2019年英语四级考试重点词汇背诵及解析(9)

2019大学英语四级高频词汇700个45. approve v. 赞成，同意，批准1. alter v. 改变，改动，变更46. stimulate vt. 刺激，激励2. burst vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂47. acquire vt. 取得，获得;学到3. dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of) 48. accomplish vt . 完成，到达;实行4. blast n. 爆炸;气流vi. 炸，炸掉49. network n. 网状物;广播网，电视网;网络5. consume v. 消耗，耗尽50. tide n. 潮汐;潮流6. split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a. 裂开的51. tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的7. spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃52. trace vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹8. spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出53. torture n. /vt. 拷打，折磨9. slip v. 滑动，滑落;忽略54. wander vi. 漫游，闲逛10. slide v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯55. wax n. 蜡11. bacteria n. 细菌56. weave v. 织，编12. breed n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔57. preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持13. budget n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待;谩骂14. candidate n. 候选人62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的15. campus n. 校园63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会16. liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的64. battery n. 电池(组 )17. transform v. 转变，变革;变换65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏18. transmit v. 传播，播送;传递66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物19. transplant v. 移植67. career n. 生涯，职业20. transport vat. 运输，运送n. 运输，运68. vessel n. 船舶;容器，器皿;血管21. shift v. 转移;转动;转变69. vertical a. 垂直的22. vary v. 变化，改变;使多样化70. oblige v. 迫使，责成;使感激23. vanish vi. 消灭，不见71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊24. swallow v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度25. suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，26. suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的27. mild a. 温暖的，暖和的;温柔的，味淡75. petrol n. 汽油28. tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的76. petroleum n. 石油29. nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌(的人或77. delay vt. /n. 推迟，延误，耽搁30. insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的; 78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽31. accelerate vt. 加速，促进79. decent a. 像样的，体面的32. absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的;完全的80. route n. 路;路线;航线33. boundary n. 分界线，边界81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏n. 毁灭，[pl. ] 废墟34. brake n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住(车) 82. sake n. 缘故，理由35. catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目83. satellite n. 卫星36. vague a. 模糊的，不明确的84. scale n. 大小，规模;等级;刻度37. vain n. 徒劳，白费85. temple n. 庙宇38. extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，39. extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的87. tend vi. 易于，趋向40. extreme a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，88. tendency n. 趋向，趋势41. agent n. 代理人，代理商;动因，原因89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，n. 极端42. alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精90. undergo v. 经历，遭受43. appeal n. /vi. 呼吁，恳求91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的44. appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合;改编，改写vt. 使适应45. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位;单身汉140. internal a. 内部的，国内的46. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的;临时的;非正式的141. beforehand ad. 预先，事先47. trap n. 陷阱，圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉142. racial a. 人种的种族的48. vacant a. 空的，未占用的143. radiation n. 放射物，辐射49. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器144. radical a. 根本的;激进的50. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的145. range n. 幅度，范围v. (在某范围内)变动51. optics n. ( 单、复数同形)光学146. wonder n. 惊奇，奇迹v. 想知道，对. . . 感到疑惑52. organ n. 器官，风琴147. isolate vt. 使隔离，使孤立53. excess n. 过分，过量，过剩148. issue n. 问题，争论点;发行，(报刊)一期54. expel v. 驱逐，开除，赶出149. hollow a. 空的，中空的，空虚道55. expend v. 消费150. hook n. 钩vt. 钩住56. expenditure n. 支出，消费;经费151. adequate a. 适当地;足够57. expense n. 开销，费用152. adhere vi. 粘附，附着;遵守，坚持58. expensive a. 花钱多的;价格高贵的153. ban vt. 取缔，禁止59. expand v. 扩大，扩张;展开，膨胀154. capture vt. 俘虏，捕获60. expansion n. 扩大，扩充;发展，膨胀155. valid a. 有效的，有根据的;正当的61. private a. 私人的，个人的156. valley n. 山谷，峡谷62. individual a. 个别的，单独的n. 个人，个体157. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的，始终如一的63. personal a. 个人的，私人的;亲自的158. continuous a. 继续的，连续(不断)的94. personnel n. [ 总称] 人员，员工;人事部门159. continual a. 不断地，频繁的95. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增96. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋161. exploit v. 剥削;利用，开采97. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋162. explore v. 勘探98. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增99. grant vt. 授予，同意，准予164. explosive a. 爆炸的;极易引起争论的119. grand a. 宏伟大，壮丽的，重大的165. remote a. 遥远的，偏僻的120. invade v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭166. removal n. 除去，消除121. acid n. 酸，酸性物质 a. 酸的;尖刻的167. render vt. 使得，致使122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢167. render 解释比较长，可要仔细体会啊!123. balcony n. 阳台168. precaution n. 预防，防备，警惕124. calculate vt. 计算，核算169. idle a. 懒散的，无所事事的125. calendar n. 日历，月历170. identify vt. 认出，鉴定126. optimistic a. 乐观171. identify n. 身份;个性，特性127. optional a. 可以任选的，非强制的172. poverty n. 贫穷128. outstanding a. 杰出的，突出的，显著173. resistant a. (to) 抵抗的，抗. . . 的，耐. . . 的129. export n. 出口(物) v. 出口，输出174. resolve vt. 解决;决定，决意130. import n. 进口(物) v. 进口，输入175. barrel n. 桶131. impose vt. 把. . . 加强(on); 采用，利用176. bargain n. 便宜货vi. 讨价还价132. religion n. 宗教，宗教信仰177. coarse a. 粗的，粗糙的，粗劣的133. religious a. 宗教的178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车134. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者179. code n. 准则，法规，密码135. video n. 电视，视频 a. 电视的，录像的180. coil n. 线圈v. 卷，盘绕136. videotape n. 录像磁带v. 把. . . 录在录像带上181. adult n. 成年人137. offend v. 冒犯，触犯182. advertise v. 为. . . 做广告138. bother v. 打搅，麻烦183. advertisement n. 广告139. interfere v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍184. agency n. 代理商，经销商64. focus v. ( 使)聚集n. 焦点，中心，聚焦231.scratch v./n.抓，搔，扒65. forbid vt. 不许，禁止232.talent n.才能，天资;人才66. debate n. /v. 辩论，争论233.insurance n.保险，保险费67. debt n. 欠债234.insure vt.给...保险，保证，确保68. decade n. 十年235.nevertheless ad.仍然，然而，不过69. enclose vt. 围住;把. . . 装入信封236.neutral a.中立的，中性的70. encounter vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到237.spot n.地点;斑点vt.认出，发现;玷污71. globe n. 地球，世界;地球仪238.spray v.喷，(使)溅散72. global a. 全球的;总的239.medium a.中等的，适中的n.媒介物，新闻媒介73. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览240.media n.新闻传媒74. scandal n. 丑事，丑闻241.auxiliary a. 辅助的，备用的75. significance n. 意义;重要性242.automatic a.自动的76. subsequent a. 随后的，后来的pete vi.竞争，比赛77. virtue n. 美德，优点petent a.有能力的，能胜任的78. virtual a. 实际上的，事实上的petition n. 竞争，比赛79. orient vt. 使适应，(to, toward) 使朝向n. 东方246.distribute vt. 分发80.portion n. 一部分247.disturb vt. 打搅，妨碍81.target n.目标，靶子vt.瞄准248.infer v. 推论，推断82.portable a.手提式的249.integrate v.(into,with)( 使)成为一体，(使)合并83.decline v.拒绝，谢绝;下降250.moist a.潮湿来源:考试大-英语四级考试84.illusion n. 错觉251.moisture n.潮湿85.likelihood n. 可能，可能性252.promote v t. 促进;提升86.stripe n.条纹253.region n.地区;范围;幅度87.emphasize v t.强调，着重254.register v./n.登记，注册88.emotion n. 情感，感情255.stable a.稳定的89.emotional a. 感情的，情绪(上)的256.sophisticated a.老于世故的，老练的;很复杂的90.awful a. 极坏的，威严的，可怕的257.splendid a.极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的91.awkward a. 笨拙的，棘手的258.cancel vt.取消，废除92.clue n.线索，提示259.variable a.易变的，可变的93.collision n. 碰撞，冲突260.prospect n.前景，前途;景象94.device n.装置，设备261.prosperity n. 兴旺，繁荣95.devise v t.发明，策划，想出262.aspect n.方面;朝向;面貌96.inevitable a. 不可避免的263.cope vi.(with)( 成功地)应付，处理97.naval a.海军的264.core n.果心，核心98.navigation n. 航行265.maintain vt. 维持，保持;坚持，主张99.necessity n.必需品;必要性266.mainland n. 大陆100.previous a.先，前，以前的267.discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科101.provision n.[pl.] 给养，口粮;准备，设备，装置268.domestic a.本国的，国内的;家用的;家庭的102.pursue vt.追逐;追求;从事，进行269.constant a.不变的，恒定的n.常数103.stale a.不新鲜的，陈腐的270.cliff n. 悬崖，峭壁104.substitute n.代用品vt.代替271.authority n. 权威;当局105.deserve vt.应受，应得，值得272.audio a.听觉106.discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力273.attitude n. 态度107.professional a.职业的，专门的munity n. 社区，社会108.secure a.安全的，可靠的mit vt. 犯(错误，罪行等)，干(坏事等) 109.security n. 安全，保障ment n./vt. 评论110.distinguish vt. 区分，辨别323.profitable a. 有利可图的111.distress n.痛苦，悲伤vt.使痛苦324.slope n.斜坡，斜面112.facility n.[pl.] 设备，设施;便利，方便325.reinforce vt. 增强，加强113.faculty n. 能力，技能;系，学科，学院;全体教员326.reject vt. 拒绝114.mixture n. 混合，混合物327.fatal a.致命的;重大的115.mood n. 心情，情绪;语气328.fate n.命运116.moral a. 道德上的，有道德的329.humble a.谦逊的;谦虚的117.prominent a. 突出的330.illegal a. 不合法的，非法的118.substance n.物质;实质331.award vt.授予，判给n.奖品，奖金119.substantial a.可观的;牢固的;实质的332.aware a.意识到120.prompt vt. 促使 a.敏捷的，及时的333.column n. 柱，圆柱;栏，专栏121.vivid a. 生动的edy n.喜剧122.vocabulary n. 词汇(量);词汇表335.dumb a.哑的;沉默的123.venture n.风险投资，风险项目v.冒险;取于336.dump vt. 倾卸，倾倒124.version n. 版本，译本;说法337.deaf a.聋的;不愿听的125.waist n. 