2020年职称英语理工类C级阅读判断精选(5)

2020年职称英语理工类C级真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)：下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.A. seizedB. threwC. brokeD. stretched2. Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8：00 and 9：00 in the morning.A. borderB. goalC. peakD. level3. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A. rightB. obviousC. unbelievableD. unclear4. I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.A. bringB. separateC. putD. set5. We found shelter from the rain under the trees.A. defenseB. standingC. protectionD. room6. This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.A. openB. cruelC. suddenD. direct7. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A. worriedB. sleepyC. offensiveD. anxious8. We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.A. sightB. beliefC. interestD. pressure9. The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.A. realB. wholeC. strangeD. same10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A. taughtB. keptC. attractedD. changed。

2020年职称英语理工类C级阅读判断复习(6)Life as a Movie ExtraOrdinary people have always been attracted to the worldof movies and movie stars. One way to get closer to thisworld is to become a movie extra. Although you have seenmovie extras, you may not have paid attention to them. Extras are the people seated at tables in a restaurant while the two main actors are in conversation. They are the guests at the wedding of the main characters. They are the people crossing the street while “the bad guy" is being chased by the police. Extras don’t normally speak any l ines, but they help makethe scenes look real1.Being a movie extra might seem like a lot of fun. You get to see what life is like behind the scenes. But don’t forget that being an extra is really a job, and it’s mostly about doing nothing. First-time extras are often shocked to learn how slow the process of movie making is. In a finished movie, the action may move quickly. But it can sometimes take awhole day to shoot a scene that appears for just a fewminutes on the screen.The main requirement for being an extra is the ability to wait. You may report to work at 5 or 6 a. m.，and then youwait until the director is ready for your scene. This could take several hours. Then there may be technical problems, and you have to wait some more. After the director says“action”and you do the first “take”，you may have to doit again if he or she is not satisfied with the scene. In fact, you may have to do the same scene over and over again.You could be on the set for hours, sometimes waiting outdoors in very hot or cold weather.2 You may not be finished until 11 p. m. or midnight. The pay isn’t good, either ― often only a little bit above minimum wage. And you must pay the agent who gets you the job a commission of about 10 percent.So who would want to be a movie extra? In spite of the long hours and low pay, many people still apply for the job. Some people truly enjoy the work. They like being on a movie set, and they enjoy the companionship of their fellow extras. Most of them have flexible schedules, which allow them to be available.3They may be students, waiters, homemakers, retired people, or unemployed actors. Some unemployed actors hope the work will help them get real acting jobs, but it doesn’t happen often. Most people in the movie industry make a sharp distinction between extras and actors, so extras are not usually considered for large parts.The next time you see a movie，don’t just watch the stars. Take a closer look at the people in the background, and ask yourself ： Who are they? Why are they there? What else do they do in life? Maybe there is someone in the crowd who is just like you.词汇：movie extra群众演员 chase v.追捕shoot vt.拍摄 action n.(导演指令)开拍commission n.佣金注释：1.Extras don’t normally speak any lines, but they help make the scenes look real.：虽然群众演员通常没有台词，但他们的存有使整个场景更加逼真。

2020 年职称英语综合类 C 级真题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词语或短语画有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1 Railways are the most important mode of transportfor the economy.A wayB factorC objectiveD source2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years inprison.A messageB punishmentC guiltD obligation3 He said some harsh words about his brother.A properB normalC unclearD unkind4 I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to.A partnerB helpC driveD guide5 We need to identify the potential problem.A manB possibleC immediateD common6 When did you first encounter these difficulties?A createB experienceC presentD resolve7 Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuable clearlyvisible.A attractB alarmC catchD spot8 There is a need for radical changes in education.A long-termB short-termC revolutionaryD systematic9 Under the terms of the contract, y ou must give 3 months ’notice before you leave.A rulesB subjectsC expressionsD words10 I realize to my horror that I had forgotten thepresent.A limitB fearC powerD fool11 It frustrates me that I’m not able to put any of my ideas into practical.A showsB surprisesC frightensD discourages12 The weather last summer was awful.A fairB dryC badD hot13 The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A discloseB hideC handleD establish14 My piano playing has improved significantly since Ihad a new teacher.A definitelyB generallyC certainlyD greatly15 He tries to assemble his thoughts.A gatherB clearC shareD spare第 2 部分：阅读判断(第16~22题,每题1分,共7分)下面的短文后列出了 7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择 A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息问中没有提及，请选择 C。

