(每日一读)高考英语考前突破 阅读理解能力 文化教育 感情问题对少女的精神健康有严重影响素材

笑容能改变他人对你的看法据英国《每日邮报》报道，一名身体语言专家称，即使是最微妙的笑容也能改变他人对你的看法，并能对你的事业产生影响。

扬起眉毛的笑容意味着谦恭，而压低双眉的笑容则展示出更有力量的形象，咧开嘴绽放大大的笑容能够巧妙地让人们交流积极的情感，而目光上抬的笑容则显得性感娇媚。

The eyes may be the window to the soul, but a smile can reveal more about a person than first thought.A body language expert has told MailOnline the tiniest tweak（扭，拧） to a smile can chan ge how a person is perceived - from looking up to appear flirtatious（轻浮的）, to lowering the eyebrows to look more dominant and powerful, for example.Dr Peter Collett has pinpointed six types of smiles from the genuine 'Duchenne', where the corners of the mouth are pulled up and the muscles around the eyes contract, to the knowing, wry smile.While the 'raised-brow' smile suggests submission, keeping e yeb rows level can make the sm ile more powerful, which could prove useful w hen negotiating a business deal, or in a job intervi ew.'In the realm of facial expressions there's a big difference between lowered and raised eyebro ws, with the former signalling dominance and the latter signalling sub miss ion,' Dr Collett, a psychologist from Oxford, said.'When someone smiles with both their eyebrows raised it shows that they don't want to dominate the situation and they want come across as unthreateni ng.'A full smile is called a Duchenne smile - after 19th century anatomist Duchenne de Boulogne, who produced a ground-breaking study of the muscles involved in facial expressions of emotion. The openness of the expression gives the impression that someone is genuine.Dr Collett added that the wide open smile is a 'clever way of getting other people to share one's positive feelings.''When someone tilts their head back slightly and opens their mouth wide they look like they are laughing ra ther than smiling.'Because laughter is so contagious（感染性的）, those of us who see someone doing this are much more likely to be affected by the display and to feel that we share their positive e motions.'Meanwhile, the 'look-up' smile can be used to appear seductive and flirtatious. 'Some people have a habit of lowering their head slightly when they smile,' said Dr Collett.'Unconsciously, this gives the impression that they're shorter than they really are and that they're looking up towards the person they're addressing.'This, coupled with the suggesti on of embarrassment, makes the look-up smile especially flirtatious, which explains why it's favoured by women when they're dealing with impressionable men.'Some people smile asymmetrically and when they look directly at someone, thi s wry smile can appear knowing and tells someone that you're awar e of something, or that you share a secret.'Smiles come in all shapes and sizes - some are involuntary, others deliberate, and t hey're linked to a rich vocabulary of subtle messages,' continued Dr Collett.'By taking a closer look at how people smile we can gain a much better understanding of what they're feeling, and in some cases what kind of person they are.'And of course the same principle applies to your own smiles.'A study of 2,000 people commissioned by Wrigley's Extra White Bubblemint, found that just over half of women think a smile is the most attractive trait in a man that they are meeting for the first time.Men also place more im portance on a woman's smile than her chest, bottom or legs.However, 67 percent of women and 53 percent of men said that they worry about their smiles.The survey, released to coincide with the launch of National Smile Month today , revealed that there's nothing better than someone directing a genuine smile straight at us to encourage us to return the favour.A total of 58 percent of people smile when they receive a compliment, 37 percent when l ooking at family photos and one in five when they are praised at work.。

