Chapter 3. The UK Economy

The United Kingdom,often referred to as the UK,has a diverse and dynamic economy that is one of the largest in the world.It is a significant player in the global economy,with a GDP ranking among the top ten.Here are some key aspects of the British economy that could be discussed in an English essay on this topic:1.Economic Structure:The UK economy is predominantly servicebased,with services accounting for around80%of the GDP.Key service sectors include finance,insurance, real estate,and business services.2.Financial Sector:London is a global financial hub,home to the London Stock Exchange and numerous international banks and financial institutions.The financial sector is a major contributor to the UK economy,offering a wide range of services and products.3.Manufacturing:Despite the dominance of the service sector,manufacturing still playsa significant role in the UK economy.The automotive,aerospace,and pharmaceutical industries are particularly strong.4.Innovation and Technology:The UK is known for its innovation in technology and research.It has a vibrant tech startup scene,particularly in cities like London,Manchester, and Edinburgh.5.Trade:The UK is a major trading nation,with exports and imports being crucial to its economy.The European Union has traditionally been the UKs largest trading partner,but postBrexit,the UK is seeking to diversify its trade relationships.6.Monetary Policy:The Bank of England is responsible for setting the UKs monetary policy,including interest rates,to maintain price stability and support economic growth.7.Fiscal Policy:The UK government uses fiscal policy to influence the economy through taxation and public spending.This can include measures such as adjusting the tax rates or increasing public investment to stimulate economic activity.bour Market:The UK has a flexible labour market with a relatively low unemployment rate.It has a diverse workforce with a mix of skilled and unskilled labour.9.Economic Challenges:The UK faces several economic challenges,including managing the economic implications of Brexit,addressing income inequality,and transitioning to a lowcarbon economy.10.Economic Indicators:Key economic indicators to monitor the health of the UK economy include GDP growth rate,inflation,unemployment rate,and the balance of trade.11.Regulatory Environment:The UK has a wellestablished regulatory framework that supports business operations and consumer protection.This includes financial regulation, competition law,and employment rights.12.Infrastructure:The UK has a developed infrastructure,including transportation networks,telecommunications,and utilities,which are essential for economic activity.cation and Skills:The UK has a strong education system that produces a skilled workforce.This is crucial for maintaining the countrys competitive edge in the global economy.14.Public Services:The UK government provides a range of public services,including healthcare NHS,education,and social security,which are funded through taxation.15.Sustainable Development:The UK is committed to sustainable development and has set targets for reducing carbon emissions and promoting renewable energy sources.In your essay,you could explore these aspects in more detail,providing specific examples,data,and analysis to support your discussion of the UK economy.。

