水boiler feedwater 生化反应 biochemical reactions 保留 n. retention 灌溉回用 irrigation reuse 有机酸 organic acids 循环 n. recycling 废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater 挥发性脂肪酸 (VFAs) volatile fatty acids 低负荷土地处理系统 low-rate land treatment system v. recycle 甲烷气 methane gas 部分处理 n. partial treatment 间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation 末端产物 end product 最终用途 end use 废水排放 wastewater discharge 指示剂 n. indicator 城市污水回用 municipal wastewater reuse 雨水回用 storm water reuse 污泥消化池气体 sludge digester gas 灌溉 n. irrigation 可回用水 reusable water 污泥沉淀 sludge settling 景观灌溉 landscape irrigation Part ?: 第九部分:污泥储存 sludge storage 地下水回灌 groundwater recharge 投资成本,投资费(用) capital costs 消化污泥 digested sludge 建设成本,建设费(用) construction costs充分消化的污泥 well-digested sludge 市政回用 municipal reuse 运行成本,运行费(用) operating costs 消化池上清液 digester supernatant 直接市政回用 direct municipal reuse 能耗成本 energy costs 中温消化 mesophilic digestion 深度处理,高级处理 advanced treatment 运行维护 operation and maintenance 高温消化 thermophilic degestion 分质供水系统 dual-distribution system 运行控制 operational control间接市政回用 indirect municipal reuse 控制系统 control system污泥脱水 sludge dewatering 供水系统,给水系统 water supply system 仪表/控制系统混合堆肥 co-composting 取水口 n. intake instrumentation/control system天然同化能力 natural assimilative capacity 自动控制系统,自控系统污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs 人工回灌 artificial recharge automatic control system深井注射 deep-well injection第八部分:废水回用浅表布水 shallow surface spreading地表水资源 surface water resource 渗透 n. percolation地下水资源 groundwater resource 工业回用 industrial reuse水短缺 water scarcity 工艺废水,过程废水 process wastewaters回用 n. , v. reuse 工艺补充水,过程补充水 plant process makeup water。
给排水工程外文翻译 Final approval draft on November 22, 2020Short and Long Term Advantage roof drainage design performanceDecade has witnessed great changes in the design of the roof drainage system recently, particularly, siphon rainwater drainage system has been gradually improved, and there is likely to be the key application. At the same time these changes, urban drainage system design has undergone tremendous changes, because the scope of a wider urban drainage system design for sustainable development, as well as people for climate change flooding more attention. The main contents of this article is how to design roof drainage systems and make a good performance. Special attention is how to get rid of bad habits already formed the design, but also need to consider innovative roof drainage system, such as green roofs and rainwater harvesting systems.Practical application: In the past few years, the design of the roof rainwater drainage system has undergone tremendous changes. On large buildings, siphon rainwater drainage technology has been very common, as well as green roofs because it is conducive to green development, being more and more applications. Taking into account the ongoing research, this article focuses on how to effectively design a variety of roof rainwater drainage system, and make it achieve the desired design effect.1. IntroductionIn the past decade, the city and the water drainage system design has been widely accepted thinking about sustainable urban drainage system, or the optimal management direction. The main principles of the design of these systems is both a local level in line with the quality of development, but also to create some economic benefits for the investors. This principle has led to the development of new changes in the sump. Although the application of such a device is gradually reduced, but the urban environment relatively high demand areas still require 100% waterproof and rapid drainage, such as the roof. Typically roof drainage system in the design, construction and maintenance has not been given due attention. Although the drainage system investment costs account for only a small portion of the total construction investment, but not able to judge the loss caused by poor design.There are two different forms of roof drainage system design methods, namely the traditional and siphon method. Traditional systems rely on atmospheric pressure work, the drive ram affectedsink flow depth. Therefore, the conventional roof drainage systems require a relatively large diameter vertical drop tube, prior to discharge, all devices must be connected to the groundwatercollection pipe network. In contrast, siphonic roof drainage pipe systems are generally designed to full flow (turbulent flow meansthat require less exhaust pipe), which will form a negative pressure, the larger the higher flow rate and pressure head. Typically siphon system requires less down pipe work under negative pressure to the water distribution network can mean higher altitude work, thereby reducing the amount of underground pipe network.Both systems consists of three parts: the roof, rainwater collection pipes, pipe network.All of these elements are able to change the water pressure distribution system. This section focuses on the role and performance of each part. Due to the principle of siphon system has not been well understood, resulting argument is relatively small, this article will highlight siphon system.2. RoofThe roof is usually designed by the architect, designer and not by the drainage design. There are three main roof.2.1 Flat roofFlat roofs are used in industrial buildings less rainfall regions and countries. This roof is not completely flat, but lower than the minimum roof slope may require. For example, the United Kingdom require maximum slope of 10 °. Setting minimum slope in order to avoid any unnecessary water.Despite the flat roof if it is not properly maintained will have more problems, but it will reduce the dead zone within the building, and the ratio of sloping roofs in favor of indoor air.2.2 sloping roofsMost residential and commercial buildings are pitched roof, inclined roof is the biggest advantage can quickly drain, thereby reducing leakage. In temperate regions, we need to consider carrying roof snow load. Once it rains, rainfall through the sloping roofs can be determined by calculation. When rainfall data can be used, you can use the kinematic theory to solve such problems.2.3 green roof (flat or inclined)It can prove roof is the oldest green roofs, including rainfall can reduce or disperse roof planted with plants. It can be planted with trees and shrubs roof garden, it can also be a vegetated roof light carpet. Wherein the latter technique has been widely used. Some of these applications tend to focus on aesthetic requirements and are often used in green development. Since the aesthetic requirements and pressure requirements, as well as green roofs thermal insulation function, reduce the heat island effect, silencer effect, extend the life of the roof.Green roofs in Germany, the most widely used, followed in North America, but to consider the impact on the aesthetics. Germany is by far the most experienced countries in the 19th century have practical application, then as an alternative to reduce the risk of fire tarroof an option in urban areas. Germany is currently the main research question on the cultivation of other issues to consider smaller cities. A study from 1987 to 1989, was found packed with 70 mm thick green roof can be reduced by 60% -80% of heat loss. In a Canadianwork computer model based on the roof indicates that as long as the sump, the area can reach 70% of the roof area can be reduced by 60 percent in one year, the same model was also used for artificial rainfall, which the results indicate that rainfall in the catchment season helps to drain away rainwater.However, none of these studies show that green roofs can play a useful role in the rainfall season, or how high collection efficiency of water supply. The United States did some tests, as long as the green roofs regular watering, can reduce 65 percent of the runoff ina rainfall. America's most authoritative green roof guidelines by the New Jersey state environmental agencies promulgated. The mainprinciple is to solve the structural problems of light, and how can the normal drainage after two years.Rainfall period is based on the probability of failure is determined. The system is typically based on rainfall during rainstorms two minutes, two minutes, have a choice. Although this model will get more traffic, but there is no other better alternative. Studies have shown that the traditional model is applied to study green roofs are premature.Loss factor than traditional roof records should be small, about 98.7%.Peak flow will be reduced, although not penetrate, the surface roughness but also have a significant impact.Concentrated rainfall than two minutes for a long time,especially for large roof areas, such as public buildings, commercial buildings, industrial buildings.Urban drainage design should also consider other factors, for a complex system, a green roof in a rain is not enough. Water flow duration curve shows a longer than traditional systems. And two independent and will affect between is possible, which requires a more precise time period.3. Rainwater CollectorBasic requirements rainwater collector is designed to be able to accommodate rainfall rainstorms. Although it is possible to make a slightly inclined roof drainage purposes, but the nature of the construction industry and building settlement will become flat roofTypically, the tank is placed in a horizontal, sectional view of the water is outwardly inclined, which the role of hydrostatic.3.1 drain outletAnalyzing rainwater collector has sufficient volume is the key to the sump outlet external setting conditions. Also affect the flow rate into the storm water drainage system piping, but also affect the depth of the water catchment. Although the depth of the sump will not bring any particular problems, but too deep can cause excessive sump.Numerous studies in the 1980s showed that the flow of conventional roof drainage system outlet can be divided into two cases. It depends on the size of the depth and size of the outlet. When the water depth is less than half the diameter of the outlet, the flow of the first type, and the outlet of the flow can be calculated by an appropriate equation; water depth increases, exports are slowly clogging the flow will become another form forms, at the same time, the flow of exports can be obtained through other equations. While conventional roof drainage systems are designed to be free-draining, but may cause limitations encountered in the design of the flow is not free. In this case, it will require additional depth.Siphon roof drainage systems, the outlet is designed to be submerged stream. In this case, the depth of the outlet of the decision is more complicated, because the design of the sump depends on the flow. Recent studies have shown that conventional roof drainage systems use a variety of non-standard catchment, their depth and height, bigger than the diameter of the outlet. This will eventually result in a siphon effect. For a given catchment, the flow depends on the starting end of the drop tube diameter. A similar phenomenon has also been used to study the standard catchment, in these circumstances, only limited siphon action occurs within relatively close distance from the exit.3.2 tank flow classificationIn the complex flow sump outlet flow classification, can be seen from Table 2a, the flow will be uniform layering, regardless of whether the same inlet flow. Table 2b and 2c show, exportdistribution will greatly influence the flow.When the outlet is not a free jet, sump outlet complex flow classification is difficult to describe. Because each catchment tank pressures are likely to be merged. For example, the siphon tube system design point is at near full jet outlet flow classification depends on the energy loss of each branch.3.3 hydrostatic sectionalSump shape of the water surface in the canal can be classified according to the flow equation. In most cases, a low flow rate meansthat there is less friction loss, if exports are free jet, thefriction loss is negligible cross-section through the hydrostatic equation 1 to determine the horizontal distance.Where Q-- flow (m3 / s)T- surface width (m)g- acceleration of gravity (m / s2)F- flow area (m2)Equation 1 can not be ignored when the friction required to correct (or very long pipe velocity is large), or not a free jet.3.4 The current design methodsThe previous discussion has highlighted the main factors that should be considered with sink design. However, without the help of a certain