英语法律文件中表示条款概念的词语翻译

常用法律英语词汇Common Legal English VocabularyIntroduction:Legal English is a specialized language used in the context of law, legal proceedings, and legal documents. Whether you are a lawyer, a law student, or simply interested in learning more about legal terminology, it is essential to familiarize yourself with the common legal English vocabulary. In this article, we will explore some of the most frequently used legal terms and their meanings.1. Contract Law:1.1 Offer: A proposal made by one party to another, expressing a willingness to enter into a legally binding agreement.1.2 Acceptance: The agreement to the terms of an offer, leading to the formation of a contract.1.3 Consideration: Something of value exchanged between parties as part of a contract.2. Tort Law:2.1 Negligence: Failure to exercise reasonable care, resulting in harm or injury to another person or their property.2.2 Liability: Legal responsibility for one's actions or omissions that cause harm or damage.2.3 Damages: Financial compensation awarded to a plaintiff for the harm suffered due to the defendant's actions.3. Criminal Law:3.1 Felony: A serious crime, typically punishable by imprisonment for more than one year.3.2 Misdemeanor: A less serious offense, usually punishable by a fine or imprisonment for less than one year.3.3 Guilty: The verdict rendered when a defendant is found to have committed a crime.4. Property Law:4.1 Real Estate: Land and anything permanently attached to it, such as buildings or structures.4.2 Title: Legal ownership of property, denoted by a document called a deed.4.3 Eminent Domain: The power of the government to seize private property for public use, with fair compensation to the owner.5. Intellectual Property Law:5.1 Copyright: Exclusive legal rights granted to the creator of an original work, such as a book, song, or painting.5.2 Trademark: A distinctive sign, symbol, or logo used to distinguish goods or services of a particular company or individual.5.3 Patent: A government grant providing exclusive rights to an inventor for a new invention.6. Constitutional Law:6.1 Due Process: The principle that no person should be deprived of life, liberty, or property without fair legal proceedings.6.2 Freedom of Speech: The right to express one's opinions without censorship or restraint by the government.6.3 Equal Protection: The guarantee that all individuals are treated equally under the law, regardless of race, religion, or gender.7. International Law:7.1 Treaty: A binding agreement between two or more countries, typically dealing with matters of international law.7.2 Diplomacy: The practice of conducting negotiations, maintaining relations, and resolving disputes between countries.7.3 Sanction: Measures imposed by one country or a group of countries to compel another country to change its policies or behavior.Conclusion:This article has provided an overview of common legal English vocabulary, encompassing various areas of law. Understanding these terms is invaluable for anyone involved in legal proceedings, studying law, or navigating legal documents. By familiarizing yourself with these terms, you will enhance your ability to comprehend and discuss legal matterseffectively. Remember to consult legal professionals for specific legal advice related to your situation.。

Accord和解或和解协议，如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿等。

Accused被告 Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

acquireacquire指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

详见民法中和刑法中表达不同意思的“acquit”一文。

Actact作为，与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

Action诉讼，相当于suit或lawsuit，如initiate an action提起诉讼，win an action 在诉讼中获胜，defend oneself in an action在诉讼中为自己辩护等。

Adjourn休庭，押后法庭在聆讯途中暂时休庭30分钟，称为“adjourned for 30 minutes”。

May与shall在法律英语之中的应用在英文法律文本翻译中，法律翻译者经常会碰到情态动词，尤其是“shall”和“may”的翻译。

能否准确恰当地处理好情态动词的译法是衡量翻译者翻译水平高低的一个重要方面，但在将其翻译成中文时，不但英语系翻译专业的学生感到难以把握，就连从事英语法律翻译的老师、专业人员也觉得该词难译，常常下笔踌躇，莫衷一是。

一、现有法律英语文本中“shall”的译法“Shall”这一用法较为古老或正式，一般用于法律或半法律文件中，含有“本条款具有法律规定的指令性或强制性”之意。

英文经贸法律文本中“shall”的译法种类繁多，通常被译为“须”“应”，也有译成“将”，甚至可以不译。

（一）shall表示“义务” “责任” 时通常被翻译成“应当” “应该”有时被译成“须” “必须”。

例 1. 进出境运输工具、货物、物品，必须通过设立海关的地点进境或出境《中华人民共和国海关法》第8 条All inward and outward means of transport, goods and articles shall enter or leave the territory at a place where there is a Customs office.例 2.行政长官缺位时，应在六个月内依本法第四十五条的规定产生新的行政长官。

行政长官缺位期间的职务代理，依照上款规定办理。

《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》第53条第二款In the event that the office of Chief Executive becomes vacant, a new Chief executive shall be selected within six months in accordance with the provisions of Article 45 of this Law. During the period of vacancy, his or her duties shall be assumed according to the provisions of the preceding paragraph.（二）shall 在中文文本中“不译” 的情况在具有较长实效的一般性法律条文中（如宪法、刑法、民法等较稳定的法律中不译。

about大概absolutely unique单独abuse of discretion滥用财量权acknowledge and confess供认有罪Action 诉讼action（诉讼）action诉讼，起诉权;Actus Reus犯罪行为affidavit宣誓书;aforesaid如上所述的;after or change改变agency代理（权），机构;agree and declare同意agreement合约;agrees and consents同意aid and abet同谋aid and comfort安慰alias summons（第一次发出的传票无效后）再次发出的传票; alias别名;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在犯罪现场的证据alien（转让，让渡（所有权））alien让渡，转让财产;all and singular一律alleged有嫌疑的,指控的，宣称的，主张的alter and change变更alter ego至交，知己；第二个我amount due or owing到期应付的金额and/o及；或rany matter, fact or things事件any matter, fact or thing事件apparently显然Appeal 上诉appeal上诉;appeal上诉;approach the bench 过来approximately近似argumentative来自推论的；可争议的arrest warrant 逮捕证arrested in flagrante delicto当场被捕，arrest逮捕;arson纵火罪;as soon as possible尽快ascend up上升assault殴打，侵犯他人身体罪;at issue在审议中的，讨论的；待解决的，待裁决的attorney general检察长/首席检察官/司法部长; attorneys律师，检察官;authorise and empower授权available可获得的average平均数；中等水平；海损avoid （撤销）Award 裁决,判决bail exonerated 保证人责任的免除bail保释（金）;battery殴打;be cumulative and in addition另外be declared or adjudged判决bill, note票据bill议案，起诉书;Blackacr黑亩（与whiteacre 白亩相对）blend together混合bona fide真正的;breaking and entering破门窗闯入burden of proof）举证责任（bureau of public security公安局();by this act and deed有约束力契约by virtue of or in connection with由于came on for hearing聆讯came on for hearing听讼cancel, annul and set aside取消，废止care注意；监护case案件，诉讼；判例Causation 因果关系cause of action诉因；诉权cease and desist终止cease and desist终止chose in action诉讼上的财产（权）;claim债权，民事诉讼请求;clean and neat condition清洁情况clear and convincing清楚且令人确信coming into your possession or control占有common counts（请求偿还欠款的）多种诉讼形式，起诉书; comparable参照物；对比compromise, arrangement or settlement协议Concurrence两者并存condense down 压缩condition条款，要件;confessed and acknowledged承认congress/senate）议会consideration（对价）constables巡警，警官;constitution or partners合伙continue on继续contract合同;convenient合宜的convey, transfer and set over 移交cooperate together合作counsel律师，法律顾问;count（控告的一条）罪状;counterpart（副件）court法庭;covenant（契约）covenants and agrees立约covenant合同，盟约;credit or facilities信贷crime犯罪;criminal detention刑事拘留damages损害赔偿金damage赔偿金;debt债务;declaration原告的申诉，供诉;decree法令；裁决deed or covenant, guarantee, indemnity, assurance, pledge保证物Deed 契约deem and consider视为defect, or insufficiency or want缺陷或不足或短缺defendant被告;defendant被告;delinquency—失职行为;demand要求，召唤;demise（出租）demur（抗辩）demurrer抗辩书;demurrer抗诉; estoppel禁止翻供;descent依法转交;desire希望；请求；要求；授权detain/ take into custody实施拘留Deterrence 威慑目的devise遗赠;do and perform 履行Dock 被告席DOJ=Department of Justice律政司(doubtless无争议的dry trust被动/消极信托;due care应有的注意each and all每人都each and every每个each and every所有easement地役权;esquire用于写信时称呼律师、治安法官等;estoppel in pais（衡平法上的）不容推翻的事实;evidence证词，证据;ex parte单方的;ex post facto事后的，追溯的;excessive过分的；过度的executed（已签字的，已生效的）execution（经签名盖章等）法律文件的生效;executive detention行政拘留（existing现行的expenses花费；费用；代价extreme cruelty极度虐待fair and equitable公正的fair division合理分割false and untrue虚假的fectitious defendant虚拟被告;fee simple and fee tail无条件继承的不动产和指定继承人继承的保有土地; fee simple继承者有全权的地产;fee tail有限制的继承地产;felony—重刑罪felony—重刑罪/重罪;felony重罪;few极少的final and conclusive最后的，决定性的fit and proper合适的fixtures or fittings固定设备fixture不动产的附着物force and effect生效forgive and pardon赦免forthwith立即;forward planning打算four corners of the instrument文件的完整内容fraud and deceit欺诈free and clear没有债务牵累的，(不动产)无任何负担的free and complete完全full and complete完全full and complete完全的，完整的full, true and correct完全正确的give, devise and bequeath 遗产give, devise and bequeath赠与goals(jails)监狱;good and effectual有效good and sufficient充足good and valid有效goods and chattels动产goods and chattels全部动产grant准予，授与;gross (如gross profit)，reasonable (如reasonable care/ man/ speed/ time等等)，serious (如serious illness/ misconduct, crime, circumstances等等) ，undue (如undue influence/ interference/ restraint 等等)，due (如due care/ process)guarantee保证书，保单;guarantee担保品，保单;guarantor（统）保证人;guardian ad litem（为某一特殊诉讼）指定的监护人;guardian监护人;habeas corpus人身保护令;habeas corpus人身保护令;habitual惯常的had and received收到had and received收到hand（签字）Hand签字have and hold持有heir继承人，后嗣;here words:hereafter从此以后，随后;hereby有鉴于此;hereinafter下文;hereinbefore上述;herein在此，据此看来;hereof对此;heretofore此前;hereto至此为止;hereunder（书、文件等中）在下面;herewith据此;hold and keep拥有，依法占有hue and cry追捕时的叫喊illegal, invalid or unenforceable无效illegality, invalidity or unenforceability无效Immunity 豁免权important essentialsimproper不良；不正当in connection with与有联系in flagrante delicto在犯罪现场;in full force and effect有完全效力的in locum parentis替代父母;in regard to关于in rem对物诉讼;in the funds and currency资金in your sole and absolute discretion您有绝对处置权inadequate不充分；不恰当Incapacitation 剥夺犯罪能力的目的incurred or arising out or in connection therewith incurred, created, assumed招致indictment控告，起诉;indulgence or concession让步infant幼儿，未成年人;inferior court初级法院；低级法院instrument（法律文据）intensive supervision probation 加强监督型缓刑intention目的；蓄意inter alia在其他事之间;inter partes在当事人之间;intoxicated喝醉的；陶醉的invalid or unenforceable无效或不可执行的irregular or improper不适当issue of fact事实上的争点issue of law法律上的争点judges审判员;judgment, award and/ or order判决judgment审判，裁决;judicial detention) 民事司法拘留(judicial notice法院公告;judicial proceeding司法[程序] [审判程序]；jurors陪审员;justices高等法院的法官;justice正义;keep and maintain保有laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;landlord/lessor出租方;larceny偷盗;large大的last will and testament遗嘱lately不久前law enforcement department) 执法部门(Leave 休庭legislator/lawmaker立法机构（）:let (如在"without let or hindrance"这个短语中)妨碍; let or hindrance阻碍letters patent专利特权许可证;letters（证书）Letters授权令lien留置权，扣押权;loans or advances made or to be made借款与预付made and entered into订立合同make payment, performance履行malice恶意；蓄意marriage婚姻，商业合并;master and servant雇主和雇员;master（雇主）means and includes手段Mens Rea主观过错/犯罪意图mere仅仅metes and bounds地界（土地转让中的用语）; mind and memory心意与记忆Minor 未成年人misdemeanor轻罪;misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misfeasance—失当行为;moneys, obligations and liabilities债务、责任与义务money货币;month-to-month tenancy按月付租金;more or less或多或少mortgage, charge按揭，押记motion（动议，法院令）mutually agree相互同意near近似negotiable instrument可转让的票据/可流通票据;net profit净利new and novel新的nominate, constitute and appoint任命nota bene留心，注意;note笔录;null and void无效nulla poena sine lege法无明文者不罚（罪刑法定主义原则）; obligation义务;obvious明显的order and direct命令oyez（法庭用语）肃静，静听;paid, discharged and satisfied支付、解除或清偿pardon and executive clemency 赦免和减刑pardon赦免;parliament/国会()/parties当事人;partner合伙人，股东;party（当事人）past history历史payment付款;perform and discharge履行义务physical evidence；物证pierce the corporate veil揭穿公司面纱plaintiff原告;plaintiff原告;plead guilty)；承认遭检控的罪名(plead（递诉状）pleadings（原告的）诉状，（被告的）答辩状;pledge抵押（权）;police n.警察（当局），v.管理，整顿;police station) 派出所(possession所有权，所有物;possible可能的prayer（诉讼请求）presents（本文件）presumption of innocence); 无罪推定(prima facie evidence 表面证据prima facie表面的;principal and surety主债务人和保证人;prior to先前的prisons监狱，拘留所;probation缓刑procuratorate organ）/检察院（）procuratorial personnel）/检察人员（promptly即期的property财产（指一切合法的不动产和动产）;proper准确的；体面的Prosecutions Division)/刑事检控科(prosecution检控（provided that 只要，但；provisions or enactment成文法proviso但书;public prosecutor(检控官)；purchase（置得（不动产））purchase购置;purported声称，宣称pursuant to stipulation遵照条款pursuant to根据，与……相符;quash撤销（一项传唤令或控告状），宣布（判决等）无效; quorum法定人数;record记录，档案；法院的卷宗，诉讼记录regular依法的；有规律的Rehabilitation 改造目的release, discharge or settlement免除、解除或和解remain in full force, validity and effect有充分效力remain silent in court) 保持缄默(remise, release and quitclaim放弃权利repair and make good补偿reprieve缓刑;request and require要求res ipsa loquitur事情不言自明;rest, residue and remainder 遗产rest, residue and remainder遗产Retribution 报应目的reversed and remanded撤销原判并发回重审right, interest and title权益right, power or remedy权利、权力和补偿robbery抢劫;roll案卷，档案;said (作形容词使用时)上述的;said（上文所说的）sat down for hearing聆讯satisfaction义务的履行；债务的清偿satisfy清偿债务；履行义务save and except除save and except除……以外save（除了）save除了;search warrant 搜查证sentence宣判，判决（专指刑事判决）; seriously and gravely严重servant受雇人;serve（送达）settle and compromise处理signed, sealed and delivered签署生效similar类似slander言词诽谤;sole and exclusive唯一的sound mind心智健全specialty（盖印合同）specialty盖印合同或契据;strangers to the blood无血缘关系的人style样式;subject to依据，以……为条件，受……规限; subsequent继之后such如此;suffer or permit容许sufficient足够的；充足suitable恰当的suit诉讼，控告;superior court高级法院surrender归还（土地权），自首;taking or raising any point提出temporarily临时tenant/lessee承租方;tenement（不动产）terms and conditions条款terms or conditions条款the deceased / the decedent 已故者the People’s Congress各级人大（）thenceforth从那时开始，此后thence由此，从那种情况或缘由，从此；thenwords:there words:thereabout大约，左右;thereafter以后，据此;thereat因此;thereby因此，从而;therefore因此;therefor为此;therein在那里，在那时;thereon 在其上，随即;theretofore直到那时，在那时之前; thereto到那里，此外;thereunder遵照，在其下;thereunto到那里;thereupon因此;therewith与此，与之;things所有物to do or cause to be done履行toll the statute中止诉讼时效tort侵权;tort侵权;totally null and void无效totally unanimous一致同意的，全体一致的transaction交易treason叛国罪;treason—叛国罪;trespass非法侵入（他人土地或住宅）;tried and tested可靠的true and correct正确的try审判；解决争端under or pursuant to依照under the influence of 受的影响understand理解；认识unless and until直到unless and until直到unreasonable无理性的；过度的unsafe危险的unsound不卫生的；不健全的unusual不寻常的usual寻常的valid or effective有效的valid or enforceable有效或可执行的valuable有价值的；贵重的verdict（由陪审团一致通过而为法院所接受的）裁决; versus对;violation—犯规/违反行为;voir dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核. voire dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核; voluntary法律上未要求的而自愿作的Warrant 拘捕令well and sufficiently充分well settled合理解决where words:whereas (相当于"given the fact that"), 鉴于; whereas有鉴于此whereat对那个，由于;whereby因此;whereof关于那事（人）；will and testament 遗嘱withholding, deduction扣除without prejudice不影响实体权利的without prejudice不影响实体权利的witness / human evidence人证witnesseth 意为提供某事的正式证据witness作证，表明; worthless空头writ of fieri facias强制执行令;。

