当前位置：文档之家 › 高考英语语法定语从句要点专题精讲

高考英语语法定语从句要点专题精讲

  • 格式：docx
  • 大小：35.75 KB
  • 文档页数：34

2013届高考英语语法定语从句要点专题精讲

2013届高三英语语法要点精讲（配最新高考+模拟）

专题01 定语从句

【考纲解读】

定语从句在历年的高考全国卷及各地卷的单项填空中，都是考试热点。在今后的高考试题中，定语从句仍是考查的重点。

定语从句常被考查的知识有：（1）九个不同的关系代词或副词引导的限制性定语从句；（2）七个不同的关系代词或副词引导的非限制性定语从句；（3）对as，which，that，what代词的理解区分及运用。考查往往是通过关系代词或关系副词来实现，并考查定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的区别。总之，对定语从句的考查主要集中在关系代词和关系副词的选择上，我们尤其要注意“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

【知识要点】

一、定语从句的意义?

形容词性从句一般称为定语从句，在句子中起定语作用，修饰一个名词或代词，有时可修饰一个句子。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。?

定语从句的位置：一般置于先行词之后，由关系代词和关系副词引导。??

二、关系词的用法?

引导定语从句的关系代词有which，that，who，whom，whose。?

关系副词有when，where，why等。?

关系代词和关系副词不仅有连接先行词和从句的作用，而且在从句中担当一个句子成分。

1.关系代词的用法：?

1)由who引导的定语从句?

关系代词who只能指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。如：?

A teaawho pawledgudent.?

教师是传授知识的人。（关系代词在从句中作主语）?

The man who can do this work will get 1000

dollars.?

能够做此工作的人将获得1000美元。（关系代词who在从句中作主语）?

2)由whom引导的定语从句?

关系代词whom只能指人，是who的宾格，在从句中作宾语，在口语中常常省略。如：?

The man whom youather.?

你在街上碰到的那个人是我父亲。（关系代词who在从句中作宾语，可以省略）?

The woman (whom)you talked wday willday aw.?

昨天和你谈话的那位妇女后天来这儿。（关系代词whom在从句中作宾语，可以?省略）??

3)由that引导的定语从句?

关系代词that在从句中既可以作主语，又可作宾语；既可指人，又可指物。如：?woman tha?

她就是常常来这儿的那个妇女。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指人）?

The book thadesk was written by my grandfather.?

桌子上的那本书是我祖父写的。（关系代词that在从句中作主语，指物。此句中的that可以用which替换）?

Ianything that I can du? 我能为你做点什么呢？（关系代词that在从句中作宾语，指物。此句中的that不能用which替换）?

The passenger and the suitcases that were still

waiting had to be transferred to alane. 仍在等待的乘客和行李只得改乘另一架飞机。(这句的关系代词that不能用which替换，因为它在此句中既指人又指物)?

4)由which引导的定语从句?

关系代词which一般指物，在从句中可作主语，也可以作宾语。如：? He came late，which madacher angry.?

他来晚了，这使老师很生气。（which引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语）?

Thal which I lday.?

那就是我昨天丢失的铅笔。（which引导限定性定语从句，在从句中作宾语，which可以省略）5)由whose引导的定语从句?

关系代词whose是who的所有格，在从句中作定语，既可指人，又可指物。如：?

Tboy whose parents died last year. 这是那个父母去年去世的男孩。 （whose作定语，指人）?

注：“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语。whose 的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序是：“名词+of which”。如：?

They came to a house whose back wall had broken

down.(= the back wall of which)他们来到后墙已经倒塌的一个房子。?

He’s written a bame of which I’ve completely

forgotten.(= whose name)他写了本书，书的名字我彻底忘了。

2.使用关系代词引导定语从句时应注意的几点? 1)当先行词指人时，许多情况下既可以用that也可以用who，但在下列情况下，宜用who而不用that。?

先行词是one，ones，anyone时，宜用who。如：?

Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.?

任何触犯法律的人都应该受到?惩罚。??

先行词为those时，宜用who。如：?

Those who walm sign u想看电影的人在这儿签名。?

一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用that，另一个用who。?

The boy that you met al gadag is ouwho studies

very hard.

昨天早上你在校门口遇到的那个男孩是我们班学习很用功的班长。?

2)当先行词指物时，许多情况下，既可以用关系代词which，也可用关系代词that，但在下列情况中，只能用关系代词that，而不用which。?