腰，腰部338.decorate vt.装饰，装璜126.weld v./n. 焊接339.principal a. 最重要的n.负责人，校长127.yawn vi. 打哈欠340.principle n. 原则，原理128.yield vi.(to) 屈服于;让出，放弃n.产量341.prior a.优先的，在前的129.zone n.地区，区域342.priority n. 优先，重点130.strategy n.战略，策略343.prohibit vt. 禁止，不准131.strategic a.战略(上)的，关键的344.remarkable a.值得注意的，异常的，非凡的132.tense a.紧张的v.拉紧n.时态345.remedy n./vt. 补救，医治，治疗133.tension n.紧张(状态)，张力346.repetition n. 重复，反复134.avenue n.林荫道，大街347.vain a.徒劳的，无效的135.available a.现成可用的;可得到的348.undertakev t.承担，着手做;同意，答应parable a.(with,to) 可比较的，类似的349.unique a.唯一的，独特的parative a.比较的，相对的350.obstacle n.障碍(物)，妨碍138.dash vi.猛冲，飞奔351.odd a.奇特的，古怪的;奇数的139.data n.数据，资料352.omit vt. 省略140.dive vi. 跳水，潜水353.opponent n.敌手，对手141.diverse a.不同的，多种多样的354.opportunity n. 机会，时机142.entitle vt. 给...权利，给...资格355.orchestra n.管弦乐队143.regulate vt. 管理，调节356.semester n.学期;半年144.release vt./n.释放，排放;解释解脱357.semiconductor n. 半导体145.exaggerate v.夸大，夸张358.seminar n.研讨会146.evil a. 邪恶的，坏的359.terminal a. 末端的，极限的n.终点147.shrink vi. 起皱，收缩;退缩360.territory n. 领土148.subtract v.减(去) 361.approximate a.大概的，大约v.近似149.suburb n.市郊362.arbitrary a. 随意的，未断的150.subway n.地铁363.architect n.建筑师151.survey n./vt. 调查，勘测364.architecture n. 建筑学152.wealthy a. 富裕的365.biology n. 生物学153.adjust v.调整，调节366.geography n.地理(学)154.attach vt.系，贴;使附属367.geology n. 地质学155.profit n. 利润，益处;v.有益于，有利于368.geometry n. 几何(学)156.arithmetic n. 算术416. virus n. 病毒157.algebra n.代数417. voluntary a. 自愿的158.entertainment n.娱乐;招待，款待418. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自愿(做)159.enthusiasm n.热情，热心419. vote v. 选举n. 选票160.entry n. 进入，入口处;参赛的人(或物) 420. wagon n. 四轮马车，铁路货车161.environment n. 环境421. appoint vt. 任命，委派162.episode n.插曲，片段422. approach v. 靠近，接近n. 途径，方式163.equation n.方程(式) 423. appropriate a. 适当的164.restrain vt. 阻止，抑制424. bunch n. 群，伙;束，串165.restraint n. 抑制，限制425. bundle n. 捆，包，束vt. 收集，归拢166.resume v.(中断后)重新开始426. ceremony n. 典礼，仪式167.severe a.严重的427. chaos n. 混乱，紊乱168.sexual a.性的428. discount n. ( 价格)折扣169.simplicity n. 简单;朴素429. display n. /vt. 陈列，展览170.simplify vt. 简化430. equivalent a. 相等的 a. 相等物171.sorrow n. 悲哀，悲痛431. erect a. 竖直的v. 建造，竖立172.stuff n. 原料，材料vt.填进，塞满432. fax n. /vt. 传真173.temporary a. 暂时的，临时的433. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的174.temptation n. 诱惑，引诱434. fertilizer n. 肥料175.terror n. 恐怖435. grateful a. 感激的176.thrust v.挤，推，插436. gratitude n. 感激177.treaty n.条约，协定437. horror n. 恐怖178.arise vi. 产生，出现，发生;起身438. horrible a. 可怕的179.arouse vt.引起，激起;唤醒439. Internet n. 国际互联网，因特网180.burden n.重担，负荷440. interpret v. 翻译，解释181.bureau n.局，办事处441. interpretation n. 解释，说明182.marvelous a.奇迹般的，惊人的442. jungle n. 丛林，密林183.massive a.大的，大量的，大块的443. knot n. 结vt. 把. . . 打成结184.mature a.成熟的444. leak v. 漏，渗出185.maximum a. 最高的，最大的445. lean vi. 倾斜，倚，靠186.minimum a. 最低的，最小的446. leap vi. 跳跃187.nonsense n.胡说，冒失的行动447. modify vt. 修改100. nucleus n. 核448. nylon n. 尼龙101. retail n. /v. /ad. 零售449. onion n. 洋葱102. retain vt. 保留，保持450. powder n. 粉末451. applicable a. 可应用的，适当的103. restrict vt. 限制，约束452. applicant n. 申请人104. sponsor n. 发起者，主办者vt. 发起，主办，资助453. breadth n. 宽度105. spur n. /vt. 刺激，激励454. conservation n. 保存，保护106. triumph n. 胜利，成功455. conservative a. 保守的107. tuition n. 学费456. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物108. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪457. passion n. 激情，热情109. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生458. passive a. 被动的，消极的110. universal a. 普遍的，通用的;宇宙的459. pat v. /n. 轻拍，轻打111. universe n. 宇宙460. peak n. 山峰，顶点112. via prep. 经由，经过，通过461. phenomenon n. 现象113. vibrate v. 振动，摇摆462. reluctant a. 不情愿的，勉强的188. rely vi. (on ,upon) 依赖，指望509. trend n. 趋向，倾向189. relevant a. 有关的，切题的510. trial n. 审讯;试验190. reliable a. 可靠的511. apparent a. 显然的，明白的191. relief n. 轻松，宽慰;减轻512. appetite n. 胃口;欲望192. reputation n. 名气，声誉513. deposit n. 存款，定金v. 存放，储蓄193. rescue vt. /n. 营救514. deputy n. 副职，代表194. triangle n. 三角(形) 515. derive vt. 取得，得到;(from) 起源于195. sequence n. 连续;顺序516. descend v. 下来，下降196. shallow a. 浅的517. missile n. 导弹197. shiver vi/n. 发抖518. mission n. 使命;代表团198. shrug v. /n. 耸肩519. mist n. 薄雾199. signature n. 签名520. noticeable a. 显而易见到200. sincere a. 诚挚的，真诚的521. notify vt. 通知，告知201. utility n. 功用，效用522. notion n. 概念;意图，想法202. utilize vt. 利用523. resemble vt. 像，类似于203. utter vt. 说出 a. 完全的，彻底的524. reveal vt. 揭露204. variation n. 变化，变动525. revenue n. 收入，岁入;税收205. vehicle n. 交通工具，车辆526. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所206. applause n. 鼓掌，掌声527. shield n. 防护物，盾vt. 保护，防护207. appliance n. 器具，器械528. vital a. 重要的;致命的，生命的208. consent n. 准许，同意vi (to) 准许，同意529. vitally ad. 极度，非常;致命地209. conquer vt. 征服530. urban a. 城市的210. defect n. 缺点，缺陷531. urge vt. 鼓励，激励211. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的532. urgent a. 急迫的，紧急得212. evolve v. 演变533. usage n. 使用，用法213. evolution n. 演变，进化534. violence n. 强力，暴力214. frown v. /n. 皱眉535. violent a. **** 的215. frustrate vt. 使沮丧536. violet a. 紫色的216. guarantee vt. /n. 保证537. weed n. 杂草，野草217. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的538. welfare n. 福利218. jealous a. 妒忌的539. whatsoever ad. (用于否定句)任何219. jeans n. 牛仔裤540. whereas conj. 然而，但是，尽管220. liquor n. 酒，烈性酒541. essential a. 必不可少的;本质的221. liter/litre n. 升542. estimate n. /vt. 估计，估量222. modest a. 谦虚道543. evaluate vt. 评估，评价223. molecule n. 分子544. exceed vt. 超过，越出224. orbit n. 轨道v. (绕. . . )作轨道运行545. exceedingly ad. 非常，极其225. participate v. (in) 参与，参加546. exclaim v. 呼喊，大声说226. particle n. 微粒547. exclude vt. 把. . . 排斥在外，不包括227. particularly ad. 特别，尤其548. exclusive a. 读有的，排他的228. respond vi. 回答，答复;反应549. excursion n. 远足229. response n. 回答，答复;反应550. flash vi. 闪光，闪耀551. flee vi. 逃走230. sensible a. 明智的552. flexible a. 易弯曲的231. sensitive a. 敏感到，灵敏的553. flock n. 羊群，(鸟兽等)一群;一伙人232. tremble vi. 颤抖554. hardware n. 五金器具233. tremendous a. 巨大的;精彩的555. harmony n. 和谐，融洽234. haste n. 急速，急忙602. label n. 标签235. hatred n. 憎恶，憎恨603. merchant n. 商人236. incident n. 事件，事变604. mere a. 仅仅的，只不过的;纯粹的237. index n. 索引，标志605. nuisance n. 令人讨厌的东西(或人) 238. infant n. 婴儿606. numerous a. 众多的，许多的239. infect v. 传染607. parade n. 游行v. 列队行进240. inferior a. 劣等的，次的，下级的608. pants [pl. ] n. 长裤;内裤241. infinite a. 无限的609. partial a. 部分的242. ingredient n. 组成部分610. passport n. 护照243. inhabitant n. 居民611. prescribe vt. 开药，吩咐采用. . . 疗法244. jail n. 监狱612. primitive a. 原始的，早期的245. jam n. 果酱;拥挤，堵塞613. ridge n. 脊，山脊，埂246. jewel n. 宝石614. ridiculous a. 可笑的，荒漠的247. joint a. 连接的;共同的615. redid a. 严格的;僵硬的248. junior a. 年少的;资历较浅的616. withstand vt. 经受，承受249. laser n. 激光617. witness n. 目击者;证据vt. 注意到;证明250. launch vt. 发动，发起618. withdraw v. 收回，撤销251. luxury n. 奢侈; 奢侈品619. slippery a. 滑的252. magnet n. 磁铁，磁体620. smash vt. 粉碎，打烂253. male a. 男性的，雄的621. snap n. /vt. 折断，拉断;快照254. female a. 女性的，雌的622. software n. 软件255. manual a. 用手的，手工做的n. 手册623. solar a. 太阳的256. manufacture vt. /n. 制造，加工624. lunar a. 月的，月球的257. marine a. 海的;海产的625. submerge vi. 潜入水中258. mutual a. 相互的626. submit vi. (to) 屈服，听从259. naked a. 裸露的627. timber n. 木材，原木260. negative a. 否定的，消极的628. tissue n. 组织;薄纱，手巾纸261. neglect vt. 忽视，忽略629. title n. 题目，标题262. origin n. 起源，出身630. tone n. 语气，音调263. oval a. 椭圆形的n. 椭圆形631. drift vi. 漂，漂流264. outset n. 开始，开端632. drip n. 滴265. presumably ad. 大概，可能633. durable a. 耐用的，持久的266. prevail vi. 流行，盛行634. duration n. 持续，持续期间267. quit v. 停止635. dusk n. 黄昏，薄暮268. quotation n. 引文，引语636. leather n. 皮革269. recreation n. 娱乐活动637. legislation n. 法律，法规;立法270. recruit vt. 招募，吸收(新成员) 638. leisure n. 闲暇;悠闲271. rival n. 竞争对手，敌手639. loose a. 松的，宽松的272. shuttle n. 梭子; 航天飞机640. loosen v. 解开，放松273. skim vt. 搬(去)，掠过;浏览641. tannest a. 认真的，诚挚的274. sketch n. 草图;梗概642. earthquake n. 地震275. slender a. 苗条的，修长的643. echo n. 回音，回声276. theme n. 主题644. elaborate a. 精心设计的，复杂的277. textile n. 纺织品645. elastic n. 橡皮圈(带) a. 有弹性的278. tropical a. 热情的，炎热的646. elbow n. 肘279. kneel vi. 跪647. electron n. 电子280. volcano n. 火山694. starvation n. 饥饿，饿死281. volume n. 卷，册;体积，容量695. exhaustion n. 竭力，疲惫282. fatigue n. 疲劳，劳累651. faulty a. 有错误的，有缺696. strike n. 罢工v. 打击，罢工点的697. strength n. 力量，力气114. favorable a. 称赞道;有利的，顺利的698. await vt. 等候115. favorite a. 特别受喜欢的n. 喜爱的人或物699. deportation n. 放逐116. gallery n. 画廊700. closed 关门117. gallon n. 加仑118. gap n. 间隔，差距119. garbage n. 垃圾，废物120. gaze v. 凝视，注视121. gear n. 齿轮，传动装置122. gene n. 基因123. lest conj. 唯恐，免得124. liable a. 可能的，大概的; (to) 易于. . .125. liberal a. 自由得126. liberty n. 自由127. license/license n. 许可证，执照大学英语四级最常考的100个短语1. at the thought of 一想到⋯128. moisture n. 潮湿2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论129. motivate vt. 激励，激发140. at will 随心所欲 668. motive n. 动机，目的4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，669. generate vt. 生成，产生(光、热、电等)670. genius n. 天才，天赋富有5. access(to) 不(可数名词)能接近，进入，了解671. genuine a. 真的，真诚的6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. 672. gasoline n. 汽油Without accident(=safely) 安全地，673. germ n. 微生物，细菌7. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely) 674. gesture n. 姿势，手势自愿地,主动地 675. giant a. 巨大的n. 巨人，巨物8. in accord with 与⋯一致. out of one’s accord with 676. glimpse n. 一瞥，一看同⋯。