Aabsolute proof 绝对质明absolute property 绝对财富〔权〕abstract of title 产权书摘要acceleration clause 提前〔偿还〕条款acceptance 承诺accident report 变乱陈述accident insurance 不测保险accusation 指控；控告accusatorial procedure 控告程序accusatorial process of proof 控告证明过程〔程序〕accusatorial system 控告或诉讼程序accused 被指控者accuser 控告人acknowledgement 认知(书)acquittal 无罪判决act 条例；作为Act for the prevention of Frauds and Perjuries 预防诈欺和伪证条例action 诉讼；作为actual losses 实际损掉adjudication 裁决；裁定administrative law 行政法administrative law judge 行政法法官administrative procedure 行政程序administrator 办理人；监管人admissible 可采的admissibility 可采性admit 采用；允许adoption 收养adulterous conduct 通奸行为ad valorem property tax 从价财富税adversarial hearing 对抗式听证会adversarial process 对抗式程序adversary 敌手adversary trial system 对抗式〔或抗辩〕审判制度advocacy 出庭辩护；诉讼代办署理advocate 辩护人；诉讼代办署理人affidavit 正式书面陈述affirm 维持〔原判〕affirmation 包管书；证词affirmative 确保的agency 〔行政〕机关agency action 机关〔行政〕机关agreed upon remedies 补救协议agreement 协议agreement-as-written 书面协议agreement -in-fact 事实协议alibi 阿里白〔不在犯罪场的证明〕alienation of affection 离间夫妻关系allegation 声称；指控allege 诉称；指控alleged offense 所控罪行alternate juror 替补陪审员amendment 修正案American Bar Association 美国律师协会American Law Institute 美国法学会analogy 类推Anglo-American Legal System英美法系anonymous accusation匿名控告appeal上诉appear出庭appellant上诉人appellate action上诉行为appellate court上诉法院appellee被上诉人appealer上诉人appropriate拨款appurtenant从属物arbiter仲裁员arbitrary武断的arbitration仲裁arraignment初审array陪审员名单arrest逮捕arrest warrant逮捕令〔证〕arrestee被捕人article条款，文章article of authority授权条款articles of confederation联帮条例articles of incorporation公司组织章程artificial person法人Asian American legal defense and education fund亚裔美国人法律辩护与教育基金会assault意图或威胁伤害assert主张，传播鼓吹asset资产assistant attorney助理法官associate judge副法官associate justice副大法官assumption违约合同，违约抵偿之诉assumption 假定attempt意图，企图attempted escape逃脱未遂attestation证词attorney代办署理人，律师attorney at law律师attorney general查察长authentication鉴定authority权力，法源，权威性依据automobile insurance机动车保险automobile tort机动车侵权行为autonomy自治〔权〕Bban禁令，禁止banishment流放bankruptcy 破产bankruptcy discharge破产债务解除bankruptcy judge破产法官bar律师职业bar association律师协会barrister出庭律师battery殴打bench trial法官审beneficiary受益人benefit收益，福得bigamy重婚罪bill of lading提单bill of right人权法案bind over具保，具结binder临时保险单binding有约束力binding contract有约束力的合同binding force约束力binding interpretation有约束力的解释black-letter law〔普通接受之底子原那么的〕黑体字法black nation bar association全美黑人律师协会blue sky law蓝天法〔关于股票买卖控制的法律〕Board of Governors〔ABA〕〔美国律师协会的〕董事会body of law 法体bond 债券；保释金bond instrument 债券契据branding 鞭挞breach 违约；破坏bride 贿赂bribery 贿赂〔罪〕bright-line test 明显边界查验尺度broker 中间人brokerage fee 佣金；中介费brother-sister corporation 兄弟公司；姊妹公司Bulk Sales Act 大宗发卖条例burden 责任burden of going forward with the evidence 先行举证责任burden of persuasion 说服责任；证明责任burden of producing evidence 举证责任burden of proof 证明责任burglary入室盗窃〔罪〕business corporation实业公司business law 实业法business organization 实业组织buy-out agreement〔股权〕承买协议buy-sell agreement〔股权〕买卖协议bylaws〔内部〕章程CCalifornia Penal Code 加州刑法典capital account 本钱帐户capital crime 可判死刑罪capital punishment 死刑capital surplus 本钱盈余capitation tax 人头税career criminal 职业罪犯career judiciary 职业法官case briefing 案情摘要case-in-chief 主诉case law 判例法case method 案例教学法case report 判决陈述case reports 判例汇编casualty insurance 〔不测伤害〕保险catalog 商品目录〔单〕certificate 证书certificate of existence 实体存在证明〔书〕challenge 置疑；挑战challenge for cause有理回避chancery court 衡平法院charging instrument 控告文件checks and balances 制衡〔原那么〕chief judge 首席法官chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童circuit court 巡回法院circuit judge 巡回法官circumstantial evidence 旁证；情况证据citation 引证cite 援引；传讯civil court 民事法civil forfeiture 民事罚没civil law 民法Civil Law Legal System 民法体系civil liability 民事责任civil Liberty 民事自由civil Litigation民事诉讼civil procedure 民事诉讼程序civil suit民事诉讼Civil trial 民事审判Civil right 民权Civil right law 民权法Civil War Income Tax Act 内战所得税条例Claim 诉讼请求，索赔Classification of law 法律分类Close corporation内部持股公司Closely held corporation 内部持股公司Closing 终结，成交，结帐Closing argument 最后阐述Closing statement成交声明Code 法典Code of Judicial Conduct 法官行为准那么Codify 编成法典Co-felon 共同重罪犯Cohabitation 同居Collateral contract 从属合同Collegiate bench 合议席Collegiate panel 合议庭Commercial clause 商务条款，贸易条款Commercial law 商法Commercial paper 商务文件Commission佣金Commit 交托，犯〔罪〕Commitment 犯罪，许诺，委托Commitment of financing 融资许诺Common law 普通法Common law damages 普通法抵偿金Common law legal system(family) 普通法法系Common law marriage 普通法婚姻Common property 共同财富Common stock 普通股票Community property 共同财富Comparative law 比较法Comparative negligence 比较过掉Compensation 抵偿〔金〕Compensatory damage 应予抵偿之损害Competence 管辖权限Competency 有效性Complaint 控告，申诉Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 滥用毒品的综合预防与控制条例Compulsory license 强制性许可Concur附条件地同意Concurring opinion 并存〔判决〕定见Confer 授与Conference 协商会议Confidential information 保密信息Confiscation 充公Conflict law 冲突法Congress 国会Consent 同意，承认Consideration 对价，约因Constitution 宪法Constitutional Convention 制宪会议Constitutional law 宪法Constitutional tort 宪法性侵权Constitutionality 合宪性Construction 〔法律的〕布局，解释Construe 解释，阐发Consultation 磋商Consumer protection statute 消费者庇护法律Consumption tax 消费税Continental Law Legal System(or Family) 大陆法系Contingent fee 胜诉酬金Continuance 诉讼延期Contract 合同Contract dispute 合同纠纷Contract formation 合同构成Contract interpretation 合同解释Contract law 合同法Contract performance 合同履行contractor 承包商contravence 触犯;违犯contributory negligence 共同过掉controlling law 应适应之法律conversion 不法占有convey 转让conveyance 转让convertible bond 可转换债券conviction 有罪判决convincing evidence 使人信服的证据copyright 版权;著作权corporal punishment肉体刑corporate camsel 公司法律参谋corporate excise tax 公司执照税corporate law 公司法corporation 公司corporation aggregate 合有公司corporation code 公司法典corporation law 公司法corporation sole 独有公司corpus 尸体;本金Council on legal Education Opportunities 法律教育时机委员会counselor (法律)参谋;律师counselor-at-law 律师court 法院;法官court decision 法院判决court fee 诉讼费court of appeals 上诉法院court of chancery 衡平法法院court of claims 索赔法院court of customs and Patent Appeals 关税及专利上诉法院court of domestic relations 家庭关系法院court opinion 法院判决定见courtroom 法庭coverage 保险范围crime 犯罪crime code 刑法典crime homicide 有罪杀人crime justice system 刑事司法系统crime law 刑法crime liability 刑事责任crime procedure 刑事诉讼程序cross-examination 交叉查问;盘诘cruel and unusual punishment 残忍和非常的刑罚cumulative evidence 累计证据curative 临时监护的curriculum guide 课程指南custody 监护custom duty 关税customary law 习惯法customary practice 惯例customs court 关税法院Ddamage 损害;损伤damage claim 损害抵偿请求damages 损害抵偿金deadlocked jury 僵局陪审团death penalty 死刑death tax 遗产税debenture 债单(券)debt securities 债权证券decide a case 判案deed 契约deed book 文契汇编defamation 诽谤default 不履行;违约defendant 被告人defence 辩护defence attorney 辩护律师defense's case-in-chief 辩护方主讼deficiency judgment 缺乏额判决degrees of murder (恶意)杀人罪的等级delegation 授权delegated legislation 授权立法deliberate intention 成心deliberation (陪审团)评议demonstrative evidence 示意证据deprivation 剥夺derogatory treatment of the work 对作品的贬毁性措置(或使用) designs 设计detract 毁损;贬低developer (地盘)开发商dicta 判决附带定见dignity 尊严direct evidence 直接证据direct examination 直接查问direct tax 直接税disa bility insurance 残疾保险disabled dependent child 无谋生能力的残疾儿童discharge 解雇;释放discount 贴现;折扣discovery 要求告知discrete risk transfer product 离散性风险转移(保险)产物discretion 自由裁量权discriminatory 歧视性税收dispense 执行;施行dispute 争议;纠纷disposition 措置(权)dissent 贰言;反对dissenting opinion 贰言;反对定见dissolution 闭幕distort 歪曲;误解district attorney 地域查抄官database right 数据权dividend 股息division of title 产权分割divorce 离婚docket 备审案件目录doctrine 法那么;原那么doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原那么doctrine of Maranda Warnings 米兰达忠告原那么document 文件;文书document of title 产权证书domant Commerce Clause 休眠的"贸易条款" domicile 住所地double jeopardy 一罪二审draft 草拟;草拟draftman 草拟者drug trade 毒品交易drug trafficking 毒品交易dry run 干转;排练due diligence 适当努力due process 正当程序Due Process Clause 正当程序条款due process test 正当程序查验尺度duration 期限duress 强迫;胁迫duty 义务;关税duty of care 照看义务Eearnest money 定金easyment 地役权ecclesiastical court 宗教法庭economic law 经济法effective date 生效日期effective time 生效时间element of crime 犯罪要素(件)empower 授权enact 制定;发布en banc 全体法官出庭审判encroachment 侵占encumbered property 典质财富enforce 实施；执行enforceable 可强制执行的enforceability 可执行性enforcement of Law 执法English-American Legal System (or Family) 英吉利法系enjoin(衡平〕强制令entail 限定担当entity 实体environmental impact statement 环境影响陈述environmental Law 环境庇护法Environmental protection Agency(EPA) 环境庇护局environmental quality 环境质量equal protection clause 平等庇护条款equitable relief 衡平布施equity 衡平法equity Law 衡平法equity precedent 衡平法判例equity securities 产权证券；衡平证券error 过错escape 逃走；逃脱escrow 第三者保留合同essential justice 本色公正estate财富；遗产estate tax 遗产税ＥＵDirective 欧盟指令evaluate 评价evict 逐出〔租户〕evidence 证据evidentiary presumption 证据推定evidentiary rule 证据规那么ex aequo at bono 公平且善良examine 查抄；查问examination 查抄；查问exception 例外exception clause 例外条款excise tax 执照税exclude 排除exclusive listing 读家上市exclusive right 排他性权利exclusive tax situs 独一征税地址excusable homicide 可宽恕之杀人execute 执行；签属execution 执行executive acts 行政条例executive branch 行政部分executive order 行政命令executor (遗嘱〕执行人executor of estate 遗产执行人exemption 免除；豁免exhibit 展示物〔证〕exigent circumstance 紧急情况existing securities 上市证券exparte 单方面的expectation damages 预期抵偿金expert 专家〔证人〕expert testimony 专家证言expert witness 专家证人express contract 明示合同express statutory provision 法律明文规定express warranty 明示包管〔保修〕ex rel 依据揭发face amount 面颊face value 面植facilitate 促使：利于fact 事实fact in issue 争议事实factor 因素；代办署理商Factors Lien Act 代办署理商留置权条例Fair trial 公平审判false imprisonment 不法拘禁family law 家庭法fault 过错fault principle 过错原那么feasibility study 可行性研究Federal Administrative Procedure Act 联邦行政程序Federal Antitrust Law 联邦犯托拉斯法federal convention 联邦制宪会议federal crime of murder 联邦杀人罪Federal Housing Act 联邦住房条例Federal Income Tax Act 联邦所得税条例federal judge 联邦法官Federal rules of civil procedure 联邦民事诉讼规那么Federal rules of criminal procedure 联邦刑事诉讼规那么Federal rules of evidence 联邦证据规那么Federal securities act 联邦证券条例federal supremacy 联邦至上〔原那么〕Federal tort claims act 联邦侵权索赔条例felon 重罪犯felony 重罪felony-murder 重罪杀人fiduciary 受托人file 档案；注册file a petition 呈交诉状；提出请求fine 罚金fingerprint 手印fire insurance 火灾保险fire protection 消防first degree murder 一级谋杀first instance 一审fixture 〔不动产〕从属物flogging 烙印force of law 法律效力forcible felony 暴力性重罪foreign exchange risk 外汇风险forfeiture 充公；罚没form contract 格式合同form of evidence 证据的形式formal adjudication 正式裁决formal rulemaking 正式规那么制定formation 构成；鉴定franchise tax 特许经营税fraud 诈欺free enterprise system 自由企业制度free movement of goods 自由物流，货物的自由畅通freedom of choice 选择自由frustrate 使受挫折fundamental law 底子法fundamental right 底子权利Ggeneral acceptance standard (科学证据的)公认尺度general partnership 一般合伙general property 一般财富〔权〕general provisions 总那么gerontocratic 白叟统治的gift tax 赠予税government tort 当局侵权〔行为〕grant of power 授权gross negligence 严重过掉group insurance 团体保险guarantee 担保guardian 监护人guardianship 监护权guidelines for sentencing 量刑指南guilt 有罪guilty 有罪的guilty 有罪辩说Hhabitual offender 惯犯hail insurance 冰雹保险handcuff 手铐handwriting 笔迹health insurance 健康保险health regulation 卫生法规hearing 听证〔会〕hearing of jury 陪审团听审hearsay 传说风闻证据heir 担当人hierarchy 等级制度high crime 重罪hold 认定；裁定holding 认定；裁定holding device 拥有手段〔形式〕homicide 杀人〔罪〕homosexuality 同性恋house counsel 〔公司〕专职法律参谋husband-wife relationship 夫妻关系husband-wife tort 夫妻侵权〔行为〕IId. 