number of models, computing hydrostatic sectional roof drainage system, the volume of the sump is possible. This large commercial and manufacturing industry, is a development opportunity, you can merge several kilometers of water routes. Thus, the conventional drainage system sump design methods are mainly based on experience, and assume that exports are free jet.Sump location in the building, it may cause the example to fail. Different interface sumpExcept in the case cited above, but also allows designers to use empirical data.3.5 Digital ModelLarge number of digital models can be used to accurately describe the flow of any form of catchment tank, regardless of whether the roof flows stable. An example of this model is a combination of roof space model. This model enables users to classify different aspects of the data indicated, includes: details of the rains, the roof surface drainage and other details. Kinematics have also been used to study rainwater tank to flow from the research collection. A typical method is based on open system to solve a basic problem of spatial mobility. This model automatically resolve the sump outlet flow situation, but also to deal with the case of free jet can also be simulated space limited mobility and submerged discharge. Output values include depth and flow rate.Currently, the model is essentially just a variety of research tools, but also through practical engineering test. However, we should face up to the various role models.4 pipe systems groupComposition in the form and scope of the tube group determinesthe roof drainage system relies mainly on the traditional system or siphon action.4.1 Traditional stormwater systemsConventional roof drainage systems, the ground plane is generally vertical pipe-line network, connected to the sump outlet and underground drainage systems, critical systems as well as compensating tube. It should be emphasized that the angle between the ground and the compensating tube is less than 10 °. Capacity of the entire system relies mainly on the outlet tube instead of down.Flow vertical tube is usually free-flowing, full of only 33%, the efficiency depends on the excess length of the tube. If the drop tube long enough (typically greater than 5m), there may be an annular flow. Similarly, under normal circumstances flow compensation pipe is free-flowing, full of up to 70%. Such designed process both for the design, various equations can also be used.4.2 Siphon roof drainage systemIn contrast with the traditional drainage systems, Siphon roof drainage system relies on air flow outside the system, and the tubeis full pipe flow stream.The designs are usually made on the assumption that the design of heavy rain, the system can quickly siphon discharge rainwater. This assumption allows the application of hydrostatic siphon system theory. Often used steady flow energy equation. While this approach ignores the small amount of energy loss at the entrance, but after the experiment showed that there are still conducive to practical use.However, steady-state design methods in the siphon system is exposed to rain when the system does not meet the standard requirements or changes in rainfall intensity is large is not applied. In the first case, there will be some mixing of air quality, annular flow occurs. These problems are not integrated in the system when more serious. Because usually designed rains are common, it is clear now design methodology over time may not apply to siphon system. This is a major disadvantage, because the design of the main problem isthe noise and vibration problems.Despite the disadvantages of the prior design approach, but a lot of the world's very few engineering failure reports. When a failure occurs, most likely for the following reasons:An incorrect understanding of the operation pointsSubstandard materials listInstallation defectsMaintenance mismanagementTo overcome these disadvantages, we have recently launched aseries of research projects, to discuss the siphon system, and the development of digital models. From this work we learn a lot.In contrast with conventional design methods of some assumptions, siphon system mainly has the following aspects:1) non-flow system of full flow2) levels of certain pipe-flowing full pipe flow3) full pipe flow downstream propagation through a vertical pipe, riser, etc.4) the inner tube flow occurs over the vertical section, the system to reduce the pressure5) downward tube is full pipe flow, there will be air lock6) appears completely siphon action until well into the air system is lower than a certain levelTable 4a column data indicate that below the design point, the system will siphon unstable flow, depth of the water collecting tank is insufficient to maintain the siphon action. Table 4b show that the unsteady flow in siphon system when it will appear.Table 5 lists the data output of a digital model. It can be seen that the model can accurately describe the siphon action, siphon and steady state, the data also show that the model can accurately describe the complex siphon action.5 ConclusionThis article has illustrated the critical roof drainage systems, but these are often overlooked in the urban drainage system design. This article also shows that the design process is a complex process, rely mainly on the performance of exports. The following conclusions are based on the design summed up:1) Run depend on three interacting parts: the roof, sump, water pipes2) Green roofs can reduce traffic and beautify the city3) the export performance of the system is essential4) siphon drainage system have a greater advantage in large-scale projects, but must be considered high maintenance costs5) Design siphon drainage system should consider additional capacity and operational issuesAlthough the green roof is a more attractive option, but the traditional roof of a building in the country will continue to dominate. Green roofs will be gradually developed, and gradually been widely accepted. Similarly, the roof drainage system shown effective that it will continue to play a huge role in the commercial building drainage systems.Roof drainage system of the greatest threats from climate change, existing systems tend to be not simply aging; rainfall patterns of change will result in inefficient operation, self-cleaning rate will be reduced. Changes in wind speed and the roof will also accelerate the aging of the roof, it is necessary to carry out maintenance. Taking into account the climate change, the increase in materials, roof collected rainwater will be more extensive. Currently, the amount of rain around the globe per person per day 7-300 liters in the UK, with an average consumption of 145L / h / d, of which onlyabout one liter is used by people, about 30 per cent of the toilet, study shows If water shortage, rainwater collected on the roof of developed and developing countries are recommended approach.屋顶排水设计性能的近期与远期优势最近十年见证了屋顶排水系统设计方面的巨大变化,特别的是,虹吸雨水排水系统已经得到逐步改善,并且有可能得到重点应用。
给排水专业英语李康
给排水专业英语翻译为"Plumbing and Drainage Engineering"。
在给排水专业中,有一些常用的英语词汇和短语,如下所示:
1. Plumbing - 管道安装
2. Drainage - 排水系统
3. Piping - 管道
4. Sewer - 下水道
5. Water supply - 供水系统
6. Water distribution - 配水系统
7. Plumbing fixtures - 卫浴设备
8. Sanitary fittings - 卫生设备
9. Ventilation - 通风系统
10. Pumping station - 泵站
11. Sewage treatment - 污水处理
12. Stormwater management - 雨水管理
13. Plumbing code - 管道安装规范
14. Plumbing design - 管道设计
15. Plumbing installation - 管道安装
16. Plumbing maintenance - 管道维护
17. Plumbing repair - 管道维修
18. Plumbing inspection - 管道检查
19. Water conservation - 节水
20. Backflow prevention - 防止倒流
以上是一些常见的给排水专业英语词汇和短语,希望对你有帮助!。
给排水常用名词中英文对照1、给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
-2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3、给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
4、排水系统 sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5、给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面,暴露于大气的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦咸水(碱性水) brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水,并含大量中性盐,PH值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
12、废水 wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
-15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
16、用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
17、排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
18、水质 water quality 在给水排水工程中,水的物理、化学、生物学等方面的性质。
Sewage treatmentSewage treatment, or domestic wastewatertreatment, is the process of removing contaminantsfrom wastewater and household sewage, bothrunoff (effluents) and domestic. It includesphysical, chemical, and biological processes toremove physical, chemical and biologicalcontaminants. Its objective is to produce a wastestream (or treated effluent) and a solid waste orsludge suitable for discharge or reuse back into theenvironment. This material is often inadvertentlycontaminated with many toxic organic andinorganic compounds.Origins of sewageSewage is created by residences, institutions, and commercial and industrial establishments. Raw influent (sewage) includes household waste liquid from toilets, baths, showers, kitchens, sinks, and so forth that is disposed of via sewers. In many areas, sewage also includes liquid waste from industry and commerce. The separation and draining of household waste into greywater and blackwater is becoming more common in the developed world, with greywater being permitted to be used for watering plants or recycled for flushing toilets. A lot of sewage also includes some surface water from roofs or hard-standing areas. Municipal wastewater therefore includes residential, commercial, and industrial liquid waste discharges, and may include stormwater runoff. Sewage systems capable of handling stormwater are known as combined systems or combined sewers. Such systems are usually avoided since they complicate and thereby reduce the efficiency of sewage treatment plants owing to their seasonality. The variability in flow also leads to often larger than necessary, and subsequently more expensive, treatment facilities. In addition, heavy storms that contribute more flows than the treatment plant can handle may overwhelm the sewage treatment system, causing a spill or overflow. It is preferable to have a separate storm drain system for stormwater in areas that are developed with sewer systems.As rainfall runs over the surface of roofs and the ground, it may pick up various contaminants including soil particles and other sediment, heavy metals, organic compounds, animal waste, and oil and grease. Some jurisdictions require stormwater to receive some level of treatment before being discharged directly into waterways. Examples of treatment processes used for stormwater include sedimentation basins, wetlands, buried concrete vaults with various kinds of filters, and vortex separators (to remove coarse solids).Process overviewSewage can be treated close to where it is created (in septic tanks, biofilters or aerobic treatment systems), or collected and transported via a network of pipes and pump stations to a municipal treatment plant (see sewerage and pipes and infrastructure). Sewage collection and treatment istypically subject to local, state and federal regulations and standards. Industrial sources of wastewater often require specialized treatment processes (see Industrial wastewater treatment).Conventional sewage treatment may involve three stages, called primary, secondary and tertiary treatment. Primary treatment consists of temporarily holding the sewage in a quiescent basin where heavy solids can settle to the bottom while oil, grease and lighter solids float to the surface. The settled and floating materials are removed and the remaining liquid may be discharged or subjected to secondary treatment. Secondary treatment removes dissolved and suspended biological matter. Secondary treatment is typically performed by indigenous, water-bornemicro-organisms in a managed habitat. Secondary treatment may require a separation process to remove the micro-organisms from the treated water prior to discharge or tertiary treatment. Tertiary treatment is sometimes defined as anything more than primary and secondary treatment. Treated water is sometimes disinfected chemically or physically (for example by lagoons and microfiltration) prior to discharge into a stream, river, bay, lagoon or wetland, or it can be used for the irrigation of a golf course, green way or park. If it is sufficiently