2019年6月大学英语四级重点词汇30个2018年6月大学英语四级重点词汇30个1. prohibit…from (=forbid) 禁止, 阻止2. in proportion to 与…成比例3. protect…from 阻止..不受,保护不受4. be proud of 为…自豪5. provide for 为…做准备6. in public 公开地, 当众7. on purpose(=by intention, deliberately)故意8. to the purpose (=useful for one’s purpose)得要领的, 中肯的9. be qualified in 在某种科目或学科上合格 be qualified for 在某种职业上合格10. call…in question 对…表示怀疑11. beyond (all) question (=without question) 毫无疑问12. out of the question (=impossible)不可能的13. in question (=under discussion)所谈及的;14. without question 毫无疑问15. be caught in the rain 被雨淋了16. at random (=without aim or purpose) 随便地, 任意地, 胡乱地17. range over (=cove, include) 范围包括18. range between 范围在..与..之间不等19. at any rate (=at all events)无论如何,总之20. beyond the reach of 无法达到(得到,理解)21. out of reach of 无法够到. within reach of (or within one’s reach) 够得到 ,能拿到22. react to 对…作出反应23. react on upon 对…产生影响24. react against 作出反抗或反对反应25. (be) ready for 准备好做…26. in reality (=in fact, really) 事实上27. beyond all reason 没有道理的28. by reason of (=because of) 因为,因为29. it stands to reason that …理所当然30. reason with (=argue) 劝说。