同上identification 认定；确认身份；身份证ignore 无视；驳回illegal 不法的；违法的immaterial 无本色性的immigration law 移民法immovable property 不动产immunity 豁免〔权〕impair 损害；削弱impeachment 弹劾；质疑implementation 实施；执行implied contract 默认合同implied warranty 默认包管〔保修〕imprisonment 监禁imputable 可归罪于……的imputation 归罪in re 关于；案由in recess 休庭in rem 对物的〔诉讼〕in session 开庭inadmissible evidence 不成采证据incarceration 禁闭；监禁incest 乱伦income tax 所得税Income Tax Act 所得税条例income tax on corporations 公司所得税income tax on individuals 个人所得税incompetence 无行为能力；无法律资格incompetent 无行为能力的；无法律资格的incorporation 法人；公司；组成公司incorporator 公司创办人independent regulatory agency 独立规制机构indicative list 指导性名单indictment 起诉书indirect evidence 间接证据indirect tax 间接税individual choice 个人选择〔权〕individual freedom 个人自由individual omni competence 个人全权individual proprietorship 个体业主individual right 个人权利ineffective 掉效的inequality 不服等infamous 罪恶的；丑恶的inference 推理;推论infliction 处分informal adjudication 非正式裁决informal rulemaking 非正式规那么制定information 信息; 控告书infomer 耳目;谍报员initial ruling 初步裁定injunction 禁令;强制令injunctive relief 强制布施injure 伤害injustice 不公正innocence 无罪innocent 无罪的;无罪者innocent owner defense 无过错所有人辩护inquiry 查询拜访inquisitiorial system 纠问式诉讼制度insane 精神变态insanity defense 精神变态辩护inspection 查抄;审查installment land vendor 分期付款的地盘出售人installment plan agreement 分期付款购物协议instruction 指示instrument 文件insurable interest 可保利益insurable loss 可保损掉insurance agent 保险代办署理商insurance binder 临时保单insurance broker 保险中间人insurance card 保险卡insurance coverage 保险范围insurance law 保险法insurance policy 保险单;险种insurance premium 保险费insurance proceeds 保险收益insurance product 保险工程insured 被保险人insurer 保险人intangible 无形的intangible damage 无形损害intangible property 无形财富intangible personal property 无形的人身财富(权) inter alia 除了此外以外interfere 干预;侵犯interlocutory injunction 临时强制令;(诉讼)中间的强制令intermediate appellate court 中级上诉法院intermetional business 调整interrogation 国际商务intentional 成心的intentional tort 成心侵权行为interest 利息;权益;利益interest rate risk 利率风险interview 询问invalid 无效的;不合法的invalidate 使无效invasion of privacy 侵犯隐私权investigation 侦查;查询拜访investment 投资investment portfolio risk 投资风险组合investment securities 投资证券irrelevancy 无相关性irrelevant 不相关的irrelevant evidence 无相关性证据irrevocable 不成撤销的irrevocable life insurance trust 不成撤销的人寿保险信托itinerant judge 巡回法官Jjoint tenancy 共同租借(权)joint venture 合资企业joint venture corporation合资公司joint venture with Chinese and foreign investment中外合资企业judge法官judge-made law法官立法judge's chamber法官室judge's charge to jury法官对陪审团的指令judge's instruction to jury法官对陪审团的指示judgment判决，裁定judicial branch司法部分judicial clerkship法院书记员职位judicial decision 法官职位judicial district司法区judicial interpretation司法解释judicial notice司法任职judicial opinion法官判决定见judicial review司法审查judicial scrutiny司法查抄judicial subjectivity审判主不雅性judicial system法院系统judiciary法官jurisdiction司法管辖区jurisprudence法理学juror陪审员jury陪审团jury charge法官对陪审团的指令jury pool待选陪审员库jury selection挑选陪审员jury trial陪审团制justice公正，大法官justice of the peace治安法官justifiable homicide正当杀人juvenile court未成年人法庭juvenile delinquency未成年人违法行为ＫKey man assurance关键人保险Key person insurance关键人保险Kickbacks回扣Kill杀人Killer杀人者Know-how技术奥秘，商业奥秘Ｌland use law地盘使用法last clear chance doctrine最后明显时机法那么law 法，法律law firm律师事务所law merchant商业习惯法law of evidence证据法law reform法律鼎新lawsuit诉讼，官司lawyer律师lawyer in government当局律师；官方律师lawyer in private practice私人开业律师lawyerette律师娘lawman外行人lay witness普通证人；非专家证人lease租赁lease agreement租赁协议legacy遗产legacy tax遗产税legal合法的legal advice法律咨询legal commentary法律评论legal education法律教育legal effect法律教育legal enforcement法律效力legal English法律英语legal family法系legal history 法律史legal instrument 法律文件legal mechanism法律机制legal memorandum 法律备忘录legal methodology 法律方法论legal order 法律秩序legal problem 法律问题legal profession 法律职业legal protection 法律庇护legal relationship 法律关系legal representative 法律代表legal safeguard 法律保障〔办法〕legal system 法律体系；法律制度legal theorist 法学理论家legal writing 法律文书写作legalese 法律涩语legality 法制legislation 立法legislative branch 立法部分legislative history 立法史legislature 立法机关legitimate 合法的levy 征收〔税〕liability 责任；债务liability insurance 责任保险liberty 自由license plate 〔车〕执照牌license tax 执照税lien 留置〔权〕life estate 终生财〔遗〕产life insurance 人寿保险limited partnership 有限合伙liquidated damages 预定违约金liquidity risk 流动资金风险literary property 著作产权litigant 诉讼当事人litigation 诉讼；打官司livestock insurance 家畜保险loan 贷款lord chancellor (英国)大法官loss of rights 丧掉权利MMagistrate 司法官Magna Charta of great Britain 英国大宪章mail order 邮购majority opinion 大都〔法官〕的定见malicious prosecution 恶意起诉malfeasance 渎职〔罪〕malpractice 渎职行为mandate 命令；授权mandatory insurance law 强制保险法manslaughter 非恶意杀人marine insurance 海上保险marital status 婚姻状况marital status classification 婚姻状况的分类maritime tort 海上侵权行为market economy 市场经济marriage 婚姻marriage ceremony 婚礼marriage certificate 成婚证书marriage law 婚姻法marriage relationship 婚姻关系marriage termination rule (残疾人领取社会保险补助的)婚姻终止规那么material 本色性的materiality 本色性maxims of equity law 衡平法准那么Mayflower Compact “五月花号〞公约medical malpractice 大夫不妥行为mental capacity 心智能力mental condition 精神状态mentor 辅导教师minor issue 枝节问题；未成年人问题Miranda Warning 米兰达忠〔警〕告misapply 错误适用misdemeanor 轻罪mislaid property 错置财富misrepresentation 虚假陈述mistrial 无效审判mock trial 模拟审判Model Business Corporation Act 尺度实业公司条例Model Penal Code 尺度刑法典Model State Administrative Procedure Act 尺度洲行政程序条例modern commerce Power test 现代商务〔贸易〕权力查验尺度modern delegation of power doctrine 现代授权法那么monopolization 垄断monopoly right 专有权moot court 模拟法庭mortgage 典质〔品〕motion 动议，请求movable property 动产multiple listing 多重上市；多重登记Multistate Bar Exam 多洲律师资格测验murder 恶意杀人；凶杀murderer 杀人犯mutilation 断肢NNational Association for the Advancement of Colored People 全国有色人种促进会National Conference of Black Lawyers 全国黑人律师大会National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform state Laws 统一各洲法律全国代表大会National Environmental Policy Act 全国环境政策条例National Institute of Minority Lawyers 全国少数民族律师学会National Law Journal 国家法律学报narcotics distribution 麻醉品供销narcotics trafficking 麻醉品交易narcotics violation 麻醉品违法行为natural justice 自然公正negative form of protection 否认〔或消极〕形式的庇护negligence 过掉negligent homicide 过掉杀人negligent tort 过掉侵权行为negotiable instrument 单据negotiation 谈判；协商New Deal 〔罗斯福〕“新政〞no contest 无争辩no par share 无面值股票non-profit corporation 非营利公司norm 尺度；尺度not guilty plea 无罪辩说notice 通知notice of transfer 过户通知notification 通知；传递notion 概念nullification process 无效程序Oobject 反对objection 反对；贰言obligation 义务occupancy agreement 占用协议offender 犯罪人offense 罪行offer 要约；发盘offer of Proof 提供证明Old Boy Network 老哥们关系网Omission不做为：不履行义务Omni competence有全部权利Opening statement开场陈述Opening testimony定见证言Oral contract口头合同Order命令；次序Pperforms' rights 表演权peril 危险perjure作伪证perjury伪证罪perpetrate犯罪perpetator犯罪人ordinance法令personal property动产outstanding balance未付款额personal right人身权利outstanding share已发行股票personal tort人身侵权overrule推翻；驳回persuasive authority劝导性发源ownership所有权petition申请ownership interest所有权力petty misdemeanor微罪physical exhibit展示物品physical injury身体伤害panel团或组plaintiff原告人par value面值plea辩说paramour奸夫plea of guilty有罪辩说parent child relation父子女关系plea of contest无争辩辩说parent corporation母公司plea of guilty无罪辩说parent unfitness父母不堪任police差人parole假释police magistrate警务法官partnership合伙police magistrate court差人法院passage of title产权转移police power差人权利passive investor消极投资人policy政策patent专利policy holder投保人paternity父亲身份poll tax人头税penal code刑法典portfolio of risk风险组合penalty刑罚possession占有权pending待决postponement延迟penitentiary监狱practice law从事律师工作penitentiary sentence监禁刑practicing lawyer开业律师penology刑法学practice of law律师事物per curiam依法院所定precedent判例peremptory challenge强制回避precedential support判例撑持perform履行predeprivation hearing执行剥夺前的听证performance履行predictability可预见性performance bond履行包管金preept 优先于Preferential claim 优先索赔权Preferred stock 优先股票Prejudice 成见Preliminary exanimation 预审Preliminary hearing 预审听证会Preliminary injunction预先执行令Preliminary negotiation预谈判；初步协商Premises房屋；上述房屋Premium保险费；红利；溢价prenticed seizure 通知前扣押preponderance of proof 优势证明preponderant evidence 优势证据prescription 时效；规定presentation 陈述persistence investigation 量刑前查询拜访presidential Assassination Statute 暗算总统法presumption innocence 无罪推定pretrial motion 审前动议prevailing doctrine 优势法那么；流行学说prevail 优先〔适用〕prima facie 外表的；初步的prima facie evidence 有外表证据之案prima facie evidence 外表证据primary authority 主要法源principle of legality 法制原那么privacy 隐私权private corporation 私有公司private law 私法private property 私有财富private prosecution 私诉privilege 特权；特许权；特免权privileges and immunities clause 特权与豁免条款prose 本身；亲自probable cause 可能理由；合理原因probate court 遗嘱查验法院probation 缓刑probation officer 缓刑官probative value 证明价值probativeness 证明性procedural history 程序史procedural regime 诉讼制度procedural safeguard 程序保障procedure 程序proceedings 诉讼；程序product liability 产物责任profit 利润profit corporation 营利公司progeny 儿女prohibition 禁止promise 许诺promulgation 发布proof 证明proof beyond a reasonable doubt 超出合理疑心的证明property 财富property law 财富法property right 财富权利property tax 财富税property tort 财富侵权行为proponent 撑持者；提议者proprietor 个体业主proprietorship 个体企业proscription 禁止；剥夺公权prosecuting attorney 公诉律师；查察官prosecution 起诉prosecutor 查察官；起诉人prosecutor’s case-in-chief 检方主诉prospective juror 将任陪审员prostitute 妓女protective tariff 庇护性关税prove 证明Provision 规定，条款Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例Psychiatrist 精神病学家Public charge 受当局布施者、Public corporation 公有公司Public defender 公共辩护律师Public good 公益Public law 公法Public offense 公罪〔侵犯公共利益的犯罪〕Public property 公共财富Public prosecution 公诉Public prosecutor 公诉人，查察官Public utilities 公共事业Public held corporation 公众持股公司Punishable 可处分的Punishment 刑罚Punitive sanction 惩罚性处分Purpose 目的，宗旨Pursuant to law 依法QQualified property 有限制财富Quantum meruit 〔无合同规按时〕按合理价格支付，合理给付Quasi tort 准侵权行为Quote 引用，引证RRacial discrimination 种族歧视Racial segregation 种族隔离Rain insurance 雨水保险Rarnpant 跋扈獗的Rape 强奸Ratify 承认Rational relationship test 合理关系查验尺度Real estate 不动产Real Estate Settlement Procedure Act 不动产纠纷解决程序条例Real evidence 实在证据Real property 不动产Reasonable basis 合理按照Reasoning 论证，推论Rebuttable presumption 可驳回推定Rebuttal evidence 辩驳证据Recess 休庭Reciprocal exemption statutes 互免税法律Reckless conduct 疏忽大意行为Reckless homicide 疏忽大意杀人Recourse 追索权，求偿权Recovery 追索，抵偿Redemption 赎回Redress 矫正，抵偿Registration sticker 注册贴签Regulation 法规，规章Rehearing 复审Reinstatement 〔权利〕恢复Reinstatement fee 恢复费Release 释放Relevancy 相关性Relevant evidence 相关证据Relief 布施Remand 发还重审Remedy 补救Repeal 废止，裁撤Repealer 废止议案Repeat offender 累犯Representation 代办署理Res ipsa loquitur 不言自明的Reservation of power 权利保留Reserve 储藏金〔保险〕预备金Reserve portfolio of risk 预备金组合风险Resolution 决议，解决Rest 遏制陈述Restatements of law 法律注释汇编Restitution 恢复原状Restitutionary relief 恢复原状的布施Restraint 约束；限制retain 蝉联retire 退休；退庭retroactive 有溯及力的retroactive effect 溯及力revenue 税收revised uniform limited partnership act 统一有限合伙修订条例revocable trust 可撤销的信托revocation 撤回right 权利right to privacy 隐私权rigid procedure 刚性程序risk 风险risk transfer 风险转移robbery 抢劫〔罪〕roman law 罗马法roman law legal system(or family)罗马法系roster 花名册；专门人员名单rule of evidence 证据规那么rule of law 法治；法律规那么rulemaking 规章制定；规那么制定ruling 裁定ruling on evidence 关于证据的裁定SSafety responsibility law 安然责任法Sales tax 发卖税Sanction 制裁；处分；罚那么sanitary code 卫生条例search 搜查search warrant 搜查令second instance 二审secondary authon`ty 次要法源secondary benefit 次位补助金secondary financing 间接融资secondary party 间接当事人；次位当事人secret service 〔联邦〕保密署secretary of state 州务部长secured debt 担保债务securities 证券Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会securities exchange act 证券交易条例securities law 证券法security 担保；保安；证券seductive 诱人出错的seize 扣押seizure 扣押seizure warrant 扣押令〔状〕self-defense 自卫；正当防卫self-identification 自我认定self-incrimination 自我归罪seminar 研讨班；研讨会；研讨课程separate 分立；分局separate legal entity 独立法律实体separate property 分有财富separation of powers 三权分立settlement agreement 清偿协议settler 财富授予者share 股份；股票share holder 股东shell corporation 空壳公司shoplifting 商店偷拿行为short title 简称shyster 讼棍sickness insurance 疾病保险simulation 模拟〔操练〕slander 诽谤social security act 社会保险条例social security benefit 社会保险补助金social security tax 社会保险税solicitor 诉状律师source 渊源sovereign power 主权special court 出格法院；专门法院special property 出格财富specific performance 出格履行specimen 样本stamp tax 印花税standard of proof 证明尺度standing 依据stare decisis 遵畴前例state attorney 洲查察官state property 国家财富statd capital 设定资产statute 制定法；法律statute-like norm 准法律尺度statute of frauds 诈欺条例；反诈欺法statutory authority 制定法法源statutory crime 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory law 制定法statutory measure 法定办法statutory offense 制定法规定之犯罪；法定犯罪statutory provision 法律规定stay 延缓〔审判或执行〕stock 股票stock exchange 股票交易stock retirement plan 退股方案stock transfer tax 股票过户税strategy 战略；策略strict liability tort 严格责任侵权strike insurance 罢工保险sub judice 在审判中；尚未判决subject 主体；标的subject matter 主题事项；标的subject property 标的财富subject to financing clause 融资条件条款subpoena 传唤〔令〕subsidiary corproration 子公司；从属公司subsistence allowance 生活津贴substantial evidence 本色〔体〕证据substantail law 实体法substantive due process 实体性正当程序substantive law 实体法sue 起诉；诉sufficient evidence 充沛证据suit 诉讼summary judgment 即决判决supervisor 监察；监委support 供养；抚养supreme court 最高法院supreme law 最高法律〔宪法〕suspect 嫌疑人suspicion 嫌疑；疑心sustain 维持；承认Ttangible 有形的tangible evidence 实物证据tangible property 有形财富tarriff 关税task force 专项研究组；专案组tax 税；税收tax assessment procedure 税额评定程序tax court 税收法院tax evasion 逃税tax law 税法taxation 税收；税务taxation law 税收法；税务法tenant 承租人term 条款；期限testamentary trust 遗嘱委托testator 立遗嘱人testify 作证testimonial evidence 言词证据testimony 证言the Dispute Settlement Body(DSB) 争端解决机构the European Intellectual Property Review 欧洲常识产权评论the Fleet Street Reports 舰队街判例汇编title 产权书title insurance 产权保险title insurer 产权保险人title plant 产权书库tort 侵权〔行为〕tort claim 侵权索赔〔请求〕tort feasor 侵权行为人tort law 侵权法tortions 侵权行为的trade mark 商标traffic accidents 交通变乱traffic ticket 交通违章〔罚款〕通知单tranquility 安宁transaction 交易transfer 转让，过户travel accident insurance 旅行不测保险treason 叛国罪treaty 条约trespass 侵犯，侵害trial 审判trail by judge 法官审判trail by jury 陪审团审判trail court 审判法院，初审法院。