2020年职称英语考试理工类C级阅读判断模拟题（1）Humor Can Save Your LifeThe story goes that a certain court jester went too farone day and insulted his king.The king became so infuriatedhe sentenced the jester to be executed.His court prayed upon the king to have mercy for this man who had served him wellfor so many years.After a time,the king relented only enoughto give the jester his choice as to how he would like| todie.The jester replied,"If it's all the same to you,myLord,I'd like to die of old age." Certainly in this case,agood sense of humor saved the man's life.It's true for us as well.We may not be faced with a situation where our wit will save us from an execution,butour sense of humor and the ability to laugh at things has proven health benefits that extend and improve our quality of life.Norman Cousins,in his book Anatomy of an Illness,wrote about how he cured himself of cancer by laughing a good partof each day.He rented films of comedies and watched them for hours on end in his hospital room.He had nothing to losesince he'd been diagnosed as terminal.His "experiment" turned out to be a classic example of the healing powers oflaughter.If it worked for Cousins with a life-threatening illness,it can work for us to enhance and protect our good health.We should laugh often and heartily.It's good for our body.Besides,life's too important to take seriously.1.The jester made the king angry by playing jokes withhis crownA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned准确答案：C解析：该题说的是：小丑拿国王的皇冠开玩笑，所以惹怒了国王。