Unit 1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 11、Britain is no longer an imperial country. T2、When people outside the UK talk about England,they mistake it as Britain sometimes. T3、The Socts and Welsh have a strong sense of being British. F4、Three of the following are characteristics of London.Which of the four is the Exception? CA London is a political,economic and cultural centre of the country.B London has a larger population than all other cities in England.C London is not only the largest city in Britain,but also the largest in the world.D London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country.5、When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments? DA In 1715B In 1688C In 1745D In 17076、The full name of the United kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.7、The island of Great Britain is made up of England,Scotland and Wales.8、The capital of Britain is London,which has great influence on the UK in all fields including government,finance,and culture.Unit 2 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 21、Ireland is part of Great Britain. F2、Northern Ireland is significant because of its manufacturing industry. F3、Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations,but is quite well-known in the world for DA its most famous landmark,the “Giant’s Causeway”.B its rich cultural lifeC its low living standardsD its endless political problems4、Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized a partition of Ireland in 1921,because BA the British government wouldn’t be able to control Ireland and longer by forceB the British government intended to satisfy both sides ——Catholics and ProtestantsC Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of IrelandD Protestants welcomed the idea of partition5、The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914,but the process was overtaken by the First World War and was suspended for the duration of the war.6、To pursue Irish independence,the most spectacular event in the Irish history was the Easter Rising of 1916,in which the rebels occupied Dublin’s Post Office and forced the British to take it back by military means.7、The Good Friday Agreement,known also as the Belfast Agreement ,emerged on 10 April 1998.8、The Good Friday Agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland “remains part of the United Kindom and shall not cease to be so without the consent of the majority of the people of Northern Ireland. 9、The Easter RisingIn order to gain independence,different Irish groups had been fighting against the British institutions and the British military forces.One such activity was the Easter Rising which took place in 1916.The rebels occupied Dublin’s Post Office and forced the British to bake it back by military force. The leaders of the rebellion were executed by the British authorities.10、Home RuleIreland had long been dominated by Britain,but Irish desire for an independent Irish state was never lost.”Home Rule” refers to a campaign for Irish control of Irish affairs.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in 1914,but the process was overtaken by the Fist World War and was suspended for the duration of the was.11、The Good Friday AgreementAs a result of multi-party negotiations,the Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10 April 1998.This agreement assures the loyalist community that Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom and it won’t change its political status unless the majority of the people of Northern Ireland agree.Under the terms of the agreement,Northern Ireland should be governed by three separate jurisdictions:that of the Republic of Ireland,that of Great Britain and that of its own elected executive government of ten ministers.Unit 3 The Government of the United Kingdom1、It is no doubt that British is the oldest representative democracy in the World. F2、The oldest institution of government in Britain is the Monarchy. T3、The divine right of the King means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects. F4、Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government. AA It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D It has no written from of constitution.5、Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution? AA It is a written document which lists out the basic principles for government.B It is the foundation of British governance tody.C Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D The common laws are part of the Constitution.6、Which of the following statements is NOT correct? DA There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B Strictly speaking,the Queen is part of the Parliament.C Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.D Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.7、Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role? AA The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B The Queen symbolizes the tradition and unity of the British state.C The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.8、The British Constitution consists of statute law,common law and conventions.9、Strictly speaking,the Parliament today consists of the Queen,the House of Lords and the House of Commons.10、The House of Commons.It is the real center of British political life because it is the place where about 650 elected representatives (Members of Parliament) make and debate policy.These MPs are elected in the General Elections and should represent the interests of the people who vote for them.Unit 4 Politics,Class and RACE1、In the UK,a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances. T2、Children from the upper-middle-class usually have a better education than those from the working or middle-class. T (老师讲题时为T ,书后答案为 F)3、Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true? DA It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B It prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.C It receives a lot of the funding form big companies.D It is known as a party of high taxation levels.4、Which of the following statements is NOT true about class system in the UK? BA People of different classes tend to read different kinds of newspapers.B Class division is only decided by people’s income.C Though social advancement is possible,class affects a person’s life chances.D The way people speak may identify them as belonging to a particular class.5、Normally,a government can be in power for 5 years,and then it has to resign and hold a general election.6、There are three major parties in the UK : the Conservative party,the Labour party and t he Liberal Democratic party.7、From 1979 to 1997,the Conservative party won 4 consecutive elections and was in power for quite a long time.Unit 5 The UK Economy1、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant in the world. T2、Both the US and Canada overtook British in economy by 1990. F3、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies,especially India,which gained its independence in 1947. T4、Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy? CA Britain remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.B Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.C There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.5、”The Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire India, which provided raw materials and a big market for British goods,gained independence in 1947.6、Since 1945,the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.7、In 1979,the Conservative party under Margaret Thatcher came into power and carried out a programme of reform.8、Relative decline of the UK economy.The UK has experienced an economic decline since 1945.But this is a relative decline rather than an absolute one .British is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945,but since other countries developed more rapidly,it has slid from being the second largest economy to being the sixth.Unit 6 British Literature1、Thomas Hardy,the author of Tess of the D’Urbervilles,was also a first-class poet. T2、Which of the following books is written by Geoffrey Chaucer? AA The Canterbury TalesB BeowulfC King LearD Morte D’Arthur3、Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism? DA Keats .B ShelleyC WordsworthD Defoe4、Which of the following writers was the most famous Scottish novelist? DA wrenceB Charles DickensC Jonathan SwiftD Sir Walter Scott5、The Canterbury TalesThe Canterbury Tales written by Geoffrey Chaucer is the most important work in Middle English literature.It is made up of a series of stories told by 31 pilgrims to entertain each other on their way to the Christian Church at Canterbury in southeast England.It’s quite noticeable for its diversity,not only in range of social status among the pilgrims,but also in style or the stories they tell.Unit 7 British Education System1、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the other basic skills but also to socialize children. T2、Public schools are part of the national education system and funded by the government. F3、In Britain,the great majority of parents send their children to CA private schoolsB independent schoolsC state schoolsD public schools4、In Britain,children from the age of 5 to 16 BA can legally receive partly free aducationB can legally receive completely free educationC can not receive free education at allD can not receive free education if their parents are rich5、Which of the following is NOT true about the British education system? DA It’s run by the stateB It’s funded by the stateC It’s supervised by the stateD It’s dominated by the state6、Childern in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of 5 to 16.7、Pupils from the age of 5 to 11 mainly attend state-run primary schools.Unit 8 British Foreign Relations1、Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council? CC China,Russia,France,Britain and the United States.2、Nowadays the British foreign policy is largely shaped by its participation in CC the United Nations,the EU,NATO,etc3、When the Second World War was over,Britain was active in setting up the United Nations and became one of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council.4、The present foreign policy of Britain is greatly influenced by its imperial history and also by its geopolitical traits.5、Britain’s special relationship which the United States is another major factor which influences the British foreign policy.6、The general direction of Britain’s foreign policy is decided by the Prime Minister and Cabinet .。