法律英语词汇大全法律翻译常用词汇注释AAbinitio从开始形容事件由开始时的状态，例如合约从开始便已经无效，称为“The contract was void ab initio”。

Accordaccord在普通英语中的含义是符合，一致，在法律英语中则表示和解或和解协议，指指债务人和一个债权人达成的、以偿还部分债务免除全部债务责任的协议。

如reach an accord达成和解协议，accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿等。

Accused被告Accused通常指刑事案件的被告，民事诉讼的被告称为Defendant；而申索案件中的被索偿的一方称为Respondent（答辩人）。

Acquireacquire在普通英语中的含义是获得，获取，而且通常指通过后天的努力获得。

在法律英语中通常指对公司的购买，收购，我们通常所说的M&A，即是acquire的名词acquisition和merger的缩写。

如The foreign investor has acquired more than 10 PRC domestic enterprises engaging in related industries within a year. 外国投资者一年内并购中国境内关联行业的企业超过10个。

Acquittal罪名不成立刑事案件经审讯后，被告罪名不成立被释放，称为“The accused is acquitted”。

Acquittal是名词。

Actact在普通英语中的含义是行动，行为，在法律英语中通常理解为作为，与不作为forbear相对应。

如：Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, the Minister may, on the recommendation of the Commission, direct the Commission to act or forbear from。

about大概absolutely unique单独abuse of discretion滥用财量权acknowledge and confess供认有罪Action 诉讼action（诉讼）action诉讼，起诉权;Actus Reus犯罪行为affidavit宣誓书;aforesaid如上所述的;after or change改变agency代理（权），机构;agree and declare同意agreement合约;agrees and consents同意aid and abet同谋aid and comfort安慰alias summons（第一次发出的传票无效后）再次发出的传票; alias别名;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在场证据;alibi不在犯罪现场的证据alien（转让，让渡（所有权））alien让渡，转让财产;all and singular一律alleged有嫌疑的,指控的，宣称的，主张的alter and change变更alter ego至交，知己；第二个我amount due or owing到期应付的金额and/o及；或rany matter, fact or things事件any matter, fact or thing事件apparently显然Appeal 上诉appeal上诉;appeal上诉;approach the bench 过来approximately近似argumentative来自推论的；可争议的arrest warrant 逮捕证arrested in flagrante delicto当场被捕，arrest逮捕;arson纵火罪;as soon as possible尽快ascend up上升assault殴打，侵犯他人身体罪;at issue在审议中的，讨论的；待解决的，待裁决的attorney general检察长/首席检察官/司法部长; attorneys律师，检察官;authorise and empower授权available可获得的average平均数；中等水平；海损avoid （撤销）Award 裁决,判决bail exonerated 保证人责任的免除bail保释（金）;battery殴打;be cumulative and in addition另外be declared or adjudged判决bill, note票据bill议案，起诉书;Blackacr黑亩（与whiteacre 白亩相对）blend together混合bona fide真正的;breaking and entering破门窗闯入burden of proof）举证责任（bureau of public security公安局();by this act and deed有约束力契约by virtue of or in connection with由于came on for hearing聆讯came on for hearing听讼cancel, annul and set aside取消，废止care注意；监护case案件，诉讼；判例Causation 因果关系cause of action诉因；诉权cease and desist终止cease and desist终止chose in action诉讼上的财产（权）;claim债权，民事诉讼请求;clean and neat condition清洁情况clear and convincing清楚且令人确信coming into your possession or control占有common counts（请求偿还欠款的）多种诉讼形式，起诉书; comparable参照物；对比compromise, arrangement or settlement协议Concurrence两者并存condense down 压缩condition条款，要件;confessed and acknowledged承认congress/senate）议会consideration（对价）constables巡警，警官;constitution or partners合伙continue on继续contract合同;convenient合宜的convey, transfer and set over 移交cooperate together合作counsel律师，法律顾问;count（控告的一条）罪状;counterpart（副件）court法庭;covenant（契约）covenants and agrees立约covenant合同，盟约;credit or facilities信贷crime犯罪;criminal detention刑事拘留damages损害赔偿金damage赔偿金;debt债务;declaration原告的申诉，供诉;decree法令；裁决deed or covenant, guarantee, indemnity, assurance, pledge保证物Deed 契约deem and consider视为defect, or insufficiency or want缺陷或不足或短缺defendant被告;defendant被告;delinquency—失职行为;demand要求，召唤;demise（出租）demur（抗辩）demurrer抗辩书;demurrer抗诉; estoppel禁止翻供;descent依法转交;desire希望；请求；要求；授权detain/ take into custody实施拘留Deterrence 威慑目的devise遗赠;do and perform 履行Dock 被告席DOJ=Department of Justice律政司(doubtless无争议的dry trust被动/消极信托;due care应有的注意each and all每人都each and every每个each and every所有easement地役权;esquire用于写信时称呼律师、治安法官等;estoppel in pais（衡平法上的）不容推翻的事实;evidence证词，证据;ex parte单方的;ex post facto事后的，追溯的;excessive过分的；过度的executed（已签字的，已生效的）execution（经签名盖章等）法律文件的生效;executive detention行政拘留（existing现行的expenses花费；费用；代价extreme cruelty极度虐待fair and equitable公正的fair division合理分割false and untrue虚假的fectitious defendant虚拟被告;fee simple and fee tail无条件继承的不动产和指定继承人继承的保有土地; fee simple继承者有全权的地产;fee tail有限制的继承地产;felony—重刑罪felony—重刑罪/重罪;felony重罪;few极少的final and conclusive最后的，决定性的fit and proper合适的fixtures or fittings固定设备fixture不动产的附着物force and effect生效forgive and pardon赦免forthwith立即;forward planning打算four corners of the instrument文件的完整内容fraud and deceit欺诈free and clear没有债务牵累的，(不动产)无任何负担的free and complete完全full and complete完全full and complete完全的，完整的full, true and correct完全正确的give, devise and bequeath 遗产give, devise and bequeath赠与goals(jails)监狱;good and effectual有效good and sufficient充足good and valid有效goods and chattels动产goods and chattels全部动产grant准予，授与;gross (如gross profit)，reasonable (如reasonable care/ man/ speed/ time等等)，serious (如serious illness/ misconduct, crime, circumstances等等) ，undue (如undue influence/ interference/ restraint 等等)，due (如due care/ process)guarantee保证书，保单;guarantee担保品，保单;guarantor（统）保证人;guardian ad litem（为某一特殊诉讼）指定的监护人;guardian监护人;habeas corpus人身保护令;habeas corpus人身保护令;habitual惯常的had and received收到had and received收到hand（签字）Hand签字have and hold持有heir继承人，后嗣;here words:hereafter从此以后，随后;hereby有鉴于此;hereinafter下文;hereinbefore上述;herein在此，据此看来;hereof对此;heretofore此前;hereto至此为止;hereunder（书、文件等中）在下面;herewith据此;hold and keep拥有，依法占有hue and cry追捕时的叫喊illegal, invalid or unenforceable无效illegality, invalidity or unenforceability无效Immunity 豁免权important essentialsimproper不良；不正当in connection with与有联系in flagrante delicto在犯罪现场;in full force and effect有完全效力的in locum parentis替代父母;in regard to关于in rem对物诉讼;in the funds and currency资金in your sole and absolute discretion您有绝对处置权inadequate不充分；不恰当Incapacitation 剥夺犯罪能力的目的incurred or arising out or in connection therewith incurred, created, assumed招致indictment控告，起诉;indulgence or concession让步infant幼儿，未成年人;inferior court初级法院；低级法院instrument（法律文据）intensive supervision probation 加强监督型缓刑intention目的；蓄意inter alia在其他事之间;inter partes在当事人之间;intoxicated喝醉的；陶醉的invalid or unenforceable无效或不可执行的irregular or improper不适当issue of fact事实上的争点issue of law法律上的争点judges审判员;judgment, award and/ or order判决judgment审判，裁决;judicial detention) 民事司法拘留(judicial notice法院公告;judicial proceeding司法[程序] [审判程序]；jurors陪审员;justices高等法院的法官;justice正义;keep and maintain保有laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;laches（对行使权利的）疏忽、懈怠;landlord/lessor出租方;larceny偷盗;large大的last will and testament遗嘱lately不久前law enforcement department) 执法部门(Leave 休庭legislator/lawmaker立法机构（）:let (如在"without let or hindrance"这个短语中)妨碍; let or hindrance阻碍letters patent专利特权许可证;letters（证书）Letters授权令lien留置权，扣押权;loans or advances made or to be made借款与预付made and entered into订立合同make payment, performance履行malice恶意；蓄意marriage婚姻，商业合并;master and servant雇主和雇员;master（雇主）means and includes手段Mens Rea主观过错/犯罪意图mere仅仅metes and bounds地界（土地转让中的用语）; mind and memory心意与记忆Minor 未成年人misdemeanor轻罪;misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misdemeanour—非重刑罪/轻罪; misfeasance—失当行为;moneys, obligations and liabilities债务、责任与义务money货币;month-to-month tenancy按月付租金;more or less或多或少mortgage, charge按揭，押记motion（动议，法院令）mutually agree相互同意near近似negotiable instrument可转让的票据/可流通票据;net profit净利new and novel新的nominate, constitute and appoint任命nota bene留心，注意;note笔录;null and void无效nulla poena sine lege法无明文者不罚（罪刑法定主义原则）; obligation义务;obvious明显的order and direct命令oyez（法庭用语）肃静，静听;paid, discharged and satisfied支付、解除或清偿pardon and executive clemency 赦免和减刑pardon赦免;parliament/国会()/parties当事人;partner合伙人，股东;party（当事人）past history历史payment付款;perform and discharge履行义务physical evidence；物证pierce the corporate veil揭穿公司面纱plaintiff原告;plaintiff原告;plead guilty)；承认遭检控的罪名(plead（递诉状）pleadings（原告的）诉状，（被告的）答辩状;pledge抵押（权）;police n.警察（当局），v.管理，整顿;police station) 派出所(possession所有权，所有物;possible可能的prayer（诉讼请求）presents（本文件）presumption of innocence); 无罪推定(prima facie evidence 表面证据prima facie表面的;principal and surety主债务人和保证人;prior to先前的prisons监狱，拘留所;probation缓刑procuratorate organ）/检察院（）procuratorial personnel）/检察人员（promptly即期的property财产（指一切合法的不动产和动产）;proper准确的；体面的Prosecutions Division)/刑事检控科(prosecution检控（provided that 只要，但；provisions or enactment成文法proviso但书;public prosecutor(检控官)；purchase（置得（不动产））purchase购置;purported声称，宣称pursuant to stipulation遵照条款pursuant to根据，与……相符;quash撤销（一项传唤令或控告状），宣布（判决等）无效; quorum法定人数;record记录，档案；法院的卷宗，诉讼记录regular依法的；有规律的Rehabilitation 改造目的release, discharge or settlement免除、解除或和解remain in full force, validity and effect有充分效力remain silent in court) 保持缄默(remise, release and quitclaim放弃权利repair and make good补偿reprieve缓刑;request and require要求res ipsa loquitur事情不言自明;rest, residue and remainder 遗产rest, residue and remainder遗产Retribution 报应目的reversed and remanded撤销原判并发回重审right, interest and title权益right, power or remedy权利、权力和补偿robbery抢劫;roll案卷，档案;said (作形容词使用时)上述的;said（上文所说的）sat down for hearing聆讯satisfaction义务的履行；债务的清偿satisfy清偿债务；履行义务save and except除save and except除……以外save（除了）save除了;search warrant 搜查证sentence宣判，判决（专指刑事判决）; seriously and gravely严重servant受雇人;serve（送达）settle and compromise处理signed, sealed and delivered签署生效similar类似slander言词诽谤;sole and exclusive唯一的sound mind心智健全specialty（盖印合同）specialty盖印合同或契据;strangers to the blood无血缘关系的人style样式;subject to依据，以……为条件，受……规限; subsequent继之后such如此;suffer or permit容许sufficient足够的；充足suitable恰当的suit诉讼，控告;superior court高级法院surrender归还（土地权），自首;taking or raising any point提出temporarily临时tenant/lessee承租方;tenement（不动产）terms and conditions条款terms or conditions条款the deceased / the decedent 已故者the People’s Congress各级人大（）thenceforth从那时开始，此后thence由此，从那种情况或缘由，从此；thenwords:there words:thereabout大约，左右;thereafter以后，据此;thereat因此;thereby因此，从而;therefore因此;therefor为此;therein在那里，在那时;thereon 在其上，随即;theretofore直到那时，在那时之前; thereto到那里，此外;thereunder遵照，在其下;thereunto到那里;thereupon因此;therewith与此，与之;things所有物to do or cause to be done履行toll the statute中止诉讼时效tort侵权;tort侵权;totally null and void无效totally unanimous一致同意的，全体一致的transaction交易treason叛国罪;treason—叛国罪;trespass非法侵入（他人土地或住宅）;tried and tested可靠的true and correct正确的try审判；解决争端under or pursuant to依照under the influence of 受的影响understand理解；认识unless and until直到unless and until直到unreasonable无理性的；过度的unsafe危险的unsound不卫生的；不健全的unusual不寻常的usual寻常的valid or effective有效的valid or enforceable有效或可执行的valuable有价值的；贵重的verdict（由陪审团一致通过而为法院所接受的）裁决; versus对;violation—犯规/违反行为;voir dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核. voire dire（挑选陪审团成员过程中的）预先审核; voluntary法律上未要求的而自愿作的Warrant 拘捕令well and sufficiently充分well settled合理解决where words:whereas (相当于"given the fact that"), 鉴于; whereas有鉴于此whereat对那个，由于;whereby因此;whereof关于那事（人）；will and testament 遗嘱withholding, deduction扣除without prejudice不影响实体权利的without prejudice不影响实体权利的witness / human evidence人证witnesseth 意为提供某事的正式证据witness作证，表明; worthless空头writ of fieri facias强制执行令;。

法律文本中shall的用法法律文本中shall的用法在英文的法律文本中，法律翻译者经常会碰到情态动词，能否准确翻译，也体现着翻译者的水平高低，尤其是shall在法律文本的翻译中更是频繁，下面就来看一下法律英语中shall的用法。