吃面或吃米造成人的个性不同据外媒报导，在中国，北方人吃面，南方人吃米，研究发觉，这一不同造成了庞大的个性不同。

以面食为主的北方人具有更多的本位主义偏向，离婚率更高。

相较之下，爱吃米的南方人更多地表现出东亚文化的传统品质，离婚率更低。

In China, as in many countries, the north-south divide runs deep. People from the north are seen as hale and hearty（精神充沛的）, while southerners are often portrayed as cunning（狡猾的）, cultured traders. Northerners are taller than southerners. The north eats noodles, while the south eats rice -- and according to new research, when it comes to personality, that difference has meant everything.A study published Friday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China's noodle-slurping northerners are more individualistic, show more "analytic thought" and divorce more frequently. By contrast, the au thors write, rice-eating southerners show more hallmarks traditionally associated with East Asian culture, including more "holistic thought" and lower divorce rates.The reason? Cultivating rice, the authors say, is a lot harder. Picture a rice paddy（稻田）, its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water. They require careful tending and many hours of labor -- by some estimates, twice as much as wheat-- as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation. As the authors w rite,for southerners growing rice, "strict self-reliance might have meant starvation."Growing wheat, by contrast, the north's staple grain, is much simpler. One Chine se farming guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that "if one is short of labor power, it is best to grow wheat."To produce the ir findings, the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1,162 Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan in the south. To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south -- such as climate, dialect and contactwith herding cultures -- the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central prov inces along China's rice-wheat border.According to the authors, the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia's "strangely persistent interdependence." For example, they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countri es, even as they've grown more wealthy.The authors aren't alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture. Malcolm Gladwell in his 2020 book "Outliers" also drew connections between a hard-worki ng ethic (measured by a willingness to fill out long, tedious questionnaires) to a historical traditio n of ri ce cultivati on in places such as South Korea, Taiwan and Japan, given that the farming of such crops is arguab ly an equally tedious chore.But what will happen to such differences after people move away from tending such crops, as is now happening acro ss China? The study cites finding s that US regions settled by Scottish and Irish herders show more violence even long after most herders' descendants have found other lines of work as evidence that cultural traits stubbornl y resist change, even over time. (Herders, psychologists theorize, are ready to put their lives on the line to protect their animals against thiev es or attack.)"In the case of China," the authors concl ude, "only time will tell."。

人们拍照片越多感受和体验就越少一位心理学家指出，人们拍的照片越多，他们感受和体验的就越少，对拍照目标的细节也记得越模糊，她将其称为“拍照效应”。

她说，在公园里给孩子拍照的那些家长，其实当时“更不关心”孩子，因为他们正在关心拍照这件事。

结果，这些父母“失去了”拍照的那些时光。

Los Angeles blogger Rebecca Woolf uses her blog, as a window into her family's life. Naturally, it includes oodles（许多） of pictures of her four children.She says she's probably taken tens of thousands of photos since her oldest child was born. And she remembers the moment when it suddenly clicked -- if you will -- that she was too absorbed in digital documentation."I remember going to the park at one point, and looking around ... and seeing that everyone was on their phones ... not taking photographs, but just -- they had a device in their hands," she recalls."I was like, 'Oh, God, wait. Is this what it looks like?' " she says. "Even if it's just a camera, is this how people see me? ... Are [my kids] going to think of me as somebody who was behind a camera?"Today, Woolf still takes plenty of pictures, but she tries to not let the camera get in the middle of a moment, she says.Effect On Childhood MemoryWith parents flooding their camera phones with hundreds of photos -- from loose teeth to hissy fits to each step in the potty training process -- how might the ubiquity of photos change childhood memories?Maryanne Garry, a psychology professor at the Victoria University of Wellington in New Zealand, is trying to figure that out. For years, she's studied the effects of photography on our childhood memories."I think that the problem is that people are giving away being in the moment," she says.Those parents at the park taking all those photos are actually paying less attention to the moment, she says, because they're focused on the act of taking the photo."Then they've got a thousand photos, and then they just dump the photos somewhere and don't really look at them very much, 'cause it's too difficult to tag them and organize them," she says. "That seems to me to be a kind of loss."Not just a loss for parents, but for their kids as well."If parents are giving away some of their role as the archivist of the child's memory, then they're giving away some of their role as one of the key people who helps children learn how to talk about their experiences," she says.。

喝咖啡能拯救视力A daily cup of coffe e can save your eyesight, scientists claim.科学家称，每日一杯咖啡可以拯救你的视力。