在there+be 的句型中，句子的主语是先行词，而且又是物。如：?

There are two novels that I waad.我要读的有两本小说。?

Twork that can be done now. 没有什么工作现在能做的了。? 当先行词为主句的表语或者关系代词为从句的表语时。如：?

Tbook that was bougday.这就是昨天买的书。?

Our school is no longl that it used to be.我们的学校不再是以前的学校了。

以Here is (are)开头的句子时。如：?

Here is a film that will move anyone.这是一部将使任何人受感动的电影。?

Here are two books that I will buy.这是我要买的两本书。?

It is (high)time+定语从句中。如：?

Iat we should have a rest.我们应该休息了。?

It is higaarted out.他们该动身了。?

当先行词是way等词时，关系代词用that或者in

which在定语从句中作方式状语时，在口语中，常可省略。如：?

Tway that my father did this work.这就是我父亲做此工作的方式。?admired the way in which I answered

the qu她羡慕我回答问题的方式。?

在双重限定性定语从句中，如果一个从句用who或者which引导时，那么另一个从句用that引导。如：?

Hudent that I have ever see who can jump highest.? 他是我曾经看到过跳的最高的学生。?budl

wbeautiful in ouat isn’t fa?

我的弟弟在我们的城市最美丽的学校读书，并且离这儿不远。?

当先行词被the last ，the very 和the only修饰时。如：?

Tvat I am looking for.这正是我找的钢笔。?

The only book I waadg.我惟一想看的书不见了。?

在强调句子中，并且以who，which，what开头时。如：?

Who was it that was lost ?究竟是谁迷路了？（此句中，最好不用who来代替that，避免重复）What was it

that you did last week?你上周究竟做什么了？?

当先行词前有序数词时。如：?

You aat I want to a你是我要见的第一个人。?

Td book that I have ever written.这是我写的第二本书。?

当先行词被all，every，no，some，few，little，much，both等修饰时，如：?

This is all that I want to say ag.这就是我在会上要说的。?

Have you any books that are worth reading? 你有值得看的书吗？?

当先行词既指人又指物时。如：?

Tand his achievat I heard about are admired by

them.?

我听说的那位教授和他的成就得到他们的赞美。?

Let’s talk abouandgs that we can remember.?

让我们谈论能够想起的人和事。?

当先行词为anything，everything，nothing时，关系代词用that,不用which；但用g时，用which或者that均可。如：?

Everything we hava is moving.我们在中国看见的东西件件感人。?

I havg that is worth reading.我没有什么值得一读的东西。?

当先行词是疑问代词who时。如：?

Who that you have evan bea? 你曾见过谁能在棋艺上打败他？?

3)that，which，whom在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。如：?

合集下载

陕西学位英语语法精讲：限制性定语从句

陕西学位英语语法精讲：限制性定语从句

全球价格最低，师资最强，课时最长，错过就是过错！ 

全球价格最低，师资最强，课时最长，错过就是过错！  陕西学位英语试题精讲：限制性定语从句 1. I like the second football match __________ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. / 【答案】C 我喜欢上周进行的第二场足球赛。先行词match 2. There is only one thing __________ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which 【答案】B only修饰先行词thing 连接词选that 3. All _____ is needed is a Supply of oil． A．the thing B．that C．what D．which 【答案】B 先行词是all 连接词that 4. He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school. A．that B．when C．who D．which 【答案】A 先行词有人有物品 连接词that 5. I’ve got a bottle of beer, but I haven’t got anything ______ I can open it with. A. that B. what C. where D. which 【答案】A 先行词是不定代词，连接词that 6. This is the dictionary _____ I depend a lot whenever I have problems with new words. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. for which 【答案】 C 此句测试定语从句的用法.depend on 依靠,取决于.因此C为正确答案。 7. The beautiful dress _______ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A．in which B．worn by C．through which D．on which 【答案】A Miss Jones went to the ball in the beautiful dress. 介词不能省略 8. The knife _______we cut the bread is very sharp. A．which B．that C．with it D．with which 【答案】D we cut the breadwith the knife介词不能省略 9. The Second World War _______ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A．on which B．where C．in that D．during which 【答案】D millions of people were killed during the war 介词不能省略 10. Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _______ people were eaten by the tiger. . A. in which B. by which C. which D. that 【答案】A people were eaten by the tiger in the scenes介词不能省略 11. Of those ____ had applied for the jobs, only two were accepted. A. persons B. that C. who D. which 【答案】C who引导定语从句修饰those，并在定语从句中做主语；在修饰代词时，引导词一般不用that。of表示范围“在……当中”；apply for：申请。句意为：在那些申请工作的人当中，只有两个被录用了。 全球价格最低，师资最强，课时最长，错过就是过错！ 