clean, it can also be used for groundwater recharge or agricultural purposes.Process Flow Diagram for a typical large-scale treatment plantPre-treatmentPre-treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from the raw wastewater before they damage or clog the pumps and skimmers of primary treatment clarifiers (trash, tree limbs, leaves, etc).ScreeningThe influent sewage water is strained to remove all large objects carried in the sewage stream. This is most commonly done with an automated mechanically raked bar screen in modern plants serving large populations, whilst in smaller or less modern plants a manually cleaned screen may be used. The raking action of a mechanical bar screen is typically paced according to the accumulation on the bar screens and/or flow rate. The solids are collected and later disposed in a landfill or incinerated.Grit removalPre-treatment may include a sand or grit channel or chamber where the velocity of the incoming wastewater is carefully controlled to allow sand, grit and stones to settle.Primary treatmentIn the primary sedimentation stage,sewage flows through large tanks,commonly called "primary clarifiers" or"primary sedimentation tanks". The tanksare large enough that sludge can settle andfloating material such as grease and oilscan rise to the surface and be skimmed off.The main purpose of the primarysedimentation stage is to produce both agenerally homogeneous liquid capable ofbeing treated biologically and a sludgethat can be separately treated or processed.Primary settling tanks are usuallyequipped with mechanically drivenscrapers that continually drive the collected sludge towards a hopper in the base of the tank from where it can be pumped to further sludge treatment stages. Grease and oil from the floating material can sometimes be recovered for saponification.Secondary treatmentSecondary treatment is designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the sewage which are derived from human waste, food waste, soaps and detergent. The majority of municipal plants treat the settled sewage liquor using aerobic biological processes. For this to be effective, the biota require both oxygen and a substrate on which to live. There are a number of ways in which this is done. In all these methods, the bacteria and protozoa consume biodegradable soluble organic contaminants (e.g. sugars, fats, organic short-chain carbon molecules, etc.) and bind much of the less soluble fractions into floc. Secondary treatment systems are classified as∙fixed-film or∙suspended-growth.Fixed-film OR attached growth system treatment process including trickling filter and rotating biological contactors where the biomass grows on media and the sewage passes over its surface.In suspended-growth systems, such as activated sludge, the biomass is well mixed with the sewage and can be operated in a smaller space than fixed-film systems that treat the same amount of water. However, fixed-film systems are more able to cope with drastic changes in the amount of biological material and can provide higher removal rates for organic material and suspended solids than suspended growth systems.Roughing filters are intended to treat particularly strong or variable organic loads, typically industrial, to allow them to then be treated by conventional secondary treatment processes. Characteristics include typically tall, circular filters filled with open synthetic filter media to which wastewater is applied at a relatively high rate. They are designed to allow high hydraulic loading and a high flow-through of air. On larger installations, air is forced through the media using blowers. The resultant wastewater is usually within the normal range for conventional treatment processes.Activated sludgeMain article: Activated sludgeIn general, activated sludge plantsencompass a variety of mechanisms andprocesses that use dissolved oxygen topromote the growth of biological floc thatsubstantially removes organic material.The process traps particulate material andcan, under ideal conditions, convertammonia to nitrite and nitrate and ultimatelyto nitrogen gas, (see also denitrification).Surface-aerated basinsMost biological oxidation processesfor treating industrial wastewatershave in common the use of oxygen (orair) and microbial action.Surface-aerated basins achieve 80 to90% removal of Biochemical OxygenDemand with retention times of 1 to10 days. The basins may range indepth from 1.5 to 5.0 metres and usemotor-driven aerators floating on thesurface of the wastewater.In an aerated basin system, theaerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and microbes). Typically, the floating surface aerators are rated to deliver the amount of air equivalent to 1.8 to 2.7 kg O2/kW·h. However, they do not provide as good mixing as is normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve the same performance level as activated sludge units.Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 °C and 40 °C, the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature. Most surface aerated vessels operate at between 4 °C and 32 °C.Filter beds (oxidizing beds)Main article: Trickling filterIn older plants and plants receiving more variable loads, trickling filter beds are used where the settled sewage liquor is spread onto the surface of a deep bed made up of coke (carbonized coal), limestone chips or specially fabricated plastic media. Such media must have high surface areas to support the biofilms that form. The liquor is distributed through perforated rotating arms radiating from a central pivot. The distributed liquor trickles through this bed and is collected in drains at the base. These drains also provide a source of air which percolates up through the bed, keeping it aerobic. Biologica l films of bacteria, protozoa and fungi form on the media’s surfaces and eat or otherwise reduce the organic content. This biofilm is grazed by insect larvae and worms which help maintain an optimal thickness. Overloading of beds increases the thickness of the film leading to clogging of the filter media and ponding on the surface.Biological aerated filtersBiological Aerated (or Anoxic) Filter (BAF) or Biofilters combine filtration with biological carbon reduction, nitrification or denitrification. BAF usually includes a reactor filled with a filter media. The media is either in suspension or supported by a gravel layer at the foot of the filter. The dual purpose of this media is to support highly active biomass that is attached to it and to filter suspended solids. Carbon reduction and ammonia conversion occurs in aerobic mode and sometime achieved in a single reactor while nitrate conversion occurs in anoxic mode. BAF is operated either in upflow or downflow configuration depending on design specified by manufacturer.Membrane bioreactorsMembrane bioreactors (MBR) combine activated sludge treatment with a membrane liquid-solid separation process. The membrane component uses low pressure microfiltration or ultra filtration membranes and eliminates the need for clarification and tertiary filtration. The membranes are typically immersed in the aeration tank; however, some applications utilize a separate membrane tank. One of the key benefits of an MBR system is that it effectively overcomes the limitations associated with poor settling of sludge in conventional activated sludge (CAS) processes. The technology permits bioreactor operation with considerably higher mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentration than CAS systems, which are limited by sludge settling. The process is typically operated at MLSS in the range of 8,000–12,000 mg/L, while CAS are operated in the range of 2,000–3,000 mg/L. The elevated biomass concentration in the MBR process allows for very effective removal of both soluble and particulate biodegradable materials at higher loading rates. Thus increased Sludge Retention Times (SRTs) — usually exceeding 15 days — ensure complete nitrification even in extremely cold weather.The cost of building and operating an MBR is usually higher than conventional wastewater treatment. Membrane filters can be blinded with grease or abraded by suspended grit and lack a clarifier's flexibility to pass peak flows. The technology has become increasingly popular for reliably pretreated waste streams and has gainedwider acceptance where infiltration and inflowhave been controlled, however, and the life-cyclecosts have been steadily decreasing. The smallfootprint of MBR systems, and the high qualityeffluent produced, make them particularly usefulfor water reuse applications.There are MBR plants being built throughout theworld, including North Librty, Iowa, Georgia, andCanada.Secondary sedimentationThe final step in the secondary treatment stage is to settle out the biological floc or filter material and produce sewage water containing very low levels of organic material and suspended matter.Rotating biological contactorsMain article: Rotating biological contactorRotating biological contactors(RBCs) are mechanical secondarytreatment systems, which arerobust and capable ofwithstanding surges in organicload. RBCs were first installed inGermany in 1960 and have sincebeen developed and refined into areliable operating unit. Therotating disks support the growthof bacteria and micro-organismspresent in the sewage, whichbreakdown and stabilise organicpollutants. To be successful, micro-organisms need both oxygen to live and food to grow. Oxygen is obtained from the atmosphere as the disks rotate. As the micro-organisms grow, they build up on the media until they are sloughed off due to shear forces provided by the rotating discs in the sewage. Effluent from the RBC is then passed through final clarifiers where the micro-organisms in suspension settle as a sludge. The sludge is withdrawn from the clarifier for further treatment.A functionally similar biological filtering system has become popular as part of home aquarium filtration and purification. The aquarium water is drawn up out of the tank and then cascaded over a freely spinning corrugated fiber-mesh wheel before passing through a media filter and back into the aquarium. The spinning mesh wheel develops a biofilm coating of microorganisms that feed on the suspended wastes in the aquarium water and are also exposed to the atmosphere as the wheel rotates. This is especially good at removing waste urea and ammonia urinated into the aquarium water by the fish and other animals.。
(一)给排水设计基本术语1、给排水工程的通用术语2.给排水工程中系统和水量方面的术语(1)直流水系统once through system水经一次使用后即行排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
(2)复用水系统water reuse system水经重复利用后再排放或处理后排放的给水系统。
(3)循环水系统water reuse system水经使用后不予排放而循环利用或处理后循环利用的水系统。
(4)生活用水domestic water人类日常生活所需用的水。
(5)生产用水process water生产过程所需用的水。
(6)消防用水fire demand消防用水fire demand(7)浇洒道路用水street flushing demand, road watering对城镇道路进行保养、清洗、降温和消尘等所需用的水。
(8)绿化用水green belt sprinkling, green plot sprinkling对市政绿地等所需用的水。
(9)未预见用水量unforeseen demand给水系统设计中,对难于预不测的各项因素而准备的水量。
(10)自用水量water consumption in water-works 水厂内部生产工艺过程和为其它用途所需用的水量。
(11)管网漏失水量leakage水在输配过程中漏失的水量。
(12)平均日供水量average daily coefficient一年的总体供水量除以全年供水天数所得的数值。
(13)最高日供水量maximum service coefficient 最高日供水量与平均日供水量的比值。
(14)日变化系数daily variation coefficient最高日最高时供水量与该日平均时供水量的比值(15)时变化系数hourly variation cofficient最高日最高时供水量与该日平均时供水量的比值。
(16)最小服务水头minimum service head配水管网在网户接管点处应维持的最小水头。