“shall”怎么译“shall”一般用于法律或半法律文件中，含有“本条款具有法律规定的指令性或强制性之意”。

尤其是在经贸法律文本中，“shall”的译法种类繁多，通常被译为“须”、“应”，有时被译成“应当”，也有时译成“要”、“将”、“可”，还有被译成“必须”，举例如下：1. …the election or recall of chief procurators of people’s procuratorates shall be reported to the chief procurators of the people’s procuratorates at the next higher level for submiss ion to the standing committees of the people’s congresses at the corresponding level for approval.选出或罢免人民检察长，须报上级人民检察院检察长提请该级人民代表大会常务委员会批准。

(宪法)2.One who instigates others to commit a crime shall be punished according to the role he plays in the joint crime. One who instigates a person under the age of eighteen to commit a crime shall be given a heavier punishment.教唆他人犯罪的，应当按照他在共同犯罪中起的作用处罚。

法律文书中subject,to,用法汇总篇一：subjectto的用法Subjectto在法律英语中一般都与agreement，contract，section等法律文件名和文件中特定条款名配合使用，一般翻译为“以??为条件”、“根据??规定”、“在符合??的情况下”、“除??另有规定外”以及“在不抵触??下”等。

这些译法其实有两个极端，及“在符合??情况下”和“在不违反??的情况下”。

“符合”的情况条件的范围相对小些，需要符合；“不违反”的情况条件范围相对大些，只要不违反就好。

当然我说大小是相对的。

而选择用哪个意思其实要看译者所处的立场，即他所代表的利益是希望这个范围小还是大。

如果出现不能判断的时候一般以小的为准，即“符合”。

Subjectto的基本意思就像上面说的，但是在不同环境下，因为词性的不同又需要做不同的翻译技巧的处理。

下面根据它不同的词性分别说明：adj.受限于/服从于/易受??（be+subjectto）adv.在??条件下，依照??Verb服从于??，隶属于??，使经受??一、作形容词用作表语的，是“受限于”、“服从于”、“易受”的意思，当然具体翻译要根据上下文做变通处理。

例如：detentionservicesandtheirdeliveryaresubjecttoanexternalscrutinyandaccountabilityframework.拘留措施及其执行，须接受外部考核权责机构之督导。

这里显然是表语，是“受限于”的意思，但考虑到汉语习惯不能直接这样写，意译成“必须接受??的监督指导（之类的东西）”二、作副词的，也是最常见的意思，就是上面说的“以??为条件”、“根据??规定”、“在符合??的情况下”、“除??另有规定外”“在不违反??的情况下”以及“在不抵触??下”。

例如：detaineeshaveasmuchfreedomofmovement,association,andindividualexpr essionaspossiblewithinanadministrativedetentionenvironment,subjectto: ?thesecurityandgoodorderofthedetentionfacilityandthesafetyofallthosewit hinit?theintegrityofthevisaassessmentprocesses.这里根据不同情况就可以译成：“（但）须遵守”或“（但）不得违反”。