2020年职称英语理工类C级阅读理解历年真题及解析第一篇Why Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.Traditionally, coffee bushes were planted under thecanopy ( 树冠 ) of taller indigenous (土生土长的) trees. However, more and more farmers in Latin America aredeforesting the land to grow full-sun coffees. At first, this increases production because more coffee bushes can beplanted if there aren't any trees. With increased production come increased profits.Unfortunately, deforesting for coffee production immediately decreases local-wildlife habitat.Native birds nest and hide from predators (捕食者) in the tall trees and migrating birds rest there.Furthermore, in the long term, the full-sun method also damages the ecosystem because more chemical fertilizers and pesticides are needed to grow the coffee. The fertilizers and pesticides kill insects that eat coffee plant, but then the birds eat the poisoned insects and also die. The chemicalskill or sicken other animals as well, and can even enter the water that people will eventually drink.Fortunately, farmers in Central and South America are beginning to grow more coffee bushes in the shade. We can support these farmers by buying coffee with such labels as "shade grown" and"bird friendly". Sure, these varieties might cost a little more. But we're paying for the health of the birds, the land, ourselves, and the planet. I think it's worth it.31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Farmers are changing the way they grow coffee.B. Coffee is becoming more expensive to produce.C. Shade-grown coffee is more expensive than sun-grown coffee.D. People should buy shade-grown coffee.32. The function of the word "Traditionally" in Paragraph 2 is to show __________.A. the positive effects of coffeeB. a change of coffee growthC. something that is the most importantD. how coffee production used to be33. What does increased production of full-sun coffee bring about?A. more insectsB. better quality coffeeC. larger farmsD. higher profits34. How do farmers find more land for growing full-sun coffee?A. They buy more land from other farmers.B. They cut down trees.C. They move to another country.D. They turn grassland into farmland.35. The full-sun method may affect the following EXCEPT __________.A. insectsB. airC. birdsD. humans第二篇Soot (煤烟灰) and Snow： a Hot CombinationNew research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation, black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.Soot in the higher latitudes (纬度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun's energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored blackcarbon, or soot,absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an importantrole in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. "This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheets melt, they tend to get even dirtier," said Dr. James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo (反照率), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice and melting glaciers permafi：ost. Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land."Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon," Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world's climate. "This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude," Hansen noted.Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the factthat greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of the century.The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were coherent with the researchers' climate model situations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.36. Which of the following statements of soot is NOT true?A. It absorbs sun's heat.B. It is responsible for climate change.C. It reflects sunlight.D. It may account for a quarter of global warming overthe past century.37. Which of the following areas shows a greater warming effect?A. Ice sea areas.B. Areas with black carbon.C. Areas covered with white snow.D. Melting glaciers.38. "This forcing" in Paragraph 5 refers to __________.A. sun's heating on snow surfaceB. soot's increased absorption of solar energyC. carbon-dioxide's warming effectD. snow's increased reflection of sunlight39. What is the main cause of climate warming during the past century?A. Soot.B. Snow.C. Greenhouse gases.D. Wind.40. The largest warming effects happened in the Northern Hemisphere with __________.A. thinning sea ice and insufficient sunlightB. light snow cover and sufficient sunlightC. heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlightD. thick sea ice and insufficient sunlight第三篇A Record-Breaking RoverNASA's Mars rover Opportunity has boldly gone where no rover has gone before-- at least in terms of distance. Since arriving on the Red Planet in 2004, Opportunity has traveled 25.01 miles,more than any other wheeled vehicle has on another world. On July 27, after years of moving about on Martian ground, the golf-cart：sized Opportunity had driven more than 24 miles, beating the previous record holder--a Soviet rover sent to the moon in 1973."This is so remarkable considering Opportunity was intended to drive about 1 kilometer and was never designedfor distance," says John Callas, the Mars Exploration Rover Project Manager.He works at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California. "But what is really important is not how many miles the rover has racked up, but how much exploration and discovery we have accomplished over that distance."OpportunityThe solar-powered Opportunity and its twin rover, Spirit, landed on Mars I0 years ago on a mission expected to last 3 months. The objective of the rovers was to help scientists learn more about the planet and to search for signs of life, such as the possible presence of water.Spirit stopped communicating with Earth in March 2020, a few months after it got stuck in a sand pit. But Opportunity has continued to collect and analyze Martian soil and rocks.During its mission, Opportunity has captured, and sent back to Earth, some 187,000 panoramic and microscopic images of Mars with its cameras. It has also provided scientists with data on the planet's atmosphere, soil, rocks, and terrain.Marathon Rover The rover doesn't seem to be ready to stop just yet. If Opportunity can continue on, it will reach another major investigation site when its odometer hits 26.2 miles. Scientists call this site Marathon Valley, because when the rover reaches the area, it will have traveled the same distance as the length of a marathon since its arrival on Mars.Researchers believe that clay minerals exposed near Marathon Valley could hold clues to Mars's ancient environment. Opportunity's continuing travels will also help researchers as they plan for an eventual human mission to the Red Planet.41. Opportunity is a record-breaking rover in the sense of __________.A. how long it has stayed in spaceB. how far it has traveledC. how much investment it has involvedD. how many facilities it has been equipped with42. What does John Callas say about Opportunity's long distance travel?A. It hasn't met scientists' expectation yet.B. It hasn't been appreciated appropriately.C. It is secondary to what has been discovered.D. It is what scientists have been aiming at.43. One of the objectives of sending Opportunity and Spirit to Mars is to__________.A. collect soil and send back to EarthB. develop multinational space experimentsC. test how well solar-powered rovers work in solar spaceD. look for the possible presence of life44. Which of the following statements is TRUE of Opportunity?A. It will come back to Earth soon.B. Another rover will be sent to replace it.C. It is traveling to another important star.D. It will work with other rovers exploring Mars.45. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that__________.A. experts know how far Opportunity will walk on MarsB. researchers are working on sending many rovers to MarsC. Mars' ancient environment might be explored with the help of OpportunityD. Opportunity is supposed to collect clay minerals from Marathon Valley2020年真题第一篇Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt pays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way. You may be a talented musician,but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different. Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities. Psychologists have two different views on intelligence. Some believe there is one general intelligence. Others believe there are many different intelligences.Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests.These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests. They do well on tests using words,numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests. Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence. The brain of intelligent people use less energy during problem solving. The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction. Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain.Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children. He believes that all children are different and shouldn't be tested by one intelligence test. Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn't think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling. He thinks that the human mind has different intelligences.These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life. Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences. Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences.Gardner says that his theory is based on biology. For example, when one .part of the brain is injured, other parts of the brain still work. People who cannot talk because of brain damage can still sing. So, there is not just one intelligence to lose. Gardner has identified 8 different kinds of intelligence： linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic( 身体动觉的), and naturalistic.31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.33. Gardner believes thatA. children have different intelligencesB. all children are alikeC. children should take one intelligence testD. there is no general intelligence34. According to Gardner, schools should __________.A. test students' IQsB. train students who do poorly on testsC. focus on finding the most intelligent studentsD. promote development of all intelligences35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a __________.A. musical foundationB. biological foundationC. intrapersonal foundationD. linguistic foundation第二篇Compact DisksIf someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he is right in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers--a digital code. The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps ( 隆起 )on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns (微米) wide.A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers.Space probes (探测仪) communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune in to specific signals using these codes.There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on (rewritten on) as you would do with a floppy disk (软盘). Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc--Read Only Memory. This disk is like a "super"floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs areconsidered to be CD-ROMs.