UNIT 1给水工程water supply engineering 排水工程sewage engineering市政工程civil engineering市政工程师civil engineer环境工程environmental engineering 水文学hydrology水力学hydranlies水环境natural aquatic environment 流域watershed水体waterbody地表水surface water淡水freshwater地下水groundwater含水层aquifer天然含水层natural aquifer地下含水层underground aquifer水文循环natural hydrologic cycle 渗滤infiltration降水precipitation渗入precolation蒸发evaporation蒸腾transpiration城市水文循环urban hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatment配水water distribution用水water use污水sewage废水wastewater废水收集wastewater collection废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receiving waters污染pollution pollute污染物pollutant玷污、污染contamination致污物contaminant未污染uncontaminated水污染water pollution水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water pollution prevention污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统municipal distribution system建筑给水系统house water supply system分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district小社区small community冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protection system喷淋系统fire protection sprinkler system自动水幕系统automatic drencher system半自动水幕系统semi automatic drencher system消火栓hydrant排水系统drainage system生活排水系统sanitary system工业排水系统industrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制combined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统building drainage system卫生洁具plumbing fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water transmission system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distribution system环状管网grid (looped)system支状管网branching(branched) system下水管道sanitary sewer污水节流管intercepting(中间截取) sewer污水节流系统intercepting sewer system污水节流井sewage intercepting well支管collection (目的:收集)sewer collector sewer生活污水sanitary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水industrial wastewater工业污水/液/物industrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes雨水rainwater stormwater水位waterlevel海拔、标高elevation坡度grade倾斜度slope明渠Open channel开挖ex cava tion深度excavation depth水力分析hydraulic analysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit 3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydranlic grade line 重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump station给水泵站Water pump station污水泵站Sewage station提升泵站Lift pumping plant增压泵Booster pump离心泵Centrifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump潜水艇Submerine深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Manhole法兰Flange阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pumping system流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity层流Laminar flow滞流粘性流viscous flow过渡流Transitional flow湍流Turbulent flow紊流Turbulence flow涡流Eddying flow雷诺数Teynolds number水质Water guality 水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water未处理水Untreated water出水Finished water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality standards水质要求Water quality requirements饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water饮用水标准Drinking water standards饮用水一级标Primary drinking water standards最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels最大污染物浓度Maxmum contaminant levels主要污染物Primary contaminants有机化合物Organic chemicals合成有机化合物Synthetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物V olatile organic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro organisms\microbes微生物污染Microbial contaminants病原微生物Pathogenic micro organisms病原体Pathogenic病毒Pathogenic bacterin细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radionuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolouration变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity unit浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor number化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do balance氧损Oxygen depletion有机污染物Organic pollutant生化需氧量Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)总氮Total nitrogen (TN)总凯式氮Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)悬浮固体Suspended solids (SS)总悬浮固体Total suspended solids (TSS)溶解Dissolved (DS)总溶解Total dissolved (TDS)Unit 4溶解的铁和锰Dissolved iron and manganese硬度Hardness碱度Alkalinity盐度Salinity有害物质Toxic and hazardous materials氰化物Cyanides急性毒性Acute toxity慢性毒性Chronic toxity基因毒性Genetic toxicity基因Gene难降解有机化合物Refractory organic chemicals 永久性有机污染物Persistent organic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals三卤甲烷Trihalo methanes卤素Halogen甲基Methyl氯仿Trichloromethane三氯甲烷Chloroform杀虫剂农药Pesticide害虫Pest杀虫剂Insecticide除草剂Herbicide杀菌剂Germicide细菌Germ防腐剂Preservative保证Preserve清洗剂Cleaning agent洗涤剂Detergent发泡剂Foaming agent泡沫Foam化肥Fertilizer肥沃的Fertile富营养化Eutrophication营养的Trophic营养水平Trophic level生态位NicheUnit 5原污水Raw sewage原废水Raw wastes 处理水Treated wastes回用水Redaimed water水处理过程Water processing收集Collect处置Dispose处理方法Treatment method处理费用Treatment costs处理单元Treatment process运行模式Operational mode间歇处理方式Batch treatment approach均匀均化Equalization均匀Equalize调蓄水池Equalization storage调节池Equalization tank蓄水池Storage tank降解Degrade分解Decompose分离Separate隔离Separation物理法Physical process物理处理Physical treatment物理处理过程Physical treatment process一级处理Primary treatment初步处理Preliminary treatment格栅筛滤Screening格栅Screen格栅Bar screen栅条Bars钢栅条Steel bars渣耙Cleaning rakes圆形破碎机Circular grinder破碎Grind除砂Degritting砂Grit沙Sand除砂Grit removal沉砂池Grit chamber沉淀Settling沉淀池Settling tank澄清池Clarifier初澄清池Primary clarifier初沉池Primary settling tank一级出水Primary effluent二级处理Secondary treatment二级处理工艺Secondary treatment process生物处理Biological treatment二澄清池Secondary clarifier二沉池Secondary settling tank最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settling tank二级出水Secondary effluent三级处理Tertiary treatment深度处理Advanced treatment废水消毒Waste disinfection出流出水Effluent flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished effluent废水处理厂Wastewater treatment plant污水处理厂Sewage treatment plant二级处理厂Secondary treatment plant城市污水处理Municipal wastewater treatment市政工程Municipal engineering土木工程Civil engineering城市污水处理厂Municipal wastewater treatment plant污水处理能力Sewage treatment capacity电容Capacitance污水处理设施Municipal treatment facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatment tank负荷Load负荷Loadings水力负荷Hydrautic loading污染负荷Pollutant load有机负荷Organic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Unorganic周期性负荷Periodic(intermitlent) loading第五部分:物化处理1.混凝n. coagulation混凝过程coagulation process化学混凝chemical coagulation凝聚n. aggregation絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perikinetic flocculation同向絮凝orthokinetic flocculation混凝剂n. coagulant混凝剂投量coagulant dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagulant dosage 助凝剂coagulant aid助凝剂flocculation aid聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer混合池mixer tank快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-contact tank澄清n. clarificationv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarifying water2.沉淀n. sedimentation沉降n. sedimentation自由沉降plain settling拥挤沉降hindered settling重力沉降gravity settling沉淀池settling tank沉淀池,沉降池sedimentation tank矩形沉淀池rectangular settling tank圆形沉淀池circular settling tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply inclined tube settler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatation泡沫分离foam separation溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skimming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedimentation预沉淀池presedimentation basin3.过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter快滤池rapid filter高速(负荷)滤池high rate filter砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sand filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质,滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. anthracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤—砂滤床coal-sand beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水,滤出水filtered water滤后水,滤池出水filter effluent滤前水,滤池进水filter influent浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期cleaning cycle刮砂法scraping method表面刮砂surface scraping反冲洗backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwashing水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grading4.消毒n. disinfectionv. disinfect消毒剂n. disinfectantdisinfection agent杀菌剂n. germicide消毒过程disinfection process消毒副产物disinfection by-products氯化n. chlorinationv. chlorinate氯化水chlorinated water预氯化n. prechlorination氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlorination 化学消毒剂chemical disinfectants液氯liquid chlorine ,liquefied chlorine氯胺n. chloramines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlorine dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化,臭氧消毒n. ozonation臭氧化v. ozonate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiation灭活n. inactivationv. inactivate接触时间contact time需氯量chlorine demand加氯量,投氯量chlorine dosage ,applied chlorine自由氯,游离氯free chlorine ,free available chlorine化合氯combined chlorine剩余保护residual protection余氯residual chlorine余氯量chlorine residual自由余氯free residual chlorine自由氯余量free chlorine residual化合余氯combined residual chlorine化合氯余量combined chlorine residuals折点氯化(法)breakpoint chlorination折点氯化曲线breakpoint chlorination curve折点加氯量breakpoint dosage氯折点chlorine breakpoint压力钢瓶pressured steel cylinder臭氧发生器ozone generator需臭氧量ozone demand剩余臭氧量ozone residual剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物,病源微生物pathogenic microorganisms病原体n. pathogens致病细菌或病毒pathogenic bacteria or viruses细菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts孢子,芽孢n. spores病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa5.氧化n. oxidation还原n. reduction氧化剂n. oxidant强氧化剂strong oxidizing agent高级氧化法(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化工艺(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化过程(AOP) advanced oxidation process高级氧化技术(AOT)advanced oxidation technology6.吸附n. adsorption活性炭(AC) activated carbon粉末炭(PAC) powdered activated carbon粒状炭(GAC) granular activated carbon颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon活性炭纤维(ACF) activated carbon fiber再生n. regenerationv. regenerate吸附剂n. adsorbent吸附质n. adsorbate吸附塔,吸附柱adsorption column吸附床adsorption bed空床接触时间empty bed contact time吸附带mass transfer zone快速小柱试验rapid small scale column test生物活性炭(BAC) biological activated carbon7.离子交换n. ion exchange离子交换树脂ion exchange resin离子交换器ion exchanger离子交换柱ion exchange column硬度n. hardness除硬hardness removal软化n. softeningv. soften化学软化chemical softening沉淀软化precipitation softening除盐,脱盐n. desaltinationv. desalt去矿化n. demineralizationv. demineralize离子交换软化法ion exchange softening process 离子交换除盐法ion exchange desalting process 复床combined bed混合床mixed bed8.膜分离membrane separation微滤n. microfiltration超滤n. hyperfiltration纳滤n. nanofiltration反渗透reverse osmosis渗透n. osmosis半透膜semipermeable membrane电渗析n. electrodialysis渗析n. dialysis9.其它处理方法中和n. neutralizationv. neutralize酸性废水acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitation沉淀软化precipitation softening电解n. electrolysis电除盐(EDI) n. electrodeionization吹脱、汽提法n. stripping冷却n. cooling冷却水cooling water冷却塔cooling tower第六部分生物处理生物反应器n. bioreactor微生物n.microorganismsn.microbes微生物种群microbial population混合群落mixed communities细菌n. bacteria原生动物n. protozoa真菌n. fungi轮虫n. rotifers生长n. growth繁殖n. reproduction世代时间generation time生长速率growth rates环境因子environmental factors生态因子ecological factors微生物生长动力学microbial growth kinetics1.迟滞期lag phase2.对数生长期exponential-growth phase3.减速生长期decling growth phase稳定期stationary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段endogenous stage内源生长期endogenous growth phase内源呼吸endogenous respiration底物,基质n. substrate底物(基质)利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidation生物降解n. biodegradation生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的,可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. nonbiodegradable生物处理biological treatment废水生物处理biological wastewater treatment废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatmentsystem污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatmentsystem生物处理法biological treatment process生物处理装置biological treatment unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspended-growth treatment processes生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatment processes附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定,稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorganisms好氧氧化aerobic oxidation厌氧的 a. anaerobic厌氧菌anaerobic bacteria厌氧氧化anaerobic oxidation兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境anaerobic environment营养物n. nutrients无机营养物inorganic nutrients营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal生物硝化biological nitrification硝化菌nitrifying bacteria生物反硝化,生物脱氮biological denitrification 生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1.