2019年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreign friend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend a city to him. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and then questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.B) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer. B) It found its way back to the park’s zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists. D) It was sent to the animal control department. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) It is the largest of its kind. B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens. D) It is staring an online exhibition.4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia. B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia. D) Pictures by winners of a wildlife photo contest. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash. B) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages. D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent. B) They are children’s favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame. D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks. B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases. D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University. B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science. D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A) It will be more futuristic. B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining. D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science. B) Youngsters eager to explore.C) Children in their early teens. D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice. B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet. D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure. B) Helpless. C) Concerned. D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect. B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals. D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed. B) Unconcerned. C) Miserable. D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens. B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others’ achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys’ comments.18. A) Offer personalized teaching materials. B) Provide a variety of optional courses.C) Place great emphasis on test scores. D) Pay extra attention to top students. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats and dogs. B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think. D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time. B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain. D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one’s muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one’s muscles in an unusual way.23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week. B) About two days.C) About ten days. D) About four weeks.25. A) Apply muscle creams. B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower. D) Take pain-killers..Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take your chances with tap water? Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or 26 the ruins of Angkor. It’s hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It’s the safe, sane thing to do, right? The bottle is27 , and the label says “pure water”, but maybe what’s inside is not so28 . Would you still be drinking it if you knew that more than 90 percent of all bottled water sold around the world 29 microplastics?That’s the conclusion of a recently 30 study, which analyzed 259 bottles from 11 brands sold in nine countries, 31 an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplastics included a 32 commonly known as PET and are widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and 33 containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, a journalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only by thirsty tourists but also by many of the 2.1 billion worldwide who live with unsafe drinking water.Confronted with this 34 , several bottled-water manufacturers including Nestle and Coco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same methodology. These studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than the Orb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the 35 health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Quiet Heroism of Mail Delivery[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight, Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colder than Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zero in Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degrees below zero in Buffalo, North Dakota, according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businesses closed, and more than 1,000 flights have been canceled.[B] Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail delivery temporarily. “Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPS employees,” USPS announced Wednesday morning, “the Postal Service is suspending delivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digit ZIP Code locations.” Twelve regions were listed as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.[C] As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extreme weather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and other natural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague V ann Newkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destruction and resource scarcity from 2017’s Hurrican e Maria. Natural disasters can wreck a community’s infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services, however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal.[D] Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a drone caught footage of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in that familiar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: The operation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to Rae Ann Haight, the program manager for the national-preparedness office at USPS, Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mail that was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. “I followe d my route like I normally do,” Smith told a reporter. “As I’d come across a box that was up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail—outgoing mail—in it. And so we picked those up and carried on.”[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across the country, 285emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teams are trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property, product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agen cy’s top priority is ensuring that employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as the roads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-open operations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sent elsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming New Orleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed in New Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected from water damage.[F] As soon as it’s safe enough to be outside, couriers start distributing accumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standing addresses to file change-of-address forms with their new location. After Hurricane Katrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of other locations across the country in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, 493.4 million pieces of mail—anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeople from both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can be extremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56 percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still rely on delivery services to be completed. [H] It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such as Social Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitive material. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make sure that Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After Hurricane Florence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local election boards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.[I] Mail companies are logistics companies, which puts them in a special position to help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized its massive infrastruc ture as a “unique federal asset” to be called upon in a disaster or terrorist attack. “I think we’re unique as a federal agency,” USPS official Mike Swigart told me, “because we’re in literally every community in this country … We’re obligated to d eliver to that point on a daily basis.”[J] Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use their expertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than a decade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergency supplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012, the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groups in California, and donated space for 3.1 million pounds of charitable shipping globally. Last October, thecompany pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support for Hurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS’s charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, uses the company’s logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebu ild. “We realize that as a company with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role,” said Eduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs its trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke to Martinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael in Florida with the American Red Cross. “We have an obligation to make sure our communities are thriving, prosperous,” he said.[K] Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disaster may still remain. Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some small routines—mail delivery being one of them—may help residents remember that their communities are still their communities. “When they see that carrier back out on the street,” Swigart said, “that’s the first sign to them that life is starting to return to normal.”36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees’ safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach to communities compared with other federal agencies38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the completion of almost half of payments.40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becoming normal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail service points were set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the U.S. was suspended due to extreme cold weather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributing urgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite of extreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligent teaching assistant to help handlethe enormous number of student questions in the online class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a core requirement of Georgia Tech’s online Master of Science in Computer Science program. Professor Goel alre ady had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn’t enough to deal with the overwhelming number of questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching support. When students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that go unanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to do something to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistant named Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill Watson before releasing her to the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasn’t too great. But Goel and his team sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had ever been asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questions and answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer the students’ questions correctly 97% of the time. The virtual assistant became so advanced and realistic that the students didn’t know she was a computer. The students, who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with artificial intelligence and couldn’t tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn’t inform them about Jill’s true identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about the experience.The goal of Professor Goel’s virtual assistant next year is to take over answering 40% of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson, will of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a much rosier outlook on the future of AI than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gates or Steve Wozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence?A) It is a robot that can answer students’ questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet with?A) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students’ questions were too many to handle.D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill Watson?A) She turned out to be a great success. B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first. D) She was released online as an experiment.49. How did the students feel about Jill Watson?A) They thought she was a bit too artificial. B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge. D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill Watson?A) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.C) Assign her to answer more of students’ questions.D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, an d having a sense of humor don’t hurt. Those are a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from a recent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network and some promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken off in recent years for everything from making movies to building water-saving gadgets. Scientists have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raised more than twice their goal, but others have fallen short of reaching more modest targets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, a team led by science communications scholar Mike Schäfer of the University of Zurich in Switzerland examined the content of the WebPages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report in Public Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform that specializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Although sites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as , , and only present scientific projects. For another, they present the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humor improved success. Most of them engage with potential donors since projects that answered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better. And they target a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 on average, with 30% ofprojects receiving less than $1000. The more money a project sought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project’s s uccess, m ost notably, the size of a scientist’s personal and professional networks, and how much a researcher promotes a project on his or her own. Those two factors are by far more critical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researc hers’ efforts to reach the public, and people give because “they feel a connection to the person” who is doing the fundraising—not necessarily to the science.51. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for their projects?A) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schäfer’s research of recent crowdfunding campaigns?A) To create attractive content for science websites.B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaign?A) The potential benefit to future generations. B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues. D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfunding projects?A) They should be small to be successful. B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care. D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaign?A) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。

2019年专业英语四级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. DICTATION 2. LISTENING COMPREHENSION 3. LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE 4. CLOZE 5. READING COMPREHENSION 6. WRITINGPART I DICTATIONDirections: Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work.听力原文：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.1．Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more. Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided. Now, listen to the passage. SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.______ _____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ _____正确答案：SLANG We often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful. However, they are usually out of place in formal writing / because of a number of drawbacks. / They go out of date quickly / and become tiresome if used too much. / And they may communicate clearly to some readers but not to others. / In general, we should avoid the use of slang in our writing.解析：由标题和首句可知，短文围绕语言中的“俚语”这一主题展开。