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982. These CDsstill play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected tolast between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sureyour CDs last a long time by taking care of them.Science keeps on developing. It may not be many moreyears before a completely new technology is invented and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening toyour favorite music on CDs and playing your favorite computer games on CD-ROMs.36. Music is recorded onto CDs as __________.A. laser beamsB. digital codesC. musical notesD. special sounds37. E-mail is mentioned in the third paragraph to show__________.A. the variety of digital communicationsB. the development of new technologiesC. the usefulness of digital codesD. the relationship between communication and technology38. One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs is__________.A. CD-ROMs can be used for longer timeB. CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten onC. CD-RWs hold more informationD. CD-RWs are merely used for music recording39. CDs can last a long time if__________.A. they are seldom usedB. they play well and sound fineC. their users take good care of themD. they are developed with new technology40. It can be inferred from the passage that __________.A. CD-ROMs are more expensive than other CDsB. new technology for music recording is being developedC. the author likes listening to musicD. floppy disks are no longer in use第三篇MusicMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expressions ever invented. In movies and plays, music has an added function： it not only moves people but also can shock people.Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels (分贝 ) . Once sound exceeds this limit, even beautiful music will become car-splitting noise and harm health. A strong blast ( 响声 ) of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet. High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.In movies, sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel. In nature, there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics, the sound that exceeds 20,000 hz is called ultrasonic (超音波的). Dolphins,whales and bats can make such high-frequency sound. It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20 hz is called infrasonic ( 次声 ) waves. When we move, the air will vibrate.The vibration of air can produce infrasonic waves. As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs, infrasonic wave may cause resonance (共振)in human bodies. As a result, people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture (断裂). However, whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low, it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. If the intensity of infrasonic wave exceeds 160 decibels, it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea, it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons can produce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present, scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the labwith the help of advanced scientific tools and powerfulelectric power.41. What could be the best title of the passage?A. The power of music.B. The harms of noises.C. The magic of sound.D. The discovery of infrasonic waves.42. What does the author say about music?A. It may be harmful to people's health.B. It always cheers people up.C. It is very often difficult to understand.D. It sounds better when it is loud enough.43. It is ture that the sound__________.A. of nature is the most beautifulB. of high intensity benefits animalsC. in movies is pleasing to the earD. over 80 decibels is harmful to people44. An ultrasonic sound__________.A. is very loudB. does harm to people's healthC. is produced by the hero in moviesD. cannot be heard by people45. It can be found from the last paragraph that infrasonic waves __________.A. are harmless to people's healthB. exist in people's intemal organsC. can be used as deadly weaponsD. can improve eyesight2020年真题第一篇Energy and Public LandsThe United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production, the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租凭)both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.In 2000,32 percent of US oil,35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases.Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State Government. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non-India coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery.Each year, federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems,pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production,though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal (地热) resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours (千瓦时) of electricity per year,47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with influence on foreign off sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demand is becoming more intense.Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, developmentrestrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced, or mineral be banned altogether.31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.B. Public lands play an important role in energy production.C. Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.D. Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.32. Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?A. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.B. Half of US energy is produced there.C. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.D. Most energy resources are reserved there.33. Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 cited as examples to illustratethat __________.A. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is hugeB. alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy productionC. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public landsD. geothermal resources are more important than the other two34. There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because __________.A. the U.S. is demanding more and more energyB. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countriesC. quite a few public lands are banned for energy developmentD. many Americans think public lands are being abused35. Public lands can be used for energy development when __________.A. energy development restrictions are effectiveB. federal land managers grant permissionsC. they go through the land use planning processD. there is enough federal budget第二篇Putting Plants to WorkUsing the power of the sun is nothing new. People have had solar-powered calculators and buildings with solar panels (太阳能电池板) for decades. But plants are the real experts. They've been using sunlight as an energy source for billions of years.Cells in the green leaves of plants work like tiny factories to convert sunlight, carbon dioxide(二氧化碳), and water into sugars and starches( 淀粉 ), stored energy that the plants can use. This conversion process is called photosynthesis (光合作用 ) . Unfortunately, unless you're a plant, it's difficult and expensive to convert sunlight intostorable energy. That's why scientists are taking a closer look at exactly how plants do it.Some scientists are trying to get plants, or biological cells that act like plants, to work as very small photosynthesis power stations. For example, Maria Ghirardi of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo, is working with green algae (水藻). She's trying to trick them into producing hydrogen instead of sugars when they perform photosynthesis. Once the researchers can get the algae working efficiently, the hydrogen that they produce could be used to power fuel cells in cars or to generate electricity.The algae are grown in narrow-necked glass bottles to produce hydrogen in the lab. During photosynthesis, plants normally make sugars or starches. "But under certain conditions, a lot of algae are able to use the sunlight energy not to store starch, but to make hydrogen," Ghirardi says.For example, algae will produce hydrogen in an airfree environment. It's the oxygen in the air that prevents algae from making hydrogen most of the time.Working in an airfree environment, however, is difficult. It's not a practical way to produce cheap energy. But Ghirardi and her colleagues have discovered that by removing a chemical called sulfate ( 硫酸盐) from the environment that the algae grow in, they will make hydrogen instead of sugars, even when air is present.Unfortunately, removing the sulfate also makes thealgae's cells work very slowly, and not much hydrogen isproduced. Still, the researchers see this as a first step in their goal to produce hydrogen efficiently from algae. With more work, they may be able to speed the cells' activity and produce larger quantities of hydrogen.The researchers hope that algae will one day be an easy-to-use fuel source. The organisms are cheap to get and to feed, Ghirardi says, and they can grow almost anywhere： "You can grow them in a reactor, in a pond. You can grow them in the ocean. There's a lot of flexibility in how you can use these organisms."36. How do plants relate to solar energy?A. They are the real experts in producing it.B. They have been a source of it.C. They have been used to produce it.D. They have been using it for billions of years.37. Scientists study how photosynthesis works because they want to __________.A. improve the efficiency of itB. turn plant sugars to a new form of energyC. make green plants a new source of energyD. get more sugars and starches from plants38. Algae are able to use solar energy to produce hydrogen when__________.A. they are grown in narrow-necked bottlesB. there is enough oxygen in the airC. enough starches is storedD. there is no oxygen in the air39. Researchers find it difficult to make algae produce hydrogen efficiently because __________.A. removing the sulfate slows down hydrogen productionB. it is hard to create an airfree environmentC. it is expensive to remove the sulfate from the environmentD. the algae's cells work slowly if there is no oxygen in the air40. What does Ghirardi say about algae?A. They grow faster in a reactor.13. They will be planted everywhere.C. They are cheap to eat.D. They can be a good energy source.第三篇On the Trial of the Honey BadgerOn a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers ( 獾 ). The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers' movements and behavior asdiscreetly (谨慎地) as possible, without frightening themaway or causing them to change their natural behavior. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before releasing them in view of the animal's reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do."The problem with honey badgers is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new," he says. "That, combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture.If they sense you have food, for example, they won't be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat.They're actually quite sociable creatures around humans, butas soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的) . Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen."The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures theycould catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal's fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal gotall of its liquid requirements from its prey ( 猎物 ). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups.They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.。