A chemical found in the drink prevents deteriorating eyesight and possible blindness f rom retinal degener ation due to glaucoma（青光眼）, ageing and diabetes.Researchers at Cornell U nivesity in New York were looking at coffee's ant ioxidant effects when they made the discove ry.Coffee contains 1 percent caffeine but between 7 and 9 percent chlorogenic acid （绿原酸） which is a strong antioxidant.The study, published in the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, found that in mice this acid prevented retinal degeneration.Chang Y. Lee, a professor of food science and the study's senior author said: 'Th e re tina is a thin tissue layer on the inside, back wall of the eye with millions of light-sensitive cells and other nerve cells that receive and organise visual information.'It is also one of the most metabolically active tissues, demanding high levels of oxygen and making it prone to oxidative stress.'The lack of oxygen and pr oduction of free radicals leads to tissue damage and loss of sight.'He added: 'The study is important in understanding functional foods, that is, natural foods that provide beneficial health effects.'Coffee is the most popular drink in the world, and we a re understanding what benefit w e can get fro m that.'Previous studies ha ve shown that coffee also cuts the risk of such chronic diseases as Parkinson's, prostate cancer, di abete s, Alz heimer's a nd age-related cognitive declines.1。

高考英语阅读理解(教育文化)题20套(带答案)含解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1．阅读理解When a child is told he is "uncool", it can be very painful. He may say he doesn't care, and even act in ways that are opposite of cool on purpose(故意地). But these are simple ways to deal with sadness by pretending it's not there.Helping a child feel better in school has to be careful. If you say, "Why are you worried about what other children think about you? It doesn't matter!" Children know that it does matter. Instead, an active way may be best. You could say, "I'm going to do a couple of things for you to help you feel better in school."If a boy is having trouble making friends, the teacher can help him. The teacher can arrange things so that he has chances to use his abilities to contribute to class projects. This is how the other children learn how to value his good qualities and to like him. A teacher can also raise a child's popularity in the group by showing that he values that child. It even helps to put him in a seat next to a very popular child, or let him be a partner with that child in activities, etc.There are things that parents can do at home, too. Be friendly when your child brings others home to play. Encourage him to invite friends to meals and then serve the dishes they consider "super". When you plan trips, picnics, movies, and other shows, invite another child with whom your child wants to be friends.What you can do is give him a chance to join a group that may be shutting him out. Then, if he has good qualities, he can start to build real friendship of his own.（1）A child who has been informed of being "uncool" may .A.care nothing about itB.do something uncool on purposeC.develop a sense of angerD.pretend to get hurt very much（2）A teacher can help an unpopular child by .A.seeing the child as the teacher's favouriteB.asking the child to do something for partnersC.forcing other children to make friends with the childD.offering the child chances to show his good qualities（3）How can parents help their child fit in better?A.By taking him to have picnics in the park.B.By being kind to his schoolmates.C.By forcing him to invite friends home.D.By cooking delicious food for him.【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了在学校里的老师及在家里的父母都可以做很多事情来让不受欢迎的孩子受到欢迎。

吃面或吃米造成人的个性差异据外媒报道，在中国，北方人吃面，南方人吃米，研究发现，这一差别造成了巨大的个性差异。

以面食为主的北方人具有更多的个人主义倾向，离婚率更高。

相比之下，爱吃米的南方人更多地表现出东亚文化的传统品质，离婚率更低。

In China, as in many countries, the north-south divide runs deep. People from the north are seen as hale and hearty（精神充沛的）, while southerners are often portrayed as cunning（狡猾的）, cultured traders. Northerners are taller than southerners. The north eats noodles, while the south eats rice -- and according to new research, when it comes to personality, that difference has meant everything.A study published Friday by a group of psychologists in the journal Science finds that China's noodle-slurping northerners are more individualistic, show more "analytic thought" and divorce more frequently. By contrast, the au thors write, rice-eating southerners show more hallmarks traditionally associated with East Asian culture, including more "holistic thought" and lower divorce rates.The reason? Cultivating rice, the authors say, is a lot harder. Picture a rice paddy （稻田）, its delicate seedlings tucked in a bed of water. They require careful tending and many hours of labor -- by some estimates, twice as much as wheat-- as well as reliance on irrigation systems that require neighborly cooperation. As the authors w rite, for southerners growing rice, "strict self-reliance might have meant starvation."Growing wheat, by contrast, the north's staple grain, is much simpler. One Chine se farming guide from the 1600s quoted in the study advised aspiring farmers that "if one is short of labor power, it is best to grow wheat."To produce the ir findings, the authors evaluated the attitudes of 1,162 Han Chinese students in Beijing and Liaoning in the north and in Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan and Sichuan in the south. To control for other factors that distinguish the north and south -- such as climate, dialect and contact with herding cultures -- the authors also analyzed differences between various neighboring counties in five central prov inces along China's rice-wheat border.According to the authors, the influence of rice cultivation can help explain East Asia's "strangely persistent interdependence." For example, they say South Korea and Japan have remained less individualistic than Western countri es, even as they've grown more wealthy.The authors aren't alone in observing the influence various crops have on shaping culture. Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book "Outliers" also drew connections between a hard-worki ng ethic (measured by a willingness to fill out long, tediousquestionnaires) to a historical traditio n of ri ce cultivati on in places such as South Korea, Taiwan and Japan, given that the farming of such crops is arguab ly an equally tedious chore.But what will happen to such differences after people move away from tending such crops, as is now happening acro ss China? The study cites finding s that US regions settled by Scottish and Irish herders show more violence even long after most herders' descendants have found other lines of work as evidence that cultural traits stubbornl y resist change, even over time. (Herders, psychologists theorize, are ready to put their lives on the line to protect their animals against thiev es or attack.)"In the case of China," the authors concl ude, "only time will tell."。