2019四级考试核心词汇（101-150） 101、spontaneous 自发的区分：propaganda 宣传 sponge 海绵102、spouse 配偶103、sparkle 闪光spark 星花火闪光104、receipt 【ri`si：t】发票区分recipe【`resipi】烹饪】40、compliment 赞美105、poverty 贫穷106、scandal 丑闻scan 扫描扫描时事，揭露丑闻107、overthrow ****108、repression 压抑109、abstract 摘要abs离去 tract拉——把大意从文章中拉出来110、ensue 紧着发生ensure确定的事就会接着发生ensue111、cognitive 认知的112、lubricate 使润滑113、notion 概念no不用 + tion读音审--书上的概念不用审114、sprinkle 少量;洒spring 春天春天的阳光洒在身上很舒服115、acute 急性的a+cut切得了急性阑尾炎马上切除手术116、spy间谍【短语】spy on 暗中监视117、rectify 纠正118、overhead 在头顶上、管理费用管理费用昂贵，这个烦恼一直在头顶上挥之不去119、destiny 命运、定数120、cellar 地下室cell 密室121、intricate [intrikt] 错综复杂的人吹可他--人家吹牛你就可着他吹吧，这世界多么错综复杂啊! 122、submarine 潜水艇sub(在……下面)+ marine(海洋)--行驶在海洋下，潜水艇123、bureaucracy [bjurkrsi] 官僚主义124、liability 责任lia说谎 + ability水平--谎称自己有水平是不负责任的行为125、escort [esk：t] 护送126、subordinate [sb：dinit] 下级;处于重要地位【短语】subordinate to 次要的、从属的127、 junk 破烂;丢弃【短语】 junk mail 垃圾邮件128、in abundance 充足129、submit to 屈服130、submit oneself to 遵守131、different between 区分;区别132、divert [daiv：t] 使转向133、spiral 螺旋的134、terminate 终止termin(结束)135、 render 致使rend(rond，圆的)+ er(ear耳朵)--圆耳朵，致使他被当做怪物136、eagle 鹰137、encourage 鼓励138、conspicuous 显眼cons(引起共同)+ spic(speak，说)--引起共同说：你的过度显眼，引起了大家的讨论!139、prose 散文p(扑)在rose(玫瑰)上，浪漫的感觉更能写出情书般的散文140、pretext 借口、托词per(预先)+ text(写好的文字)--理由竟然是事先就写好的!!!显然他在有预谋的找借口、找托词!142、discrimination 歧视143、rivalry 竞争144、glamour 魅力过来摸——有魅力145、nourish 养育、怀有(希望等)146、stab 刺【短语】stab in the back 背后中伤、背叛147、armor 盔甲arm武器 + or物--保护物148、enlighten 启发en使 + lighten 点亮149、idiom 习语150、progressive 渐进的pro大量的--大量挑衅需要循序渐进。

Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)be clouded by 使…变黑暗，使…产生阴影a lapse of integrity缺失诚实undermine vt.在...下面掘地道; 削弱...的基础; 用阴险手段毁损, 伤害(健康等); 暗中破坏peer pressure 同年人带来的压力critical adj. 关键的plagiarism n. 剽窃unintentionally adv.无意的misconduct n.不当行为ignorance n.无知，愚昧defense n.防卫elaborate vt. 详尽说明adj.精心制作的fool ourselves into believing 骗自己相信watch out 小心rationalize vt. 使合理化suspension：dismissal from schoolruin reputation 毁坏名声break a law/rule 违法/违规impose vt. 强迫，强加(impose sth. on sb.强加于)deprive sb. of sth. 剥夺fraud n.欺诈worst of all 特别糟糕的是slippery slope 灾难性的急剧下降erode v. 侵蚀，腐蚀invisible adj. 看不见的scandal n. 丑闻Watergate Scandal 水门事件in sum 总之facilitate vt. 使便利，减轻…的困难overwhelm vt. 压倒，制服，打败cautious a.小心的，谨慎的dearly a. 昂贵的Listening Comprehensiongiraffe n. 长颈鹿allergic a. 过敏narrow the topic down 缩小论文题目Sweden n.瑞典Swedish 瑞典人/语administrative a. 行政的，管理的administration n. 行政，管理administrator n.管理者disrespectful a. 不礼貌的，不恭敬的（respectful a.礼貌的，恭敬的respectable a 可敬重的，有身份（名望）的respective a 各自的，各个的）approval n. 赞同，同意insult v&n 侮辱enhance concentration 高度集中注意力interdependence a. 互相依赖的Reading Comprehension(reading in depth)Underlying adj. 在下面的，基础的sustainable a. 合理利用的，可持续的alternative a. 两者择一的，供替代的alternative energy 替代能源combine A and B 使A和B结合/联合comprise vt. 包括，Twelve departments comprise this university.12个系组成了这所大学。

2019年12月英语四级词汇考点：不平常的Women's education may be unusual territory for economists,but enhancingwomen's contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a socialissue.英语四级译文:对于经济学家而言，妇女的教育问题可能并不是个熟悉的领域，但实际上，加强妇女对于社会发展的贡献既是经济学问题，也是社会问题。

四级词汇讲解:本句为复合句，由but连接两个具有转折关系的简单句women's education may be unusualterritory for economists 和enhancing women's contribution to development is actuallyas much an economjc as a social issue。

enhance意为“提高”。

如:He made many efforts to enhance his reputation.他作了许多努力来提高自己的声誉。

contribution意为“贡献”。

如:He minimized the value of her contribution to his research so that he got all the praise.他极力贬低她在他研究中作出的贡献，以独揽全部奖励。

英语四级考点归纳:unusual, uncommon, rare都可以译为“不平常的”，三者的区别在于:※ unusual意为“不平常的;异常的”，强调与正常的状态不同。

如:Snow is an unusual sight in this warm place.在这个暖和的地方下雪是一种罕见的景象。

※ uncommon意为“不凡的;罕有的”，强调事件发生的频率低。

⼤学英语四级考试重点词汇背诵及解析⼤学英语四级考试重点词汇背诵及解析 引导语：⼤学英语四级考试重点词汇背诵及解析，由应届毕业⽣培训⽹整理⽽成，谢谢您的阅读。

1. radiation Experts know that portable devices emit radiation, which affects those wavelengths which aircraft use for navigation and communication.(1999.6) 【全真测试】A. 阳光 B. 放射线 C. 激光 【译⽂】专家了解到这种可便携的装置会辐射射线，这种射线会影响飞⾏器⽤来导航和和联络的波长。

【四级词义】n. 放射线，放射物，辐射 【猜⼀猜】① radical ② radiance ③ radiant 【Key】① adj. 放射的，辐射的② n. 发光，光辉③ adj. 发热的 2. racial The racial discrimination issue was a political hot potato in the United States in the past. 【全真测试】A. 种族的 B. 饮⾷的 C. 卫⽣的 【译⽂】过去，在美国种族歧视问题在政治上是个烫⼿的⼭芋。

【四级词义】adj. ⼈种的，种族的 【巧记】race(种族;⼈种)rac + ial(形容词后缀) 【真题例句】racial pride 种族优越感 3. range Studies over a range of illnesses, from depression to heart disease，reveal that the presence of social support helps people fend off(挡开)illness, and the absence of such support makes poor health more likely.(2000.6) 【全真测试】A. 顺序 B. 范围 C. 内容 【译⽂】研究涉及⼀系列的疾病，从沮丧到⼼脏病，结果显⽰社会的⽀持将有效地阻⽌疾病，⽽没有这种⽀持将很容易造成疾病。