2020 年职称英语综合类 C 级真题及答案第1 部分：词汇选项( 第1-15 题，每题 1 分，共15 分)下面每个句子中均有 1 个词语或短语画有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。

1 Railways are the most important mode of transport forthe economy.A wayB factorC objectiveD source2 The law carries a penalty of up to three years inprison.A messageB punishmentC guiltD obligation3 He said some harsh words about his brother.A properB normalC unclearD unkind4 I am going as a favor to Ann because I have to.A partnerB helpC driveD guide5 We need to identify the potential problem.A manB possibleC immediateD common6 When did you first encounter these difficulties?A createB experienceC presentD resolve7 Don’t tempt thieves by leaving valuable clearlyvisible.A attractB alarmC catchD spot8 There is a need for radical changes in education.A long-termB short-termC revolutionaryD systematic9 Under the terms of the contract, y ou must give 3 months ’notice before you leave.A rulesB subjectsC expressionsD words10 I realize to my horror that I had forgotten the present.A limitB fearC powerD fool11 It frustrates me that I ’m not able to put any of my ideas into practical.A showsB surprisesC frightensD discourages12 The weather last summer was awful.A fairB dryC badD hot13 The doctors did not reveal the truth to him.A discloseB hideC handleD establish14 My piano playing has improved significantly since Ihad a new teacher.A definitelyB generallyC certainlyD greatly15 He tries to assemble his thoughts.A gatherB clearC shareD spare第2 部分：阅读判断( 第16~22题, 每题1 分, 共7 分)下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是准确信息，请选择A：如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B; 如果该句的信息问中没有提及，请选择C。