英美国家概括名词解释英国部分英美国家概括名词解释The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Unit 11.LondonLondon is the largest city located in the south of the country. It is dominant in Britain in all sorts of ways. It is the cultural and business center and the headquarters of the vast majority of Britain’s big companies. It is not only the financial center of the nation, but also one of the three major international financial centers in the world.2.Robin Hood罗宾汉，英国传说中的一位著名绿林好汉，在森林里盘踞，以劫富济贫杀贪官污吏为宗旨。

Robin Hood was a Saxon nobleman. As he could no longer put up with oppressions压迫from the Normans, he became an outlaw反叛者and hid himself with his band of “merry men” in the forest. From this secret place, he went out to rob from the rich to give the poor.3.Anglo-Saxons盎格鲁-撒克逊They were two groups of Germanic日耳曼peoples who settled down in England from the 5th century. They were regarded as the ancestors of the English and the founders of England.4.King Arthur 亚瑟国王，6世纪时英格兰统治者，圆桌骑士的领袖，有关他的传说很多。

英语国家国情一、课程概述《英语国家国情》是外语系英语专业学生学习的重要课程之一。

它主要是介绍英语国家(英国，澳大利亚和新西兰)的社会与文化背景的教科书。

旨在帮助英语专业学生了解这些国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理，历史，政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。

同时，通过课文的学习和各种练习的实践，达到提高英语水平的目的。

《英语国家国情》是英语专业学生学习的基础学科。

学生通过听课，阅读简易的英语课本，在扩大知识面和英语掌握上都有很大的帮助。

这门课程的重点是让学生加强英语国家的文化知识的学习，从而更好地促进英语语言的学习，而英语语言学习好又对英语文化知识的学习扫除了语言障碍。

二者相互影响，互相促进。

因此《英语国家国情》这门课对英语专业的学生来说是很重要的一门课程。

二、课程目标1．知道《英语国家国情》这门课程的性质、地位和其价值。

知道这门课程所概括的范围、涉及的国家、强调的主题、课程进展和未来发展方向。

2．理解这门学科的主要概念、基本观点和基础知识，尤其是对英国、澳大利亚和新西兰的文化知识加深理解。

3．初步学会运用文化知识很好地促进英语语言的学习，学会运用所学文化知识武装自己的头脑，客观地分析问题和现象。

4．养成在进行英语语言的学习的同时也要注意文化现象和文化知识的学习并在学习中发现问题、分析问题和解决问题。

三、课程内容和教学要求这门学科的知识与技能要求分为知道、理解、掌握、学会四个层次。

这四个层次的一般涵义表述如下：知道—是指对这门学科和英语文化知识重要性的认知。

理解—是指对这门学科涉及到的概念、基本观点和基础知识，尤其是对英国、澳大利亚和新西兰的文化知识加深理解。

掌握—是指学会运用所学文化知识武装自己的头脑，客观地分析问题和现象。

学会—是指运用所学文化知识来帮助英语语言的学习。

教学内容和要求表中的“√”号表示教学知识和技能的教学要求层次。

本标准中打“*”号的内容可作为自学，教师可根据实际情况确定要求或不布置要求。

英国经济200字英文作文英文：The UK economy has been through some ups and downs in recent years. In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, the country experienced a period of slow growth and high unemployment. However, in recent years, the economy has bounced back and is now one of the fastest-growing in Europe.One factor that has contributed to this growth is the government's commitment to reducing the budget deficit. By cutting spending and increasing taxes, the government has been able to reduce the deficit from 10% of GDP in 2010 to around 2% today. This has helped to restore confidence in the UK economy and attract investment.Another factor that has helped the economy is thegrowth of the tech sector. London has become a hub for tech startups, and companies like Deliveroo and TransferWisehave achieved global success. This has created jobs and boosted productivity, and the government has been keen to support this sector with tax breaks and other incentives.However, there are also challenges facing the UK economy. Brexit is causing uncertainty, and the outcome of negotiations with the EU could have a significant impact on trade and investment. In addition, the country's productivity growth has been sluggish, which could limitits ability to compete in the global economy in the long term.Overall, the UK economy has shown resilience in the face of challenges, but there is still work to be done to ensure sustained growth and prosperity.中文：英国经济近年来经历了一些起伏。