2019年12月四级考试真题及答案第-套Part Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, уоu are allowed 30 minutes to write а letter to а foreignfriend who wants to teach English in China. Please recommend а cityto him. You should write at least 120 words but по more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A、Directions:In this section, уou will hear three news reports. At the end of each newsreport, уоu will hear two or three questions. Both the news report andthen questions will be spoken only once. After уоu hear a question, уоumust choose the best answer. from the four choices markedA), В), C) andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet lwith а singleline through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Many facilities were destroyed by a wandering cow.В) A wandering cow knocked down one of its fences.C) Some tourists were injured by a wandering cow.D) A wandering cow was captured by the police.2. A) It was shot to death by a police officer.￥B) It found its way back to the park' 's zoo.C) It became a great attraction for tourists.D) It was sent to the animal control department.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just hear d.3. A) It is the largest of its kind.B) It is going to be expanded.C) It is displaying more fossil specimens.D) It is staring an online exhibition.&4. A) A collection of bird fossils from Australia.B) Photographs of certain rare fossil exhibits.C) Some ancient wall paintings from Australia.D) Pictures by winners of а wildlife photo contest.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Pick up trash.В) Amuse visitors.C) Deliver messages.$D) Play with children.6. A) They are especially intelligent.B) They are children 's favorite.C) They are quite easy to tame.D) They are clean and pretty.7. A) Children may be harmed by the rooks.B) Children may be tempted to drop litter.C) Children may contract bird diseases.*D) Children may overfeed the rooks.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It will be produced at Harvard University.B) It will be hosted by famous professors.C) It will cover different areas of science.(D) It will focus on recent scientific discoveries.9. A) It will be more futuristic.B) It will be more systematic.C) It will be more entertaining.D) It will be easier to understand.10. A) People interested in science.B) Youngsters eager to explore."C) Children in their early teens.~D) Students majoring in science.11. A) Offer professional advice.B) Provide financial support.C) Help promote it on the Internet.D) Make episodes for its first season.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Unsure.B) Helpless.…C) Concerned.D) Dissatisfied.13. A) He is too concerned with being perfect.B) He loses heart when faced with setbacks.C) He is too ambitious in achieving goals.D) He takes on projects beyond his ability.14. A) Embarrassed.B) Unconcerned.…C) Miserable.D) Resentful.15. A) Try to be optimistic whatever happens.B) Compare his present with his past only.C) Always learn from others' achievements.D) Treat others the way he would be treated.SectionCDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,】you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questionswіll bе ѕроkеn оnlу оnсе. Аftеr уоu hеаr аquеѕtіоn, уои muѕt сhооѕе thеbest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) They have a stronger sense of social responsibility.B) They are more likely to succeed in the humanities.C) They are more likely to become engineers.D) They have greater potential to be leaders.17. A) Praise girls who like to speak up frequently.B) Encourage girls to solve problems on their own.{C) Insist that boys and girls work together more.D) Respond more positively to boys' comments.18. A) Offer personalized teachingB) Provide a variety of optionalC) Place great emphasis on test scores.D) Pay extra attention to top students.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It often rains cats' and dogs.·B) It seldom rains in summer time.C) It does not rain as much as people think.D) It is one of the most rainy cities in the US.20. A) They drive most of the time.B) The rain is usually very light.C) They have got used to the rain.D) The rain comes mostly at night.21. A) It has a lot of places for entertainment.$B) It has never seen thunder and lighting.C) It has fewer cloudy days than any other coastal city.D) It has mild weather both in summer and in winter .Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) It occurs when people are doing a repetitive activity.B) It results from exerting one 's muscles continuously.C) It happens when people engage in an uncommon activity.D) It comes from staining one 's muscles in an unusual way.，23. A) Blood flow and body heat increase in the affected area.B) Body movements in the affected area become difficult.C) They begin to make repairs immediately.D) They gradually become fragmented.24. A) About one week.B) About two days.C) About ten days.D) About four weeks.￥25. A) Apply muscle creams.B) Drink plenty of water.C) Have a hot shower.D) Take pain-killers..Part llI Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required 1oselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowving the passage. Read the passage through carefuly before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.~Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.When travelling overseas, do you buy water in plastic bottles or take yourchances with tap water' Imagine you are wandering about on a Thai island or_ 26the ruins of Angkor. It's hot so you grab a bottle of water from a local vendor. It's thesafe, sane thing to do, right The bottle is_ 27, and the label says“pure water”but maybe what's inside is not you still be drinking it if you knewthat more than 90percent of all bottled water sold around the world_29microplasticsThat's the conclusion of a recently__ 30_study, which analyzed 259 bottlesfrom ll brands sold in nine countries,-31an average of 325 plastic particles per liter of water. These microplastics included a__ 32commonly known as PET and are widely used in the manufacture of clothing and food and_ 33_ containers. The study was conducted at the State University of New York on behalf of Orb Media, ajournalism organization. About a million bottles are bought every minute, not only bythirsty tourists but also by many of the billion worldwide who live with unsafedrinking water.Confronted with this__ 34 several bottled-water manufacturers includingNestle and Coco-Cola undertook their own studies using the same studies showed that their water did contain microplastics, but far less than thOrb study suggested. Regardless, the World Health Organization has now launched a review into the__ 35health risks of drinking water from plastic bottles.A) adequateB) admiringC) containsD) defending%E) evidenceF) instantG) liquidH) modifiedI) naturalJ) potentialK) releasedL) revealing(M) sealedN) solvesO) substance :Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter: Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.The Quiet Heroism of Mail Delivery'·[A] On Wednesday, a polar wind brought bitter cold to the Midwest. Overnight,Chicago reached a low of 21 degrees Fahrenheit below zero, making it slightly colderthan Antarctica, Alaska, and the North Pole. Wind chills were 64 degrees below zeroin Park Rapids, Minnesota, and 45 degreesbelow zero in Buffalo, North Dakota,according to the National Weather Service. Schools, restaurants, and businessesclosed, and more than l ,000 flights have been canceled.【[B] Even the United States Postal Service (USPS) suspended mail deliverytemporarily. "Due to this arctic outbreak and concerns for the safety of USPSemployees," USPS announced Wednesday morning, the Postal Service is suspendingdelivery Jan. 30 in the following 3-digit ZIP Code locations." Twelve regions werelisted as unsafe on Wednesday; on Thursday, eight remained.[C] As global surface temperatures increase, so does the likelihood of extremeweather. In 2018 alone, wildfires, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes, mudslides, and othernatural disasters cost at least $49 billion in the United States. As my colleague VannNewkirk reported, Puerto Rico is still confronting economic and structural destructionand resource scarcity from 2017's Hurricane Maria. Natural disasters can wreck acommunity's infrastructure, disrupting systems for months or years. Some services,however, remind us that life will eventually return, in some form, to normal,[D] Days after the deadly 2017 wildfires in Santa Rosa, California, a dronecaught footage of a USPS worker, Trevor Smith, driving through burned homes in thatfamiliar white van, collecting mail in an affected area. The video is striking: Theoperation is familiar, but the scene looks like the end of the world. According to RaeAnn Haight, the program manager for thenational-preparedness office at USPS,Smith was fulfilling a request made by some of the home owners to pick up any mailthat was left untouched. For Smith, this was just another day on the job. I followedmy route like I normally do," Smith told a reporter. As I'd come across a box thatwas up but with no house, I checked, and there was mail- -outgoing mail- -in it. Andso we picked those up and carried on.'[E] USPS has sophisticated emergency plans for natural disasters. Across thcountry, 285 emergency-management teams are devoted to crisis control. These teamsare trained annually using a framework known as the three Ps: people, property,product. After mail service stops due to weather, the agency 's top priority is ensuringthat employees are safe. Then it evaluates the health of infrastructure, such as theroads that mail carriers drive on. Finally, it decides when and how to re-openoperations. If the destruction is extreme, mail addressed to the area will get sentelsewhere. In response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005, USPS redirected incoming NewOrleans mail to existing mail facilities in Houston. Mail that was already processed inNew Orleans facilities was moved to an upper floor so it would be protected fromwater damage.[F] As soon as it's safe enough to be outside,' couriers start distributingaccumulated mail on the still-accessible routes. USPS urges those without standingaddresses to file change-of- address forms with their new location. After HurricaneKatrina hit in 2005, mail facilities were set up in dozens of other locations across thecountry in the two weeks that USPS was unable to provide street delivery.[G] Every day, USPS processes, on average, million pieces ofmail -anything from postcards to Social Security checks to medicine. Spokespeoplefrom both USPS and UPS told me all mail is important. But some mail can beextremely sensitive and timely. According to data released in January 2017, 56percent of bills are paid online, which means that just under half of payments still relyon delivery services to be completed.