XX年职称英语考试理工类(C级)试题及答案第1局部：词汇选项 (第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线局部意义最相近的词或短语。

请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1 Our English teacher is sick．A fatB weakC|i11D mad2 Mary is looking for the book she lost yesterdayA trying to findB trying to readC trying to buyD trying to borrow3 I rarely play basketball．A normallyB seldomC frequentlyD usually4 My father is a physician．A researcherB professorC doctorD student5 The Foreign Service is a branch of the Department of State．A centerB divisionC rootD base6 Please put up your bands if you have any questionsA raiseB reachC waveD fold7 Man cannot exit without waterA expandB riseC liveD quit8 Jean has made up her mind not to go to the meetingA triedB promisedC decidedD attempted9 This reminds me of lots of thingsA muchC bigD many10 She will be very pleased to meet you．A angryB happyC sadD unwilling11 It is obvious that he will win the game．A likelyB possibleC clearD unwilling12 There is no risk to public health.A pointB dangerC chanceD hope13 Did anyone call me when I was out?A inviteB nameC answerD phone14 It took US a long time to mend the house.A buildB repairD repair15 I don’t quite follow what she is sayingA believeB understandC explainD aept第2局部：阅读判断 (第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。

2020年职称英语考试真题理工类C （阅读理解）第三部分：概况大意与完成句子New research lights the way to super-fast computers1) New research published today in the journal Nature Communications, has demonstrated how glass can be manipulated to create a material that will allow computers to transfer information using light. This development could significantly increase computer processing speeds and power in the future.2) The research by the University of Surrey, in collaboration with the University of Cambridge and the University of Southampton, has found it is possible to change the electronic properties of amorphous chalcogenides, a glass material integral to data technologies such as CDs and DVDs. By using a technique called ion doping, the team of researchers have discovered a material that could use light to bring together different computing functions into one component, leading to all-optical systems.3) Computers currently use electrons to transfer information and process applications. On the other hand, data sources such as the internet rely on optical systems; the transfer of information using light. Optical fibres are usedto send information around the world at the speed of light, but these signals then have to be converted to electrical signalsonce they reach a computer, causing a significant slowdown in processing.4) "The challenge is to find a single material that can effectively use and control light to carry information arounda computer. Much like how the web uses light to deliver information, we want to use light to both deliver and process computer data,"said project leader, Dr Richard Curry of the University of Surrey.5) "This has eluded researchers for decades, but now we have now shown how a widely used glass can be manipulated to conduct negative electrons, as well as positive charges, creating what are known as 'pn-junction' devices. This should enable the material to act as a light source, a light guide and a light detector - something that can carry and interpret optical information. In doing so, this could transform the computers of tomorrow, allowing them to effectively process information at much faster speeds."6) The researchers expect that the results of this research will be integrated into computers within ten years. In the short term, the glass is already being developed and used in next-generation computer memory technology known as CRAM, which may ultimately be integrated with the advances reported.23. ______________ Paragraph 224. ______________ Paragraph 325. ______________ Paragraph 426. ______________ Paragraph 5A. Expectation of the discoveryB. the problem of current computersC. A new findingD. The purpose of the researchE. Public reaction to the discoveryF. The use of the new material27. _____ The result of the research can help computers toincrease ____28. ________________________________________ Current computers transfer information using _________________29. ____________________ The new glass material makes it possible to fulfill different computing function30. Glass is used in the research to carry and processA. optical informationB. processing speedsC. electronsD. positive chargesE. data technologiesF. all-optical systemsWhy Buy Shade-Grown Coffee?When people argue about whether coffee is good for health, they're usually thinking of the health of the coffee drinker. Is it food for your heart? Does it increase blood pressure? Does it help you concentrate? However, coffee affects the health of the human population in other ways, too.。