活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorganisms n. microbes 细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludge絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS)returned activated sludge 回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(W AS)waste activated sludge废污泥waste sludge曝气池aeration tank 曝气池aeration basin曝气池aeration chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aeration混合n. mixing曝气系统aeration system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机,空压机air compressor鼓风机,风机n. blower循环/切换n. cycling/switchover扩散装置,扩散器n. diffuser空气扩散装置,空气扩散器air diffuser鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器)bubble air diffuser微气泡扩散装置(扩散器)fine-bubble diffuser扩散板plate diffuser扩散管tube diffuser扩散罩dome diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fine-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fine-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mechanical aeration systems机械曝气mechanical aeration表面曝气surface aeration表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxygen demand供气量air supply氧转移效率oxygen tansfer efficiency可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体nonvolatile solids挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspended solids混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspendedsolids混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatilesuspended solids污泥沉降比(SV) settling velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume index比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aeration tank volume曝气时间aeration period曝气时间aeration time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic residence time水力负荷hydraulic loadingBOD负荷BOD loading普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process传统活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process标准活性污泥法standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conventional activated sludge plant阶段曝气活性污泥step aeration activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷influent load分段进水step loading渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aeration接触稳定活性污泥法contact stabilization activated sludge process再曝气n. reaeration曝气—沉淀—再曝气aeration-sedimentation-reaeration完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatment process高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process延时曝气活性污泥法extended aeration activated sludge process延时曝气法extended aeration process延时曝气extended aeration氧化沟oxidation ditch水平转刷horizontal rotor转刷曝气rotor aeration笼型转刷caged rotor吸附—生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorption-biodegradation process序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR法) sequential batch reactor (SBR) processSBR法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR) sequencing batch reactor (SBR) 序批式反应器(SBR) sequential batch reactor初沉primary clarification曝气n. aeration二沉secondary clarification初沉池primary clarifier二沉池secondary clarifier泵送系统pumping system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. variantSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase 进水阀influent valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水,上清液clear water上清液n. supernatant排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段decant phase滗水装置decant mechanism闲置阶段,待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nutrient removal营养物生物去除biological nutrient removal碳源carbon source硝化n. nitrificationv. nitrify硝化菌nitrifying bacteria反硝化n. denitrificationv. denitrify脱氮n. denitrification生物反硝化,生物脱氮biological denitrification缺氧—好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)anoxic-oxic process厌氧—缺氧—好氧法(A2/O法)anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process脱氮除磷nitrogen and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)anaerobic ammonium oxidation生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membrane biological reactor2.生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltration旋转布水器rotary sprinkler填料n. packings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular orhoneycomb-shaped packings滴滤池trickling filter普通生物滤池trickling filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filter生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotating biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horizontal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)moving-bed biofilm reactor3.厌氧生物处理发酵n. fermentationv. fermentate产酸细菌n. acidogens产甲烷细菌n. methanogens产酸阶段acidogenic phase产甲烷阶段methanogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidogenic fermentation产氢产乙酸H2-producing acetogenesis产甲烷methanogenesis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌methane formers ,methane-forming bacteria有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reducing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow anaerobic sludge blanket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)anaerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage anaerobic biotreatment两相厌氧生物处理two-phase anaerobic biotreatment产酸相acidogenic phase产甲烷相methanogenic phase消化n. digestionv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化anaerobic digestion污泥消化sludge digestion厌氧消化池anaerobic digestor厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器anaerobic expanded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor厌氧生物转盘anaerobic rotating biological contactor4.自然生物处理系统自然净化系统natural purification system稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds土地处理系统land treatment systems废水土地处理land treatment of wastewater净化过程purification process自然净化natural purification污水塘sewage lagoon稳定塘stabilization pondsstabilization lagoons氧化塘oxidation ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reaction厌氧生化反应anaerobic biochemical reaction厌氧分解anaerobic decomposition厌氧分解decompose anaerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilization细菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic plants出流,出水effluent flow光合作用n. photosynthesis厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polishing pond熟化塘maturation lagoon深度处理塘advanced treatment pond三级处理塘tertiary treatment pond土地处理工艺(过程)land treatment processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatment systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatment system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system三级处理水平tertiary treatment level灌溉n. irrigationv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质natural filtration and adsorption properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄—沟表面布水ridge-and-furrow surface spreading喷洒布水系统,喷灌布水系统sprinkler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration land treatment system渗滤—渗透土地处理infiltration-percolation land treatment快速渗滤rapid infiltration快速渗滤法rapid infiltration method过滤作用filtering action吸附作用adsorption action地表漫流土地处理系统overland flow land treatment system地表漫流overland flow径流集水沟runoff collection ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetland天然湿地natural wetland人工湿地constructed wetlandman-made wetland第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积,污泥量sludge volume原污泥,生污泥raw sludge新鲜污泥,生污泥fresh sludge消化污泥,熟污泥digested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatment污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. landfill污泥减量sludge volume reduction污泥稳定化sludge stabilization(污泥)浓缩n. thickening污泥浓缩sludge thickening稳定,稳定化n. stabilizationv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理(调节)n. conditioningv. condition脱水n. dewateringv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer污泥焚烧,污泥焚化n. incineration焚烧炉,焚化炉n. incinerator污泥浓缩sludge thickening物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatment unit浓缩池n. thickener重力浓缩gravity thickening重力浓缩池gravity thickener圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedimentation tank刮泥机sludge scraper搅拌作用stirring action底流n. underflow浓缩的底流thickened underflow浓缩污泥thickened sludge出水n. effluent上清液n. supernatant溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatation thickening溶气气浮dissolved-air floatation气浮池floatation tank入流污泥influent sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floating sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestion消化池n. digester消化池装置digester unit消化n. digestionv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decomposition好氧消化aerobic digestion好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digestion好氧消化过程aerobic digestion process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatmentsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated contact stabilization or延时曝气处理系统extended aeration treatment systemsBOD负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡endogenous decay厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧污泥消化anaerobic sludge digestion有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestion process厌氧消化过程anaerobic digestion process 生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸organic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids 甲烷气methane gas末端产物end product指示剂n. indicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settling污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester supernatant中温消化mesophilic digestion高温消化thermophilic degestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering混合堆肥co-composting污泥处理总成本overall sludge-handling costs第八部分:废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groundwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse 废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用indirect reuse间接废水回用indirect wastewater reuse出水处理effluent treatment回用水reclaimed water排放n. , v. discharge保留n. retention循环n. recyclingv. recycle部分处理n. partial treatment最终用途end use城市污水回用municipal wastewater reuse灌溉n. irrigation景观灌溉landscape irrigation地下水回灌groundwater recharge市政回用municipal reuse直接市政回用direct municipal reuse深度处理,高级处理advanced treatment分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用indirect municipal reuse供水系统,给水系统water supply system取水口n. intake天然同化能力natural assimilative capacity人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreading渗透n. percolation工业回用industrial reuse工艺废水,过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水,过程补充水plant process makeup water冷却塔水cooling tower water选择性处理optional treatment水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed municipal wastewater工业过程industrial processes冷却水cooling water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigation reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatment system间接灌溉回用indirect reuse for irrigation废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm water reuse可回用水reusable waterPartⅨ:第九部分:投资成本,投资费(用)capital costs建设成本,建设费(用)construction costs运行成本,运行费(用)operating costs能耗成本energy costs运行维护operation and maintenance运行控制operational control控制系统control system仪表/控制系统instrumentation/control system自动控制系统,自控系统automatic control system。
给排水外文翻译【概述】外文名称:Water Supply and Drainage【引言】给排水是指人类为了满足生活、生产和环境需求,采集、利用和排放水资源的活动和系统。
随着城市化进程的加速和人们对舒适生活品质的要求不断提高,给排水工程在城市规划和建设中起到至关重要的作用。
本文将介绍给排水外文翻译的重要性、翻译技巧和注意事项,为给排水工程相关专业人员提供参考。
【翻译重要性】给排水工程涉及大量外文文献和技术资料,而国内外水利工程界的发展迅猛,相关外文文献的翻译对于我国的给排水工程建设具有重要意义。
通过翻译,我们可以了解国外先进的给排水技术和管理经验,为我国的工程建设提供参考和借鉴。
同时,翻译还有助于加强国际间的交流合作,促进我国在给排水领域的影响力和地位的进一步提升。
【翻译技巧】1. 理解专业术语:给排水领域涉及大量专业术语,翻译者应对这些术语进行准确理解。
可以通过查阅外文词典或专业词汇表对其进行翻译,避免出现术语误译的情况。
2. 深入研究上下文:在翻译过程中,翻译者应该深入研究原文上下文,理解全文的语境和主旨,以确保翻译结果的准确性和一致性。
3.注意句子结构:外文论文的句子结构和汉语差异较大,翻译者应根据汉语表达习惯进行适当调整,保证译文通顺。
【注意事项】1. 外文翻译要准确传达论文内容,不得随意增删原文内容。
2. 翻译过程中应注意句子结构的转换,确保译文的准确性和流畅性。
3. 注意专业术语翻译的准确性,可以参考国内外相关词汇表和标准进行翻译。
4. 翻译过程中应注意时间和质量的把握,提前制定翻译计划,并进行分段、分步翻译,以确保高质量的翻译成果。
【结论】给排水外文翻译对于我国给排水工程建设和国际交流具有重要意义。
翻译者需要具备扎实的专业知识和翻译技巧,通过深入研究与准确翻译,为我国的工程建设和国际交流贡献力量。
同时,加强对外文文献和技术的翻译工作,不断提高我国在给排水领域的创新能力和核心竞争力,助力我国以科技创新引领未来社会发展的目标实现。
英汉对照给水排水专业名词来源:广州大学水质工程学发表时间:2007-5-24最近更新时间:2008-7-22给水工程watersupplyengineering排水工程sewerage,wastewaterengineering给水系统watersupplysystem排水系统seweragesystem给水水源watersource原水rawwater地表水surfacewater地下水groundwater苦咸水(碱性水)brackishwater;alkalinewater 淡水freshwater冷却水coolingwater废水wastewater污水sewage;wastewater用水量waterconsumption供水量output污水量wastewaterflow;sewageflow用水定额waterconsumptionnorm排水定额wastewaterflownorm水质waterquality渠道channel;conduit干管main泵站pumpinghouse泵站pumpingstation污水处理sewagetreatment;wastewatertreatment 废水处置wastewaterdisposal格栅barscreen曝气aeration沉淀sedimentation澄清clarification过滤filtration离子交换法ionexchange消毒disinfection氯化chlorination余氯residualchlorine游离性余氯freeresidualchlorine结合性余氯combinativeresidualchlorine污泥sludge污泥处置sludgedisposal水头损失headloss贮水池storagereservoir;storagetank过河管rivercrossing倒虹管invertedsiphon稳定stabilization异重流densitycurrent直流水系统oncethroughsystem复用水系统waterreusesystem循环水系统waterreusesystem生活用水domesticwater生产用水processwater消防用水firedemand浇洒道路用水streetflushingdemand,roadwatering 绿化用水greenbeltsprinkling,greenplotsprinkling未预见用水量unforeseendemand自用水量waterconsumptioninwater-works 管网漏失水量leakage平均日供水量averagedailycoefficient 最高日供水量maximumservicecoefficient 日变化系数dailyvariationcoefficient 时变化系数hourlyvariationcoefficient 最小服务水头minimumservicehead管井deepwell,drilledwell管井滤水管deepwellscreen管井沉淀管gritcompartment大口井dugwell;openwell井群batteryofwells渗渠infiltrationgallery地下水取水构筑物及滤层invertedlayer泉室springchamber取水构筑物intakestructure取水口(取水头部)intake进水间intakestructure格网screen吸水井suctionwell净水构筑物purificationstructure 投药chemicaldosing混合mixing凝聚coagulation絮凝flocculation自然沉淀plainsedimentation凝聚沉淀coagulationsedimentation 凝聚剂coagulant助凝剂coagulantaid药剂固定储备量standbyreserve药剂周转储备量currentreserve沉沙池(沉砂池)desiltingbasin;gritchamber预沉池pre-sedimentationtank平流沉淀池horizontalflowsedimentationtank异向流斜管(或斜板)沉淀池tube(plate)settler 同向流斜板沉淀池lamella机械搅拌澄清池accelerator水力循环澄清池circulationclarifier脉冲澄清池plusator悬浮澄清池sludgeblanketclarifier液面负荷surfaceload气浮池floataiontank气浮溶气罐disslovedairvessel气浮接触室contactchamber快滤池rapidfilter虹吸滤池siphonfilter无阀滤池pressurefilter压力滤池pressurefilter移动罩滤池movablehoodbackwashingfilter 