[H]It can be hard to identify which parcels are carrying crucial items such asSocial Security checks, but USPS and UPS try their best to prioritize sensitivematerial. They will coordinate with the Social Security Administration to make surethat Social Security checks reach the right people in a timely fashion. After HurricaneFlorence and Hurricane Michael last fall, USPS worked with state and local electionboards to make sure that absentee ballots were available and received on time.^[I] Mail companies are logistics companies, which puts them in a special positionto help when disaster strikes. In a 2011 USPS case study, the agency emphasized itsmassive infrastructure as a unique federal asset" to be called upon in a disaster orterrorist attack. I think we're unique as a federal agency," USPS official MikeSwigart told me, because we're in literally every community in this countryWe' re obligated to deliver to that point on a daily basis.'[J]Private courier companies, which have more dollars to spend, use theirexpertise in logistics to help revitalize damaged areas after a disaster. For more than adecade, FedEx has supported the American Red Cross in its effort to get emergencysupplies to areas affected by disasters, both domestically and internationally. In 2012,the company distributed more than 1,200 MedPacks to Medical Reserve Corps groupsin California, and donated space for million pounds of charitable shipping October, the company pledged $1 million in cash and transportation support forHurricanes Florence and Michael. UPS's charitable arm, the UPS Foundation, usesthe company 's logistics to help disaster-struck areas rebuild. We realize that as acompany with people, trucks, warehouses, we needed to play a larger role," saidEduardo Martinez, the president of the UPS Foundation. The company employs it:trucks and planes to deliver food, medicine, and water. The day before I spoke toMartinez in November, he had been touring the damage from Hurricane Michael inFlorida with the American Red Cross. Wehave an obligation to make sure ourcommunities are thriving, prosperous," he said.[K] Rebuilding can take a long time, and even then, impressions of the disastermay still remain. Returning to a sense of normalcy can be difficult, but some smallroutines- -mail delivery being one of them- -may help residents remember that theircommunities are still their communities. When they see that carrier back out on thestreet," Swigart said, that's the first sign to them that life is starting to return tonormal."36. The United States Postal Service has a system to ensure its employees' safety.37. One official says USPS is unique in that it has more direct reach tccommunities compared with other federal agencies38. Natural disasters can have a long-lasting impact on community life.39. Mail delivery service i$ still responsible for the completion of almost half ofpayments.！40. The sight of a mailman on the street is a reassuring sign of life becomingnormal again.41. After Hurricane Katrina interrupted routine delivery, temporary mail servicepoints were set up.42. Postal service in some regions in the . was suspended due to extreme coldweather.43. Private postal companies also support disaster relief efforts by distributingurgent supplies.44. A dedicated USPS employee was on the job carrying out duties in spite ofextreme conditions.45. Postal services work hard to identify items that require priority treatment.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some;questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line 'through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Professor Ashok Goel of Georgia Tech developed an artificially intelligentteaching assistant to help handle the enormous number of student questions in theonline class, Knowledge Based Artificial Intelligence. This online course is a corerequirement of Georgia Tech's online Master of Science in Computer Scienceprogram. Professor Goelalready had 8 teaching assistants, but that wasn t enough todeal with the overwhelming number of questions from students.Many students drop out of online courses because of the lack of teaching students feel isolated or confused and reach out with questions that gounanswered, their motivation to continue begins to fade. Professor Goel decided to dosomething to remedy this situation and his solution was to create a virtual assistantnamed Jill Watson, which is based on the IBM Watson platform.Goel and his team developed several versions of Jill W atson before releasing herto the online forums. At first, the virtual assistant wasnt too great. But Goel and histeam sourced the online discussion forum to find all 40,000 questions that had everbeen asked since the class was launched. Then they began to feed Jill the questionsand answers. After some adjustment and sufficient time, Jill was able to answer thestudents questions correctly 97% of the time. The L virtual assistant became soadvanced and realistic that the students didn t know she was a computer. The students,who were studying artificial intelligence, were interacting with artificial intelligenceand couldn't tell it apart from a real human being. Goel didn 't inform them about Jill'strue identity until April 26. The students were actually very positive about theexperience.The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant next year is to take over answering40% of all questions posed by students on the online forum. The name, Jill Watson,will of course, change to something else next semester. Professor Goel has a muchrosier outlook on the future of AI than say, Elon Musk, Stephen Hawking, Bill Gatesor Steve Wozniak.46. What do we learn about Knowledge-Based Artificial Intelligence】A) It is a robot that can answer students' questions.B) It is a course designed for students to learn online.C) It is a high-tech device that revolutionizes teaching.D) It is a computer program that aids student learning.47. What problem did Professor Goel meet withA) His students were unsatisfied with the assistants.B) His course was too difficult for the students.C) Students questions were too many to handle.】D) Too many students dropped out of his course.48. What do we learn about Jill WatsonA) She turned out to be a great success.B) She got along pretty well with students.C) She was unwelcome to students at first.D) She was released online as an experiment.10/23149. How did the students feel about Jill W atson）A) They thought she was a bit too artificial.B) They found her not as capable as expected.C) They could not but admire her knowledge.D) They could not tell her from a real person.50. What does Professor Goel plan to do next with Jill W atsonA) Launch different versions of her online.B) Feed her with new questions and answers.c) Assign her to answer more of students questions.&D) Encourage students to interact with her more freely.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Thinking small, being engaging, and having a sense of humor don' t hurt. Thoseare a few of the traits of successful science crowdfunding efforts that emerge from arecent study that examined nearly 400 campaigns. But having a large network andsome promotional skills may be more crucial.Crowdfunding, raising money for a project through online appeals, has taken offin recent years for everything from making movies to building water-saving have tried to tap Internet donors, too, with mixed success. Some raisedmore than twice their goal, but others have fallen short of reaching more modesttargets.To determine what separates science crowdfunding triumphs from failures, ateam led by science communications scholar Mike Schäfer of the University of Zurichin Switzerland examined the content of the WebPages for 371 recent campaigns.Four traits stood out for those that achieved their goals, the researchers report inPublic Understanding of Science. For one, they use a crowdfunding platform thatspecializes in raising money for science, and not just any kind of project. Althoughsites like Kickstarter take all comers, platforms such as Experiment. com,, and Petridish. org only present scientific projects. For another, theypresent the project with a funny video because good visuals and a sense of humorimproved success. Most of them engage with potential donors since projects thatanswered questions from interested donors and posted lab notes fared better. And theytarget a small amount of money. The projects included in the study raised $4000 onaverage, with 30% of projects receiving less than $ 1000. The more money a projectsought, the lower the chance it reached its goal, the researchers found.Other factors may also significantly influence a project's success, most notably,the size of a scientist's personal and professional networks, and how muchresearcher promotes a project on his or her own. Those two factors are by far morecritical than the content on the page. Crowdfunding can be part of researchers effortsto reach the public, and people givebecause they feel a connection to the person"who is doing the fundraising- -not necessarily to the science."11/3151. What do we learn about the scientists trying to raise money online for theirprojectsA) They did not raise much due to modest targets.B) They made use of mixed fundraising strategies.C) Not all of them achieved their anticipated goals.D) Most of them put movies online for the purpose.52. What is the purpose of Mike Schafer's research of recent crowdfundingcampaignsA) To create attractive content for science websites.^B) To identify reasons for their different outcomes.C) To help scientists to launch innovative projects.D) To separate science projects from general ones.53. What trait contributes to the success of a crowdfunding campaignA) The potential benefit to future generations.为B) Its interaction with prospective donors.C) Its originality in addressing financial issues.$D) The value of the proposed project.54. What did the researchers think of the financial targets of crowdfundingprojectsA) They should be small to be successful.B) They should be based on actual needs.C) They should be assessed with great care.D) They should be ambitious to gain notice.55. What motivates people to donate in a crowdfunding campaignA) The ease of access to the content of the webpage.：B) Their desire to contribute to the cause of science.C) The significance and influence of the project itself.D) Their feeling of connection to the scientists themselves.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you cre allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from( 'hinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国家庭十分重视孩子的教育。