2020职称英语考试《理工类》C级阅读理解练习题（3）SunspotsIt's not surprising that sunspots（太阳黑子）were observed by ancient astronomers（天文学家）。

The largest sunspots on the sun can be seen without a telescope.It was not until the invention of the telescope（望远镜）in the early l7th century,however,that systematic studies of sunspots could be undertaken.The great astronomer Galileo was among the first to make telescopic observations of sunspots.Sunspots are regions of extremely strong magnetic fields （磁场）found on the sun's surface.A sunspot has a dark central core known as the umbra.The umbra is surrounded by a dark ring called the penumbra,where the magnetic field spreads outward.Sunspots appear dark because they are giving off less radiation.They are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface.Sunspots are frequently observed in pairs or in paired groups.The members of a spot pair are identified as the leading spot and the following spot.They are identified by their position in the pair in terms of the direction in which the sun rotates（旋转）.The number of sunspots at any one time varies.A large spot group may consist of as many as 10 groups and 300 spots across the sun.The number of spots changes in a fairly regular pattern called the sunspot cycle.The largest numberoccurs about every 11 years.At sunspot minimum,there are at most just a few small spots.The average lifetime of an individual spot group is roughly one solar rotation,which is about 25 days.The most persistent large spots,however,can survive for two to three months.31 Careful observations and systematic studies of sunspotsA were made by ancient astronomers.B started in the early 17th century.C were made by Galileo only.D could be made without a telescope.32 Sunspots are cooler than the rest of the sun's surface becauseA they produce less energy.B they are buried in the sun.C they are far away from magnetic fields.D they are close to magnetic fields.33 The leading spot and the following spot are the names ofA two large sunspots.B a large spot and a small spot.C the two spots in a spot pair.D the central core and the ring around it.34 If an intense sunspot activity had occurred in 1857,the next one would have been inA 1858.B 1862.C 1865.D 1868.35 In the last paragraph the word "persistent" meansA important.B effective.C enduring.D visible.参考答案：31.B 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.C。

2020年职称英语理工C阅读判断真题及答案The Theory of EveryoneIf Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2020, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the brain cellsthat regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurs within two or three years.Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak. He cannot move his arms or his head. He cannot taste or smell anything. And yet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a position held by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.Hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold over eight million copies.He says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. This puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. His question is： Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?Despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes” in space. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universe must obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someonewill have found the answer within the next 20 years.If Stephen Hawking is able to find his Theory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity to understand things that will change the whole nature of science and probably also the way we live.16.【题干】Stephen Hawking will be 50 years old by 2020.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】If Stephen Hawking lives until the year 2020, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected.17.【题干】Stephen Hawking suffers from a rare brain disease.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】18.【题干】Stephen Hawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】19.【题干】A Brief History of Time is very difficult for students to understand.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】20.【题干】Stephen Hawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】21.【题干】Stephen Hawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets ofA.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】22.【题干】The Theory of Everything is about the rules that everything in the universe follows.A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】。