滤料filteringmedia承托层gradedgracellayer滤速rateoffiltration滤池配水系统filterunderdrainsystem表面冲洗surfacewashing反冲洗backwash气水反冲洗air-waterwashing滤池冲洗水量filterwashwaterconsumption 冲洗强度intensityofbackwashing膨胀率percentageofbed-expansion除铁接触氧化法contact-axidation清水池clean-waterreservoir配水管网distributionsystem;pipesystem环状管网pipenetwork枝状管网branchsystem水管支墩buttress;anchorage软化水softenedwater除盐水demineralizedwater高纯水high-puritywater;ultra-highpuritywater 除硅desilication;silicaremoval脱碱dialkalization酸洗acidcleaning石灰浆limeslurry石灰乳milkoflime树脂污染resinfouling树脂降解resindegradation离子交换剂ionexchanger离子交换树脂ionexchangeresin弱碱性阴离子交换树脂weak-baseexchangeresin强碱性阴离子交换树脂strong-baseanionexchangeresin弱酸性慢离子交换树脂weak-acidexchangeresin强酸性阳离子交换树脂storng-acidcationexchangeresin凝胶型离子交换树脂gel–typeionexangeresin大孔型离子交换树脂macro-reticulartypeionexchangeresin 磺化煤sulfonatedcoal后处理post-treatment再生regemeration再生液置换rinsedisplacement二级钠离子交换twostagesodiumiopnexchange顺流再生co-currentregeneration对流再生counter-currentregeneration逆流再生up-flowregeneration浮动床fluidizedbed混合离子交换器mixedbed空气顶压逆流再生airholddownC.C.C,airblanketC.C.R水顶压逆流再生waterholddownC.C.R,waterblanketC.C.R 无顶压逆流再生atmosphericpressbedC.C.R离子交换剂床层膨胀率ionexchangebedexpansion移动床movingbed再生剂耗量chemicalconsumption,regenerantconsumption 再生剂量regenerationlever再生剂计量chemicalmeasurement超滤器ultrafilter微孔过滤器microporusfilter双层床stratabed,multibed双室床doublebed分步再生stepwiseregeration工作交换容量operatingcapacity树脂捕捉器resintrapper电渗析器dlectordialyzer反渗透器reverseosmosisunit一级除盐系统primarydemineralixationsystem单塔单周期移动床monobedandsinglecyclemovingbed 双塔连续再生移动床duadbedcontactor单床离子交换器mono-bedionexchange冷却塔coolingtower温式冷却塔drycoolingtower干式冷却塔drycoolingtower干一湿式冷却塔dry-wetcoolingtower自然通风冷却塔naturaldraftcoolingtower机械通风冷却塔mechamicaldraftcoolingtower风筒式冷却塔chimneycoolingtower开放式冷却塔atmosphericcoolingtower抽风式机械通风冷却塔induceddraftmechanicalcoolingtower 鼓风式机械通风冷却塔forceddraftmechnicalcoolingtower 横流式冷却塔crossfolwcoolingtower逆流式冷却塔counterflowcoolingtower淋水填料packing点滴式淋水材料splashpacking薄膜式淋水材料filmpacking点滴薄膜式淋水填料splash-filmpacking冷却塔配水系统coolingtowerdistributionsystem槽式配水系统troughingdistributionsystem管式配水系统pipingdistributionsystem管――槽结合式配水系统pipe-troughingdistrbutionsystem 池式配水系统hotwaterdistributionbasin旋转布水器rotatingdistributor溅水喷嘴spraynozzle冷却塔配水竖件verticalwellofwaterdistribution淋水面积areaofwaterdrenching淋水密度waterdrenchingdensity逼近度approach冷却水温差coolingrange除水器drifteliminator飘滴drift湿空气回流recirculationofwetair喷水池qpraypond冷却池coolingpond深水型冷却池shallowcoolingpond浅水型冷却池deepcoolingpond挡热墙skimmerwall潜水堰submergedweir蒸发损失evaporationloss风吹损失windageloss渗漏损失seepageloss温差异重流thermaldensityflow水面综合散热系数heattransfercoefficient 循环冷却水recirculatingcoolingwater直流冷却水once-throughcoolingwater直接冷却水dircetcoolingwater间接冷却水indirectcoolintwater补充水make-upwater旁流sidestream排污blowdown循环冷却水系统recirculatingcoolingwatersystem直流冷却水系统once-throughcoolingwatersystem敞开式循环冷却水系统openedrecirculationcoolingwatersystem 密闭式循环冷却水系统closedrecirculationcoolingwatersystem 结垢scale污垢fouling生物粘泥slime,biologicalfouling污垢热阻foulingresistance生物粘泥量slimecontent腐蚀corrosion全面腐蚀(均匀腐蚀)generalcorrosion局部腐蚀localozedcorrosion垢下腐蚀under-depositcorrosion点蚀pitting腐蚀率corrosionrate点蚀系数pittingfactor阻垢scaleinhibition缓蚀corrosioninhibition防腐蚀corrosionprevention浓缩倍数cyclwofconcentratin系统容积volumetriccontentofsystem饱和指数saturationindex,Langelierindex 稳定指数saturationinde,Langelierindex 冷却水处理coolimgwatertreatment旁流水处理side-streamtreatment补充水处理make-upwatertreatment加酸处理scidification菌藻处理microbiogiaclcontrol 旁流过滤side-dtreamfiltration 预膜perfillmimg降解degradation监测试片monitoringcoupon腐蚀试片corrosioncoupon阻垢剂scaleinhibitor分散剂dispersant缓蚀剂corrosioninhibitor杀生物剂biocide预膜剂prefilmingabent剥离剂strippingagent表面活性剂surfactant消泡剂defoamingagent排水制度sewwersystem合流制combinedsystem分流制separatesystem检查井manhole跃水井dropmanhole事故排出口emergencgoutlet暴雨溢流井(截留井)stormoverflowwell,interceptingwell 防潮门tidegate生活污水domesticsewage,domesticwastewater工业废水industrialwastewater生产污水pollutedindustrialwastewater生产废水non-pollutedindustrialwastewater城市污水municipalsewage;municipalwastewater旱流污水dryweatherflow水体自净self-purificationofwaterbodies一级处理primarytreatment二级处理secondarytreatment生物处理biologicaltreatment活性污泥法activatedsludgeprocess生物膜法biomembranceprocess双层沉淀池(隐化池)Imhofftank初次沉淀池primarysedimentationtank二次沉淀池secondarysedimentationtank生物滤池biologicalfilter,tricklingfilter 塔式生物滤池biotower生物转盘rotatingbiologicaldisk生物接触氧化bio-contactoxidation曝气池aerationtank推流曝气plugflowaeration完全混合曝气complete-mixingaeration普通曝气conventionalaeration阶段曝气stepaeration吸附再生曝气biosorptionprocess,contactstabilization 高负荷曝气high-rateaeration延时曝气extendedaeration氧化沟oxidationaitch稳定塘(氧化塘)stabilizationpond,oxidationpond灌溉田sewagefarming隔油池oilsepartor固定布水器fixeddistributor活动布水器movabledistributor空气扩散曝气diffusedairaeration浅层曝气inkaaeration机械表面曝气mechamicalxurfaceaeration混合液mixedliquor堰门weirgate原污泥rawsludge初沉污泥primarysludge二沉污泥secondarysludge活性污泥activatedsludge消化污泥activatedsludge回流污泥returnedsludge剩余污泥excessactivatedsludge 污泥气sludgegas污泥消化sludgedigestion好氧消化aerobicsigestion厌氧消化anaerobicdigestion中温消化mesophilicdigestion 高温消化thermophilicdigestion污泥浓缩sludgethickening污泥淘洗elutriationofsludge污泥脱水sludgedewatering污泥真空过滤sludgevacuumfiltration 污泥压滤sludgepressurefiltration 污泥干化sludgedrying污泥焚烧sludgeincineration合流水量combinedflow雨水量stormrunoff暴雨强度rainfallintensity人口当量populationequivalent重现期recurrenceinterval降雨历时durationofrainfall地面集水时间timeofflow管内流行时间timeofflow汇水面积catchmentarea充满度depthratio表面水力负荷hydraulicsurfaceloading 固体负荷solidloading堰负荷weirloading容积负荷volumeloading表面有机负荷organicsurfaceloading 污泥负荷sludgeloading需氧量oxygendemand供氧(气)量oxygen(air)supply氧转移率oxygentransferefficiency充氧能力oxygenationcapacity泥饼产率sludgecakeproduction污泥回流比returnsludgeratio污泥浓度sludgeconcentration截流倍数interceptionratio径流系数runoffcoefficient总变化系数peakingvariationfactor生化需氧量biochemicaloxygendemand化学需氧量chemicaloxygendemand耗氧量oxygenconsumption悬浮固体suspendedsolid电镀废水electroplatingwastewater电镀清洗废水electroplatingrinse-wastewater闭路循环closedsystem,closedloop连续处理continuoustreatment间歇处理batchtreatment清洗槽rinsetank连续式逆流清洗continuouscountercurrentrinsing间歇式逆流清洗intermittentcountercurrentrinsing 反喷洗清洗backsprayrinsing清洗用水定额rinsingwaternorm末级清洗槽浓度finalrinsetankconcentration清洗倍率rinsingratio碱性氯化法alkalinechlorinationprocess一级氧化处理firststageoxidationtreatment二级氧化处理secondstageoxidationtreatment槽内处理法tanktreatment铁氧体法ferritertechnique树脂交换容量resinexchangecapacity空间流速spaceflowrate交换流速exchangeflowrate再生周期regenerationperiod洗脱液spentregenerant离子交换柱ionexchangecolumn电解处理法electrolytictreatment电极密度electrodedensity极距electrodedistance双极性电极bipolarelectrode不溶性阳极insolubleanode周期换向periodicreversal脉冲电解pulseelectrolysis流出水头staticpressureforoutflow给水额定流量rateofflow设计秒流量designflowdesignload卫生器具当量fixtureunit设计小时耗热量heatconsumption热水循环流量hotwatercirculatingflow循环附加流量additionalcirculatingflow配水点pointsofdistribution上行下给式upfeedsystem下行上给式downfeedsystem单向供水onewayservicepipesystem双向供水multi-wayservicepipesystem竖向分区verticaldivisionblock明设exposedinstallation暗设concealedinstallation,embeddedinstallation 回流污染backflowpollution空气间歇airgap粪便污水soil生活废水waste水流转角angleofturningflow内排水系统interiorstormsystem外排水系统outsidestormsystem集中热水供应系统centralheatingsystem开式热水供应系统opensystemofhotwatersupply单管热水供应系统singlepipesystemofhotwatersupply 自然循环naturalcirculation机械循环mechanicalcirculation第一循环管系primarycirculatingsystem第二循环管系secondarycirculatingsystem引入管servicepipe,inletpipe排出管buildingdrain,outletpipe立管verticalpipe,riser,stack横管horizontalpipe悬吊管hangedpipe清扫口cleanout检查口checkhole,checkpipe存水弯trap,water-sealedjoint水封waterseal通气管ventpipe,vent伸顶通气管stackvent专用通气立管specificventstack主通气立管mainventstack副通气立管secondaryventstack,assistantventstack 环形通气管loopvent器具通气管firxturevent结合通气管yokevent,yokeventpipe间接排水管indirectwastepipe雨水斗rainstrainer回水管returnpipe卫生器具plumbingfixtrure,fixture气压给水设备pneumatictank 隔油井greaseinterceptor 降温池coolingtank化粪池septictank接触消毒池disinfectingtank。
给排水常用专有名词中英文对照Introduction给排水工程是指在建筑物内设置一定的设施,以便实现供水、排水、雨水排放和污水处理等功能的工程。
在给排水领域,有很多专有名词,这些名词在建筑设计与施工过程中至关重要。
本文将介绍给排水常用专有名词的中英文对照,以帮助读者更好地了解这些名词的含义。
Pipes1. 水管Water Pipe水管是用来输送清洁水的管道。
水管通常使用聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯、水泥、铸铁等材料制成。
其直径有大小之分,根据工程需要进行选择。
2. 排水管Drain Pipe排水管是用来排放生活污水和雨水的管道。
排水管通常使用聚氯乙烯、铸铁、水泥、预制混凝土等材料制成,其直径大小也有不同规格。
3. 初次排污管Primary Drain Pipe初次排污管通常指从家庭、工厂、商场等的“首次”排污管。
这类管道的直径通常比较大,材料较粗,以便排放大量的污水。
4. 无压排水管Non-pressure Drain Pipe无压排水管是一种不需要压力的排水管道。
这种管道通常建立在建筑物的低处,以便将污水顺利排放出去。
5. 垂直排水管Vertical Drain Pipe垂直排水管是指垂直于地面的排水管道,主要负责将生活污水从建筑物内部排放出去。
Fittings1. 水管接头Water Pipe Joint水管接头通常用于连接水管,其形状很多,可以根据实际需要选择不同类型的接头。
例如,有夹紧接头、螺旋接头等。
2. 排水管接头Drain Pipe Joint排水管接头是用来连接排水管的管道连接件。
这类接头通常是由橡胶、铸铁等材料制成。
3. 弯头Elbow弯头是一种用于改变管道方向的管道连接件,通常由铸铁、钢、铜等材料制成。
4. 管道三通Tee管道三通是一种管道连接件,通常用于将三个管道连接在一起。
这种连接件可以分为不等口径三通和等口径三通。
Valves1. 关闭阀门Stop Valve关闭阀门是一种管道阀门,通常用于中止管道内的水流,以便对管道进行维修或更换。
废水abwasser废水收集wastewater collecti on废水处理wastewater disposal受纳水体receivi ng waters污染polluti on pollute 污染物poll ntant玷污、污染con tam in ati on致污物con tam inant未污染uncon tam in ated 水污染water polluti on 水污染控制water pollution control水污染防治water polluti on preve ntio n 污水回用wastewater reuseUNIT 2水短缺water scarcity 地表水资源surface water resource管网Pipe Network供水系统water supply system市政配水系统muni cipal distributi on system 建筑给水系统house water supply system 分区供水系统dual distribution system小区micro district 小社区small commu nity 冷水供水系统cold water supply system热水供水系统hot water supply system消防系统fire protectio n system喷淋系统fire protecti on spri nkler system 自动水幕系统automatic dren cher system 半自动水幕系统semi automatic dren cher system 消火栓hydra nt排水系统drain age system生活排水系统san itary system工业排水系in dustrial system雨水排水系统stormwater system合流制comb ined sewers分流制separate sewers建筑排水系统buildi ng drain age system 卫生洁具plumbi ng fixtures卫浴设备bathroom fixtures输水系统water tran smissi on system漏水率leakage rate配水系统water distributi on system环状管网grid system支状管网branching system下水管道san itary sewer污水节流管in tercepti ng sewer污水节流系统in tercept ing sewersystem污水节流井sewage in tercept ing cell 支管collect ion sewer collector sewer生活污水san itary sewagedomestic sewagedomestic wastewater工业污水in dustrial wastewater工业污水/ 液/物in dustrial wastes农业用水agricultural wastewater/wastes 雨水rai nwater stormwater水位waterlevel 海拔、标高elevati on坡度grade 倾斜度slope 明渠Open cha nnelUNIT 1给水工程water supply engin eeri ng 排水工程sewetage engin eeri ng市政工程civil engin eeri ng市政工程师civil engin eer环境工程environmen tal engin eeri ng水文学hydrology水力学hydra nlies水环境n atural aquatic environment流域watershed 水体waterbody地表水surface water新鲜水freshwater地下水gro un dwater含水层aquifer天然含水层n atural aquifer地下含水层un dergr ound aquifer水文循环n atural hydrologic cycle渗滤in filtrati on降水precipitati on渗入precolatio n蒸发evaporati on蒸腾tran spiratio n城市水文循环urba n hydrologic cycle 水源water source水资源water resource取水water withdrawal水处理water treatme nt配水water distributi on 用水water use污水wastewater层流Lam inar flow 滞流粘性流viscous flow 过渡流Tran siti onal flow湍流Turbule nt flow紊流Turbule nee flow涡流Eddyi ng flow雷诺数Teyno Ids nu mber水质Water guality水源Water sources供水水源Water supples原水Raw water 未处理水Un treated water出水Fini shed water原水水质Raw-water quality水质标准Water quality sta ndards水质要求Water quality requireme nts饮用水Drink water\potable water自来水Tap water纯水Pure water 饮用水标准Drinking water sta ndards 饮用水一级标Primary drinking water sta ndards 最大允许浓度Maxmum permissible levelsmaxmum allowable levels 最大污染物浓度Maxmum con tami nant levels主要污染物Primary con tam inants有机化合物Orga nic chemicals合成有机化合物Syn thetic organic chemicals挥发性有机化合物Volatile orga nic ohemicals无机化合物Inorganic chemical微生物Micro orga ni sms\microbes微生物污染Microbial co ntami nants病原微生物Pathoge nic micro organi sms病原体Pathoge nic 病毒Pathoge nic bacteri n细菌Bacteria大肠杆菌Coliform bacteria 病毒Viruses藻类Algae浊度Turbidity放射性Radio nuclide感官性状Esthetic qualities审美Esthetic味Taste嗅Odo色Colour变色Discolourati on变色Discolor水质物理参数Physical parameters of water quality 水的物理性质Physical quality of water浊度值Turbidity values浊度单位Turdidity un it浑浊单位Turdid嗅阈值Threshold odor nu mber化学性质Chemical quality水质化学参数Chemical parameters of water quality 溶解氧Dissolved oxygen (DO)溶解氧浓度Do level溶解氧平衡Do bala nee氧损Oxyge n depleti on有机污染物Orga nic polluta nt生化需氧量Biochemicaloxygen dema nd (BOD) 总氮Total nitroge n (TN)开挖excavati on深度excavati on depth水力分析hydraulic an alysis水头pressure head总水头total headUnit3水头损失Head loss速度头动压头Velocity head 静压Static head摩擦水头Friction head水力坡度线Hydra nlicgrade li重力流Gravity flow水塔Water castle贮水箱Cistern泵站Pump stati on给水泵站Water pump statio n 污水泵站Sewage stati on 提升泵站Lift pump ing pla nt 增压泵Booster pump离心泵Cen trifugal pump潜水泵Submer sible pump 潜水艇Submeri ne深井泵Well pump虹吸虹吸管Siphon人孔Ma nhole法兰Fla nge阀门Valve闸阀Gate valve泵送系统Pump ing system 流量Flow rate流速Fluid velocity保证 Preserve 清洗剂 Clea ning age nt 洗涤剂 Deterge nt 发泡剂 Foam ing age nt泡沫 Foam 化肥 Fertilizer 肥沃的Fertile富营养化 Eutrophicati on 营养的 Trophic 营养水平 Trophic level 生态位 NicheUnit 5原污水 Raw sewage 原废水Raw wastes处理水 Treated wastes 回用水 Redaimed