Aabandon 放弃或终止，遗弃;离弃abandonient 背弃;撤销abate 减轻或废除abator 排除妨害者abdicate 放弃abduction 诱骗，绑架;挟持罪abet 煽动，怂恿，教唆;教唆罪ability 法律行为能力ab initio 从一开始;从头开始abjure 放弃abjuration 发誓断绝;公开放弃abolish 废止，取消abortion 堕胎，终止妊娠abridge 剥夺abrogate 取消或废除abscond 潜逃，逃跑abstenia 缺席absolve 免罪，免责，免除惩罚absolute title 绝对所有权abstain 自我约束以放弃abstract of conviction 判案简报abstract of record 案卷摘录absract of title 产权简史，产业契据摘要abuse 虐待;滥用abuse of discretion 滥用自由裁量权acceptance 承诺accession 就职，就任，就位、财产的增附;添附accessory 同谋;帮凶;从犯access right 探视权，探望权accomplice 共犯;同谋;从犯accord and satisfaction 和解与清偿accusatorial 控告者的;责问的ackno edgment 承认、公证acquaintance rape 熟识者强暴;熟人强奸acquiescence 默认;默许acquistion 收购，购并acquit 判决无罪;宣告无罪;开释acquittal 无罪裁定;无罪判决act 行为、法案;法令act of god 不可抗力action 诉讼actionable 可控告的;可诉的actus reus 犯罪行为additur 增加赔偿金;增额命令ademption 撤销遗赠adhesion contract 附意合同;附和合同;附加合同active case 带审理案件ad damnum 索赔金额ad idem 法律契合;一致adjourn 使终止;使延期;拖延;推迟adjournment 延期审讯;休会待续;辩论终止待续adjudicate 判决;宣判;裁定;审判adjudication 宣告、判决;裁定、破产之宣告ad litem 专门为某一诉讼指定administration 遗产管理administratrix 女遗产管理人admiralty 海事法诉讼adr 非诉讼程序administration agency regulations 行政规章;行政法规administrativ orders 行政命令administrative revocation 吊销驾驶证administrator 法院的行政主管、遗嘱执行人administrator de bonis non 新指派的财产管理人admissible evidence 可采纳的证据;可采信的证据admonish 警告;告诫adoption 收养adult 成年人adultery 通奸;通奸行为ad valorem 按价;从价advance directive 预先指示adversarial 对抗性的;敌对的adversary proceedings 对抗性诉讼制度adversary system 对抗制adverse possession 时效占有，无合法所有权之占有advocacy 诉讼;辩护advocate 辩护人;律师affiant 宣誓人;口供人affidavit 宣誓书affiliates 附属机构;分公司;关联公司affinity 姻亲关系affirmation 严肃、正式的肯定证词;不经宣誓而作出的正式证词affirmative defense 积极抗辩affirmed 维持原判affray 聚众斗殴;斗殴罪aftermarket 二级市场;售后市场;发行后的市场ag 首席检察官;司法部长age of consent 法律认可年龄;法律承认年龄age of majority 成年年龄;法定成年人年龄agent 代理商;代理人aggravated 加重的agreent 协议aid and abet 同谋;教唆alias summons 第二传票;取代因无法送达或因其他原因失效的传票之传票alibi 不在犯罪现场;犯罪发生时在其他地方alienable 可转让的alienate 让与alienation 财产的转让alimony 生活费;抚养费aliunde 来自其他方面;非由本文件引申而得allegation 控诉主张;当事人在诉讼状中的肯定性陈述allocution 认罪供词alternative pleading g 选择性抗辩amenable 遵守;服从amendment 法律的修正;修正案amicus curiae 法庭之友;法官的顾问ancillary 辅助的;附属的ancillary administration 附加遗产管理权ancillary proceedings 附带诉讼ancillary suit 附带起诉annotations 注释;评注annul 废除;撤销;宣告无效annulment 宣告无效;判决无效answer 答辩书antenuptial 婚前的appeal 上诉appeal by applicaon ò r leave 上诉许可申请appeal by right 法定上诉权appeal record 基层法院的庭审记录appearance –出庭;应诉、应诉书appellant 上诉人appellate court 上诉法院appellee 被上诉人application 请求;申请application for leave to appeal 上诉许可申请appreciation 增值appropriation 挪占;挪用;据为己有arbitral 仲裁的arbitrary 任意的;专断的arbitrate 仲裁;公断arbitration 仲裁arbitrator 仲裁员arraign 提审;传讯被告arraignment 传讯;提审array 陪审员名单arrears 欠款;到期未付之债arrest 拘捕;逮捕;缉捕arrestee 被逮捕人arraignment 提审;传讯刑事被告arrest warrant 逮捕证arson 纵火罪article 法律条款asportation 窃走;窃取;抢走assault 突袭;侵犯;威吓assault and battery 殴打罪;人身伤害assets 资产、财产assign 转让assignee 受让人;承让人assignment 案件分配制度，指定辩护人，法官的合理分派使用assize 巡回审判assumpsit 口头契约损害赔偿之诉assure 保证;保险asylum state 提供庇护的国家at issue 原告被告各执一词，待法庭裁决attach 附加、查封;扣押attachment 财产保全;查封;扣押attainder 剥夺民事权利attentat 暗杀;谋害attest, attestation 见证;鉴定书;证明书attorney 律师;代理人attorney in fact 授权代理人;法律事务代理人attorney of record 律师;代表人auction 拍卖authenticated 认证;证明;鉴证aval 保障aver 证明…属实;作为事实提出;证实averment 断言;主张;申辩;有实证的陈述award 裁决;判决automatic waiver 自动放弃管辖权Bbacklog 案件积压量bad debts 坏账;经认真核实，确认无法收回的贷款;不履行的债务bad title 失效产权;无效所有权bail 保证金;保释金;保释人;保释bail bond 保释保证书bailee 受托保管人bailiff 法警bailment 委托保管bailor 委托人bankrupt 破产人bankrupcy 破产bar 律师业、法庭围栏bar examination 美国律师资格考试barratry 无理取闹的诉讼;诉讼挑唆barrister 出庭律师;大律师battery 殴打罪bearer 持票人belligerent 交战国bench 法官;裁判官;法官席bencher 下议院议员bench trial 无陪审团员的审判bench warrant 法院拘票;法院拘票令beneficial 受益的beneficiary 信托受益人;受遗赠人、保险受益bequeath 遗赠bequest 遗赠物;遗产bestevidencerule 最佳证据原则betterment 不动产增值beyond reasonable doubt 排除合理怀疑原则bicameral 两院制的bigamy 重婚罪bill of attader 剥夺公权法案bill of indictment 刑事起诉书，公诉书，控告书bill of lading 提单bill of rights 权利法案bind 受约束;指定……作偿还债务只用bind over 具结候审;具结候迅birth certificate 出生证明blackmail 敲诈;勒索;恐吓blank indorsement 空白背书;无记名背书;不完全背书board of directors 董事会bona fide 善意;诚意bona vacantia 无主货物;无主物bond 债券;证券;契约;公司债务bonded 以债券做保证的;抵押的、保税仓库留置的bondsman 保证人breach 违反法律;违约行为breach of contract 违约;违反合同break 违反break-in 未经许可闯入breaking and entering 闯入他人住宅的行为bribery 行贿;受贿;贿赂行为;贿赂罪brief 案件辩论书;辩护状bring 提起broker 经纪人burden of proof 举证责任burglar 叶贼;破门盗窃者burglarize 夜盗;行窃burglary 恶意侵入他人住宅罪burgle 偷窃;行窃bylaw 内部章程;法规;细则Ccalendar 案审日程表calendar audit 案审日程表的审查cancellation 无效或废止canons of etmcs 道德守则;道德准则capias 拘票;逮捕证;传票capital crime 死刑caption 标题;提要;说明case 诉讼;案件;判例;诡辩;情况casebook 案例教科书caseflow 案件审理流程case law 判例法;案例法;法官制定法caseload 承办案件数casualty 受害者;伤亡者causation 原因;因果关系cause 起因;原因;案件;诉讼事由;案由;主张;诉求caveat 中止诉讼的申请caveate emptor 货物出门概不退换原则;买受人自负其责原则certificate 证明文书;证明文件certification 证明;证明书certifiedcopy 证明无误的副本;经核证的副本certify 书面证明certiorari 移审令;诉讼文件移送命令challenge 要求陪审员回避、质问challenge for cause 有因回避challenge to the array 对陪审团的组成表示反对或提出异议;要求全体陪审员回避或更换chamber 立法或司法机关办公场所、法官办公室champerty 帮诉行为;帮诉罪chancery 衡平法院、大法官法庭change of venue 变更审判地点charge 指控、对陪审团适用法律的指导charges 多项指控charging document 诉讼卷宗;起诉文书charge to the jury（法官给予陪审团的)指示charter 许可证;特许设立状;纲领;宪章chattels 动产chief judge 审判长;法庭庭长chief justice 首席大法官child abuse 虐待儿童child born out of wedlock 私生子、非婚生子女child care fund 儿童保育专款;儿童保育基金child care rules 保育条例child custody 儿童监护child neglect 疏忽儿童;忽略看顾儿童child protective proceedings 保护儿童程序child support 子女抚养费child support formula 儿童抚养费计算公式;儿童抚养费计算原则children's protective services 儿童保护中心circuit 巡回审判circuit court 巡回法院circumstantial 有充分细节却无法证实的circumstantial evidence 旁证;间接证据citation 传讯: 传票;交通罚单;引证;引用;引文citators 引证索引cite 引证;援引、传唤;传讯citizen's arrest 公民的逮捕civil 民事的civil actions or lawsuits 民事诉讼;非刑事案件civil contempt 藐视法庭罪civil court 民事法庭;民事审判庭civil disobedience 不合作;温和抵抗;公民抗命civil infraction 民事违规行为civil infraction determination 民事违规认定civil infraction formal hearing 临民事违规行为正式听证civil infraction sanction 民事违规制裁、处罚civil law 民法civil lffierty 公民自由权civil wrong 民事过错行为claim 诉讼请求权、得到偿款claim and delivery 追回被非法扣押的财物的诉讼;取得不当扣押赔偿的诉讼claim of appeal 上诉请求书claimant 提出权利主张人;提出要求人;索赔人;起诉人class action 集体诉讼clause 条款;条文clear and convincing evidence 明确而令人信服的证据clemency or executive clemency 行政赦免clerk 书记员clerkship 书记员职位client 律师的当事人closing argument 结束辩论;收场辩论code 法典code fendant 共同被告codicil 遗嘱附录;补遗codify 将·….. 编成法典cognizable 审判权限内;可以审理的cognizance 审理;管辖权;裁决权collateral 抵押物;担保物collateral estoppel 间接禁止反言collateral matters 枝节问题;旁系问题collusion 通谋;串通;共谋color 立场commit 犯罪、押解到…;遣送到…commitment 下狱;收监、关进精神病院common law 共同法;普遍法;普通法common pleas court 民诉法院community property 夫妻共有财产community service 社区劳动commute 减轻刑罚;改判comparative negligence 比较过失compensable 可补偿的compensatory demages 赔偿金competence 权限;管辖权;资格competency 作证资格competency to stand trial 受审能力competency witness 法律上适格的证人competent 有法定资格的complainant 申诉人;原告complaint 起诉书;控告书composition 和解协议compound 私下和解;私了compurgation 宣告被告无罪;宣誓免责compurgator 辩护者;为他人作证者concert 一致;协调;协同安排conciliation 调解;当庭和解concurrent jurisdiction 共同管辖权concurrent sentences 合并服刑concurring opinion 附和意见;同意意见condemn 判定有罪;宣告有罪condemnation 判决没收condomnium 各户有独立产权的公寓、国际共管confession 供词: 供认;自首conjugal rights 同居权conjugal visit 配偶探视consanguinity 血亲关系;血缘关系conscience clause 道德条款consecutive sentence 连续刑罚;分期执行的刑罚consent calendar 元争议案件审理日程表consequential 间接因果关系conservator 保护者;监督人conservatorship 托管或管理委员的职位consideration 对价;重要性;结果;后果consolida te 合并审理consortium 配偶权利conspiracy 阴谋;同谋;串通;共谋constable 警官;巡警constabulary 地方警察部队;保安队constituent 选民constitute 设立;制定constitutionalize 使宪法化constructionist 宪法解释者;法令解释者constructive 推定的consul 领事执政官consulate 领事馆;领事任期;藐视法庭者contemplation 深思熟虑;沉思contempt of court 藐视法庭contest 对遗嘱有效性的异议contestant 对遗嘱有效性提异议的人continuance 诉讼延期;延期审理contract 合同;有法律约束力的承诺或协议contra proferentem 逆向利益合同解释原则;反意居先合同解释原则contributory 贡献的;捐献的contributory negligence 混合过错;过失竞合contumacious 抗拒的contumacy 拒不服从法庭命令conversion 变换;侵占convert 转换;非法挪用convey 转让财产conveyance 财产转让、财产转让书conveyancing 财产转让及其证书办理业务convict 宣判….. 