2019年英语专业四级真题及答案解析(1/1)PART I DICTATION第1题Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage, except the first sentence, will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of fifteen seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given ONE minute to check through your work once more.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE. The first sentence of the passage is already provided.Now, listen to the passage.SLANGWe often use slang expressions when we talk because they are so vivid and colorful.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________下一题(2~11/共10题)PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A TALKIn this section you will hear a talk.You will hear the talk ONCE ONLY.While listening, you may look at ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap.Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.Now listen to the talk.When it is over, you will be given TWO minutes to check your work. Revision of Essay DraftsThe initial revision should focus on the essay as a whole.The first step:【T1】______【T1】______- the rough draft—containing too little or too much material—discussing things unrelated to【T2】______【T2】______- how to revise—provide【T3】______to convince your readers 【T3】______—eliminate unrelated materialThe second step: revise for organization- group similar ideas in the proper order- produce an outline from the draft to check【T4】______【T4】______The third step: revise for length- mind the stated length- stick to【T5】______【T5】______Revise for【T6】______of the essay 【T6】______-【T7】______by breaking up some longer sentences 【T7】______- use short sentences to make important points- use long sentences to【T8】______【T8】______- eliminate【T9】______expressions 【T9】______- use fresh and interesting descriptions- write with【T10】______as much as possible 【T10】______- write in the active voicePlay00:0005:14Volume第2题【T1】第3题【T2】第4题【T3】第5题【T4】第6题【T5】第7题【T6】第8题【T7】第9题【T8】第10题【T9】第11题【T10】上一题下一题(12~16/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0003:51Volume第12题A.Writer.B.Wells.C.Writer Wells.D.Susan Writer Wells.第13题A.She was a career woman.B.She was then a feminist.C.She didn’t like he r maiden name.D.She took her husband’s surname.第14题A.She named herself after her profession.B.She named herself after her home town.C.She named herself after a day of the week.D.She named herself after the sculptor.第15题A.It gives women greater equality.B.It is a good solution to an old problem.C.The problem troubling feminists still remains.D.The surname problem has partly been solved.第16题A.History of surnames in America.B.Feminist movement in the 1960s.C.Traditional surnames in Europe.D.Reasons for inventing surnames.上一题下一题(17~21/共10题)SECTION B CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear two conversations.At the end of each conversation, five questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken ONCE ONLY.After each question there will be a ten-second pause.During the pause, you should read the four choices of A, B, C and D, and mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.You have THIRTY seconds to preview the questions.Now listen to the conversations.Play00:0003:60Volume第17题A.A reporter from a weekly program.B.An executive director from a company.C.A guest on a weekly program.D.A magazine editor from San Diego.第18题A.To prepare a list of things that you have done.B.To let your boss know that you want a pay rise.C.To let everybody know your achievement.D.To shamelessly promote yourself to your boss.第19题A.Because the boss has the data on your work.B.Because you will be given more work to do.C.Because it is unprofessional to do so.D.Because others may lose trust in you.第20题A.We could earn praise from our boss.B.We may forget the good things we’ve done.C.Things change quickly in work situations.D.The boss will review our performance data.第21题A.Websites.B.Radio programs.C.Research reports.ernment documents.上一题下一题(1/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第22题Moving from beginning to end by order of time, narration relies on a more natural pattern of organization than______.A.will other types of writingB.do other types of writingC.on other types of writingD.other types of writing上一题下一题(2/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第23题______the attempted rescue mission, the hostages might still be alive.A.If it not had been forB.If had it not been forC.Had it not been forD.Had not it been for上一题下一题(3/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第24题Members of the Parliament were poised______ahead with a bill to approve construction of the oil pipeline.A.to moveB.movingC.to movingD.at moving上一题下一题(4/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第25题Writers often coupled narration with other techniques to develop ideas and support opinions that otherwise______abstract, unclear, or unconvincing.A.may remainB.could remainC.must have remainedD.might have remained上一题下一题(5/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第26题Protocol was______enabled him to make difficult decisions without ever looking back.A.whoB.whatC.whichD.that上一题下一题(6/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第27题The woman had persuaded him to do______he was hired never to do—reveal the combination for the lock on the entrance.A.one thingB.such one thingC.any one thingD.the one thing上一题下一题(7/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第28题The bad news was that he could be a very dangerous person______he choose to be.A.shouldB.couldC.mightD.must上一题下一题(8/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第29题"If not us, who? If not now, when?" These two questions are used as a______.A.sign of angerB.call for actionC.refusal to changeD.denial of commitment上一题下一题(9/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第30题What is the function of the present progressive in "They are always calling me by the wrong name"?A.To express unfavorable feelings.B.To alleviate unnecessary hostility.C.To indicate uncertainty.D.To dramatize a fact.上一题下一题(10/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第31题"Harry was compelled to resign and to come down to London, where he set up as an army coach. " The relative clause in the sentence serves to______.A.supply additional information about LondonB.describe the antecedent "London"C.put restrictions on the identity of HarryD.narrate a sequential action taken by Harry上一题下一题(11/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第32题A group______casinos has urged officials not to grant a license to a facility in the city.A.opposed toB.objected toC.posed againstD.protested against上一题下一题(12/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第33题After the war, he worked on an island in the Pacific, helping the natives and medical______understand each other’s behavior and cultures.A.facultyB.personsC.membersD.personnel上一题下一题(13/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第34题The subject of manners is complex. If it were not, there would not be so many______feelings and so much misunderstanding in international communication.A.injuriousB.injuredC.injuringD.injury上一题下一题(14/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第35题To illustrate the limits of First Amendment free speech, many have noted that the Constitution does not give you the right to falsely______" Fire!" in a crowded theater.A.yelpB.yankC.yellD.yield上一题下一题(15/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第36题The company announced that it has achieved its mission to create a local food economy that is ______to any environment.A.adoptableB.amendableC.alterableD.adaptable上一题下一题(16/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第37题Although Patterson acknowledges the disappointing season he had with the Vikings, he has nosecond______about how he went about his business.A.thoughtsB.opinionsC.concernsD.reasons上一题下一题(17/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第38题Electronic cigarettes should be subject______the same taxes and limitations on public use as traditional tobacco products.A.aboutB.atC.toD.on上一题下一题(18/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第39题FC Barcelona, ______the most iconic club in world soccer, beat Manchester United 2-0 to claim the UEFA Champions League title.A.controversiallyB.arguablyC.debatablyD.finally上一题下一题(19/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第40题The store sells liquid vitamins______designed for children under 3.A.explicitlyB.speciallyC.speculativelyD.specifically上一题下一题(20/20)PART ⅢLANGUAGE KNOWLEDGEThere are twenty sentences in this section.Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D.Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.第41题The three law______officers on the plane came to the rescue of a fellow passenger who was allegedly trying to kill herself.A.enforcementB.reinforcementC.impositionD.coercion上一题下一题(42~51/共10题)PART ⅣCLOZEDecide which of the words given in the box below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.The words can be used ONCE ONLY.Mark the letter for each word on ANSWER SHEET TWO.A. daydreamB. disagreementC. factuallyD. ifE. inevitableF. inseparableG. laysH. makingI. perspectiveJ. residesK. that L. thinking M. thoughtfully N. ultimately O. wakeTo some thinkers, it is machines and their development that drive economic and cultural change. This idea is referred to as technological determinism. Certainly there can be no doubt that machines contributed to the Protestant Reformation and the decline of the Catholic Church´s power in Europe or【C1】______ television has changed the way family members interact. Those who believe in technological determinism would argue that these changes in the cultural landscape were the 【C2】______result of new technology.But others see technology as more neutral and claim that the way people use technology is what gives it significance. This 【C3】______ accepts technology as one of many factors that shape economic and cultural change: technology´s influence is 【C4】______ determined by how much power it is given by the people and cultures that use it.This 【C5】______about the power of technology is at the heart of the controversy surrounding the new communication technologies. Are we more or less powerless in the 【C6】______of advances such as the Internet, the World Wide Web, and instant global audio and visual communication? If we are at the mercy of technology, the culture that surrounds us will not be of our 【C7】______, and the best we can hope to do is make our way reasonably well in a world outside our own control. But if these technologies are indeed neutral and their power 【C8】______in how we choose to use them, we can utilize them responsibly and 【C9】______to construct and maintain whatever kind of culture we want. As film director and technophile Steve Spielberg explained, "Technology can be our best friend, and technology can also be the biggest party pooper of our lives. It interrupts our own story, interrupts our ability to have a thought or 【C10】______, to imagine something wonderful. "第42题【C1】第43题【C2】第44题【C3】第45题【C4】第46题【C5】第47题【C6】第48题【C7】第49题【C8】第50题【C9】第51题【C10】上一题下一题(52~54/共10题)PART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONSIn this section there are three passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.For each multiple-choice question, there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that you think is the best answer and mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job "you have to be like a wolf in the forest—able to smell out the best meat. " And if you can´t find work, don´t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits.(2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than many other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country.(3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work.(4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent.(5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from natives or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This " smooths" the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals.。