water 水处理过程 Water process ing收集 Collect 处置 Dispose 处理方法 Treatment method处理费用 Treatme nt costs 处理单元 Treatme nt process 运行模式 Operati onal mode 间歇处理方式 Batch treatme nt approach均匀均化 Equalization 均匀 Equalize 调蓄水池Equalizati on storage调节池 Equalizati on tank 蓄水池 Storage tank 降解 Degrade 分解 Decompose分离 Separate 隔离 Separati on 物理法 Physical process 物理处理 Physical treatme nt 物理处理过程Physical treatme nt process一级处理 Primary treatme nt 初步处理 Prelimi nary treatme nt 格栅筛滤Screening格栅 Screen 格栅Bar scree n栅条 Bars 钢栅条 Steel bars 渣耙 Clea ningrakes 圆形破碎机Circular grin der破碎 Grind 除砂Degritt ing砂 Grit 沙 Sa nd 除砂 Grit removal 沉砂池 Grit chamber 沉淀 Settli ng 沉淀池 Settli ng tank 澄清池 Clarifier 初澄清池 Primary clarifier 初沉池Primary settli ng tank一级出水 Primary efflue nt 二级处理 Secondary treatme nt 二级处理工艺Secondary treatme nt process生物处理 Biological treatme nt 二澄清池 Secon dary clarifier 二沉池Secon dary settli ng tank总凯式氮 Total Kjeldahl nitroge n (TKN) 悬浮固体 Suspe nded solids (SS) 总悬浮固体 Total suspe nded solids (TSS) 溶解 Dissolved (DS)总溶解 Total dissolved (TDS) Unit 4溶解的铁和锰 Dissolved iron and mangan ese 硬度 Hard ness 碱度 Alkali nity 盐度 Sali nity 有害物质 Toxic and hazardous materials 氰化物 Cya ni des 急性毒性 Acute toxity 慢性毒性 Chro nic toxity 基因毒性 Ge netic toxicity基因 Ge ne 难降解有机化合物 Refractory orga nic chemicals 永久性有机污染物 Persiste nt orga nic pollutants 致癌化学性Carcinogenic chemicals卤素 Haloge n 甲基 Methyl氯仿 Trichlorometha ne 三氯甲烷 Chloroform 杀虫剂 农药 Pesticide 害虫Pest 杀虫剂 In secticide 除草剂 Herbicide 杀菌剂 Germicide 细菌Germ 防腐剂Preservative最终澄清池Final clarifier最终沉淀池Final settli ng tank二级出水Secon dary efflue nt三级处理Tertiary treatme nt深度处理Adva need treatme nt废水消毒Waste disi nfectio n出流出水Efflue nt flow允许浓度Allowable levels优异出水High-quality polished efflue nt废水处理厂Wastewater treatme nt pla nt污水处理厂Sewage treatme nt pla nt二级处理厂Secon dary treatme nt pla nt城市污水处理Muni cipal wastewater treatme nt 市政工程Muni cipal engin eeri ng土木工程Civil engin eeri ng城市污水处理厂Mun icipal wastewater treatme nt pla nt 污水处理能力Sewage treatme nt capacity电容Capacita nee污水处理设施Mun icipal treatme nt facilities 多反应器设施Multi-reactor facility处理池Treatme nt tank负荷Load负荷Load ings水力负荷Hydrautic load ing污染负荷Polluta nt load有机负荷Orga nic load无机负荷Inorganic load不含化肥、农药无机的Un orga nic周期性负荷Periodic(i ntermitle nt) loadi ng第五部分:物化处理1 .混凝n. coagulati on混凝过程coagulati on process化学混凝chemical coagulati on凝聚n. aggregati on絮凝n. flocculationv. flocculate异向絮凝perik in etic flocculati on同向絮凝orthok in etic flocculati on 混凝剂n.coagula nt 混凝剂投量coagula nt dosage烧杯实验jar test最佳混凝剂投量optimum coagula nt dosage助凝剂coagula nt aid助凝剂flocculation aid 聚电解质n. polyelectrolytes快速混合flash-mix ,rapid-mix 快速混合器flash mixer ,rapid mixer 混合池mixer tank 快速混合池flash-mix tank絮凝器n. flocculator 絮凝池flocculation tank固体接触池solids-co ntact tank澄清n. clarificati onv. clarify澄清池n. clarifier高负荷澄清池high rate clarifier澄清水clarify ing water:.沉淀n. sedime ntati on沉降n. sedime ntati on自由沉降plain settli ng拥挤沉降hin dered settli ng重力沉降gravity settli ng沉淀池settli ng tank沉淀池,沉降池sedime ntati on tank矩形沉淀池recta ngular settli ng tank圆形沉淀池circular settli ng tank管式沉淀池tube settler斜管沉淀池steeply in cli ned tubesettler板式沉淀池parallel-plate settler板式沉淀池plate separator气浮n. floatati on泡沫分离foam separati on溶气气浮dissolved-air floatati on气浮池floatation tank表面撇渣装置surface-skim ming device撇去v. skim浮渣n. scum浮渣槽scum trough刮泥机sludge scraper排泥sludge drawoffsludge withdrawal预沉淀n. presedime ntati on预沉淀池presedime ntati on bas in3. 过滤n. filtration滤池n. filter慢滤池slow filter4. 消毒n. dis in fecti onv. disi nfect 消毒剂n. dis infectantdis infection age nt杀菌齐U n. germicide消毒过程dis in fecti on process消毒副产物dis infection by-products氯化n. chlori nati onv. chlori nate氯化水chlori nated water预氯化n. prechlori nati on氯化消毒副产物by-products of chlori nation化学消毒剂chemical dis infectants液氯liquid chlori ne ,liquefied chlori ne力口氯量,投氯量chlori ne dosage , applied chlori ne自由氯,游离氯free chlori ne ,free available chlori ne化合氯comb ined chlori ne剩余保护residual protect ion余氯residual chlori ne 余氯量chlori ne residual 自由余氯free residual chlori ne 自由氯余量free chlori ne residual 化合余氯comb ined residual chlori ne化合氯余量comb ined chlori ne residuals折点氯化(法)breakpo int chlori nati on折点氯化曲线breakpo int chlori nati on curve 折点加氯量breakpo int dosage氯折点chlori ne breakpo int 压力钢瓶pressured steel cyli nder 臭氧发生器ozone gen erator 需臭氧量ozone dema nd 剩余臭氧量ozone residual 剩余臭氧residual ozone致病微生物,病源微生物pathoge nic microorga ni sms病原体n. pathoge ns致病细菌或病毒pathoge nic bacteria or viruses 纟田菌n. bacteria大肠杆菌coliform bacteria阿米巴氏菌amoebic cysts 孢子,芽孢n. spores 病毒n. viruses藻类n. algae原生动物n. protozoa快滤池rapid filter高速(负荷)滤池high rate filter 砂滤池sand filter慢砂滤池slow sand filter快砂滤池rapid sa nd filter重力滤池gravity filter压力滤池pressure filter过滤介质,滤料filter medium石英砂silica sand无烟煤n. an thracite硅藻土diatomaceous earth煤一砂滤床coal-sa nd beds多层滤料multilayered media混合滤料mixed media双层滤料滤池dual media filter双层滤池two-layer filter粗滤料coarse media细滤料fine media助滤剂filter aid滤后水,滤出水filtered water 滤后水,滤池出水filter efflue nt 滤前水,滤池进水filter in flue nt 浊度穿透turbidity breakthrough过滤周期filter cycle清洗周期clea ning cycle刮砂法scrap ing method 表面刮砂surface scrap ing 反冲洗backwash ing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash ing 水力反冲洗hydraulic backwash水力分级hydraulic grad ing 氯胺n. chloram ines次氯酸盐hypochlorites次氯酸钠sodium hypochlorite二氧化氯chlori ne dioxide臭氧n. ozone臭氧化,臭氧消毒n. ozon ati on臭氧化v. ozon ate紫外线(UV) ultraviolet radiation (UV)伽马射线gamma radiati on灭活n. in activati onv. in activate接触时间con tact time需氯量chlori ne dema nd5. 氧化 n. oxidati on还原 n. reductio n 氧化齐 U n. oxida nt 强氧化剂strong oxidiz ing age nt高级氧化法 (AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化工艺 (AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化过程 (AOP) adva need oxidati on process 高级氧化技术(AOT)adva need oxidati on tech no logy再生 n. regen erati onv. rege nerate 吸附剂 n. adsorbe nt 吸附质 n. adsorbate 吸附塔,吸附柱 adsorption colu mn 吸附床 adsorpti on bed 空床接触时间empty bed con tact time吸附带 mass tran sfer zone快速小柱试验 rapid small scale colu mn test生物活性炭 (BAC) biological activated carbon 7.离子交换 n. ion excha nge 离子交换树脂 ion excha nge resin 离子交换器 ion excha nger 沉淀软化 precipitati on softe ning电解 n. electrolysis 电除盐(EDI) n.electrodeionization 吹脱、汽提法n.strippi ng冷去卩 n. cooli ng 冷去卩水 cooli ng water 冷去卩塔 cooli ng tower 第六部分生物处理 生物反应器n. bioreactor 微生物 n.microorga ni smsn. microbes微生物种群microbial population微生物生长动力学 microbial growth kinetics1. 迟滞期 lag phase2. 对数生长期 exp onen tial-growth phase3. 减速生长期decli ng growth phase稳定期 stati onary phase4. 内源呼吸阶段 en doge nous stage 内源生长期en doge nous growth phase6.吸附n. adsorpti on 活性炭 (AC) activated carb on 粉末炭 (PAC ) powdered activated carb on 粒状炭(GAC ) granu lar activated carb on 离子交换柱 ion excha nge colu mn 硬度 n. hard ness 除硬hard ness removal软化 n. softe ning v. softe n化学软化 chemical softe ning 沉淀软化 precipitati on softe ning除盐,脱盐 n. desalt in ati onv. desalt去矿化dem ineralizationv. demi neralize离子父换软化法ion excha nge softe ning process离子父换除盐法 ion excha nge desalt ing process 复床 comb ined bed 混合床mixed bed&膜分离membrane separati on 微滤 microfiltrati on 超滤 hyperfiltratio n 纳滤 nano filtrati on 反渗透 reverse osmosis渗透osmosis半透膜 semipermeable membra ne 电渗析 n. electrodialysis 渗析dialysis9.其它处理方法中和n eutralizatio n v. n eutralize 酸性废水 acidic wastes化学沉淀chemical precipitati on混合群落 mixed com mun ities细菌 n. bacteria 原生动物 n. protozoa真菌 n. fun gi 轮虫 n rotifers 生长 n.growth繁殖 n. reproduct ion 世代时间 gen erati on time 生长速率 growth rates 环境因子 environmen tal factors生态因子ecological factors 颗粒活性炭(GAC) granular activated carbon 活性炭纤维 (ACF) activated carbon fiber内源呼吸en doge nous respirati on底物,基质n. substrate底物(基质)利用substrate utilization生物量n. biomass生物反应biological reaction生物氧化biological oxidatio n生物降解n. biodegradati on生物降解性n. biodegradability生物可降解的,可生物降解的 a. biodegradable不可生物降解的 a. non biodegradable生物处理biological treatme nt废水生物处理biological wastewater treatme nt废水生物处理系统biological wastewater treatment system污水生物处理系统biological sewage treatment system 生物处理法biological treatme nt process生物处理装置biological treatme nt unit串联in series悬浮生长处理法suspe nded-growth treatme nt processes 生物固体biological solids活性污泥activated sludge附着生长处理法attached-growth treatme nt processes 附着的微生物attached microbes微生物附着生长attached microbial growth生物膜n. biofilm代谢n. metabolismv. metabolize稳定,稳定化n. stabilizati on生物代谢biological metabolism微生物代谢microbial metabolism好氧的 a. aerobic好氧菌aerobic bacteria好氧微生物aerobic microorga ni sms好氧氧化aerobic oxidati on厌氧的 a. an aerobic厌氧菌an aerobic bacteria厌氧氧化an aerobic oxidati on兼性的 a. facultative兼性菌facultative bacteria好氧环境aerobic environment厌氧环境an aerobic environment营养物n. nu trie nts无机营养物inorganic nu trie nts营养物去除nu trie nt removal营养物生物去除biological n utrie nt removal脱氮除磷n itroge n and phosphorusremoval生物硝化biological n itrificati on硝化菌n itrify ing bacteria生物反硝化,生物脱氮biological den itrification生物除磷biological phosphorus removal1 .活性污泥法activated sludge process微生物n. microorga ni sms n. microbes细菌n. bacteria生物絮体biological floc微生物絮体microbial floc活性污泥activated sludgev. stabilize絮状活性污泥flocculate-bacterial sludge回流活性污泥(RAS) returned activated sludge回流污泥returned sludge回流污泥recycled sludge剩余污泥excess sludge废活性污泥(WAS) waste activated sludge 废污泥waste sludge曝气池aerati on tank曝气池aerati onbas in曝气池aerati on chamber完全混合曝气池completely mixed aerati on bas in活性污泥池activated sludge tank曝气n. aerati on混合n. mixi ng曝气系统aerati on system曝气器n. aerator压缩空气compressed air空气压缩机,空压机air compressor 鼓风机,风机n. blower 循环/ 切换n. cycling/switchover 扩散装置,扩散器n.diffuser空气扩散装置,空气扩散器鼓泡空气扩散装置(扩散器)微气泡扩散装置(扩散器)扩散板plate diffuser 扩散管tube diffuser 扩散罩domediffuserair diffuserbubble air diffuserfin e-bubble diffuser微气泡扩散曝气fin e-bubble diffused aeration微气泡fin e-bubble大气泡coarse-bubble 静态混合器static mixer机械曝气系统mecha ni cal aeratio nsystems机械曝气mecha nical aeratio n表面曝气surface aerati on表面曝气器surface aerator需氧量oxyge n dema nd供气量air supply 氧转移效率oxyge n tansfer efficie ncy可沉降固体settleable solids挥发性固体volatile solids非挥发性固体non volatile solids 挥发性悬浮固体(VSS) volatile suspe nded solids 混合液mixed liquor混合液悬浮固体(MLSS) mixed liquor suspended solids 混合液挥发性悬浮固体(MLVSS) mixed liquor volatile suspe nded solids污泥沉降比(SV)settli ng velocity污泥容积指数(SVI) sludge volume in dex比耗氧速率(SOUR) specific oxygen uptake rate污泥龄sludge age曝气池容积aerati on tank volume曝气时间aerati on period曝气时间aerati on time水力停留时间(HRT) hydraulic reside nee time 水力负荷hydraulic loadi ngBOD 负荷BOD loadingconven ti onal activated sludge processconven ti onal activated sludge process standard activated sludge process传统活性污泥厂conven ti onal activated sludge pla nt阶段曝气活性污泥step aeratio n activated sludge process分段v. step进水负荷in flue nt load分段进水step loadi ng渐减v. taper渐减曝气tapered aerati on接触稳定活性污泥法con tact stabilizati on activated sludge process再曝气n. reaerati on曝气一沉淀一再曝气aeratio n-sedime ntati on-reaerati on完全好氧处理法complete aerobic treatme nt process高负荷(完全混合)活性污泥法high-rate (completely mixed) activated sludge process 延时曝气活性污泥法exte nded aerati on activated sludge process 延时曝气法exte nded aeratio n process延时曝气exte nded aerati on 氧化沟oxidati on ditch 水平转刷horiz on tal rotor转刷曝气rotor aerati on笼型转刷caged rotor 吸附一生物降解工艺(AB法)adsorpti on-biodegradati on process序批式活性污泥法(SBR 法)sequencing batch reactor(SBR) process、序批式活性污泥法(SBR 法)sequential batch reactor(SBR) processSBR 法SBR process序批式反应器(SBR)seque ncing batch reactor (SBR)序批式反应器(SBR)seque ntial batch reactor初沉primary clarificati on曝气n. aerati on二沉sec on dary clarificati on初沉池primary clarifier二沉池sec on dary clarifier泵送系统pump ing system活性污泥法activated sludge process变体n. varia ntSBR运行周期SBR cycle处理周期process cycle进水阶段fill phase进水阀in flue nt valve反应阶段react phase沉淀阶段settle phase清水,上清液clear water 上清液n. super nata nt排水阶段draw phase滗水阶段deca nt phase滗水装置deca nt mecha nism闲置阶段,待机阶段idle phase营养物去除nu trie nt removal营养物生物去除biological n utrie nt removal碳源carb on source硝化n. n itrificati onv. n itrify硝化菌n itrify ing bacteria反硝化n. den itrificati onv. den itrify普通活性污泥法传统活性污泥法标准活性污泥法脱氮n. den itrificati on生物反硝化,生物脱氮biological den itrificati on缺氧一好氧脱氮工艺(A/O法)ano xic-oxic process厌氧一缺氧一好氧法(A2/Oan aerobic-a no xic-aerobic processA-A-O法同步脱氮除磷工艺an aerobic-a no xic-aerobic process脱氮除磷n itroge n and phosphorus removal厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)an aerobic ammonium oxidati on生物除磷biological phosphorus removal膜生物反应器(MBR)membra ne biological reactor2.