有罪;囚犯;被定罪人conviction 判决有罪;刑事定罪corespondent 答辩人;被告;共同被告corporate 法人;公司corporation 公司corporeal 有形的;物质的corpus delicti 犯罪事实corroborating evidence 佐证;确证的证据corrupt practice 政治行贿cosa nostra 黑手党costs 诉讼费用counsel 律师;辩护人;法律顾问count 一项指控;一项罪名counterclaim 反诉countermand 收回;撤回;取消counterpart 契约文本等的副本county agent 主管少年犯罪的警官county court 地方法院court 法院;裁判所;审判庭court of appeals 上诉法院court of claims 联邦行政法院;索赔法院court congestion 法院案件壅塞courthouse 法院大楼;县行政办公楼courtmartial 军事法庭court of record 记录法院court order 法院命令: 法院指令court recorder 法庭记录员court reporter 书记员court reporting and recording board ofreview 法院记录审查委员会court rules 法庭规则court system 法院系统;法院体系covenant 订立合同covenant 合同受约方;订约人covert 有丈夫保护的coverture 有夫之妇的法律身份crier 传布公告者;法庭发言人cps 儿童保护中心crime 刑事犯罪criminal 刑事罪犯;犯罪分子criminal case 刑事案件criminal contempt 严重的藐视法庭行为criminal conversation 通奸行为;私通criminalistics 刑事学criminal law 刑法criminal libel 刑事诽谤罪criminal record 犯罪记录criminology 刑事学;犯罪学cross appeal 交叉上诉，交互上诉cross -claim 交叉诉讼cross-examine 交叉讯问证人cross examination 交叉讯问cruelty 虐待cui bono 谁人获益;为何目的curtesy 鳏夫产业curtilage 庭院;宅地custodial parent 监护家长custody 监护;监禁;羁押custody statement 监护陈述;监护声明CY-PRES 力求近似的;力求达意原则DDA 地方检察官damages 损害赔偿金DDP 智能障碍者date rape 约会强奸dead hand 难以消除的不利影响death certifica 死亡证明书death penalty 死刑death tax 房地产遗产税;遗产税;继承税deam warrant 死刑执行令de bonis non 未指定管理人的财产;尚未管理的财产de bonis nonadministratis 遗产管理人的后继人declaratory judgment 宣告式判决;确认权利的判决de novo 重新开始;再一次decease 死亡deceased 死者decedent 死者;被继承人decedent's estate 被继承人财产;遗产decision 法律判决declarant 申诉者declaration 申诉;证言Decree 判决;裁定decriminalize 使合法化deed 地契;土地证deed of trust 信托契约de facto 事实上;实际存在的;执行上de facto segregation 事实上的种族隔离defalcate 侵吞公款;盗用公款defamation 诽谤defame 破坏名誉;抵毁;诽谤default plead 不履行义务;拖欠;对…处以缺席判决default judgment 缺席判决defeasance. 使无效;废止defeasible 可废除的;可取消的defeat 使无效;废除defend 辩护;抗辩defendant 被告: 被告人defense 辩护方;被告方defense attorney 辩护人;辩护律师deferred sentence 暂缓宣判degree 等级dejure 按照法律的delay 延迟;延缓delayed appeal 延迟上诉deliberate 在刑事案件中，用以确定被告人的罪与非罪;在民事案件中，用来认定相关事实delict 违法行为delinquency proceedings 未成年人犯罪特别诉讼程序deliver 交付;送货;递交;宣判delivery 交付demand 要求demise 转让;遗赠demonstrative evidence 示意证据;确证demur 抗辩demurrage 停留过久的滞留费demurrer 妨诉抗辩;抗诉denial 否认;否定department of social servicesagency. 家庭事务援助中心deponent 证人;提供口供者deport 驱逐出境depose 免职;宣誓作证;讯问证人deposition 庭外采证derelict 被抛弃的;被遗弃的dereliction 抛弃;废弃derestrict 取消对…的限制derrnatoglyphics 皮纹、肤纹等研究descendible 可遗传的descent 直系血亲;旁系血亲descent and distribution statutes 无遗嘱继承法designated proceedings 指定程序detention 扣留;扣押;羁押detain 羁押;拘留detainer 扣押;扣留者detention 拘留;扣留;收押detention center 拘留所;青少年感化中心determinable 可中止的;可终结的determination 法律责任的认定;消失;终止detinue 收回被非法占有的动产的诉讼developmentally disabled person 智障、残疾青少年;智障、残疾婴幼儿devise 遗赠的财产;遗赠devisee 接受遗赠者devolution 权利转移;授权代理devolve 权力的移交，转移dictum 法官在意见书中做出的不受先例约束的附带意见dies non 休庭日;停审日digest 法规汇编;法律汇编dilatory defenses 延期答辩dilatory fiduciary 拖沓、延迟的受托人dilatory motion 延期申请dilatory plea 延期抗辩diminished capacity 行为能力减退;能力减弱标准direct examination 直接询问directed verdict 指示裁决directen verdict of acquittal 无罪裁定disability 无资格;无能力disaffirm 否认;宣告元效disappeared persons 被宣告失踪人disbar 取消律师资格discharge 释放;清偿债务;撤销法院命令disclaim 放弃某人的权利;宣布弃权disclaimer 否认声明disclosure 披露discontinuance 撤销;中止discovery 证据开示;证据发现disenfranchise 剥夺公民选举权dismiss 驳回;不予受理dismissal 驳回诉讼;撤销诉讼disorderly 妨害治安的disorderly conduct 扰乱治安的行为disorderl y house 妓院dispose 最终处理;最后决定disposed case 已决案件dispostion 处置;支配;处理dispositive 决定性的disqualification 丧失资格;取消资格disqualify 使无资格;剥夺…的法定权力;使失去资格dissenting opinion 异议;反对意见distrain 为抵债而扣押distraint 扣押财产distress 极度焦虑;使悲伤;苦恼;扣押财产distributee 被分配到之人;分配遗产受益人distribution 分配;分发district court 地方法院;地区法院disturbance 侵犯;妨害divorce 离婚dock 被告席docket 备审案件目录表;待判决的案件目录doctrine 原则domestic abuse 家庭暴力;家庭虐待domestic relations action 家庭关系诉讼domestic violence 家庭暴力domicile 法定住所donee 受赠人double jeopardy 一事不再理原则dower 亡夫遗产drunk driving 醉酒驾车duces tecum 出庭传票;文件传票due diligence 应有的注意;应有的勤勉;恪尽职守due process 正当法律程序DUI 醉酒驾驶duplicitous 双重辩解、陈述;狡辩duress 强迫;胁迫;威胁dwelling house 住宅EEarnest money 定金easement 地役权;在他人土地上的通行权eject 依法剥夺;依法逐出ejectment 驱逐，赶出elementsofacrime 犯罪要素emancipate 解放;解脱emancipation 解脱;解放embezzlement 盗用;挪用eminent domain 支配权;征用权empanel 选任enablingact 授权法enactement 制定;通过enbanc 全体法官出庭审案endorsed 背书encumbrance 承担债务enforce 实施;执行engross 正式写成enjoin 限制;禁止;阻止enter 进入程序entrapment 诱人犯罪;诱捕entry 取得财产权的行为entry of judgment ororder 裁决或法庭命令归档equal 平等equal protection of the law 平等保护;同等保护equitable action 预防性诉讼equitable remedy 衡平法上的留置权;衡平法上的救济equity 财产超过其负债的剩余价额;衡平法equity of redemption 抵押人依法赎回抵押品的权利;抵押人对抵押品所保留的权益error 错误escape clause 例外条款escheat 归还国家;充公escrow 有待完成条件的契据;暂交第三者保管的款项esquire 先生;绅士estate 不动产;财产;遗产estate in bankruptcy 破产财产estate tax 遗产税;地产税estop 禁止反言: 禁止翻供estoppel 禁止翻供;不得反悔etal. 以及其他人;等人etseq. 以下及下列等等etux 及妻子European commission for human rights欧洲人权委员会European court of justice 欧洲法院euthanasia 安乐死evade 逃避;规避evendate 同一日期evict 驱逐，赶出evidence 证据;证词evidentiary motion hearing 证据听证examination 讯问;调查examine 粗审问;询问;审查exceptions 反对;抗辩;除外条件exclude 排除;不包括在内exclusion 拒绝;排除exclusionary rule 证据排除原则exculpate 开脱;使无罪exhibits 物证exigent circumstances 紧急情况exonerate 使免罪，免除exparte 单方;单方面;片面的exparte communication 一方当事人与法院单方面联系或协商exparte injunction 单方禁令exparte motion 当事人单方面向法院提出的申请exparte order 根据单方或一方当事人的要求，法院做出的决议expert witness 专家证人expost facto 有追溯力的法律excontractu 由契约引起的exdelicto 根据侵权行为提起的诉讼，根据损害赔偿提起的诉讼execute 实施;执行;使生效execution 判决后补救;判决后赔偿;执行;实行executioner 行刑者;死刑执行者execution of an instrument 签字使文件生效executive session 立法机关的) 秘密会议executor,executrix 遗嘱执行人exemplary 警戒性的;惩戒性的exempt property 存活配偶继承的个人财产;免税财产;豁免财产exonerate 使免罪;证明无罪;昭雪express warranty 明示质量保证expropriate 没收;剥夺expunge 合法销毁;合法删除extinguish 使无效;取消;废除extraditable 可引渡的;该引渡的extradite 引渡extradition 引渡extrajudical 违反通常法律程序的;非经法律许可的extralegal 不受法律支配的;未经法律制定的extraterritoriai 治外法权的;境外有效的extrinsic 外来的;外部的eyewitness目击者FFAC CASE 漠视交通处罚案fact 事实fair comment 公平评论，正当的批评fair preponderance 合理的证据优势fair use 正当使用fait accomment 既成事实false arrest 非法拘留false pretenses 欺诈;诈骗family allowance 家庭津贴family division of the circuit court 巡回法庭家事庭family independence agency 家庭事务援助中心fault 过失;过错FCJ Case 摸视交通处置案FCPV case 漠视违规停车处罚案fees 服务费: 酬金;可继承的地产fee simple 永久产权fee tail 指定继承人的不动产felon 重罪犯felonious 重罪的;穷凶极恶的felony 重罪feme covert 已婚女子feme sole 单身女子fiduciary 基于信用的，受托的;受托人，被信托者;继承受托人;临时受托人fiduciary duty 信托责任，诚信义务fieri facias 扣押债务人财产令: 强制执行令fifth 美国宪法第五修正案禁止自证其罪原则fighting words 侮辱、挑衅、挑逗语言file 提起;提起;把……登记备案filed in open court 公开法庭审理filing 法律文件的归档;法律行为的开始filing fees 诉讼费final order 终审裁定find 判决;裁决finding 结论;裁决fine 罚款;罚金fine print 文字;附属细则first appearance 首次出庭first-degre 一级firstoffender 初犯fixtures 固定物;附着物force majeure 不可抗力forcible entry and detainer 强行占有他人土地者，强行占有foreclose 取消赎回权;取消赎回抵押品的权利foreclosure 丧失抵押品收回权;. 