金钱阻碍幸福感俗语说，金钱买不到幸福。

但研究发觉，经济上的安全感比健康的躯体更能让人知足。

随着经济上不平安感的消退，咱们的幸福感也会慢慢增强。

Financial security is more important than good health in making people content, a study has found. Our happiness is growi ng as financial insecurity begin s to abate（减轻）, an official stud y of national "well-being" has found.Money, it seems, might buy happiness, as financial security is more important than good health in making people content, the Office for National Statistics's findings show. National happiness levels are rising although Britons are increasingly despondent about their fitnes s - 59percent were satisfied with their health comp ared with more th an 68 percent in 2020.Seventy-seven percent o f people over 16 in the UK rated their life satisfaction at seven or above, up from 75.9 a year earlier.The study pulled together results from a series of separate measures for the first time, and showed that British people are increasingly frustrated with t heir lack of free time and despondent（沮丧的）a bout their own social life, but are drawing greater happiness from family life than in recent years.。

五个关于肥胖的谬见和误解Deborah Cohen is a senior natural scientist at the Rand Corp. and the author of the forthcoming book "A Big Fat Crisis: The Hidden Forces Behind the Obesity Epidemic and How We Can End It."黛博拉·科恩是美国兰德公司一位高级自然科学家，她所著书籍《肥胖危机：肥胖背后隐藏的原因及如何摆脱肥胖》即将出版问世。