生物膜法生物膜n. biofilm生物膜反应器biofilm reactor生物滤池n. biofilter生物过滤n. biofiltratio n旋转布水器rotary spri nkler填料n. pack ings塑料管状或蜂窝状填料plastic tubular or hon eycomb-shaped pack ings滴滤池trickli ng filter普通生物滤池trickli ng filter高负荷生物滤池high-rate filter塔式生物滤池tower biofilter曝气生物滤池(BAF) biological aerated filtermetha ne-form ing bacteria有机酸orga nic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids硫酸盐还原sulfate reduction硫酸盐还原菌sulfate-reduc ing bacteria上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)upflow an aerobic sludge bla nket上升流速upflow velocity厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)an aerobic baffled reactor两段或两级厌氧生物处理two-stage an aerobic biotreatme nt两相厌氧生物处理two-phase an aerobic biotreatme nt产酸相acidoge nic phase产甲烷相metha nogenic phase消化n. digesti onv. digest消化池n. digestor厌氧消化an aerobic digesti on污泥消化sludge digestio n厌氧消化池an aerobic digestor厌氧接触法an aerobic contact process厌氧膨胀床反应器an aerobic expa nded-bed reactor厌氧流化床反应器an aerobic fluidized-bed reactor生物转盘法biodisc process生物转盘rotati ng biological contactor生物转盘n. biodisc塑料盘片plastic discs轻质盘片lightweight discs水平轴horiz on tal shaft生物粘液biological slime粘液层slime layer生物流化床biological fluidized bedbiological fluidised bed生物流化床反应器fluidized-bed bioreactor移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)movi ng-bed biofilm reactor3.厌氧生物处理发酵n. ferme ntatio nv. ferme ntate产酸细菌n. acidoge ns产甲烷细菌n. metha nogens产酸阶段acidoge nic phase产甲烷阶段metha nogenic phase水解n. hydrolysisv. hydrolysis产酸发酵acidoge nic ferme ntati on产氢产乙酸H2-produc ing acetoge nesis产甲烷metha nogen esis产酸菌acid formers产甲烷菌metha ne formers ,厌氧生物转盘an aerobic rotati ng biological con tactor4.自然生物处理系统自然净化系统n atural purificati on system 稳定塘stabilizati on pondsstabilizati on Iago ons氧化塘oxidati on ponds土地处理系统land treatme nt systems废水土地处理land treatme nt of wastewater 净化过程purificatio n process自然净化n atural purificati on污水塘sewage lago on稳定塘stabilizati on pondsstabilizati on Iago ons氧化塘oxidati on ponds好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond好氧生化反应aerobic biochemical reacti on厌氧生化反应an aerobic biochemical reaction 厌氧分解an aerobic decompositi on厌氧分解decompose an aerobically好氧稳定aerobic stabilizati on纟田菌n. bacteria藻类n. algae微型植物microscopic pla nts出流,出水efflue nt flow光合作用n. photos yn thesis厌氧塘an aerobic pond曝气塘aerated pond修饰塘polish ing pond熟化塘maturati on Iago on深度处理塘adva need treatme nt pond三级处理塘tertiary treatme nt pond土地处理工艺(过程)land treatme nt processes关键因素critical factors土壤类型soil type气候n. climate土地处理系统land treatme nt systems慢速土地处理系统slow rate land treatme nt system低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatme nt system三级处理水平tertiary treatme nt level灌溉n. irrigati onv. irrigate土壤的天然过滤和吸附性质n atural filtrati on and adsorpti on properties of soil投配的废水applied wastewater垄一沟表面布水ridge-a nd-furrow surface spreadi ng喷洒布水系统,喷灌布水系统sprin kler systems快速渗滤土地处理系统rapid infiltration landtreatme nt system渗滤一渗透土地处理in filtratio n-percolatio n landtreatme nt快速渗滤rapid in filtration快速渗滤法rapid in filtrati on method过滤作用filteri ng action吸附作用adsorpti on action地表漫流土地处理系统overla nd flow land treatme nt system地表漫流overla nd flow径流集水沟runoff collectio n ditch物理、化学和生物过程physical , chemical , and biological processes湿地n. wetla nd 天然湿地n atural wetla nd人工湿地con structed wetla ndman-made wetla nd第七部分:污泥处理、处置与利用污泥n. sludge生活污水污泥sewage sludge污泥体积,污泥量原污泥,生污泥新sludge volumeraw sludgefresh sludgedigested sludge混合污泥mixed sludge污泥处理sludge treatme nt污泥处置sludge disposal最终处置ultimate disposal填埋n. Ian dfill污泥减量sludge volume reducti on污泥稳定化sludge stabilizati on(污泥)浓缩n. thicke ning 污泥浓缩sludge thicke ning稳定,稳定化n. stabilizati onv. stabilize稳定了的污泥stabilized sludge调理(调节)n. con diti oningv. con diti on脱水n. dewateri ngv. dewater干化n. drying污泥干化场sludge drying bed污泥干燥heat drying干燥器n. dryer 污泥焚烧,污泥焚化n. incin eratio n焚烧炉,焚化炉n. in ci nerator污泥浓缩sludge thicke ning物理过程physical process含水过多的污泥watery sludge稀污泥thin sludge处理装置treatme nt un it浓缩池n. thicke ner重力浓缩gravity thicke ning重力浓缩池gravity thicke ner圆形污水沉淀池circular sewage sedime ntatio n tank 刮泥机sludge scraper 搅拌作用stirri ng acti on 底流n. un derflow浓缩的底流thicke ned un derflow 浓缩污泥thicke ned sludge出水n. efflue nt上清液n. super nata nt溢流v. overflow堰n. weir气浮浓缩floatatio n thicke ning溶气气浮dissolved-air floatati on气浮池floatation tank入流污泥in flue nt sludge污泥絮体sludge flocs撇去v. skim漂浮污泥层floati ng sludge layer污泥消化sludge digestio n消化池n. digester消化池装置digester un it消化n. digesti onv. digest有机固体organic solids生化分解biochemical decompositi on好氧消化aerobic digesti on好氧污泥消化aerobic sludge digesti on好氧消化过程aerobic digesti on process活性污泥池activated sludge tank预制的(成套)活性污泥处理系统prefabricated (package) activated sludge treatme ntsystems预制的接触稳定或prefabricated con tact stabilizati on or延时曝气处理系统exte nded aeratio n treatme nt systemsBOD 负荷BOD loading细胞物质cellular mass内源衰亡en doge nous decay厌氧消化an aerobic digesti on厌氧污泥消化an aerobic sludge digesti on有盖的圆形池covered circular tank消化过程digestio n process厌氧消化过程an aerobic digesti on process 生化反应biochemical reactions有机酸orga nic acids挥发性脂肪酸(VFAs) volatile fatty acids 甲烷气metha ne gas末端产物end product 指示剂n. in dicator污泥消化池气体sludge digester gas污泥沉淀sludge settli ng污泥储存sludge storage消化污泥digested sludge充分消化的污泥well-digested sludge消化池上清液digester super nata nt 中温消化mesophilic digesti on高温消化thermophilic degesti on污泥脱水sludge dewateri ng混合堆肥co-compost ing污泥处理总成本overall sludge-ha ndli ng costs第八部分:废水回用地表水资源surface water resource地下水资源groun dwater resource水短缺water scarcity回用n. , v. reuse11废水回用wastewater reuse直接回用direct reuse直接废水回用direct wastewater reuse间接回用in direct reuse间接废水回用in direct wastewater reuse出水处理efflue nt treatme nt 回用水reclaimed water 排放n. , v. discharge 保留n.reten ti on循环n. recycli ngv. recycle咅B分处理n. partial treatme nt最终用途end use城市污水回用mun icipal wastewater reuse 灌溉n. irrigati on景观灌溉Ian dscape irrigati on地下水回灌groun dwater recharge市政回用mun icipal reuse直接市政回用direct muni cipal reuse深度处理,高级处理adva need treatme nt 分质供水系统dual-distribution system间接市政回用in direct muni cipal reuse供水系统,给水系统water supply system 取水口n. in take天然同化能力n atural assimilative capacity 人工回灌artificial recharge深井注射deep-well injection浅表布水shallow surface spreadi ng渗透n. percolati on工业回用in dustrial reuse废水排放wastewater discharge雨水回用storm waterreuse可回用水reusable waterPart IX : 第九部分:投资成本,投资费(用)capital costs建设成本,建设费(用)con struct ioncosts运行成本,运行费(用)operati ng costs能耗成本en ergy costs运行维护operati on and maintenance运行控制operati onal con trol控制系统con trol system仪表/控制系统in strume ntatio n/c on trol system 自动控制系统,自控系统automatic con trol system工艺废水,过程废水process wastewaters工艺补充水,过程补充水pla nt process makeup water冷去卩塔水cooli ng tower water选择性处理optio nal treatme nt水费water costs回用的城市污水reclaimed muni cipal wastewater工业过程in dustrial processes冷去卩水cooli ng water锅炉给水boiler feedwater灌溉回用irrigati on reuse废水直接灌溉direct irrigation with wastewater低负荷土地处理系统low-rate land treatme nt system间接灌溉回用in direct reuse for irrigati on12。
给排水设计英语词汇采编: 卢丽虹1. 给水工程 water supply engineering原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2. 排水工程 sewerage,wasterwater engineering收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3. 给水系统 water supply system给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定的方式组合成的总体。
4. 排水系统 sewerage system排水的收集、输送、水质的处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5. 给水水源 water source给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6. 原水 raw water由水源地取来的原料水。
7. 地表水 surface water存在于地壳表面,暴露于大气的水。
8. 地下水 ground water存在于地壳岩石裂缝或土壤空隙中的水。
9. 苦咸水(碱性水)brackish water,alkaline water碱度大于硬度的水,并含大量中性盐,ph值大于7。
10. 淡水 fresh water含盐量小于500mg /L的水。
11. 冷却水 cooling water用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
12. 废水 wastewater居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括污水、工业废水和初雨径流入排水管渠的其它水。
13. 污水 sewage,wastewater受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14. 用水量 water consumption用水对象实际使用的水量。
15. 供水量 output向用水对象提供的水量。
16. 污水量 wastewater flow,sewage flow排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
17. 用水定额 water consumption norm对不同的用水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位用水量的数值。
18. 排水定额 wastewater flow norm对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数额。
给水排水设计基本术语中英对照翻译第一篇:给水排水设计基本术语中英对照翻译给水排水设计基本术语中英对照翻译一、通用术语给水排水工程的通用术语及其涵义应符合下列规定:1、给水工程 water supply engineering 原水的取集和处理以及成品水输配的工程。
2、排水工程 sewerage ,wastewater engineering 收集、输送、处理和处置废水的工程。
3、给水系统 water supply system 给水的取水、输水、水质处理和配水等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
4、排水系统sewerage system 排水的收集、输送、水质处理和排放等设施以一定方式组合成的总体。
5、给水水源 water source 给水工程所取用的原水水体。
6、原水raw water 由水源地取来的原料水。
7、地表水surface water 存在于地壳表面,暴露于大气的水。
8、地下水ground water 存在于地壳岩石裂缝或工壤空隙中的水。
9、苦咸水(碱性水)brackish water ,alkaline water 碱度大于硬度的水,并含大量中性盐,PH值大于7。
10、淡水fresh water 含盐量小于500mg/L的水。
11、冷却水cooling water 用以降低被冷却对象温度的水。
12、废水wastewater 居民活动过程中排出的水及径流雨水的总称。
它包括生活污水、工业废水和初雨径流以及流入排水管渠的其它水。
13、污水sewage ,wastewater 受一定污染的来自生活和生产的排出水。
14、用水量 water consumption 用水对象实际使用的水量。
15、污水量 wastewater flow ,sewage flow 排水对象排入污水系统的水量。
16、用水定额 water flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
17、排水定额 wastewater flow norm 对不同的排水对象,在一定时期内制订相对合理的单位排水量的数值。
给排水外文翻译文件编码(008-TTIG-UTITD-GKBTT-PUUTI-WYTUI-8256)浅谈建筑给排水节水技术翻译者:邹金秋(南昌大学给排水071)原文资料:The Discussion of Water-saving Technology about Water Supply and Drainage in Building(Qi Junfeng,, Yang Yanyan, Hu Linpeng)摘要:根据建筑给排水的当前形势,分析建筑给排水的节水技术,达到水资源的高效利用。
节水技术主要包括合理限定配水点的水压,防止超压溢流;完善热水供应系统,减少热水系统的无效冷水量;推广应用节水型配水器具和卫生器具;增加质量好的管道和阀门的应用;以及提高当前热水水池的结构同时提高回水和雨水利用技术。
关键词:建筑给排水,节水,技术引言:水是关系到人类生存和发展的至关重要的资源。
我们国家水资源总量位居世界第六,但是人均水资源占有量只有世界平均水平的四分之一。
水资源在我国的分布及其不均匀,并且全国范围内三分之二的城市已经呈现不同程度的水资源短缺。
最近几年,城市生活惨遭水资源的匮乏和污染问题,这不仅给人们的生活构成了威胁,也成为了社会可持续发展的限制性因素。
所以,我们要更加关注节约用水。
建筑给水是一个系统工程。
除了与节水相关的法律法规外,我们还要加强管理和教育,利用提升水价来促进节约用水,另外需要采用有效地科学技术来保证整个建筑节水的贯彻实施。
一、合理限定配水点的水压,防止超压出流。
节水龙头试验结果显示全开时最大流量为s。
相对应的动压值为,静压值和。
按水龙头的额定流量q=s为标准比较,节水龙头在全开时其流量为额定流量的3倍。
在另一个对67个水龙头的实测中,有47个测点流量超标,超标率达61%。
因此,在给水系统设计中超压出流是个严重的问题,采用以下措施是非常必要的。
A 合理限定配水点的水压《建筑给水排水设计规范》限定了给水分区的水压,而卫生器具最佳使用的静水压力宜为和之间,大部分处于超压出流。
近年来,工程中常用支管减压,这也是节水中的重要措施。
在给水分区的地步,减压后的给水静水压力在满足卫生器具的给水配件的流量时尽量取小值。
建议高层分区给水系统最低卫生器具配水电处静水压大于时,采取加压措施。
B 采取减压措施在给水系统中合理配置减压装置是将水压控制在限制要求内、减少超压出流的技术保障。
减压阀可以减动压,静压;具有良好的运行参数的减压阀可以起到很好的控制和降噪效果。
减压阀已广泛应用于新的建筑中。
然而,减压阀价格较昂贵,所以要经过经济比较后才适合使用减压阀,建议使用比例阀,它具有简单的结构和合理的价格。
减压孔板相对于减压阀来说,系统比较简单,投资较少,管理方便。
但减压孔板只能减动压,不能减静压,且下游的压力随上游压力和流量而变,不够稳定。
所以减压孔板只适合对给水压力要求较低的情况下采用。
二、完善热水供应系统,减少无效冷水量随着人民生活水平的提高和建筑功能的完善,建筑热水系统已逐渐成为建筑给水不可缺少的组成部分。
据调查,给中热水系统,大多存在着严重的水量浪费现象,主要表现在开启热水配水装置后,往往要放掉不少冷水后才能正常使用。
目前我国现行的《建筑给水排水设计规范》中提出了三种热水循环方式:于管循环、立管循环、支管循环。
同时,允许热水系统较小、使用要求不高的定时供应系统,如公共浴室等可不设循环管。
我们以北京市某12层公寓为例,分别计算了该建筑采用支管循环、立管循环、干管循环或无循环方式时,每年的理论无效冷水量、节水量和各种循环方式的回水系统的概算工程成本。
从节水角度和满意程度来看,从好到差的顺序为:支管循环、立管循环、干管循环和无循环。
从投资回收期来看,支管循环方式约为30年,立管循环方式约为年,而干管循环方式约为年。
因此,新建建筑的集中热水供应系统在选择循环方式时需综合考虑节水效果与工程成本,根据建筑性质、建筑标准、地区经济条件等具体情况选用支管循环方式或立管循环方式,尽可能减少乃至消除无效冷水的浪费。
三、采用节水型配水器具和卫生器具A 节水型配水器具在水压相同时,陶瓷阀芯节水龙头和充气水龙头等的节水量可达20%-30%,陶瓷阀芯节水龙头不仅具有良好的出水性能:在关停好几万次后仍然不滴水,而且具有很好的节水效果。
尤其是在静水压比较大,普通水龙头的出水量大时,节水龙头的节水量更大。
与普通淋浴器相比,节水淋浴器每分钟只用9L水,减少了一半的用水量。
在公共建筑中,使用延时自闭冲洗阀或者光电式控制水龙头和冲洗阀可以避免水的浪费。
因为这些卫生器具出水控制在一定的范围内。
另一方面,这些卫生器具在出水一定时间后自动关闭,避免细菌传播。
B 节水卫生器具住宅的冲厕水水量占了一整天用水量的30%-40%。
当前住宅的厕所常采用大便和小便共用同一个冲洗水,冲洗水水量更大,约为11L。
耗水量很大,这显然是种浪费。
采用两档水箱比采用6L水箱更节水。
两档水箱在冲洗小便时,冲水量为3L,而冲洗大便时,冲水量为6L。
四、推广使用优质管材和阀门国内建筑已广泛采用镀锌钢管作为给水系统中的给水干管。
但是,镀锌钢管易腐蚀和滋生细菌,这不仅会造成水的二次污染,而且腐蚀物质的泄露会影响构筑物的环境和水资源。
我国建设部等四部委也联合发布文件,要求自2000年6月1日期,在全国城镇新建住宅给水管道中,禁止使用冷镀锌钢管,并根据当地实际情况逐步限时禁止使用热镀锌钢管,推广应用新型管材。
在建筑给水系统中,塑料管主要包括应聚氯乙烯管,聚氯乙烯管,高密度聚乙烯管,复合聚丁烯管,聚丙烯管,聚丁烯管和丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物等。
复合管包括铝塑复合管,镀塑钢管,钢塑复合管等。
塑料管与镀锌钢管相比,在经济上具有一定优势。
铜管和不锈钢管虽然造价较高,但使用年限厂,还可用于热水系统。
应根据建筑和给水性质,选择合适的优质给水管材。
阀门是建筑给排水中最常用的配件之一,它的类型和质量的好坏能影响用水的质量。
一般的,截止阀比闸阀关得严,闸阀比蝶阀关得严。
液压阀能克服浮球阀的大型尺寸,克服溢流和其他由堵塞引起的缺点;液压阀是浮球阀的浓缩产品。
在同等条件时,我们就应当选用更能够节水的阀门。
五、提高消防水池根据我国目前规范,当市政给水或者天然水源不能满足消防要求时,或者市政给水管为枝状或者只有一条进水管时(除了二类住宅)时,需要设置消防水池。
消防水池的容量要满足在火灾持续时间内室内和室外的消防用水量。
这样,经过计算每栋高层建筑的消防水量非常大,从几百立方米到几千立方米不等。
一般消防水池有两种形式,即把消防水池和生活水池合建,另一种是消防水池单独设置。
当消防水池与生活水池合建时,由于大部分建筑的消防水量比其生活水量大得多,所以生活用水在水池中的停留时间长,导致余氯耗尽影响水质。
因此,在新建建筑的生活水池和消防水池应分开设置。
单独设置消防水池不仅投资大,而且容易由于消防水使用频率低使其产生异味。
为了确保消防水质量,我们必须定期更新消防用水,这就带来水资源的浪费。
因此,我大力推荐几种消防水池的建法。
A 采用消防水池区域合作方式随着城市建筑的发展,高层建筑越来越多。
政府部门应该协调有关单位和部门,大力推广同一小区的邻近建筑共用一个消防水池,并根据实际情况建立共用控制中心。
消防水池的设计应与最大建筑消防用水量相一致。
如此,我们可以节省投资,减少水的浪费,而且还能保证消防用水。
B 开发中水作为消防用水如今,我国有些严重缺水的城市已经要求对中水系统进行探索。
它要求公共建筑应建立中水系统,尤其是大型酒店、宾馆等。
如果我们开发中水作为消防用水,那么可以节约大量生活用水。
如果合理循环使用中水并且和消防用水结合起来形成有效循环,可以解决由消防用水停留时间过长导致的二次污染。
C 充分利用市政水资源随着城市给水管网不断的发展和提升,市政的水量和水质有了很大的提高。
当市政管网能满足发生火灾时的消防用水量,建议取消室内消防水池而直接用市政给水管网供水。
六、开发中水和雨水利用技术建筑节水不仅是要减少用水,而且还是要提高有效水量。
在严重缺水的地区,加大中水和雨水的有效利用是节水的重要组成部分。
中水是污水经适当处理后,达到一定的水质指标的非饮用水。
它可以用于冲洗厕所、城市绿化、冲洗汽车、消防等。
据有关数据显示,使用中水系统,住宅用水量可以节省30%-40%;与此同时排放物也能减少35%-50%;商业区可以减少70%;科研机构可以节约30%。
随着城市的发展和生活水平的提高,城市用水量将继续增加。
在缺少可用水资源的区域,可以提高水的价格,这样中水的建设是经济可行的。
这是污水回用和节水的有力措施,也是节水发展中的必然方向。
与中水相似,雨水回用是把雨水收集、储存、处理,再作为不同类型的水资源。
自1980年以来,欧洲、日本和其他国家,一个接一个地投资对雨水的收集和使用。
研究显示,如果建立雨水收集和利用系统,收集、加工和循环雨水,然后用于冲洗厕所、冲洗汽车、造林、浇洒道路,或者作为景观和河流用水,这将节约相当大的水量。
但并不是每个地方都设和设立这种系统。
如果降雨不大或者用水量不大,系统恢复慢。
因此,根据当地降雨特点、水价、建筑投资、经营投资和用水量,在谨慎考虑是否采用此系统。
结语节水是当代人为下一代获益的义务。
节水是一项系统工程。
我们应该坚持把人的节水意识和节水技术相结合,坚持开发与节约并举,把节约放在首位。
在水资源、水环境承载能力范围内,在社会法规的不断完善和给水条件下,宣传节水意识,完善法律法规,广泛采用各种保护措施,并开发新技术。
这不仅能缓解城市给水和区域用水的矛盾,也能减少废水,并取得较好的社会效益和环境效益。