2022届高考英语语法精讲精练：定语从句

2022届高考英语语法精讲精练：定语从句

第 1 页 共 9 页

2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（定语从句）

考点清单一、关系代词that和which

要点精讲1：1.that用作关系代词，指人或物；在句中作主语、宾语，有时作表语；2.that用作关系副词，作方式状语（that相当于in which，可以省略），先行词是the way。3.只用that不用which的场合：①先行词既为人又为物时；②先行词被序数词词或形容词最高级修饰时；③先行词是all, much, little, everything,

nothing. anything等不定代词时；④先行词被only, very, little, all等修饰时。

【即时训练】用关系代词that或which填空。

1. I don’t like the way _______you speak to her.

2. He is the only man __________ I can find for the work.

3. He is no longer the man _________he was five years ago.

4. The first English novel __________ I read was Gone With Wind.

5. This is one of the most exciting football games _______ I have ever seen.

6. John told his parents about the cities and the people _________ he had visited.

7. (2018·全国II)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a

高考英语语法专题复习：定语从句(含练习题及答案)

高考英语语法专题复习：定语从句(含练习题及答案)

第 1 页 共 15 页 高考英语语法专题复习：定语从句

一、定语从句定义

定语从句指在句子中起形容词作用的主谓结构，它通常跟在所修饰的名词或者代词之后。这些被修饰的名词或代词被称为“先行词”。引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。

常见的关系代词包括：that（指人或物），which（指代物），who和whom（指代人），whose（指代人或物）。

关系代词引导的从句不是完整的句子，缺少名词成分。

常见关系副词包括：when，where和why。

关系副词引导的从句是完整的句子，不缺少名词成分。

以上两点也是做题时判断关系词的重要依据。

二、定语从句分类

第 2 页 共 15 页 限制性定语从句：紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开。这类从句构成了先行词不可缺少的部分，与主句的关系非常紧密，去掉主句意思往往变得不明确。

例：Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.

任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。

非限制性定语从句：从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。这类从句是先行词的附加说明，它与主句往往用逗号隔开，而且与主句的关系也比较松散，就算缺少也不会影响全句的理解。

例：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.

这幢房子很漂亮, 是我们上个月买的。

【注意】非限制性定语从句只能用关系代词which或who、whom、whose等引导，不能用that引导，如：

Nobody knows his phone number, which makes it difficult to get in touch with him.（which不能改成that）

Our guide, who was a French Canadian, was an excellent cook.（who不能改成that）

高考高中英语核心语法详解 定语从句

高考高中英语核心语法详解 定语从句

高考高中英语核心语法详解 定语从句

关系从句//定语从句

一、基础知识

1. 由来：两个句子之间要有一个重复元素产生关联。重复点上改写为关系词，由此产生关系从句。这个重复点在主要从句中称为先行词（antecedent）。在关系从句中称为关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。结构一般比较固定：先行词+关系词+从句

例：

The boss lives opposite my house. 那位老板住在我家对面。

He is very rich. 他很富有。

说明： the boss 和 he 为重复点；下面保留boss，把he改写为who，组成一句话：

The boss who lives opposite my house is very rich. 住在我家对面的那位老板很富有。

boss称为为先行词；who为关系引导词； who引导的句子称为关系从句或定语从句。 2.内涵:忌重复原则决定，目的让句子更紧凑；尾重原则，决定重点信息后置。

3.先行词：被关系从句所修饰的词

The tall man who is standing over there is my uncle. 正站在那儿的高个子男士是我叔叔。

man为先行词。

4. 关系词：让两个句子产生关联；具有双重角色；

（1）角色一：代替前面的先行词；

（2）角色二：起到连接作用，并在其引导的句子中承担相应语法成分；

例：This is the book that I bought yesterday. 这是我昨天买的那本书。

that代替前面的先行词book; that同时是其引导句子中bought的宾语。

5. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句

区分口诀: 有无逗号；限定不限定；展开不展开； a. 限制性: 从句紧跟先行词，两者之间无逗号，并且句意特别指定先行词，并不展开。

b.非限制性：先行词与从句中间用逗号隔开;句意非特指不限定，从句继续展开。