The obesity epidemic is among the most critical health issues facing the United States. Although it has generated a lot of attention and calls for solutions, it also has served up a super-sized portion of myths and misunderstandings.1. If you're obese, blame your genes.As obesity rates have soared, some researchers have focused on individuals' genetic predisposition for gaining weight. Yet, between 1980 and 2000, the number of Americans who are obese has doubled -- too quickly for genetic factors to be responsible.So why do we eat more than we need? The simple answer: Because we can. At home and at restaurants, a dollar puts more calories on our plates than ever before. Before World War II, the average family spent as much as 25 percent of its total income on food -- in 2011, it was 9.8 percent. And people eat out now more than in the past. In 1966, the average family spent 31 percent of its food budget dining away from home -- in 2011, it was 49 percent. Because restaurant meals usually have more calories than what we prepare at home, people who eat out more frequently have higher rates of obesity than those who eat out less.2. If you're obese, you lack self-control.According to a 2006 study, "research on restrained eating has proven that in most circumstances dieting is not a feasible strategy." In other words: People won't lose weight by trying to eat less because they can't easily control themselves. Unfortunately, this puritanical view of personal resolve plays down how our surroundings and mental state determine what we eat.Research shows that if we are overwhelmed with too much information or preoccupied, we have a tendency to surrender to poor dietary choices. In one study, for example, people asked to choose a snack after memorizing a seven-digit number were 50 percent more likely to choose chocolate cake over fruit salad than those who had to memorize a two-digit number. When adults in another study were asked to sample a variety of foods after watching a television show with junk-food commercials, they ate more and spent a longer time eating than a similar group watching the same show withoutthe junk-food ads. In the same study, children ate more goldfish crackers when watching junk-food commercials than those who saw other ads.3. Lack of access to fresh fruits and vegetables is responsible for the obesity epidemic.Obesity is usually the consequence of eating too much junk food and consuming portions that are too large. People may head to the produce section of their grocery store with the best intentions, only to be confronted by candy at the cash register and chips and soda at the end of aisles. Approximately 30 percent of supermarket sales are from such end-of-aisle locations. Food retailers' impulse-marketing strategies contribute significantly to obesity across the population, not just for those who do not live near a green grocer or can't afford sometimes pricier healthy choices.4. The problem is not that we eat too much, but that we are too sedentary.There is compelling evidence that the increase in calories consumed explains the rise in obesity. The National Health and Nutrition Examination found that people take in, on average, more than 500 more calories per day now than they did in the late 1970s, before obesity rates accelerated.That's like having Christmas dinner twice a week or more. It wouldn't be a problem if we stuffed ourselves only once a year, but all-you-can-eat feasts are now available all the time. It's nearly impossible for most of us to exercise enough to burn off these excess calories.5. We can conquer obesity through better education about diet and nutrition.. We can conquer obesity through better education about diet and nutrition.Even with more information about food, extra-large portions and sophisticated marketing messages undermine our ability to limit how much we consume. Consider Americans' alcohol consumption: Only licensed establishments can sell spirits to people older than 21, and no alcohol can be sold in vending machines. Yet there are very few standards or regulations to protect Americans from overeating.In the 19th century, when there were no controls on the quality of drinking water, infectious disease was a major cause of death. Once standards were established, the number of these fatalities plummeted.Similarly, if Americans did not live in a world filled with buffets, cheap fast food, soft drinks with corn syrup, and too many foods with excess fat, salt and sugar, the incidence of obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure and diabetes probably would plummet. Education can help, but what’s really needed is regulation -- for example, limits on marketing that caters to our addiction to sugar and fat.。

提升第一印象的十个方法What can you do to make sure you're looking good during that critical first impression?为了让你在决定性的第一印象中魅力提升，你都可以做些什么呢？1. As a general rule, smiling makes you more attractive. That said, ladies, smile. Guys…well, think twice. Want to improve your smile? Smile slower.2. Beauty sleep? Yeah, it's real. Get some.3. Red clothes. Men, women, whatever. Wear red.4. Guys: stubble（须茬）makes you look smarter and more sociable.5. Guys: chin up. Ladies: chin down.6. Guys: deep, dominant voice. Ladies, keep it feminine. (But you already know that on some level; that's why you speak differently when talking to attractive men.)7. Guys: emphasize the height. Ladies, might want to wear flats.8. Ladies who don't wear makeup: start wearing makeup. And pick bras wisely: that awful stereotype about men liking big boobs? Confirmed.9. Guys, you need to move right, keep cool, and be confident. Or just go buy a puppy. And you know those obnoxious jerks who constantly lift weights, show off their fancy cars, and throw lots of money around? Well, that stuff works. But if you think you're going to date a supermodel, you need to have the whole package… except brains, brains are optional.10. Is none of this helping? Here's a trick that doesn't ask you to change anything about yourself: bring along a friend who has your basic physical characteristics (similar coloring, body type, facial features), but is slightly less attractive than you. It works.。

金钱影响幸福感俗话说，金钱买不到幸福。

但研究发现，经济上的安全感比健康的身体更能让人满足。

随着经济上不安全感的消退，我们的幸福感也会逐渐增强。

Financial security is more important than good health in making people content, a study has found.Our happiness is growi ng as financial insecurity begin s to abate（减轻）, an official stud y of national "well-being" has found.Money, it seems, might buy happiness, as financial security is more important than good health in making people content, the Office for National Statistics's findings show. National happiness levels are rising although Britons are increasingly despondent about their fitnes s - 59 percent were satisfied with their health comp ared with more th an 68 percent in 2010.Seventy-seven percent o f people over 16 in the UK rated their life satisfaction at seven or above, up from 75.9 a year earlier.The study pulled together results from a series of separate measures for the first time, and showed that British people are increasingly frustrated with t heir lack of free time and despondent（沮丧的） a bout their own social life, but are drawing greater happiness from family life than in recent years.1。