回赎权的取消foreignjudgment 异州互惠执行判决foreign support order 异州互惠有效的法庭命令foreman 陪审团主席forensic 法庭的;法医的forensic center 法医鉴定中心forensic medicine 法医学foreperson 陪审团主席forfeit 丧失;没收forge 伪造;仿造forgery 伪造;伪造的文件、签名等formal calendar 庭审安排表forum 法庭forum non conveniens 法院不便审理权;法院不便原则foster home 抚养受虐或问题儿童的家庭foundation 采信基础franchise 特许经营权;给予特许权;选举权;参政权fraud 欺诈，欺骗行为fraudulent 欺骗的;不诚实的freehold 自由保有不动产friend of the court 未成年人法律援助办公室;未成年人法庭之友fruit of the crime 违法所得;犯罪所获fruit of the poisonous tre 毒树之果理论fugitive 逃跑者;逃避者fugitive warrant 收留证，庇护证full faith and credit 法庭信用保证责任fungible 可互换的;可代替的Ggarnishee 第三债务人;接到扣押债权通知的人;出庭令garnishment 出庭传票;扣押债权的通知general assign 全部转让给他的债权人general damages 违约赔偿金general demurrer 全面抗辩general jurisdiction 普通管辖权good faith 诚实信用;诚信原则goods and chttels 私有财物;全部动产good time 减刑grace 宽限期grand 重大的;严重的grandfather clause 保留条款;不追索条款grand jury 大陪审团grand larceny 重大盗窃案grandpa renting time 祖父母探视时间grant 转让;正式、合法的给予grantee 被授予者;受让人grantor 授予者;让与人gratuitous guest 免费乘客gravamen 起诉或控诉要旨grievous bodily 严重的人身伤害group home 儿童救助之家guarantee 保证书;保用期;保修期guarantor 保证人guaranty 担保;保证guardian 监护人;保护人;维护者guardian ad litem 法定监护人guilty 有罪的Hhabeas corpus 人身保护权habeas corpus ad respondenum 解叫被拘押者出庭答辩habeas corpus ad testificandum 解叫被拘押者出庭作证habendum 具体约定当事人的权利和义务halfway house 重返社会训练所harmless error 无害过错headnote 批注;注释hear 听审;听证hearing 听证会;昕审hearsay 传闻证据;道听途说heir 继承人;继承人heiress 女继承人;嗣女hereditament 可继承的财产;世袭财产hereinafter 以下;在下文中hereinbefore 以上;在上文中heritable 可继承的high court 高等法院;最高法院higher court 高级法院;上一级法院high seas 公海hold 拘留;扣留;拥有;占有holograpffic will 遗嘱homstead 家宅，农庄homicide 杀人行为honor 阁下，先生hornbook 法学基础理论教科书;法律专题概论hostile witness 恶意证人housebreaking 入室盗窃hung jury 悬而不决的陪审团hypothecate 抵押;担保hypothetical question 假设的问题Iillegal 不合法的;违法的illegitimate 法律不容的;非法的illegitmate child 非婚生孩子;私生子immigration 移民immovable 固定的;不可移动的immunity 免除;豁免impanel 挑选陪审团成员impeachment of witness 质疑证人impreach 怀疑;提出异议;弹劫impediment 障碍;妨碍imperfect obligation 不受法律约束的责任;不完全义务implied consent 默示同意implied contract 默示契约、合同implied warranty merchantability 默示保证，默示担保imbound 依法没收;扣押imputed negligence 关系人受牵连的过失inactive case 悬案inadmissble 不能被采纳的inalienable 不能转让的;不可分割的in banc 开庭中;在法庭上;全体法官出庭in camera 秘密听证incapacitate 使无能力;使不适合;剥夺合法身份incapacity 元行为能力;元资格incarceration 监禁，禁闭incest 乱伦incestuous 近亲相奸的;乱伦的inchoate 尚未完成的;尚未生效的incident 附带条件;附属于财产的权利和义务incompetent 无能力的;不称职的incompetent evidence 无效证据: 不能采纳的证据;非法证据income withholding order 扣薪命令inconvenient forum 法庭不便原则incorporate 合并组成;成立公司incorporeal 无实体的;元形的;非物质的incriminate 使显的有罪;牵连;归罪于indecency 下流;不适当;猥亵indecent assault 强暴猥亵罪;性侵犯indecent exposure 露阴罪indefeasible 难使无效的;不能废弃的indemnify 赔偿;使免于受罚indenture 契约，合同independent personal representative 私人代表，个人代表indeterminate 不定刑期;不确定的;模糊的indeterminate sentence 模糊判决;不确定刑期indicia 记号;表征indict 控告: 起诉indictable 可起诉的indictment 控告indigent 贫穷的，贫困的indispensable 必不可少的;诉讼的一方inducement 引诱;劝诱infamous 被撮夺公权的;可招致公权被榄夺的infancy 婴儿期;早期infant 婴儿: 幼儿infanticide 杀婴罪;杀婴者inferior 低等的;下级的inferior court 下级法院in flagrante delicto 在作案现场influence 影响;驱使informal hearing 非正式听证informant 告发者: 告密者in forma pauperis 诉讼救济information 公诉书informer 告发者;告密者infra 以下，下文infraction 违背;违犯;犯规infringe 违反inhere 存在inherent 固有的;内在的inherit 继承inherit able 可继承的inheritance 继承物，遗产inheritance tax 遗产税;继承税initiative 立法提案权initial appearance 初审;首次出庭injunction 命令;强制令;禁制令injurious 伤害的;中伤的;不公正的injury 受伤;伤害innocent 清白的，无罪的，无辜的inns of court 律师学院;法学会，法务工作者协会innuendo 暗讽;含沙射影的诽谤中伤in personam 对某人不利;将某人起诉inquest 审讯，审理inquisition 调查;审讯inquisitorial 审判官似的;调查官似的;爱打听的in re 关于in rem 对物的insanity 精神错乱的;疯狂的insider trading 内部人员非法利用内幕消息进行交易inspectorial search 搜查institute 对某人起诉，使就职;授予圣职instruct 命令;指导instructions 指导instrument 正式的法律文件insurance policy 保险单intangible assets 无形资产intellectual property 知识产权intent 意图;意向interdict 禁止;制止;封锁;阻断interrogatories 质询，质问intervene 介入;干涉;干预inter vivos 当事人活着时有效的interest 利益interested party 有关当事人;有股权方interested person 利害关系人interim bond 临时保释金interim order 暂时法令interlocutory 在诉讼程序进行中的，非最终的interlocutory appeal 中间上诉international court of justice 国际法院;海牙国际法庭international law 国际法interpleader 交互诉讼;交互诉讼者interrogatories 讯问;质询interstate 州际的interstate income withholding order 州际扣薪命令intervene 干涉;干预;调停intestate 无遗嘱的intestate succession 无遗嘱继承inure 生效invalid 无效的;元用的invalidate 使无效;使作废inventory 财产清单inventory fee 遗产检验费invoke the rule 调用规则irrevocable trust 不可撤销的信托issue 子嗣，后代;争议点Jjag 军法署署长jail 看守所;拘留所jane doe 女性原告JD 法学博士jeopardy 危险处境JIS 司法信息服务的缩写J. N. O. V. 但是裁决;反向裁决John Doe 男性原告joinder 联合诉讼joint 共同的;联合的joint and several liability 连带责任;共同责任joint custody 共同监护权joint tenancy 共同共有;联权共有JP- justice of the peace 治安法官judge 法官judge advocate 军事法官;军事检察官judge advocate general 军法署署长;军法局长judge 法官制定的judges' associations 法官协会judgment 判决judgement in default 缺席判决judgment notwithstanding the verdict但是裁决;反向裁决;不顾陪审团裁决之判决judgment N.O.V . 但是裁决;反向裁决;不顾陪审团裁决之判决judicature 法官judicial 司法的;法庭的judicial activity report 司法活动报告judicial information services 司法信息中心judicial review 司法审查;复审judicial separation 合法分居;法定分居judicial tenure commission 司法职位督察委员会judiciary 法官;审判官jural 法律上的;有关权利义务的jurat 宣誓证明juridical 司法的;法院的jurisdiction 管辖权;司法权;裁判权juris doctor 法学博士jurisprudence 法学;法理学jurist 法学家juror 陪审员juror disqualified 无资格陪审员jury 陪审团jury array 陪审团成员审选;陪审团成员名册jury box 陪审团席jury commissioner 陪审团审查官jury instructions 陪审团指导jury panel 候选陪审员jury polling 陪审团员投票;陪审团员表决jury trial 陪审团审判jus cogens 国际法准则jus gentium 国际法justice 正义;公正;合理;大法官justice of the peace 地方治安法官justiciable 可在法庭审判的;可在法庭裁决的justifiable homicide 正当杀人juvenile 未成年人juvenile code 青少年法典juvenile court 少年法庭juvenile delinquency 少年犯罪juvenile delinquency proceedings 少年犯诉讼程序juvenile offender 少年犯juvenile officer 主管少年犯罪的警官Kkangaroo court 私设的法庭，非法法庭KC-king's counsel 王室律师;皇家律师kin 亲属，家族king's bench 英国高等法院king's counesel 英国王室律师king's inns 爱尔兰律师培训中心knock-for-knock 自保原则knowingly and willfully 故意违法Llaches 懈怠;疏忽land contract 土地契约lapse 丧失，失效lapsed gift 因失效而转归他人的赠与larceny 盗窃law enforcement information network法律实施信息网lawful 合法的;法定的;依法的lawgiver 立法者lawmaker 立法者lawman 执法者;警察law office 律师事务所law of nations 国际法;万国公法law of succession 财产继承法lawsuit 诉讼lawyer 律师law clerks 助理leading question 有诱导性的提问lease 租约，租契leaseback 反租;售后回租leasehold 根据地契而拥有的legacy 遗产，遗赠物legal 法律上的;合法的;法定的legal aid 法律援助legal capacity 法定资格;法定身份legal eagle 精干律师legalese 法律措词;法律术语legal fiction 法律虚拟legality 合法性;法律性legalize 使合法化;使得到法律认可legally incapacitated person 无行为能力的人legal person 法人legal separation 合法分居;父母和孩子分住legal tender 法定货币legatee 遗产受赠人legator 遗赠者;立遗嘱者legislate 立法;制定法律legislation 立法;法律的通过legislative 立法的legislator 立法委员;立法者legislature 立法机关;立法团体legitimate 合法的;合情合理的legitimize 使合法;给予合法地位lein network 宽恕;宽大处理lessee 承租人，租户lessor 出租人letters of administration 遗产管理证书letters patent 专利特许证letters rogatory 司法协助函letters testamentary 遗嘱执行人授权书levy 征收;征税lex fori 所在地法。

涉外法律文书主要用语、句式逐条翻译涉外法律文书主要用语、句式逐条翻译1. IN WITNESS WHEREOF 作为所协议事项的证据：该短语常用于合同的结尾条款：IN WITNESS WHEREOF，the parties have executed this Contract in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives on the date first above written.作为所协议事项的证据，双方授权代表于上面首次写明的日期正式签订本协议一式两份。

2. IN CONSIDERATION OF 以……为约因/报酬约因是英美法系的合同有效成立要件之一，没有则合同不能依法强制履行。

但是，大陆法系的合同则无此规定。

Now Therefore， in consideration of the premises and the covenants herein，contained，the parties hereto agree as follows：兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：In consideration of the payment to be made by Party A to Party B， Party B hereby covenants with Party A to complete the building in conformity with the provisions of the Contract.乙方特此立约向甲方保证按合同规定完成工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。

3. NOW， THEREFORE 兹特此短语用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项的常用开头语，并与其后hereby的结合。

如果无HEREAS条款，则本短语可省略：NOW，THEREFORE，it’s hereby agreed and understood as follows；兹特协议和谅解如下：4. NOW THESE PRESENTS WITNESS 兹特立约为据本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。